翻译理论与实践题0讲解

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《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程练习及答案

《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程练习及答案

一.英汉翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲“翻译”溯源第2讲翻译的本质第3讲翻译的标准第4讲翻译面面观第5讲翻译必有“失”/ 失于此而得于彼(两讲合并)第6讲翻译与联想第7讲翻译与语法第8讲翻译与语体第9讲翻译与语篇第10讲英汉十大差异第11讲形合与意合第12讲代词的困惑第13讲Connotation的翻译第14讲翻译与词典第15讲以“模糊”求精确第16讲落笔知轻重译文讲分寸第17讲翻译最难是口吻第18讲翻译与形象思维第19讲翻译与灵感思维第20讲英语修辞的翻译(包括连接三讲)第21讲翻译中的文化冲击第22讲思维是语言的脊梁(两讲合并)第23讲翻译美学之思考(两讲合并)二.汉英翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲汉译英呼唤文字功力第2讲语篇与翻译第3讲:英汉语美感比读(两讲合并)第4讲:理性概译:翻译之坦途第5讲:英语句式的亮点:非人称主语句(两讲合并)第6讲:汉译英有用的句型(两讲合并)第7讲:类析汉译英常见拙译(三讲合并)第8讲:从“湖光山色”的英译说开去(两讲合并)第9讲:Denotation和Connotation(两讲合并)第10讲:翻译,你的本质是什么?第11讲:归化与异化----汉语习语的英译一.英汉翻译理论与实践课程之练习第1讲“翻译”溯源试将下列文字译成汉语:1/ Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969)2/ Translation may be defined as follows:The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)3/ A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. (A. F. Tytler: Essay on the Principles of Translation. 1791)参考译文1/ 所谓翻译,是在译语中用最切近的自然的对等语再现原语的信息,首先是意义,其次是文体。

《翻译理论与实践》30问(附答案)

《翻译理论与实践》30问(附答案)

《翻译理论与实践》30问(附答案)1 什么是翻译?翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交际活动。

翻译的过程不仅是语言转换过程,且是反映不同社会特征的文化转换过程。

翻译是科学,因为它有规律可循;是艺术,因为它是译者对原文进行再创造的过程;是技能,因为译文的信息需要用译语以恰当的方式再现。

2 翻译的可能性和局限性是什么?翻译的可能性,建立在文化的共性上,而局限性建立在文化的个性上。

文化是一种复杂概念,大致可分为三类:物质文化、制度文化和心理文化。

语言属制度文化,因为它由社会中的人创造,有其使用规律,为全社会的人共有。

人类在同一个地球上生活繁衍,不同国家不同民族的人民都拥有上述三种文化,它们的许多共同之处便是翻译的基础。

由于人类居住的生态环境有别,各国社会历史不完全相同,各国人民表情达意的手法也有差别,它们都是文化交流的障碍,有些障碍甚至不可逾越,这便是造成翻译局限性的原因。

3 翻译和其它学科有关系吗?翻译是一门博大精深的学问,但它和语言诸学科和文化诸学科的关系最密切。

由于翻译至少涉及两种文化和两种语言,是跨文化、跨语言的交际,运用语言或文化科学指导翻译实践时,均需将有关学科进行对比。

所以,译学是“百科学”和译者是“杂家”的比喻,是一点也不过分的。

4 译者应该具备哪些素养?译者应能较熟悉地运用原语和译语,通达人情世故,了解作者和读者的心理,尊重作者和读者,尽力是自己成为沟通他们心灵的桥梁;译者要能“忘我”,尽量再现作者的意图和风格,而不是用自己的风格取而代之;译者应谦虚、大度,热爱学习、锲而不舍,要有将人类创造的全部知识来丰富自己的决心。

译无涯,学无涯。

5 翻译的从属性和创造性是什么?翻译是在科学指导下的艺术活动,需要译者在透彻理解原文的基础上进行再创造,但创造的目的是再现原文的意义和功能,创造的原则是服从于原文,从属于原文。

译者在翻译时好比是走钢丝的杂技演员,无论如何随着音乐的节奏和旋律手舞足蹈或前滚后翻,始终不能离开脚下的钢丝。

翻译理论与实践试题及答案

翻译理论与实践试题及答案

翻译理论与实践试题一、选择题(在四个选项中选择一个正确答案):20%1. 中国古代佛经翻译家------提出了“既须求真,又须喻俗”的翻译思想。

A. 鸠摩罗什B. 玄奘C.安世高D。

释道安2. 严复说的“一名之立,旬月踟躇”是指---------------------。

A. 翻译一部书要化一个月时间作准备B 翻译一个术语往往要考虑很久C.只有化苦功才能翻译成一部名著D.书名的翻译颇费思量3..下列四句,----句的表述是不正确的。

A. 鲁迅提出过“宁信而不顺”的翻译观点。

B. 马建忠主张“善译”的翻译标准。

C. 钱钟书认为文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。

D. 傅雷认为文学翻译的最高境界是“形似”。

4.下列四位翻译家中,英译《红楼梦》的是------。

A. 林语堂B. 杨宪益C. 杨必D. 鲁迅5.英国语言学家M.A.K.Halliday提出的构成语境三要素中,fields of discourse指---------------------------。

A. 交际内容B. 交际方式C. 交际风格D. 交际地点6. 多用被动语态是----------的一个比较明显的语法特点。

A. 广告英语B. 科技英语C. 新闻英语D. 法律英语7. “意译”是指译文从意义出发,要求将原文的意义正确表达出来,不必拘泥于------的形式。

A.词句B. 词句和比喻C. 各种修辞手段D. 词、句、以及各种修辞手段8.. ------翻译了莎士比亚的全部戏剧作品。

A. 朱生豪B. 卞之琳C. 梁实秋D. 林语堂9. fast, firm, secure三个同义词中,firm的正规程度介于前后两者之间,由此可以判定,它最有可能源自------。

A. 法语B. 拉丁语C.盎格鲁-撒克逊语D. 德语10. 下列四种“语体”中,--------的语言最为正规。

A. 广告英语B. 法律英语C. 新闻英语D. 科技英语二、问答题:30%1. 为什么严复要在他的翻译标准中加上一个“雅”字?你认为现在我们应该怎样理解这个“雅”字?2、.我们可以通过观察哪几种“语域标志”来区别英语语言的正规程度?请举例说明其中两种。

翻译理论与实践

翻译理论与实践

A. 由动词的派生词名词(或含有动作意义的名词) 转译为动词
2. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.
无论什么事情,只要他一露面,就算是成功了。 3. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of translation. 读一点世界史,对学习翻译是有帮助的。 4. A view of Mt. E-mei can be obtained from here. 从这儿可以看到峨嵋山。
B. 英语中加后缀-er, -or 的名词,在句中并不表 身份和职业,而是含有较强的动作意义。
5. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.
他倒是不抽烟,但他的爸爸却一支接一支地抽 (是个老烟枪)。
6. He was a regular visitor.
翻译理论与实践
一、定义
In terms of conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessary to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. As a matter of fact, conversion in the English language is very common. Let’s take the word “round” for example: This is the first round. There is a round table in the room. Round the corner slowly. He walked round the table.

《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》翻译实践及详解( Congestive Heart Disease)【圣才

《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》翻译实践及详解( Congestive Heart Disease)【圣才

10. Congestive Heart DiseaseThis chapter emphasizes the special features characterizing the diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure①, whose high incidence in old age makes it an important problem of older people.Heart failure in the aged may result from any condition②which interferes with the coronary blood flow, increases the work of the myocardium, or impairs myocardial function. Age- specific rates demonstrate a remarkable increase in congestive heart failure with age. Atherosclerotic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease separately or combined③account for nearly 50 per cent of the reported cases of congestive heart failure.Advances in treatments available to younger patients are equally valuable to older patients although treatment of congestive heart failure in old patients poses problems of greater magnitude than in younger persons and requires Special consideration owing to the multiple pathological ailments and changes in pharmacological responses with age④. For example, the elderly patient’s extensive ⑤coronary artery disease and myocardial fibrosis impair heart action and decreased⑥cerebral blood flow and hypoxia produce irrational behavior which makes the older person more difficult to manage and less capable of following directions. Chronic renal and liver impairments make older people more susceptible to digitalis toxicity, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoproteinemia. Although thesechanges tend to thwart therapeutic efforts and render management more difficult, attention⑦to the diagnostic and therapeutic suggestions in this chapter should rectify and prevent recurrent congestive heart failure and provide more successful care in the hospital and at home.The pathology of heart failure in the aged includes all form of heart diseases in younger people and, in addition, the special entities found mainly in the elderly. The multiplicity of pathologic conditions increases with age and complicates the assessment of the pathologic basis for the heart failure⑧. Heart failure in aged patients often has more than one cause and may be associated with numerous other disorders⑨.From The Management of Geriatric CardiovascularDiseases by Raymond Harris 【参考译文】本章着重讨论在充血性心力衰竭的诊断与治疗中存在的特殊问题。

翻译理论与实践[汉译英]3.2语境与词汇的翻译

翻译理论与实践[汉译英]3.2语境与词汇的翻译
改译:他为人正直,但名声不佳,我相信这个坏名声是莫 须有的。(贬义)
Should the couples split up or stay together for the sake of the kids?
这样的夫妻应该离婚还是应该为了孩子凑合着过下去? (贬义)
学生很羡慕她的博学. Students admire her for her wide range of knowledge.(褒
Eg. 5 :复杂的感情: mixed feelings (√)

complex / complicated feelings (×)
Eg. 6: (日子)过去 :flow away / wear off /
pass away
3.2.2 根据语言语境选择译文用词
“说”的不同翻译: Eg. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上,吐一口唾沫,说:“这
3.2.1 根据语言语境确定原文词义
例1: 洁白的大道 – clean roadway 例2:好地方 – a most suitable place 例3:强迫运动 – compulsory (必修的)
physical exercises
根据语言语境确定原文词义
例4: 把马克思主义的基本原理同中国实际结合 起来。
Good在不同collocation中的翻译
Good fire A good hard work Good reason A good dinner A good soil A good money Good English That engine sounds good. A good example Milk is good for children. a good chess player Have a good drink Good debts

翻译理论与实践(14)

翻译理论与实践(14)

作业讲评:British newspapers – all of them some of the time, and some of them all the time – behave badly in two ways. They intrude unnecessarily and often hurtfully into people’s privacy; and they publish inaccurate, sometimes made-up stories. The victims have little redress. If they are rich and the article is defamatory, they can sue for libel. Most cannot afford to do so, and even the rich cannot prevent an invasion of their privacy. Fierce competition, particularly between tabloid newspapers, leads to more feet in more doors.英国的报纸有两点做得很不象话。

一是无端侵犯别人的私生活,并往往给人造成精神上的伤害;二是刊登失实的,有时甚至是无中生有的报道。

所有的报纸都无一例外,有的偶尔为之,有的则几乎天天如此。

受害人名誉受损,但得不到什么洗刷。

受害人若是有钱人家,加上报纸刊登的文章又确是恶意中伤,那么他们便可以诽谤罪向法院起诉。

但大多数受害人是打不起这种官司的。

即使是有钱人也不能使自己的隐私免受侵犯。

各种报纸之间,特别是各种图片小报之间的激烈竞争,导致这种寻觅个人和家庭隐私材料作报道的行为日见其多。

Comparison between English and Chinese (continued)substitutive (替换) vs. repetitive(重复)1.Substitution (替代)1).Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French.2). In any case work does not include time, but power does在任何情况下,功不包括时间,但功率却包括时间。

《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》翻译实践及详解(Has Democracy a Future)【圣才出品】

《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》翻译实践及详解(Has Democracy a Future)【圣才出品】

2. Has Democracy a Future?Back to the question: Has democracy a future? Yes, Virginia①, it does, but not the glorious future predicted in the triumphalist moment. Democracy has survived the twentieth century by the skin of its teeth②. It will not enjoy a free ride③through the century to come.In America, democracy must run a gauntlet of challenges. The most crucial is still Du Bois’ color line. Much depends on the availability of jobs, especially in the inner city④. If employment remains high, political action will mitigate racial tensions, particularly when minorities understand that in the longer run ethnic gerrymandering⑤will reduce, not increase, their influence. Tension will be mitigated even more by intermarriage. Sex—and love—between people of different creeds and colors can probably be counted on to arrest the disuniting of America.The national capacity to absorb and assimilate newcomers will remain powerful. The call of the mainstream will appeal far more than linguistic or ethnic ghettos, above all to the young⑥. English will continue as the dominant language. Indeed, in essentials the national character will be recognizably much as it has been for a couple of centuries. People seeking clues to the American mystery will still read, and quote, Toequeville.Technology will rush on according to Adams’ law of acceleration. But for all⑦the temptations of interactivity⑧and all the unpopularity of elected officials, I doubt that Americans will sanction the degradation⑨of representative democracy into a system of plebiscites. Capitalism too will careen on, through downs as well as ups, but laissez-faire ideology will probably wane as capitalists discover the range of troubles the unfettered market cannot solve, or makes worse. Unbridled capitalism, with low wages, long hours, and exploited workers, excites social resentment, revives class warfare, and infuses Marxism with new life. To move along constructive lines, capitalism must subordinate short-term plans and profits to such long-term social necessities⑩as investment in education, research and development, environmental protection, the extension of health care, the rehabilitation of infrastructure, the redemption of the city. Capitalists are not likely to do this by themselves. Long- term perspectives demand public leadership⑪ and affirmative government.From Foreign Affairs, September/October 1997 【参考译文】回到我们原来的问题:民主有前途吗?有!①民主是有前途,但并不像人们在必胜信念、乐观心态盛行时期所预测的那种光辉灿烂的前途。

《翻译理论与实践(笔译)》期末复习辅导 - 萧山电大讲解

《翻译理论与实践(笔译)》期末复习辅导 - 萧山电大讲解

浙江广播电视大学英语专业(开放专科)《英语翻译基础》期末复习一、考试题型和模拟题1. 选择题:10题,每题2分,共20分。

范围主要包括翻译标准,直译与意译问题,翻译的定义,文化与翻译的问题。

2. 问答题:1题,共10分。

范围主要包括直译与意译问题,翻译的标准,以及翻译与文化的关系等等。

3.改译句子:10题,共30分。

3. 段落翻译(英译汉):2段,共40分。

一、选择题(在四个选项中选择一个正确答案):1. 明朝末年的翻译家徐光启主要从事--- ---的翻译。

A. 佛教经典B. 文学作品C. 科技著作D. 哲学著作2. 《马氏文通》的作者马建忠提出了“--- ---”的翻译观点。

A. 善译B. 化境C. 神似D. 信、达、雅3. 出版后即风靡海内的《巴黎茶花女遗事》是-- ----的译作。

A.严复 B. 林纾C. 林语堂D. 梁实秋4.“意译”是指译文从意义出发,要求将原文的意义正确表达出来,不必拘泥于-- ----的形式。

A. 词句B. 词句和比喻C. 各种修辞手段D. 词、句、以及各种修辞手段5. 翻译是一种()的交际活动。

A.跨语言,跨文化,跨社会 B. 跨语言C.跨语言,跨社会 D. 跨语言,跨社会6. 翻译的理想单位是:__________。

()A.篇章 B. 句子 C.词语 D. 单词7.下列四个语言特点中,---- --不是广告英语的特点。

A. 多祈使句B. 多后置定语C. 多新词汇D. 多常用词汇8. 鲁迅曾提出过“------- --------”的翻译观点。

A. 宁顺而不信B. 宁信而不顺C. 与其信而不顺,不如顺而不信D. 忠实、通顺、得体9.“Do you see any green in my eye?”可以翻译为:__ _____。

A. 你从我的眼睛里看到绿颜色吗?B. 你以为我是好欺骗的吗?C. 你从我的眼睛里看到嫉妒的感觉吗?D. 你以为我在嫉妒你吗?10. “Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.” 意思为( )。

英译汉理论与实践

英译汉理论与实践

1)Grammatical analysis:
(1) Sentence structure (2) Additional complication
(1) Sentence structure:
The selection consists of a single complex sentence, composed of a main clause and an object clause.
(5) Structural and lexical formality:
The selection is structurally formal in that the sentence the selection is composed of is grammatically complete and free from colloquial structures; it is lexically formal in that in the selection, formal words, including nominalizations, are frequently used, for example, consider, particular, relevance, developing, country, government, understand, participate, telecommunications, and others.
Exercise 2:
The meeting considered that the recommendations made by the United Nations International Symposium on Trade Efficiency in the sector of telecommunications remain a valid basis for the continuation of intergovernmental activities in the area of the telecommunications, business facilitation and trade efficiency. The experts underlined that UNCTAD should pursue its work in this area by complementing UNISTE recommendations through the consideration of a number of recent trends and events, which have been and will continue to be of critical importance for the competitiveness of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, in the years to come.

《翻译理论与实践》讲义(完美版)练习与作业答案

《翻译理论与实践》讲义(完美版)练习与作业答案

翻译理论与实践讲义作业一。

字词的翻译一、词的理解1.一词多义:例子:wetShe had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot. 她雇了一名奶妈为艾略特喂奶。

If you think I am for him, you are all wet. 如果你认为我支持他,那你就大错特错了。

She wet her pants at the news. 听到这个消息,她吓得尿了裤子。

2.词的大小:state and revolution, 国家与革命(列宁著作)state of the union (国情咨文)the united states. 美国(联合的各州)3.词义引申:抽象化、具体化例子:every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。

She stood there chewing over the strange thing. 她站在那儿仔细地琢磨这件怪事。

The engine sounds good. 那台机器听起来很正常。

At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 他23岁时,平生第一次尝到了做黑人的滋味。

4.词的褒贬:例子:commentAlice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment.爱丽丝兴奋得像个小孩子似地,很高兴自己有成了谈论的中心。

But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms.但她禁不住想到,这对她个人的魅力是多么大的讽刺啊。

He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ?他在房间里走来走去,之后停下来环视着说:“谁有高见”?5.词的轻重:看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。

《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》翻译实践及详解(The Thanks We Give)【圣才出品】

《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》翻译实践及详解(The Thanks We Give)【圣才出品】

6. The Thanks We GiveIt’s not the turkey alone we’re grateful for①. Not the cranberry sauce or the stuffing or even the pumpkin pie. Some of the people seated at the table are strangers—friends of friends, cousins of in-laws②—and some are almost desperately familiar faces we live and work with every day.In any other week, today would merely be Thursday and the gathering of all these people—the cooking and serving and cleaning—a chore. But today it doesn’t feel that way. The host—perhaps it’s you—stands up and asks that we give thanks, and we do, each in our own way. And what we’re thankful for is simply this, the food, the shelter, the company and, above all, the sense of belongings③.As holidays go④, Thanksgiving is in some ways the most philosophical⑤. Today we try not to take for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try, if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives⑥to what lies behind them. In other words, we try to understand how very rich we are, whether we feel very rich or not. Today is one of the few times most Americans consciously set desire aside, if only because desire is incompatible⑦with the gratitude—not to mention⑧the abundance⑨-that Thanksgiving summons.It’s tempting to think that one Thanksgiving is pretty much like another,except for differences in the guest list and the recipes. But it isn’t true. This is always a feast about where we are now⑩. Thanksgiving reflects the complexion⑪ of the year we’re in. Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other years it seems marked by a conspicuous humility uncommon in the calendar of American emotions⑫.And this year? We will probably remember this Thanksgiving as a banquet of mixed emotions⑬. This is, after all, a profoundly American holiday. The undertow of business as usual seems especially strong this year⑭. The shadow of a war and misgivings over the future loom in the minds of many of us⑮. Most years we enjoy the privacy of Thanksgiving⑯, but this year, somehow, the holiday feels like part of a public effort to remember and reclaim for ourselves what it means to be America⑰.That means giving thanks for some fundamental principles that should be honored every day of the year in the life of this nation—principles of generosity, tolerance and inclusion. This is a feast that no one should be turned away from. The abundance of the food piled on the table should signify that there is plenty for all, plenty to be shared. The welcome we feel⑱ makes sense only if we also extend it to others.From The New York Times, No.25.2004 【参考译文】不单单是因为有①火鸡我们才感恩,也不是因为有红梅果酱、火鸡馅料,甚至不是因为有南瓜派。

翻译理论与实践之前五篇练习讲解PPT文档共17页

翻译理论与实践之前五篇练习讲解PPT文档共17页

谢谢!
36、自己的鞋子,自己知道紧在哪里。——西班牙
37、我们唯一不会改正的缺点是软弱。——拉罗什福科
xiexie! 38、我这个人走得很慢,但是我从不后退事吧。——美华纳
40、学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。——孔子
翻译理论与实践之前五篇练习讲解
11、获得的成功越大,就越令人高兴 。野心 是使人 勤奋的 原因, 节制使 人枯萎 。 12、不问收获,只问耕耘。如同种树 ,先有 根茎, 再有枝 叶,尔 后花实 ,好好 劳动, 不要想 太多, 那样只 会使人 胆孝懒 惰,因 为不实 践,甚 至不接 触社会 ,难道 你是野 人。(名 言网) 13、不怕,不悔(虽然只有四个字,但 常看常 新。 14、我在心里默默地为每一个人祝福 。我爱 自己, 我用清 洁与节 制来珍 惜我的 身体, 我用智 慧和知 识充实 我的头 脑。 15、这世上的一切都借希望而完成。 农夫不 会播下 一粒玉 米,如 果他不 曾希望 它长成 种籽; 单身汉 不会娶 妻,如 果他不 曾希望 有小孩 ;商人 或手艺 人不会 工作, 如果他 不曾希 望因此 而有收 益。-- 马钉路 德。

翻译理论与实践(赵秀明)期末复习题

翻译理论与实践(赵秀明)期末复习题

一、翻译的基本理论复习题〔一〕列举至少三种翻译标准〔中、西均可〕,并指出是由谁提出的。

中国的:严复,信雅达三字标准; 林语堂:忠实,通顺,美的标准傅雷,神似;茅盾:意境论;钱钟书:化境赵秀明:韵味说外国的:泰特勒的三原则〔1.译文应完全复写出原作的思想 2.译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同3.译文应和原作同样流畅〕费道罗夫的等值论:等值即译文和原文等值,表现在读者看了原文和译文之后,其感受的等值性。

奈达的等效理论奈达从社会语言学和语言交际功能观点,提出“最接近的,自然的等效翻译〞概念,认为翻译必须以接受者服务为中心,要根据不同接受者的要求对译文作相应调整。

二〕翻译的主要方法有_直译_和_意译_。

“直译〞就是忠实的再现原作思想内容,并尽量保存原作语言形式的表现方法。

原文如在形、义上与译语全同或是基本相同的可以直译,原语中的比喻或形象能为译语读者所接受的有时也可以采用直译。

“意译〞是忠实传达原作思想内容而放弃原作形式。

多强调译文的效果,不求表层次形式对应,只求语言在深层次中的对应。

不是主观臆断,是以不背离原文为限度,注意翻译时对原文结构的调整,用规X的译语表达。

〔三〕列举你所掌握的翻译技巧。

技巧是翻译的具体策略,在直译和意译两大类翻译方法之下,具体的翻译技巧有分切、转换、转移、还原、阐释、融合、引申、反转、替代、拆离、增补、省略、重复、重组、移植等。

再概括起来,可以归结为增、减、移、换四大策略。

〔四〕列举中、西翻译史上著名翻译家至少十位。

傅雷,季羡林,草婴,鲁迅,杨绛,朱生豪,X谷若,诺思,查普曼,费洛里欧,何兰德,阿瑟伟利,弗兰茨库恩,玄奘、义净、徐寿、李善兰、赵元益、卞之琳、叶水夫、黄龙、茅盾;乔叟、西塞罗、哲罗姆、阿尔弗雷德国王、波伊提乌、诺思〔五〕谈谈翻译的困难〔至少两点〕。

首先理解的困难。

汉语和英语都是很发达的语言,以表达丰富细致著称,要理解的准确必须处处细致。

Eg:in the seventh heaven不可按表面译为“升天〞本意是“非常高兴〞:翻译方法的选择是另一困难。

翻译理论与实践考试题库

翻译理论与实践考试题库

翻译理论与实践考试题库一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 翻译理论中的“信、达、雅”是由哪位翻译家提出的?A. 严复B. 林语堂C. 王力D. 钱钟书2. 在翻译过程中,哪种方法强调原文的忠实度?A. 直译B. 意译C. 音译D. 形译3. 翻译理论中,“功能主义”是由哪位学者提出的?A. 奈达B. 霍姆斯C. 斯奈尔-霍恩比D. 费舍尔4. 下列哪个选项不是翻译过程中可能遇到的问题?A. 文化差异B. 语言障碍C. 翻译技巧D. 语言风格5. 翻译理论中的“交际翻译”是指什么?A. 翻译者与原文作者的交流B. 翻译者与目标语言读者的交流C. 原文与译文的交流D. 原文与目标语言的交流6. 翻译理论中的“动态对等”是由哪位学者提出的?A. 奈达B. 霍姆斯C. 斯奈尔-霍恩比D. 费舍尔7. 在翻译实践中,哪种翻译策略更注重原文的文化内涵?A. 直译B. 意译C. 音译D. 形译8. 翻译理论中的“交际翻译”主要强调的是什么?A. 原文的忠实度B. 译文的流畅性C. 译文的可读性D. 译文的交际功能9. 翻译理论中的“翻译单位”通常指的是什么?A. 词汇B. 句子C. 段落D. 文章10. 在翻译实践中,哪种翻译方法更注重译文的可读性?A. 直译B. 意译C. 音译D. 形译二、简答题(每题10分,共30分)1. 简述翻译理论中的“交际翻译”与“语义翻译”的区别。

2. 描述翻译过程中如何处理文化差异,并举例说明。

3. 阐述翻译理论中的“功能主义”对翻译实践的影响。

三、论述题(每题25分,共50分)1. 论述翻译理论中的“动态对等”理论,并结合实际翻译案例进行分析。

2. 论述翻译实践中如何处理语言风格的差异,并给出具体的翻译策略。

四、翻译实践题(共30分)请将以下中文段落翻译成英文,并注意保持原文的语义、风格和文化内涵。

原文:随着全球化的不断深入,跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

翻译作为跨文化交流的重要工具,不仅要忠实于原文,还要考虑到目标语言的文化背景和读者的接受能力。

翻译理论与实践课后习题答案

翻译理论与实践课后习题答案

第一章翻译概论第一节中外翻译史简介四、课内练习1. 东汉至唐宋时期。

2. 玄奘不仅译出了75 部佛经,而且还把老子的部分著作译成梵文,成为第一个向国外介绍汉语著作的中国人。

3. 20 世纪初的“五四”新文化运动,开创了白话文学和白话翻译的新纪元,语言从文言正宗转为白话本位。

五四运动前后,东西方各国的优秀文学作品,特别是俄国和苏联的作品开始被介绍进来,《共产党宣言》等一批马克思主义著作的译文就发表在“五四”时期,为中国后来的革命做了充分的理论和思想准备。

4. 圣经的翻译成为了西方翻译研究的重要源头之一。

5. 中外悠久的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。

我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验,借鉴吸收前人从实践中总结出的理论、方法,以便继续提高我们的翻译水平,为中外文化交流做出自己的贡献。

五、课后练习(一)将下列段落译成中文:一百年前的今天:一些海鸥;北卡罗来纳州杀魔山海岸警卫队的三个队员;救生站以及一些本地人,见证了威尔帕·莱特(Wilbur Wright)和奥维尔·莱特(Orville Wright)兄弟的第一次机动飞机飞行。

1903 年12 月17 日,莱特兄弟第一次用比空气重的飞行器进行了有动力的持续飞行。

1932 年,90 英尺高的杀魔山顶立起了一座60 英尺高的花岗岩纪念碑,用以纪念这两个来自俄亥俄州代顿市的梦想家。

莱特兄弟来自于美国中部。

他们有着天空般广阔的眼界,也有着十分务实的作风。

1892 年,他们在俄亥俄州的代顿开创了自己的自行车企业:莱特自行车公司。

虽然在当时世纪之交的美国,有着数不清的自行车公司,但只有一个在造轮子的同时造出了翅膀。

当莱特兄弟在1903 年最终着眼于动力载人飞行器,他们成功地使世界变小了……(二)将下列段落译成英文:As Jia baoyu,Xue Baoqin,Xing youyan and Ping’er had birthdays on the same day,the young ladies held a hilarious drinking party in the hall of the peony garden for them. When it was Xiangyun’s turn to compose a verse amid a drinking game,she made fun of the service maids by saying,holding a duck head in hand,“This ya tou (referring to the duck head in hand)is not that ya tou (referring to the service maids around,as both are homophones in Chinese),for this ya tou has applied no hair oil….”Everybody roared with laughter. Some service maids protested,laughing,“You made fun of us,so you have to drink another cup. Let’s pour a full cup her….”As the party went on drinkers’games continued with ceaseless laughter and people suddenly noticed that Xiangyun had disappeared. While they looked this way and that,a service maid rushed in laughing,“Young ladies. Hurry to have a look at the Lady Xiangyun. She’s sleeping on the stone bench over there.”The group tiptoed over,and sure enough,saw Xiangyun sleeping soundly. Fallen flowers scattered on her body,her hair and her face. Her fan had dropped on the ground aside. Bees danced in the air around her. Under her head was a make-shift pillow of peony flowers wrapped with her handkerchief. Amid laughter service girls gently woke her up and helped her-she was still mumbling something drunkenly-get inside theroom.第二节翻译的定义与性质四、课内练习(一)将下列英文译成中文:1. 海蒂读过阿瑟的信后陷入了绝望之中。

翻译理论与实践

翻译理论与实践
• 著有《哲学的慰藉》 (Consolations of Philosophy)
• 翻译观:内容与风格互为敌对, 要么讲究风格,要么保全内容, 二者不可兼得
• 翻译史以主观食物为中心的, 译者应当放弃主观判断权
• 更注重翻译实践,主张翻译凭 经验而不是理论
• 2.2 中期的托莱多“翻译院” • 2.3 末期的民族语翻译
• 罗马帝国末期著名哲学家,神学 家,西方翻译史上语言学派的鼻 祖
02
中世纪翻译
2、中世纪翻译
• 时间:从476年西罗马 帝国崩溃起至15世纪 文艺复兴时止
• 翻译的三大标记:初 期翻译家波伊提乌, 中期的托莱多“翻译 院”和末期的民族语 翻译Biblioteka • 2.1 初期翻译家波伊提乌
• 古罗马晚期的政治家、哲学家, 初期翻译领域的中心人物。
• 背景:11世纪时,托莱多成为西 代表人物:但丁
欧宗教与文化的中心,大批的阿 拉伯作品涌向西班牙,西方各国
意大利诗人
的学者也纷纷来到这里,从事拉 在《论俗》中对俗语的优越性和形
丁文的翻译,形成一次翻译高潮。 因此,成为了翻译院。
成标准意大利语的必要性等问题都 做了精辟阐述。在《飨宴》中盛赞
• 特点:1、国际性:主要体现在 译者背景的广泛性上。
3.1 马丁·路德(德国)
• 德国文学语言之父,宗教改革奠基人,翻译家 • 主要著作是《圣经》德译本 • 本书中使用了大量当时被广泛使用的德语地方方言,
促成了现代德语的形成。他遵循的是哲姆斯的意译主 张,也同时促进了其他民族语圣经的翻译
西方翻译实践史---六次高潮
公元前四 世纪末
第二次世 界大战结
视频解析和《论善与恶之定义》(De finibus bomorum et malorum) • 提出关于“解释员”式翻译与“演说家”式翻译,即 “直译”与“意译”两种基本译法,确定了厚实探讨 翻译的方向,成为西翻史理论起源的标志性语言。
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一.词翻译
八股文Bagu essay
三个代表Three Represents
红卫兵
两小无猜(of boy and girl) innocent playmates; (of man and woman) childhood intimates
北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck
一朝天子一朝臣a new sovereign, new courtiers; a new leader, a new leading body
拦路虎
坏蛋
红眼病
三优产品3-U Brand products Unrivalled quality Unbeatable prices Unreserved services
西红柿炒鸡蛋Scrambled egg with tomato
二.成语
胆小如鼠as timid as a ___
君子报仇,十年不晚
有其父必有其子Like father, like son
隔墙有耳Walls have ears
一个和尚有水喝,两个和尚挑水喝,三个和尚没水喝One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.
欲速则不达more haste, less speed
三.句子翻译
他绝不会说这句话。

(LAST)He was the last person to say such things.
不是不懂,是不想说。

(NOT THAT, BUT THAT)It’s not that I didn’t understand, but that I did n’t want to say anything.
我属蛇。

I was born in the Chinese lunar year of the snake.
谁没有个三灾六难的。

There is a crook in the lot of every one.
水的沸点是100摄氏度。

Water boils at 100 C
商品的种类繁多、花样齐全。

Here in this store, commodities are great in variety, new in style, and rich in design and color.
四.长句翻译
紫鹃答应着,忙出来换了一个痰盂儿,将手里的这个盆儿放在桌子上,开了套间门出来,仍旧带上门,放下撒花软帘,出来叫醒雪雁。

Zijuan, assenting, hurried out to fetch a clean spittoon, placing the used one on the table in the outer room. Having closed the door behind her,she let down the soft flower portiere before going to wake Xueyan.
它(黄河)奔腾不息,勇往直前,忽而惊涛裂岸,势不可挡,使群山动容;忽而安若处子,风平浪静,波光潋滟,气象万千.
It tears and boils along turbulently through the mountains and, at some place, flows on quietly with a sedate appearance and glistening ripples.
济南地段的黄河,夏天河面宽,水流急,泥沙沉淀淤积,河床逐年加高,水位高于地面十余米7。

The Yellow River at Jinan is wide and turbulent in summer. With years of precipitation and deposition of silt, its bed has become higher and higher so that its
average water level is about 10 meters above the ground.
青年(周恩来)
老栓正在专心走路,忽然吃了一惊,远远地看见一条丁字街,明明白白地横着。

他便退了几步,寻到一家关着门的铺子,蹩进檐下,靠门停住了。

Absorbed in his walking, Old Chuan was startled when he saw the crossroad lying distantly ahead of him. He walked back a few steps to stand under the eaves of a shop in front of its closed door.
子曰:“富与贵,是人之所欲也;不以其道得之,不处也。

贫与贱,是人之所恶也;不以其道得之,不去也。

《论语》.
The master said, "Wealth and rank are what everyone desires; but if they have to be obtained in an improper way, a gentleman must not accept them. Poverty and meanness are what everyone abhors; but if they are to be removed in an improper way, a gentleman can never release himself from them.
教师节
五.段落翻译
下午,我到图书馆,借出一本书。

然后,回家吃饭。

吃饭后,我把书打开,我十分烦恼,原来这本书不是我要借的书。

我就是这号人:拿出一本书不看就走。

我不能怪别人,只能怪自己。

In the afternoon, after borrowing a book from the library, I went back home for supper. What depressed me was that I didn’t find that it was the wr ong book until after supper. That is what I am like: I take a book and run away without even a glance on it. There is nobody else to blame but myself.
老栓慌忙摸出洋钱,抖抖地想交给他,却不敢去接他的东西。

那人便焦急起来,嚷道:“怕什么?怎的不拿!”老栓还踌躇着;黑的人便抢过灯笼,一把扯下纸罩,裹了馒头,塞与老栓;一手抓过洋钱,捏一捏,转身走了。

嘴里嚷着说:“这老东西……”
Hurriedly Old chuan _____(searched, groped, fumbled, felt) for his dollars, and ______(shivering, trembling, shaking, quivering) he was about to __(hand, take, bring, send) them over, but he dared not to take the object. The other grew impatient and __(shouted, roared, screamed, cried), "What are you afraid of? Why not take it?" When Old Chuan still hesitated, the man in black____ (took, grabbed, snatched, caught) his lantern and _____(removed, stripped, tore off, ripped off) its paper shade to_______ (wrap up, cover, fold, enclose) the roll. This package he _______ (thrust, threw, handed, pushed) into Old Chuan's hand. At the same time _______ (taking, grabbing, seizing, snatching) the silver and giving it a cursory feel. Then he turned away, ___(muttering, murmuring, mumbling, grumbling) "Old fool……"。

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