英美文化基础教程
英美文化入门
The Archbishop of York
IV. Teaching Hours
V. Contents
1.Ethnic composition
1)Before the Norman Conquest
• • • • • • • Iberians Celts Angles Saxons Jutes Scandinavians French Normans
V. Contents
2. A Brief Introduction of the British Religious History
3. Introduction of Churches
1) The Church of England
The Church of England
The Archbishop of Canterbury
II. Focal Questions
• Why are the British people regarded as "mixed people"? • What are the three main periods of English Language? • How many classes are there in British society according to objective approach?
Procedures
• Presentation by Students – Focal questions • Lectures by the teacher • Class discussion – Exploitation Activities • Assignment for the next chapter
英美社会文化方向考研朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》考研真题
英美社会文化方向考研朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》考研真题一、英国文化第1章谁是英国人I. Multiple Choices.1. Which of the following peoples were the ancestors of the Welsh? （首都师范大学2009研）A. The Celts.B. The Romans.C. The Danes.D. The Anglo-Saxons.【答案】A @@@【解析】英国威尔士人的祖先为凯尔特人；盎格鲁-撒克逊人是英格兰人的祖先。
2. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans.【答案】A @@@【解析】盎格鲁-撒克逊人西元5世纪起移居不列颠群岛，并建立起一个的王国，10世纪时发展成英格兰王国。
故选A。
B项诺曼人曾于1066年入侵英国。
C项维京人就是北欧海盗，从公元8世纪到11世纪一直侵扰欧洲沿海和英国岛屿。
D项罗马人曾在公元前43年至公元410年统治英国。
3. In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because _____.A. they wanted to increase its control over IrelandB. they had too many people and didn’t have enough space for them to live inC. they intended to expand their investmentD. they believed that Ireland was the best place for them【答案】A @@@【解析】英国政府鼓励国民从苏格兰和英格兰北部移居到爱尔兰北部是为了通过混居同化爱尔兰民族特点和文化，从而加强对其的控制。
朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解（美国文化美国人的特点）【圣才出品】
朱永涛《英美⽂化基础教程》课后习题详解（美国⽂化美国⼈的特点）【圣才出品】第6章美国⼈的特点I.Explain the following in English:1.The pioneering spirit【答案】(1)In the mid-nineteenth century,it was this pioneering spirit that led American settlers to travel westward by the thousands in search of land and gold.(2)It is still an important part of the American character.(3)Today,Northerners and Midwesterners are attracted to the West because of good business opportunities and a mild climate.2.The residential shifting in America【答案】(1)In America,the desire to start a new life in a new place is noticeable throughout the nation.(2)About40million Americans change residences every year.The average American moves fourteen times in his lifetime,compared to five moves for the average Japanese.(3)Some people believe that the highly mobile American society leaves individuals with feelings of root-lessens,isolation,indifference to community welfare,and shallow personal relationships.They want the Americans to rediscover the natural human community.3.American democracy【答案】(1)The creation of American democracy is one of the greatest experiments of all times started by American founding fathers.(2)Under American democracy,’the citizens of the United States,through their elected representatives,establish the nation’s laws and determine its policies.(3)In the author’s opinion,American democracy means majority rule,but it also means protection of minority rights which are outlined in the first ten amendments to the Constitution,known as the Bill of Rights.(4)In the United States,democracy is not only a form of government;it is also a way of life.4.Equality in American society【答案】It does not mean that all human beings are equal in ability or ambition.It means,instead,that all people should be treated equally before the law and given equal privileges and opportunities,insofar as government can control these.In practice,this ideal often does not work perfectly.There have always been those who would deny the rights of others for their own self-interest.There are times when the American people need to be reminded that any denial of basic rights is a weakening of the total system.However,equal treatment and equal opportunity for all are ideals toward which American society is moving ever closer.5.Horatio Alger myth【答案】(1)Horatio Alger was a nineteenth-century American novelist who wrote stories about poor boys who became successful through hard work.(2)These popular“rags-to-riches”stories exemplified the American Dream.(3)The myth inspired a lot of Americans to work hard for success.6.The American Dream【答案】(1)It is the belief that any individual,no matter how poor,can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue.(2)The American Dream symbolized the American belief in equality of opportunity.(3)It attracted a lot of people in the other parts of the world to immigrate to America and inspired them to rise on the social and economic scales.7.Social Mobility【答案】Social mobility-movement from class to class-has always been characteristic of the United States.However,although sociologists talk of the country’s class structure,most Americans do not think in these terms.They do not see themselves as struggling to move from the lower middle class to the upper middle class. Instead they think in terms of higher income to pay for a bigger house,a trip to Europe,summer camp for their children,or more retirement insurance.8.Ralf Nader【答案】(1)In1965,he published a shocking book telling the American public that their automobiles were unnecessarily dangerous.(2)As a result of his efforts,the huge automobile industry was forced to produce a safer product.(3)His success in dealing with the auto industry inspired others to campaign for better products and triggered the consumer protection revolution in the US.9.Materialistic outlook of Americans【答案】Because of their tremendous expenditures for goods and services, Americans are often accused of being materialistic,of valuing above all else money and the comforts and pleasures that money buys.10.Idealistic outlook【答案】They ask much more of life than just day-to-day enjoyment and financial security.They ask that life be meaningful.In choosing careers,Americans consider the significance of their work just as important as the income the job will bring. Also,most Americans are still under the influence of the Protestant ethic,which considers a life of pleasure sinful and hard work ennobling.Americans place great value upon useful activity.In fact,many cannot enjoy their expanding number of leisure hours unless most of their“free”time is spent doing something constructive—such as working on the lawn or cleaning out the garage.II.Fill in the blanks:1.The New Englander is often described as_____and_____;the Southerner as_____ and_____;the westerneras_____and_____.【答案】stern,self-reliant;gracious,leisurely;casual,friendly【解析】新英格兰⼈通常被看作是严肃、⾃⽴的；南部各州的⼈是亲切悠闲的；西部的⼈则很随意并且友好。
英美文化教程
英美文化教程复习资料一、知识点：英国部分1、英国组成，国旗，国歌：The United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northern Ireland is a union made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.The Union Jack is the national flag and God Save the King/Queen is used as the national anthem.2、英国语言经历点阶段：he history of the English language has generally been divided into Old English, spoken by theancient Germans lasting from 450 to 1150; Middle English from 1151 to 1500; and Modern English beginning from 1501.3、抵抗丹麦的皇帝：Alfred the Great, King of Wessex大宪章：The Great CharterThe Great Charter is a most important document in England history. It has been called “the corner stone” of English history. The Great Charter provides that the king should permit merchants to move about freely and should observe the privileges of the various towns, which were growing in number and size.4、宪章运动In 1837 the London Workingman’s Association worked out the famous document, The People’s CharterThe People’s Charter constituted six points:（人民宪章）(1)Votes for all males.(2)Annual election of Parliament (instead of general election every seven years).(3)Payment of Members of Parliament (so that poor men could afford to take part in political activities).(4)Secret voting (so that to avoid bribery and intimidation).(5)Abolition of property qualifications for Parliament Members (so that workers could seek to be elected).(6)Equal electoral districts (so that the large population of the workers could enjoy a corresponding share of thevotes).The People’s Charter was formally adopted at a meeting of workers held on August 8, 1838, on Newhall Hill.In 1840, the Chartist Movement witnessed the second upsruge.In 1848, the Chartist Movement expericenced the third and last upsruge.5、英国两院制上议院、下议院(议会)The parliament(议会) is bicameral (两院制), with an upper house, the non-elected House of Lords, and a lower house, the elected House of Commons.The House of Lords includes two different types of members: the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temproal.The House of Lords today is more a place of discussion and debate than one of substantial power. It main functions include debating the issues of the day and improving certain non-tax bills inadequately considered by the Commons before they are passed into low. In some rare cases, it may delay the passage of bills approved by the Commons, but only for up to a year.The House of Commons is a democratically elected chamber with elections to it, held at least every 5 years. The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Palace of Westminster, in the City of Westminster in London. House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the UK. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 646 members. The leader of the party with the majority of seats becomes the Prime Minister, head of the government. He or she then chooses an inner cabinet of key ministers and appoints junior ministers in various ministers.Power:1.Legislative(立法权)：The House of Commons has the supreme authority of the legislation, their motion can directly get Royal Assent.2.finace power(财政权)：only the house of commons has the right to propose the motion on tax or supply(只有下议院才有权力提出税收及供应的权力)3.Suprvise the government (监督政府)：as the head of the government, if the prime minister wants to continue in office, he/she must be admitted by the House of Commons. It has the right to impeach(弹劾) the prime minister or the government. Functions: Members of Parliament are involved in considering can drafting new laws.MPs can use their position to ask government ministers questions about current issues.To supervise, or oversee finance.6、两大政党The Conservative Party: 1 relatively rich and privileged;2 maintenance of the existing institutions as itspolicy;3last word in deciding policy by its leader;4 conference for the leader’guidance but a device for making the party’s policyThe Labor Party: 1 relatively poor and underprivileged; 2 strong in the heavily-populated industrial areas and particularly associated with the working class; 3 nationwide organization, few resources and heavily depends on the trade unions; 4 conference for making the party policy(1)The Conservative Party supports free enterprise and privatization of state-owned enterprises. It is against too muchgovernment intervention, especially nationalization, which not only takes control away from the owners and builders of industry, but also leads to inefficiency. The Conservative Party favors reducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfare. It policies are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individualism. (2)The Labor Party believes in an egalitarian(平等主义的) economy, transferring wealth from the rich to the poor by meansof taxing the most affluent members of society and providing support for the poor in society. They deem the government responsible for the provision of range of public services, such as social welfare, education and public transport. The Labor government that came to power in 1945 had a major effect on British society. It set up the National Health Service to provide high quality, free health care for all, “from cradle to grave”, providing a range of welfare payments, and most controversially, it “nationalized”a wide range of industries, making a mixed economy of both private-and state-owned enterprises. The Labor Party became known as a party of high taxation.7.The Open University （开放大学）a degree-granting institution that provides courses of study for adults of all ages through television, radio, produced books, audio/video cassettes, correspondence courses and local study programmes.8. 19世纪末英国经济绝对—相对衰退Absolute Decline and Relative Decline9英国教育：四大私立中学，大学四大私立中学：Eton Harrow Rugby Winchester大学：Ancient Universities founded before the 19th centuryLondon Universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuriesRed Brick Universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuriesPlate Glass Universities founded in the 1960sThe Open Universities founded in 1968 (重点)P137New Universities created in or after 1992古老的大学：The university of Oxford(历史更久)；The university of Cambridge10 “British history has been a history of invasions”.British history has been a history of invasions. Before the 1st century AD Britain was made up of tribal kingdoms of Celtic people. They brought the central European culture to Britain. Then in 43AD, Roman Empire invaded Britain and controlled it f or slave society but also disseminated their Catholicism.However, in the 5th century, the Roman Empire rapidly waned in power and Britain was conquered by the Angles and the Saxons. In order to defend the Saxons, a great leader—King Arthur appeared. He created the "round table" to satisfy all the kni ghts' requirement of having equal precedence. Thus it gradually formed the monarchy in Britain as a more democratic system. Whether Arthur's a real person in the history or not, Anglo-Saxons did succeed in invading Britain and they were the forefathers of the English.In the 8th century, the Vikings from Denmark controlled the northern and eastern England. An Anglo-Saxon hero, king Alf red the Great fought against the Vikings with the truly English. And that's why there's a certain cultural difference between nort herners and southerners in England. Later, the Normans from northern France, under the leading of William of Normandy, kille d the king and William became the First of England. They imported a ruling class that French-speaking Norman aristocracy rule d Saxon and English-speaking population. In this condition, there weren't a lot of rebellions among the English people. That dir ectly formed an English unique character: a richly unconventional interior life hidden by an external conformity. Even today, w e can still find this personality from the British people through their lifestyles.In fact, such invasion is a peaceful history of joining together the various parts of the British Isles and the power graduall y transferred from the monarch to the parliament. So the constitutional monarchy has been established in Britain.11.English Language (s三个阶段)：old English period—middle English period---modern English period二、英国选择、填空、简答题1、The British Isles are situated in the northwest of the Europe.2、The highland zone is an area of high hills and mountains in the north and east of Britain.3、The Pennine Chain is sometimes called the backbone of England.4、The Severn River is the longest river in Britain.5、Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is the largest lake in the UK.6、The British Isles are cut off from the continent by the English Channel.7、On the north and the east, the Isles face the North Sea and on the west they face the Atlantic Ocean.8、The highland zone is cooler than the lowland zone, and receives more rainfall and less sunlight.9、The Highlands act as a divide and determine whether rivers flow west to the Irish Sea or east to the North Sea.10、The seven Conurbations in Britain contain one third of the population of the country.11、The English people are descendants of Anglo-Saxons.12、Middle English took shape about a century after the Norman Conquest.13、London dialect was once disseminated throughout the country NOT because London was a D center.A. commercialB. politicalC. printingD. linguistic14、Scotland has had a separate legal system.15、The English people are the descendants of Anglo-Saxons , while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are the descendants of the Celts.16、Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a two-party system.17、In Britain, the parliament general election is held every five years.18、The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individual.19、The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it set up the National Health Service.20、Other countries have “citizens”. But in Britain people are legally described as subject.21、Elizabeth II succeeded to the throne in 1952.22、Which of the followings in not RIGHT to describe the Prime Minister? DA The head of CabinetB The head of civil serviceC The leader of the Party in powerD The head of the country23、The third largest political party in Britain is the Liberal Party.24、The British economy achieved global dominance by 1880s.25、Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? CA. Britain remains one of the Group of Seven largest industrial economies.B. Britain has experienced a relative economic decline in 1945.C. There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.D. Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capital.26、Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK? DA. Beef cattleB. Dairy cattleC. ChichenD. Sheep27、Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK? CA. FordB. PeugeotC. RoverD.BMW28、In the aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain? The US and Russia29、Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector? BA. ShellB. ICIC. PTZD. British Gas30、”The Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire India, which provided raw material and a big market for British goods, gained independence in 1947.31、Since 1945, the UK economy has experienced relative decline rather than absolute decline.32、In recent years, Britain is second only to the US as a destination for international direct investment.33、The UK economy can be divided into three main sectors: primary industries, secondary industries and tertiary industries.34、Englishman Frank Whittle developed the world’s first jet engine in 1937.35、What kind of secondary schools now receives the largest number of students? Comprehensive schools36、Which is incorrect to describe the independent schools? CA. They are public schools. C. They are fee-free schools.B. They emphasize the importance of character training. D. Many of them are boarding schools.37、Open University communicates with its students mainly by radio, television programs, local study programmes.38、The University of Buckingham is a privately funded university in Britain.39、If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the exam called General Certificate of Education-Advanced.40、Easter commemorates the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ41、On which day is Halloween celebrated? October 3142、Where are the international tennis championships held? Wimbledon43、Which one in the following is famous for its literary and dramatic criticism? DA. The EconomistB. The SpectatorC.TribuneD. Punch44、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? CA.Enjoying the Pantomime C.Eating chocolate eggs.B.The Queen broadcasting her Christmas message D.Shopping on the Boxing Day.45、Margaret Thatcher was the United Kingdom’s first woman Prime Minister.46、Margaret Thatcher’s nickname is the Iron Lady三、知识点：美国部分1、美国简介The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and a water border with Russia.It national day is on 4th of July (Independence Day).Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States of America.George Washington is the first president.Flag: Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and the Star-Spangled Banner.The bald eagle was chosen on June 20, 1782 as the emblem.National anthem is the Star - Spangled Banner.The Great Lakes: Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.2、二战与美国America in WWII: 1 From Isolation to Intervention(隔离-干预)2 Battle Against Germany (Normandy Landing诺曼底登陆1944)3 Battle Against Japan(The Pearl Harbor incident 珍珠港事件导火线---- T he Battle of Midway 中途岛战役1942<the turning point of the war>)America After WWII:1Truman and Cold War（The Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义）2The Eisenhower Doctrine （艾森豪威尔主义）3The Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis（猪湾事件和古巴导弹危机）3、美国政治：Three Branches of the American Government(三权分立)The federal government has three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. Through a system of separation of powers and the system of "checks and balances," each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, some authority to regulate the other two branches, and has some of its own authority, in turn, regulated by the other branches. The policies of the federal government have a broad impact on both the domestic and foreign affairs of the United States. In addition, the powers of the federal government as a whole are limited by the Constitution.The legislative branch consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives, collectively known as the Congress. There are 100 senators; each state has two. Each state has a different number of representatives, with the number determined by the state's population. At present, there are 435 members of the House. The legislative branch, as a whole, is charged with passing the nation's laws and allocating funds for the running of the federal government and providing assistance to the 50 U.S. states.The executive branch The chief executive of the United States is the President, who, together with the vice president, is elected to a four-year term. A crucial function of the executive branch is to ensure that laws are carried out and enforced to facilitate such day-to-day responsibilities of the federal government as collecting taxes, safeguarding the homeland and representing the United States' political and economic interests around the world.The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the only court specifically created by the Constitution. Thejudicial branch consists of the United States Supreme Court and lower federal courts. Its primary function is to hear cases that challenge legislation or require interpretation of that legislation. The U.S. Supreme Court has nine Justices, who are chosen by the President, confirmed by the Senate, and have a lifetime appointment.4、美国宗教特征: Distinctive Characteristics1.freedom and toleration2.pluralism and diversity3.prospects5、美国教育：The Ivy League（常春藤联）:Harvard UniversityYale University University of Pennsylvania Princeton University Columbia University Brown University Cornell University Dartmouth College四．美国题目1.The United States has altogether fifty states.2.Alaska is the largest state in land area and Rhode Island the smallest.3.Before their conversion to farmland, the Great Plains were noted for their extensive grasslands.4.The longest river in America is Missouri River.ke Superior has the largest surface area of any freshwater lake in the world.6.The climate of the United States, as a whole, can be classified as temperate.7.The Great Plains and Midwest, due to the contrasting air masses, sees frequent severe thunderstorms andtornado outbreaks during spring and summer.8.One natural disaster that frequents the country are hurricanes, which can hit anywhere along the Gulf Coastor the Atlantic Coast as well as Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.9.The American Northwest sees the highest concentration of active volcanoes in the United States, inWashington, Oregon and northern California along the Cascade Mountains.10.America has plenty of fertile soil. Farmlands in the United States make up about 12% of the arable lands inthe world, and they are among the richest and most productive ones.11.The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico, and a water border with Russia.12.The United States secured its independence from Great Britain in 1783.13.The United States ranks as the fourth largest country in the world after Russia, Canada, and China.14.The five Great Lakes are located in the north-central portion of the country, four of them forming part ofthe border with Canada.15.Of the 13 British colonies only Connecticut and Rlode Island.16.The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives from all the colonies EXCEPT DA. DelawareB.PennsylvaniaC.MassachusettsD.Georgia17.The victory of Saratoga was the turning point of the War of Inpendence.18.When the Second War of Inpendence broke out in 1812, the US President was James Madison.19.The Mexican territories annexed by US and as a result of the Mexican War include the following statesEXCEPT AA.OregonB.TexasC. CaliforniaD.Arizona20.Which of the following is NOT the measure taken by Lincoln’s Administration in 1862 to change the situationand win the Civil War? DA.The passage of the Homestead Act.B.The issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation.C.The allowance of Negroes to join the Union Army.D.The ordering of the Union Army to take over Richmond.21.The US imperialism was marked by all the following EXCEPT CA.highly developed industryB.high concentration of capitalC.free business competitionD.overseas territorial expansion22.When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to observestrict neutrality.23.The Post-WWII program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as Marshall Plan.24.Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. advocated the philosophy of nonviolence.。
英美文化入门
相关介绍
• 另外由于原著故事实在太长太复杂，编剧 被逼删改不少剧情，其中更把重心放在摩 西和王子中间，本来在原著内颇有名声的 Miriam和Aaron（亚伦）则沦为大配角，这 点比较可惜。因为Miriam和Aaron在原著中 亦有不少值得一拍的故事。不过碍于电影 片长有限，这亦无可口非。
• 众所周知，交际的基础是语言，正确交际 的保障是文化 ,由于我们的文化认同迥异于 西方，有些语言所传递的信息是完全不能 按照我们中国人的文化理念去理解和接纳 的。例如：
Why 文化差异
• 1.地域文化差异
• 主要指地理环境、自然环境方面的文化。 受自然环境的影响，不同民族在对同一事 物的认识上存在差异。例如：
Why
• 2.民族文化差异 • 民族文化是指由历史发展和社会遗产所形
成的文化，各个民族由于其历史发展各异， 在其漫长的民族历史长河中所形成的文化 也不相同 .例如： • 在西方，特别是在美国，人们极端崇拜个 人主义（individualism），注重个人奋斗， 崇尚自我价值的实现。所以提倡个人奋斗、 个人成功已成为美国社会的文化核心。因 此，在英语词典中以self为前缀的合成词超 过了100个，也就不足为奇了。
第一堂 课程的目的
• 1.主要通过多媒体教学手段，帮助大家了解 英美两国的国家概况，文学历史，风俗习 惯、社会教育等基础知识，
• 2.同时还要采取适当方法增加大家的阅读量 和词汇量，提高英语水平.
• 3.通过学习培养大家理性地宽容地对待异国 文化的态度，培养大家的跨文化交际能力。
Why 文化差异
Answer
• 总之，我们可以得出结论，不了解英美文 化，不了解其和中国文化的差异，要学好 英语是不可能的。反过来说，越深刻细致 地了解所学语言国家的历史、文化、传统、 风俗习惯、生活方式，就越能正确理解和 准确地使用这一语言。
英美文化基础教程lecture1
• To improve your English listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities through classroom activities and after-class assignments
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Map of Europe
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• Britain--- It is the short form for Great Britain. Officially it should be the Great Britain.
• The island of Great Britain is divided into three parts: England （ English)in the south, Scotland(Scottish) in the north and Wales(Welsh) in the Southwest.
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Classroom Activities
• lecture • video/audio clips • discussion • presentation
Let’s work hard together and have fun!
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Requirements and Grading
• Students are required to attend the class constantly and behave actively in class. Every time there will be certain amount of assignments for you to finish, including reading the textbook, class presentation, finishing the exercises, etc.. Students should always finish the assignments on time. All of these mentioned above are directly related to your scores.
A级大英4P5英美文化基础课件3
• 3. The Church of England is the established church in England, and the British monarch is ___t_h_e_S_u_p_r_e_m_e__G_o_ve_r_n_o_r____of the Church.
• 4. The Church of Scotland is the official church in Scotland, and the British monarch is ____a_n_o_r_d_in_a_r_y_m_e_m__b_er_____ of the church.
• 5. Within manufacturing, the production of automotive or _a_e_r_o_sp_a_c_e_e_q_u_ip_m__en_t__ is a major contributor to industries in Britain.
• 6. In the sector of services, ___f_i_n_an_c_e__a_nd__b_a_n_k_in_g____ are by far the most important.
conditions.
UK Chapter5
Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks. 1. After the Romans conquered England and
Wales,___C_h_r_is_t_ia_n_it_y___ became widespread in England.
2. The United Kingdom has two established churches: the Church of England and ___t_he__C_h_u_rc_h__o_f_S_c_o_t_la_n_d___.
英美文化基础第二章The People
4
5
The Warrior of Vikings
6
7
The Vikings’ Castle
诺曼底征服
• 1066年诺曼底公爵渡海征服英格兰。 • 对英国历史的发展产生了深远的影响，封 建制度从欧洲大陆带到了英格兰。 法国人。French Normans another ethnic component. (last major group )
Language Approx total Language Approx total
English
Greek French
608,500
6,300 5,600
German
Japanese
Regionalism
英国人口中百分之八十是英格兰人，其他是 苏格兰人、威尔士人和爱尔兰人。英语是官方语 言，但许多人不讲英语，在威尔士讲凯尔特语， 在苏格兰高原有八万人左右讲盖尔语。
•The formation of Modern English
Because of the aggressions from Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Vikings, English was deeply affected by the Germanic dialects(日耳曼方言） and the language of the Danes（丹麦语）. Then from the 11th to 14th century ,under the French-speaking Norman kings, a hybrid speech combining Anglo-Saxons and Norman French elements developed and gradually became the official language known as Middle English. This hybrid language ,along with many additions from many other language in the world, subsequently evolved into modern English.
英美文化基础第一章The Country
※Great Britain (England, Scotland, and the principality of Wales. )
※Northern Ireland (also known as Ulster)
※Numerous smaller islands
Northern Ireland
William Wordsworth
a romantic oet
appointed poet laureate in 1843
Living in the Lake district after 1797
（1770—1850）
Dove Cottage was the home of William Wordsworth (1770 - 1850), one of the earliest and perhaps greatest, of the English Romantic poets.
The Lake District
Pastoral scene in Lake District
The north and west --- highlands.
The east and southeast --- lowlands
Geographical features
LOGO
rivers
The longest river in England: River Severn
（220 miles，354 km)
English Channel
Scotland Administrative divisions
The official title of the UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
英美文化基础教程 lecture 4
❖ E. Redemption （救赎） eternal life （永生）
❖ F. Last Judgment（末日审判）
❖ G. Ethnics (Virtues)
love, unceasing forgiveness, brotherhood among members, honesty, obligation
❖ Jesus‘ teaching was revolutionary. He challenged the established religious authorities to repent from their self-righteousness and hypocrisy and realize that the Kingdom of God is rooted in service and love. Jesus’ teachings stirred the hearts of people and created instability, something the Jewish religious authorities feared.
❖ P.S. 还有一种说法为十三门徒，包括“圣保罗”， 而犹大位列十三，这也是为什么13在西方是个不祥 的数字。
Ⅲ. The Bible/ Scripture- the holy book of Christianity
❖ A. the Old Testament（旧约)
❖ It’s about God and the Laws of God( Ten commandments 十戒)and the history of Hebrews( ancestors of the Jews)
❖Q2: What do you know about Christianity?
英美文化基础教程 笔记总结(美国部分)
1.A tlantic to Pacific1.the diversity of the physical conditions in the United Statesin its vast area, the United stated comprehends most of the physical conditions know to men: heat and cold, forest and desert, tropical swamp and Arctic waste, mountains and endless plains, empty spaces and megalopolis, and the world`s largest river system.2.the diversity of the people in the United StatesDiversity of the people themselves is immense: people come from the different country, and their origins and ethnic backgrounds are different.Differences between the first generation of immigrants and the long established Americans, as well as the differences between different generation immigrants. And even they differ according to the degree of intermarriage.3.How has the Republic of the United States grown in terms of area since the time of itsfoundation in the 1780s?The original Union consisted of 13 states↓1792 Kentucky 1796 Tennessee were add↓1830 Ohio was added↓1912 Arizona was added -----the last one4.What are some if the characteristics of the uniformity in American culture? What contributedto the uniformity?a.The lack of cultural difference among the regions, because all these varied peoples arescattered everywhere, with only minor local ethnic concentrationsb.The lack of real regional or class variety in speech or usage is one of the characteristics ofuniformity .The English Language is virtually universal in its American form. Regional variations of accent are slight.c.Another instance of uniformity is in habits and ways of living. They share the same ideas,ideals and objectives.d.The fact that the United States has always been a single unit, with no tariffs to restricttrade, has contributed to uniformity.5.New Englanda.New England refers to the north-eastern six states: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, an area running from Canadian shore o New Yorkb.This area resembles old England in many ways, and the southern section is the mostEnglish.c.Some of the earliest settlement in American history was in this area. This part of thecounty is small-scale, long-established and urban.6.New York citya.It is the commercial capital of the United Statesb.It is at the southernmost tip of the New York Statec.It is composed of five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Richmond andQueen`s, with Manhattan Island as its center.d.It is well-known for such places as Wall Street, the Empire State Building, Harlem andCentral Park7.the Mid-Atlantic areagenerally located between New England and the South Atlantic States. The region often includes Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Washington D.C., New York, Virginia, and West Virginia. North Carolina is sometimes also included.8.the Southa.it refers to the area across the Potomac River and southwards down the Atlantic coastb.this was slave-owning area before the Civil War and mainly produced tobacco and cottonc.Economically these states are notoriously backward, but more recently there has been anindustrial development, helped by federal plans and hydro-electric power9.the middle Westa.it described the north-eastern part of the central plain, or the north-eastern quarter of theUnited States except for the states close to the Atlanticb.in terms of political geography, it refers to these states: Illinois, Michigan, Indiana,Wisconsin and Ohio and so onc.first developed for farming, these states include huge, sparsely-populated open spacesd.Chicago and Detroit are two of the big industrial cities in this area.10.the Great Plain statesa.characteristics: empty, featureless, monotonous and vastb.Location: run from the Gulf of Mexico in the south up to the Canadian border and thebeyond.c.Containing: North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas* Detroit, Michigan, home of the great American goal, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler11.the state of Texasa.the third most populated state in the United Statesb.well-known for its cowboys and cattlec.famous for the millionaires, the brashness and the violence12.the Mississippi Rivera.the biggest river system in the USb.it flows down to the New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexicoc.Ohio and Missouri Rivers are branches of the Mississippi.13.the Western statesRefers to the states of Arizona, New Mexico and Nevada* The most significant representation of the modern American is the Pacific coast especially the southern part.14.the characteristic of Californiait is at the southern part of the Pacific coast ;it has the biggest population in the US; it has the world-famous Hollywood15.the search for California dreama.California is blessed with attractive scenery and mild climateb.It has the fertile land for the growing of oranges and grapesc.And more important still are the electronics industry, aeroplane factories, defence plantsof many kind , and a whole new industrial complex in this aread.Therefore, California is regarded as the promised land by many people to fulfill theirgoals16. Washington, D.C.The capital of the United States, on the Potomac between Maryland and Virginia: coextensive with the District of Columbia.。
首都师范大学外国语言学及应用语言学专业复习指导
专业课复习指导(20’)1. 复习资料使用说明（参考书目和真题）参考书一共是4本，都是应对英语专业知识考试用的，其中一本是《英美文化基础教程》，对应的考题是英美概况，文学方面有两本参考书，一本是《英国文学作品选读》，另一本是《美国文学欣赏》，语言学方面有一本参考书，《简明英语语言学教程》。
下面给大家详细地讲讲参考书目的使用方法。
《英美文化基础教程》编得比较繁琐，看过一遍后觉得什么都是重点，什么都不是重点，让人摸不着头脑，这就是这本书的不好之处，但是它有课后题，这些题目一定要做，答案在相应的章节都能找到，虽然在近几年都没出过原题，但是这些课后题的知识点还是要掌握的。
这本书还有配套的《英美文化基础教程学习手册》，上面列的东西比较清晰，大家不妨买来看看。
但是，掌握了这本书，要应对考试却远远不够，下面推荐几个我觉得不错的书，大家可以买来看看：1.《英美概况》来安方编，河南人民出版社。
我考研时一个学姐推荐我看这本书的，觉得还不错。
2. 《英美概况(上下)》张奎武，吉林科学技术出版社。
3. 《新编英美概况教程(第2版)》周波麟、C.W.Pollard、June Almes 北京大学出版社(2009-04出版) 4. 《你不可不知道的英语学习背景知识:英美民间故事与民俗(新版)》，郝澎，南海出版公司。
这是一套书，由好几册书组成，内容很多，里面有很多小故事，因为是我们系出这个英美概况题目的老师郝澎编写的，所以我们考研时就把这套书都翻了一遍。
两本文学方面的书都比较薄，里面选择的作家和名篇较少，但就是因为少，所以才凸显了这些出现的名家名篇都是重点中的重点，每个时期前的介绍都要好好看，文学有些选择题会出自这一块，比如讲英国浪漫主义时期前，前面会有一段历史方面的介绍，这部分一定要仔细地看。
掌握了这两本书，要应对考试也还是远远不够的，所以下面我再推荐几本书，以便大家复习：1. 《新编英国文学选读(上，下)》罗经国，北京大学出版社。
校本课程英美文化教案(共8课时)
校本课程英美文化教案张文静Unit 1 The Britain备课人：张文静本课内容：The Britain教学目的: 了解文化的概念；同时对英国有一个总体上的了解。
教学意义: 帮助学生了解主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。
教学重点: 文化的概念；英国基本情况。
教学难点: 英国概况教学方式：以电子课件为主，辅以少量板书的课堂讲授。
教学内容: 1.什么是文化？2.英国概况课堂板书:1. Culture-the foundation of communication2. The four parts of UK3. Main cities of EnglandLondonBirmingham-second largest city of England.Liverpool-second largest port of EnglandManchester- industrial and commercial centre.Part One文化是什么？文化即是人们所思,所言(言语和非言语),所为,所觉的总和.文化是无处不在的,具体说来,包括社会生活的一切方面,如:价值观念,生活行为方式,社会规范等,乃至艺术,政治,经济, 教育,修养,文学,语言,思想等.Part Two英国概况：国旗、国徽、国花、国歌政要教育饮食旅游本课内容：Holidays and festivals in UK.教学目的：了解英国主要节日教学意义：了解英国主要节日及节日期间举行的活动，培养学生热爱各种文化的意识。
教学重难点：节日习俗教学方式：ppt展示、视频观看、小组活动教学内容：万圣节1、来源2、习俗（1）化妆（2）做南瓜灯（3）“妖魔鬼怪”翩翩起舞（4）不请客就捣乱（Trick or treat）3、学生活动：画出最可怕的南瓜灯或面具，小组评比。
本课内容：Holidays and festivals in UK.教学目的：了解英国主要节日教学意义：了解英国主要节日及节日期间举行的活动，培养学生热爱各种文化的意识。
英美文化Unit 5
英美文化教程Unit 5Chapter 5 Industry, Agriculture and BusinessI. Focal PointsII. Questions and Answers on the TextI. When did Britain emerge as the world's greatest political and economic influence?Britain emerged as the world's greatest political and economic influence in the second half of the nineteenth century.2. What did the economic theory of mercantilism hold?The economic theory of mercantilism held that the acquisition of gold and silver, in payment for goods exported, increased the wealth of a nation.3. According to the above theory, how could a country become wealthy and self-sufficient?Only by an excess of exports over imports could a country grow wealthy and self-sufficient.4. How did Britain obtain gold and silver from other countries?Britain obtained gold and silver by selling its surplus products abroad.5. What were the two companies mentioned by the author as great trading companies under the theory of mercantilism?The two companies were the Hudson's Bay Company of Canada and the East India Company of India.6. In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin first?The Industrial Revolution began first in Britain.7. Why was Britain in a unique position to benefit from free trade?Because Britain could use new and more efficient manufacturing methods and sell goods at the cheapest prices overseas.8. What were the principal energy resources in Britain at the end of the eighteenth century?The principal energy resources were coal and water power.9. What is one of the oldest and most basic of all industries in Britain?It is coal-mining.10. Why did factories come into being?Because it was more economical to manufacture goods under one large roof, where power could be concentrated, rather than in the small rooms and back-yards of thousands of individual workers.11. What did the Luddites do in the early 1800s?They smashed and destroyed new factory machinery.12. Why did they do that?Because they thought that factory machines had robbed them of their jobs.13. Why were there many critics condemning industrialization and mechanization in the nineteenth century?Because many people believed that the immigration of workers from the more natural life of the countryside to the unhealthy, crowded conditions of industrial areas would bring grave social problems.14. Who most severely attacked the Industrial Revolution?The poet William Blake.15. What did the industrialization bring to Britain?It brought Britain many economic advantages and made it an exceedingly rich and powerful nation.16. Who suffered behind the achievements of industrialization?Working people suffered most. They were forced to work long hours for meagre wages and to live in squalid, crowded housing, crowded together.17. What factors influenced the location of industry in Britain?The factors included ready availability of power and raw materials as well as easy access to transport facilities and ports.18. What kind of industrial area is extremely vulnerable to economic hardship in time of depression?An area that is totally dependent on one industry alone is extremely vulnerable to economic hardship in time of depression, when demand for that particular industry's products falls.19. Are there any state-run industries in Britain?Yes, there are.20. What is the position of industries nationalized in Britain' s mixed economy?Nationalized industries account for 10 per cent of the Gross National Product, 8 per cent of all employees and yet almost 20 percent of total industrial investment.21. Why did Napoleon once call the British "a nation of shop-keepers" ?Because the United Kingdom had many small businesses.22. Give three examples of Britain's top industrial giants.British Petroleum; Shell Transport and Trading; Imperial Chemical Industries.23. Why did the government set up a Monopolies and Mergers Commission in 1973？Because the government wanted to prevent the emergence of monopoly.24. How has the pattern of British industry changed since the Second World War?Manufacturing industries have declined and service industries have grown.25. What has caused an economic imbalance between different parts of Britain?It has been caused by a decline in demand for products from some of the older traditional industries, and has led to unemployment and migration of workers.26. What measures have been taken to halt the regional decline?In order to halt the regional decline, successive governments since 1945 have encouraged new industrial development in the affected areas.27. What has the discovery and exploitation of oil and gas in the North Sea resulted in?It has created thousands of new jobs and has also involved many ancillary industries. 28. Is agriculture one of Britain's most important industries?Yes, it is.29. How is the farm efficiency in Britain?The farm efficiency in Britain is one of the highest in the world.30. What does the EEC stand for?It stands for the European Economic Community.31. Why are British farmers dissatisfied with the EEC agricultural policy?Because they believe that their efficient agriculture is having to support uneconomic farming in some other parts of the Community.32. Apart from agriculture, what is the other productive British industry which has had to reduce its activities because of EEC policies?It is fishing.33. How is the oil supply in Britain?Britain is now self-sufficient in oil, and is even an oil exporter.34. What are invisible earnings?Invisible earnings are the wealth created by Britain' s service industries.35. Which are now greater in Britain in terms of output and employment, manufacturing enterprises or non-manufacturing businesses?Non-manufacturing businesses are greater both in terms of out-put and employment.36. What are the three main groups that invisible earnings fall into?The three groups are: receipts and payments for service supplied abroad; interest, profits and dividends arising out of British investment overseas; foreign currency brought into the country by tourists.37. What is the City of London?The City of London is the oldest part of London and ranks as one of the world's most important financial centres. It contains the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange, Lloyd' s and other famous trading and financial organizations.38. What is the main activity 'in the City?The City's main activity is buying and selling commodities, services and finance for commercial investment,, as well as stocks and shares in all kinds of businesses and industries throughout the world.39. On what condition can a person operate on the "trading floor" of the Stock Exchange?To operate on the 'trading floor' of the Stock Exchange, a person must be elected a member and either be a stock broker or a jobber.40. What is the Stock Exchange which has the greatest turnover in the world?The Stock Exchange in London has the greatest turnover in the world.41. What is the motto of the Stock Exchange?The motto of the Stock Exchange is "my word is my bond".42. What is the motto of Lloyd's the famous insurance brokers?The motto of Lloyd's is "With the utmost faith"--"Fidentia".43. What does the Bank of England do?It prints and issues currency notes and also controls the country's gold reserves.44. Why is the Bank of England nicknamed "the Old Lady of Threadneedle Street" ?Because it stands in a street called Threadneedle.III. Explanations1. mercantilism(1) It was an economic theory practised by British government in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. (2) It held that the acquisition of gold and silver, in payment for goods exported, increased the wealth of a nation. (3) Only by an excess of exports over imports could a country grow wealthy and self-sufficient. (4) Britain sold its surplus products abroad for gold and silver through extensive trade.2. Luddites(1) They were a group of workers against machines in the early 1800s in Britain. (2) They smashed and destroyed new factory machinery, because they believed that factory machines had robbed them of their jobs.3. William Blake(1) He was a British poet in the nineteenth century. (2) He attacked industrialization severely in his poem Jerusalem. (3) He referred to factories as 'dark satanic mills' and accused them of polluting 'England's green and pleasant land'.4. Britain' s mixed economy(1) In Britain's mixed economy, nationalized industries account for only 10 percent of the Gross National Product. (2) The economy is largely in private hands. (3) One tenth of the economy is controlled by foreign commercial interests.5. British Agriculture(1) Agriculture is one of the country' s most important industries. (2) Farm efficiency and production have increased greatly over recent years in spite of the decline in manpower. (3) It has one of the highest output per worker in the world. (4) British farmers are dissatisfied with the EEC agricultural policy because they believe that they are supporting uneconomic farming in other parts of the EEC.6. Invisible earnings(1) The wealth created by Britain' s service industries is called invisible earnings. (2) Invisible earnings fall into three main groups: receipts and payments for services supplied abroad; interest, profits and dividends arising out of British investment overseas; and foreign currency brought into the country by visiting tourists. (3) Britain's invisible earnings are second only to that of the United States.7. the City of London(1) It is the oldest part of the capital and ranks as one of the world's most important financial centres. (2) It contains the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange, important industries and many of the world's top commodity market, etc. (3) Its main activity is buying and selling commodities, services and finance for commercial investment, as well as stocks and shares in all kinds of businesses and industries throughout the world.8. the Bank of England(1) It is the nation's central bank. (2) It is run by a governor and a group of directors appointed by the Crown. (3) It prints and issues currency notes and controls the country' s gold reserves.9. the Stock Exchange(1) It is the largest and most important stock exchange in Britain and in the world (2) It has a greater turnover than any other market in the world. (3) Its motto is ' My word is my bond'. (4) It has a history of more than two hundred years.10 . Britain's Industrial Revolution(1) The Industrial Revolution took place first in Britain in the eighteenth century. (2) The Industrial Revolution owed a great deal to the invention of the steam engine. Factories came into being because they brought about more benefits to the owners. (3) The revolution brought many economic advantages to Britain and made Britain an exceedingly rich and powerful nation, but it also caused some social problems. (4) The successes and achievements of industrialization were founded on the exploitation of working people.。
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英美文化基础教程
作者：朱永涛
出版社：外语教学与研究出版社
类别：不限
英美文化基础教程的简介
本书是为成为自学考试英语专业应试者, 全书分英国文化和美国文化两大部分,美国部分十一章,地理环境,政府制度,文学,风俗习惯,家庭生活,新闻媒介,种族关系及社会问题等,并通过用英语学习文化知识提高外语水平,编者在选材时注意了下列两个方面:1,尽量选用内容丰富,
书本出处：英美文化基础教程的PDF电子书下载
英美文化基础教程的内容预览
Part OneBritish Calture1.Who Are the British?2.English History3.Which English?4.British Government System5.Industry，Agriculture and Business6.English Literature7.Religion and Beliefs8.Character and cation10.The Welfare State11.The Press，Radio and Television12.The Commonwealth Part TwoAmerican Culture1.Atlantic to Pacific2.American History3.The Forms of Government4.American Literature5.Religion6.The American Character7.American Education8.American Family Life9.Thanksgiving and Christmas10.Race and Ethnic Relations11.Social Problems in the United States
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