风光奇特的女性心灵世界_对_呼啸山庄_的女性主义解读_江晓雯
《呼啸山庄》中女性人物比较研究
《呼啸山庄》中女性人物比较研究《呼啸山庄》是19世纪英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特的传世之作，也是她唯一的一部小说。
小说通过对凯瑟琳母女的描写展现了作者对维多利亚时期女性的自我追求和女性爱情婚姻观的独特见解。
凯瑟琳母女在角色，人物形象方面有某些相似之处。
然而因为她们是两个不同的个体，凯茜在生长环境，性格方面与其母亲有极大的差异，两人的爱情婚姻及自我追求也不尽相同。
本文将从凯瑟琳母女的比较研究入手，从性格，生长环境，爱情和自我追求等方面对两代女主人公进行剖析，以期更深地了解作者的写作意图。
The book Wuthering Heights told us a story about love and revenge: Heathcliff was an abandoned boy and was adopted by Mr.Eamshaw; he lived with Mr.Eamshaw’s son Hindley and daughter Catherine. Hindley disliked Heathcliff; he insulted and maltreated him in every possible way after Mr.Eamshaw’s death. At the same time, Heathcliff and Catherine fell in love with each other. But at last, Catherine decided to marry Edgar for the reason of vanity and ignorance. Three years later, Heathcliff returned to revenge. He succeeded in annexing all the property of Hindley’s and Linton’s. He also married Edgar’s sister Isabella and persecuted her. Soon after, Catherine died of dystocia. After Catherine’s daughter Cathy grew old, Heathcliff forced her to marry his son Linton who was going to die soon. Finally he pocketed the property of Linton’s. However, Catherine’s ghost always pestered him and he died in mental disorder. At last, Cathy and Hareton inherited The Heights and the Grange, they fell in love with each other and made their home in Thrushcross Grange.Wuthering Heights was written in the Victorian Age of English literature. At that time, female writers like Bronte sisters began to write on behalf of the women at that age and expresstheir own thoughts and opinions.The author Emily Bronte (1818-1848) was a famous female writer in English literature. She was born in Thornton, Yorkshire and moved to Haworth with her family two years later. She was the sister of Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855), who wrote Jane Eyre, Shirley, Villette and The Professor, and of Anne Bronte (1820-1849), who wrote Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Her only close friends were her brother Branwell and her sisters Charlotte and Anne. Emily had a brief and unhappy spell of education at the Clergy Daughters’School at Cowan Bridge with her four sisters. When her two sisters died there a year later of Tuberculosis, she and Charlotte returned home. For their mother died very early and father was a quiet man who always spent his time alone, Emily and her sisters spent their time in reading books. Emily entered Miss Wooler’s school at Roe Head in 1835, but she soon returned home because of profound homesick and illness. In 1842, she accompanied Charlotte to study in Brussels, but returned home later that year too. During her lifetime she spent most of the time studying at home in Haworth. Emily began to write poems at an early age and in 1846 she published twenty-one poems together with the poems by Charlotte and Anne. In 1847, her only long novel Wuthering Heights was published. This book gained mixed reviews at that time and was soon lauded as an original and innovative tragic romance.Wuthering Heights was Emily Bronte’s masterpiece and has gained a worldwide reputation in literature. It was a masterpiece that can be understood and studied in various ways. While reading this novel, people often neglect that it was written by a woman. Perhaps we may obtain a new explanation if we analyzethis book from the feminine angle. In this novel, Emily ingeniously described two kinds of love by showing the difficulties Catherine and Cathy faced in their ways of seeking for love and marriage and how they dealt with them. Through these two female characters she created, Emily introduced her point of view on woman’s attitude towards love and their pursuit of self-realization.In Wuthering Heights there were two female characters playing significant roles throughout the plot development, they were Catherine Enshaw (Catherine for short) and Catherine Linton (Cathy for short). Since they were mother and daughter, they had several points in common, but under the influence of some external factors they also had some differences. My dissertation will do a comparative study of these two female characters from their similarities and differences.1. SimilaritiesSince Cathy was Catherine’s daughter, she inherited her mother’s beauty, personality and consciousness of resistance. Therefore, the author thought the mother and her daughter mainly have three points in common.1.1 Role in the novelCathy was Catherine’s daughter and also the continuing of her. After her mother’s death, she inherited her mother’s role in the novel and finished the love triangle that started with her mum.Catherine was the heroine of the first generation and all the plots were launched from her. The novel included the history of her narcissism, rebellion and revenge. The “narcissism”here referred to Catherine’s protection of her self-consciousness、independence and the true self that was not fettered by themale-dominated society. Actually she was the spiritual tutor of Heathcliff who was firmly controlled by her from the beginning to the end. She reconstructed Heathcliff according to her own soul and crazily fell in love with him. In fact, the one she loved was herself, Heathcliff was only another divided self of her. Catherine was also aware of the varieties of inhibition she met as a woman in the male-dominated society. However, she didn’t want to compromise, she rebelled. At last, she decided to choose the death of the body instead of the death of the soul. Her soul was free again and roamed in the moors which belonged to her. After her death, the history of her rebellion began. Heathcliff was her tool to revenge. By Heathcliff, Catherine defeated Hindly and captured the Wuthering Heights which used to belong to him. Then she forced the legal heir Hareton to become a boorish servant, which was undoubtedly a ridicule with malice toward the male-dominated society.Cathy was the heroine of the second generation, she continued to impel the development of the plot after her mother’s death. She followed her mother to pursue the self-realization and to rebel against the male-dominated society. After she visited the Wuthering Heights, she fell in love with her younger cousin Linton. When she knew Linton well, her love changed into pity and sympathy. Heathcliff forced her into marrying Linton and her marriage became a nightmare. However, Cathy never gave up, she dared to rebel against Heathcliff. Her pursuit of true love never stopped. In her love with Hareton, she took the initiative over everything. It was her that led this uncommon affection and reconstructed him on her own intention. She taught Hareton to read and even tried to incite the conflict between Hareton and Heathcliff. To some extent, she played the role as Hareton’sspiritual tutor. The love between Cathy and Hareton was no doubt a complete ending. Cathy gained the perfect love that her mother never gained and resumed to use her mother’s family name Enshaw, Catherine Enshaw→Catherine Linton→Catherine Heathcliff→Catherine Enshaw, life has been continued in this circulation.1.2 Dual personalityBoth Catherine and Cathy have dual personalities. Catherine was full of wildness and passion, paid more attention to the feeling instead of the social ethic of that time. But since she came from a rich, noble family she was inevitably under the influence of traditional social morality. Before her visit to Thrushcross Grange, she was such a wild little savage without any graceful manners. But the life in Thrushcross Grange changed her a lot, at least in her appearance and manner. “Instead of a wild, hatless little savage jumping into the house, and rushing to squeeze us all breathless, there lighted from a handsome black pony a very dignified person.”(Emily Bronte 1992) She looked like a lady with graceful manners. However this change was superficial, at the bottom of her heart, she was still the wild little savage. So gradually she adopted a dual personality. “In the place where she had heard Heathcliff termed a ‘vulgar young ruffian,’ and ‘worse than a brute,’ she took care not to act like him; but at home she had small inclination to practise politeness that would only be laughed at, and restrain an unruly nature when it would bring her neither credit nor praise.”(Emily Bronte 1992) But sometimes her hidden nature gave off like sparks. The scene that can mostly represent her true character was the one that she got ill after brawling with Edgar because of Heathcliff. Her behavior was so crazy and she even dreamed that she had gone back toWuthering Heights, she was still that “half savage and hardy, and free girl.” The Catherine’s body was in Trushcross Grange, while her soul was still left in Wuthering Heights forever.Liked her father, Cathy was very gentle but she also inherited the personality of wildness from her mother. As we know, Cathy spent her childhood in the paradise—Trushcross Grange. Under the instruction of her kind father Edgar, she had grown according to the standards of the male-dominated society. “She could be soft and mild as a dove, and she had a gentle voice and pensive expression: her anger was never furious; her love never fierce: it was deep and tender.” (Emily Bronte 1992) However, we can still gleamingly see Catherine’s character in her, such as class prejudice. Take her attitude toward Hareton for example, Hareton was an illiterate man with little money, poor education and without good manners. Though he treated Cathy friendly, Cathy despised him initially and even denied the fact that he was her cousin. From this point, Cathy still held class prejudice, which wasn’t the only thing she inherited from her mother. She also was impetuous tempered, stubborn and sensitive. It was her impetuous temper that made her go to Wuthering Heights secretly when her father was out and it changed her life. It was her sensitivity that made her love different from other women at that time. She dared to search for her true love and started the love initiatively.1.3 Consciousness of rebelling the male-dominated societyBoth of them are consciousness of rebelling against the male-dominated society. Wuthering Heights was the epitome of the male-dominated society, the owners of the Heights (Hindly﹑Heathcliff) have the most authority, women were of disadvantaged status. But Catherine and Cathy weren’t afraid ofnoble males, they were so brave that they dare to resist male authority to defend their own rights.The authority that Catherine faced was her brother Hindley who hated Heathcliff and tried every method to destroy the relation between Catherine and Heathcliff. Finally, one day Catherine wrote these words in her dairy, “Hindley is a detestable substitute- his conduct to Heathcliff is atrocious-H. and I are going to rebel-we took our initiatory step this evening.”(Emily Bronte 1992) This was undoubtedly the announcement of the challenge to male authority.The attitude Cathy took while facing the hegemony of Heathcliff was just like her mother’s way toward Hindly. In the face of Heathcliff’s trick and crackdown, she said: “‘I’m not afraid of you!’…She stepped close up; her black eyes flashing with passion and resolution.”(Emily Bronte 1992) Thus, the common characteristic of Catherine and Cathy emerged vividly: doughty, indocile and energetic.2. DifferencesThough Catherine and Cathy were mother and Daughter, they were two different individual and formed their own attitude towards the world and the value of life. This dissertation will analyze the differences between them from four aspects.2.1 Wuthering Heights vs. Thrushcross GrangeCatherine and Cathy were brought up in two totally different environments. Catherine lived in Wuthering Heights which stood for primitivity while Cathy was grown up in Thrushcross Grange which was on behalf of civilization. Wuthering Heights was free ﹑barbaric and uncivilized, but Trushcross Grange was civilized and received social restraint. The different living background resulted in Catherine and Cathy’s different personalities,different values of life and their different attitudes toward the world.Actually one of the differences has been manifested from their childhood, they formed their different attitudes toward books. In Catherine’s childhood, she loved to play with Heathcliff. She was a little tameless, fractious and even barbaric. She didn’t like reading at all what she loved most was to roam, to have a scamper or to play on the moors. She laughed at The Bible, hurled it into the dog kennel and vowed that she hated this good book. She even didn’t go to church on Sundays. The musty and dilapidated volumes on the ledge of Catherine’s bedroom also showed that she didn’t like reading at all. However, Cathy was different from her mother. She was brought up in the circle of adults instead of being accompanied by the children, hence she adopted a character that was totally different from her mother. She didn’t have a mother ever since she was born, lucky, she still has a father who loved her very much. “Curiosity and a quick intellect urged her into an apt scholar.”(Emily Bronte 1992) Cathy developed such a love of books that she later called them her treasures and mentioned that they were written on her brain and printed in her heart. In her opinion, all the books were very holy no matter it was a prose or a poem. She cannot bear the days without any books in Wuthering Heights. As to her, life would be meaningless if there was no book for her to read. Books were the way for humans to evolve from primitivity to civilization. From the different attitude that Catherine and Cathy took toward books we can see that the life style they pursued was different too.The Linton family lived a civilized life. Compared with the people who lived in Wuthering Heights, the Linton family had ahigher status in society. This may because that the Linton family received better education than the people living in Wuthering Heights. The level of education that Catherine and Cathy received influenced their life deeply. Catherine received little education, as a result, the lack of education simply served as a crude physical barrier cutting her off from the world she sought to enter. It also reflected primarily and specifically on failures in her education, which, far from leading her forward, has cruelly held her back. The lack of education also did harm to her marriage. After she married Edgar, she could hardly sympathize with her husband’s studious pursuits. In fact, she got angry when she heard that he had retreated to his library, after expressing his ultimatum about her relationship with Heathcliff. Instead of having a frank and sincere talk with her husband, she went to a extreme method. She refused to eat any food and made herself ill. Her emotional instability was exacerbated and she fell over the edge into fits of delirium. “However, Edgar couldn’t concentrate on reading, it was ironic that Catherine condemned him for having recourse to his books at this juncture. All the blame should rest with Catherine herself, or went back to the person who was most responsible for her scorn of, as well as her lack of, such a “consolation”.” (Banerjee and Jacqueline 1994) After all, it was all because of her inadequate education.The contribution of Catherine’s inadequate education to her doom was stressed by contrast. As his daughter’s mentor, Edgar Linton made Cathy’s education as an amusement. She gladly joined in his father’s favorite field and learned rapidly and eagerly. Thank to the good education, she was able to recite her favorite passages to Hareton and taught him to read. To some extent, she played the role as Hareton’s spiritual and literarytutor. This kind of love that was dominated by a woman was extremely rare in that male-dominated society. There [was] a keen awareness of this power that a humane, liberal education can offer to a woman’s spirit and mind. Nevertheless, it [was Catherine’s] tragedy which impressed the reader most, left [the reader] to reflect that a diet of religious polemic was as indigestible for the developing mind as likely to provoke revolt and produce disaster. (Banerjee and Jacqueline 1994)2.2 Selfishness vs. VirtueThough both Catherine and Cathy had dual personality, there was a contrary part to Catherine and Cathy’s characters. The distinctive difference of their characters will be analyzed in the following part.Catherine was very selfish, she loved Heathcliff but at the same time she didn’t want to lose Edgar because the latter stood for a much higher status in society. At last she left Heathcliff in order to satisfy her vanity, her selfishness was demonstrated incisively. Since she loved Heathcliff so much, why at last had she decided to marry Edgar? In her maid Nelly’s opinion it was all because Catherine was selfish, peacockish and was ignorant of the duties she should undertake in marriage. Catherine said that she loved Edgar, he was handsome, pleasant to be with, young and cheerful, “I love the ground under his feet, and the air over his head, and everything he touches, and every word he says. I love all his looks, and all his actions, and his entirely and altogether.” (Emily Bronte 1992) But will she love him if he was ugly and poor? The answer was “no”, she would only pity him or perhaps even hate him. She deserted Heathcliff for that it would degrade her to marry him. And what’s more, by marrying Edgar, she would be the greatest woman of theneighborhood. There was still another reason for Catherine to marry Edgar, she childishly thought that Heathcliff would accept the fact that she would marry Edgar if he knew that she could do something for him after she got married. “If I marry Linton, I can aid Heathcliff to rise, and place him out of my brother’s power.”(Emily Bronte 1992) She did make a serious mistake. It was all because of her selfishness that made both Heathcliff and Edgar anguish. “Will you give up Heathcliff hereafter, or will you give up me? It is impossible for you to be my friend and his at the same time; and I absolutely require to know which you choose.”(Emily Bronte 1992) Obviously, she didn’t want to give up either of them. They were two totally different persons standing for different orientations of value that met different demands of her, they can’t take the place of each other. With Edgar she could achieve the demand of leading a better life, while at the same time, her soul needed the company of Heathcliff. She didn’t want to make choice between these two men, actually she had never made a definite choice. In the end she paid a great cost.Cathy was entirely different from her mother. Under the instruction of her father, she became very virtuous, kindhearted and considerate. She fell in love with Linton mostly because she wanted to protect this timid frail young cousin. She once said this to her maid Nelly, “I’m certain Linton would recover quickly if he had me to look after him. I’m older than he is, you know, and wiser, less childish, am I not? And he’ll soon do as I direct him, with some slight coaxing.” (Emily Bronte 1992) And every time when she promised to see Linton but failed with forbidden, she would be very sad felt as if she was wrong. When her maid Nelly was ill, she behaved like an angel in coming to wait on her, told her a lot of jokes in order to get rid of the solitude. At that timeCathy’s father also got sick, she always accompanied Mr. Linton after she looked after Nelly. Her day was divided into two parts, one part apportioned to her father and the other to the maid with no time left to herself. She neglected her meals, her studies and her play. Later, she was under house arrest in Wuthering Heights by Heathcliff when her father was terminally ill. Cathy tried every possible means to get away from Wuthering Heights in order to see her beloved father. In the world, the person she loved most was her father. She held back her sadness to make her father pass tranquilly. She even tried to make Mr. Linton believe that she lived a happy life with Linton Heathcliff.2.3 Intense love vs. Sensible loveCatherine and Cathy also had different patterns of love. Compared with their love, Catherine’s was more intense while Cathy’s was more sensible.The love between Catherine and Heathcliff was very strong. Though married Edgar, she still loved Heathcliff. Heathcliff was a part of her soul but Edgar was only a part her vanity. The love that tied Catherine and Heathcliff closely was the spiritual mutual attraction. This kind of love was the most profound one and cannot be effaced. Catherine’s love for Heathcliff was so strong, just like the most basal, most original drive power of the life. She cannot love Edgar in the same way, so her marriage with Edgar was entirely a mistake, a tragedy. She married Edgar only wanted to meet her demand of achieving a higher social status, which was opposite to the true Catherine. Catherine said Heathcliff was the eternal rocks in her life and time cannot change it any more. But her love of Edgar “is like the foliage in the woods: time will change it, I’m well aware, as winter changes the trees.” (Emily Bronte 1992) Catherine thought that her marriage had betrayedher soul which was combined from her and Heathcliff’s. She had once said, “Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same; and Linton’s is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire.” (Emily Bronte 1992) Heathcliff was another holy, inviolable self, was the indiscerptible one like her own consciousness. Nobody could give Catherine the love she wants except Heathcliff. It was Heathcliff that made her realize the true unique self and the value of existence. It was only Heathcliff that can fulfill her affectional demand. However, the society of that time didn’t allow the existence of this kind of love. It was all because that they eagerly wanted to be together while the society around them restricted this possibility. The impossible marriage engendered a kind of passion which was consuming but unable to be fulfilled. The live body [was] curiously unimportant in Catherine and Heathcliff’s relationship. Even when Catherine [clasped] his neck, and he [covered] her with “frantic caresses”, and “strains”her “closer”, their “faces washed by each other’s tears” in their final encounter, these intense physical details [served] to underline and demonstrate the extraordinary emotional pull between them. (Kate Flint 2002) Finally, this intense love destroyed both of them and they got together, roamed on the moors after their death. They got love at the cost of their painful reality lives.Compared with the love of her mother, Cathy’s was much more sensible, whether to Linton or to Hareton. She was brought up in the bounding wall of Thrushcross Grange. “Till she reached the age of thirteen, she had not once been beyond the range of the park by her self…Gimmerton was an unsubstantial name in her ears…Wuthering Heights and Mr. Heathcliff did not exist for her”(Emily Bronte 1992) Till that time, Cathy had never metpeople outside the Grange and had no idea of any bad things. One couldn’t find the words like cruelty, plunder and ignorance in her dictionary. Her Father Edgar Linton had set an excellent example for her. Therefore, she was immediately be attracted by Linton Heathcliff who had an attractive appearance, graceful manners and looked like her father very much. When she fell in love with Linton, she looked down upon Hareton seriously. As to her, Linton was her ideal lover while Hareton was a graceless boor. However, she didn’t go to extremes. When she found that actually Linton was worthless, timid, bad – tempered, she became hesitant. However, she was too virtuous that she was forced to marry Linton by Heathcliff. Gradually, Cathy realized Linton was atrocious and had a nauseous nature, so she began to exclude him. The love between Cathy and Linton had already gone and her life in Wuthering Heights was in complete darkness. Finally, Linton’s death helped her to be away from this morass. Later, her affection began to transfer. She yearned for the company of Hareton when she saw him trying to gain knowledge in order to be close to her. Her advancement was notable: Cathy’s world was very narrow at first, only contained the people in the Grange. Her scale of values foreclosed Hareton as a spiritual barrier, just like the bounding wall of the Grange that besieged her in the Grange. She tried to eliminate the barrier in her mind, accept Hareton and regard him as an integrated person, moreover, her cousin. That was her progress. She yearned to talk to him and despondingly realized that he didn’t give response because she had laughed at him earlier. “She was sorry for his persevering sulkiness and indolence; her conscience reproved her for frightening him off improving himself; she had done it effectually.”(Emily Bronte 1992) But she didn’t give up and tried in otherways. Because she knew except him no one would accompany her in Wuthering Heights. She said to him, “ I’ve found out, Hareton, that I want- that I’m glad- that I should like you to be my cousin, now, if you had not grown so cross to me, and so rough.” (Emily Bronte 1992) In order to offset the hurt that she once inflicted on Hareton, she initiatively wrapped a handsome book neatly in white paper, tied it with a bit of ribbon and addressed it to “Mr. Hareton Enshaw”. This action showed that she had acknowledged his identity. The word “Mr.” indicated that she had allowed Hareton to join her society and was equal with her. Everything she done showed that she had received a good education. At last she succeeded they became lovers.Actually Catherine made a choice between two selves: one was the primitive self which was the essential part of her life; the other was the nihil self which was acknowledged by the society. Different from her mother, Cathy chosen between two companions: one was Linton who always relied on others and didn’t have any ideas of his own; the other was Hareton who shared everything in life with her. The choosing of different lovers resulted in two different patterns of love. Catherine’s love was a love based on the primeval need of life, like the description of many scholars, it was a mysterious、barbaric、tragic love. The second love pattern was the love between Hareton and Cathy. Compared with the first love pattern, it was a love much more sensible.2.4 Pursuing the self-realization, the wrong way vs. the right way2.4.1 The tragedy of Catherine’s pursuit of self-realizationCatherine’s self-pursuit can be divided into three stages: from self-lost to self-awareness then at last ended with self-destroy. In the male-dominated society, women were considered as the accessory of men and didn’t have the right to pursue true love. However, Catherine struggled hard in the hope of holding her husband Edgar and her lover Heathcliff at the same time. Her desire stood for the confliction between the self-pursuit of the traditional marriage and true love, which couldn’t coexist in that male-dominated society. At last Catherine died from this keen-edged confliction. Her death symbolized the author’s dream was broken.2.4.1.1 Self-lostTo Catherine, Heathcliff was her soul, other self. In order to protect her love for Heathcliff, she struggled for a long time with Hindley. However, her self was gradually lost because of an accident. She was bitted by the dog and then lived in Thrushcross Grange, after this, she lost her self. She was captivated by the “civilization” of this new world and her vanity began to expand. When she returned from Trushcross Grange, the girl with disheveled hair disappeared, an elegant、solemn young lady appeared. In order to meet her vanity, she gradually adopted a dual personality. In the civilized society —Trushcross Grange, she was a lady full of courtesy , but once she returned to Wuthering Heights, she restored to be a wild girl. However, Catherine didn’t realize that her true self was lost day by day. The things like money and status, which she used to look down upon, was becoming more and more important in her heart. Later Edgar proposed to Catherine, she was in a dilemma of accepting or refusing the proposal: if she married Edgar, she would become the greatest woman of the neighborhood; if she married Heathcliff, her status would be degraded immediately and would be one of beggars in the future. Though she accepted Edgar’s。
解读《呼啸山庄》的女权主义意蕴
解读《呼啸山庄》的女权主义意蕴《呼啸山庄》是英国作家艾米莉·勃朗特创作的一部经典小说。
该作品不仅在文学界享有盛誉，同时也引发了广泛的文化讨论。
作为一名女权主义者，我将从女权主义的角度对《呼啸山庄》进行解读，探讨其中蕴含的女权主义意蕴。
首先，我们可以从小说的情节和主要人物角色入手，分析其对女权主义的贡献。
小说中有两位非常重要的女性角色，分别是凯瑟琳·厄恩肖和凯瑟琳·拉尔什。
她们在小说中的形象和行为，展示了女性的独立和坚韧。
凯瑟琳·厄恩肖是一个充满激情和个性的女性。
她拥有强烈的意志和审美观，在追求真爱的过程中，不断挑战社会对女性的限制和束缚。
她追求的是真实的爱情和自由的生活，而不是被动地接受旧有的婚姻制度。
凯瑟琳·拉尔什是一个更为复杂的角色。
她在小说中扮演了母亲、妻子和情人等不同的角色。
她尽管虚弱和柔弱，但她有自己的意志和坚持。
尤其在面对丈夫希斯克利夫的暴力和欺压时，她毫不示弱，坚守自己的底线。
通过凯瑟琳姐妹的形象，勃朗特传递了女性应该追求自己的权益和尊严的观念。
她们不仅仅是小说中的女性角色，更是对男权社会发起的一种抗议。
她们坚守自己的原则，不让自己受到男性的压迫和束缚，这无疑是对女权主义的有力表达。
此外，小说中对性别角色的描绘也具有女权主义的意味。
小说中的男性角色多数都具有权力和支配性，他们往往以霸道和压迫的方式对待女性。
希斯克利夫作为一位典型的男性角色，以自私和残忍著称。
他通过对其他女性的施虐行为，展示了男性对女性的控制和压迫。
然而，正是通过这些男性角色的塑造，勃朗特揭示了男权社会的丑恶。
她通过小说，呼吁女性要勇敢地抵制男性的压迫，并为自己的权益而奋斗。
这种呼吁无疑是女权主义的核心。
除了情节和角色的描绘，小说中诸如爱情、婚姻、自由等主题的探讨，也是女权主义的重要元素。
艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中通过凯瑟琳姐妹的对话和内心独白，对传统的爱情观和婚姻观提出了质疑。
女性自由主义与《呼啸山庄》中的情感与亲情冲突
女性自由主义与《呼啸山庄》中的情感与亲情冲突引言《呼啸山庄》是英国作家艾米莉·勃朗特（Emily Brontë）创作的一部经典小说，讲述了一个充满激情和复杂关系的故事。
在这个小说中，我们可以看到女性自由主义的触角渗透进角色塑造和情节发展之中。
同时，《呼啸山庄》也揭示了情感与亲情之间的冲突，这种冲突特别对女性角色来说产生了深远的影响。
女性自由主义女性自由主义强调女性在社会、政治和经济领域中的平等地位和权益。
它倡导女性拥有独立思考、追求自己的目标，并摆脱传统社会对女性角色的束缚。
在《呼啸山庄》中，这种思想体现在几个女性角色身上。
凯瑟琳·厄尼肖（Catherine Earnshaw）凯瑟琳是小说中最具代表性的女性角色之一。
她天生活力四溢，喜欢探索世界和追求自己的欲望，与男性主人公希思克利夫有着强烈的情感纠葛。
凯瑟琳渴望自由地选择爱情对象，而不受到社会地位、财富或规范的束缚。
她拒绝嫁给身份高贵但无吸引力的埃德加，并最终选择了她深爱着但社会地位低下的希思克利夫。
伊莎贝拉·拉修（Isabella Linton）伊莎贝拉是另一个展示女性自由主义观念的角色。
她对希思克利夫产生了浓厚的兴趣，尽管他十分粗鲁和危险。
伊莎贝拉试图摆脱传统女性角色，追求自己所爱，不顾一切从家人那里逃离，并嫁给了希斯克利夫。
然而，在婚姻中她遭受了虐待和折磨，这显示了女性对于为自由付出代价的残酷现实。
情感与亲情冲突《呼啸山庄》中展示了许多复杂而纠缠不清的情感关系和亲情冲突。
这些冲突对女性角色产生了深刻的影响，使她们在追求自由主义和满足传统社会期望之间苦苦挣扎。
凯瑟琳与爱德卡（Edgar）之间的冲突凯瑟琳面临着对自己内心真实感情的追求和现实社会对她所期望的婚姻选择之间的冲突。
她深爱希思克利夫，但又被迫嫁给了富有名门家族的埃德加。
这种冲突使得凯瑟琳内心备受摧残，同时也给亲近她的人带来了困惑和伤害。
伊莎贝拉与希斯克利夫之间的冲突伊莎贝拉渴望自由地选择爱情，追求心中所爱。
从生态女性主义视角解读《呼啸山庄》
ywjszxk@艾米莉·勃朗特是19世纪英国著名女作家，发表于1847年的《呼啸山庄》是她一生中唯一的小说作品。
《呼啸山庄》体现了作者对女性群体命运和大自然的关注，这体现出了其生态女性主义特征。
《呼啸山庄》批判性别歧视，揭示了当时英国社会中男性群体对女性群体的剥削和压迫，给予女性群体以深切的关怀。
小说对人类破坏生态环境的行为也进行了批判，表现了作者关爱动物、爱护大自然、憧憬和谐生态环境的情感，以及大自然与女性群体间紧密联系的认知。
本文将对《呼啸山庄》中的生态女性主义思想展开详细的分析和研究，带领读者从新的角度解读这部作品。
一、对大自然和女性形象的双重解构《呼啸山庄》中的自然环境充满活力与生机，富有灵性，变化万千。
小说中的一草一木都有“喜怒哀乐”，并与人的精神和情感紧密相连。
比如凯瑟琳的女儿小凯茜出生之后的第二天阳光灿烂，晨光从窗外悄悄闪进屋内，呈现出一种祥和、喜悦的气氛，百灵鸟则集体噤声，似乎在一片祥和之中感到了隐隐的不安，这些自然现象都体现了生态环境与人类情感之间的相通性。
《呼啸山庄》中的大自然是人们实现心灵栖息以及精神庇佑的场所。
凯瑟琳和希思克利夫每当情绪低落或受到打击时，就会来到荒野中，完全投入大自然的怀抱，向草木花鸟诉说自己的委屈。
在二人倾诉的过程中，大自然逐渐人格化、精神化，成了一个如神灵般无处不在，有自己的意识和价值取向的独立精神体。
与传统作品中的女性形象不同，《呼啸山庄》中的凯瑟琳、伊莎贝尔都敢于追求自由、表达自我，向男权主义发起挑战，是具有主体性、独立意识的女性形象。
凯瑟琳小的时候就豪放不羁，像男孩子一样，在女管家奈丽的印象中凯瑟琳就是个调皮捣蛋的孩子，同时她的性格中又带有女性所特有的体贴和聪慧，这让她成为希思克利夫童年回忆中唯一的眷恋。
此外，凯瑟琳拒绝接受男权社会对她的干预，对婚姻大事有自己的主见，即使在自己深爱的希思克利夫面前，她也不愿表现出绝对的顺从，让自己处于被动地位。
《呼啸山庄》的生态女性主义-6页精选文档
《呼啸山庄》的生态女性主义艾米丽?勃朗特唯一的一部小说《呼啸山庄》中表达了人类永恒的主题：爱和恨。
而生态女性主义的不断兴起又赋予了这部小说新的意义，人类和自然间的和谐与对立、人类对自然的歧视及性别歧视等诸多生态主义所关心的问题在此小说中均有着充分的表现，而小说的最后男女主人公在另一个世界中的结合更是展望了和谐的生态图景。
一、生态女性主义上世纪70年代产生的生态女性主义属于女权运动与生态运动不断结合的产物。
它以性别的角度来切入生态问题的研究，令人感觉耳目一新。
而这一属于最早是由法国的女性主义学者弗朗索瓦?德?埃澳博尼1974年在《女人或死亡》疑问中第一次提出应在研究中运用的。
生态女性主义主要认为对妇女的压迫和对自然的压迫二者具有直接联系，并且围绕着女性、自然和发展等的主题对父权制下的统治与压迫进行批判，主要的目的就是将妇女和自然解放出来，强调女性文化与女性原则对生态问题解决的重要作用。
生态女性主义的文学借鉴了女性主义批评和生态批评的方法，从女性和生态这两个角度对文学和自然、女性的关系展开研究，揭露文学领域中所存在的两种压迫间的紧密联系，并用生态女性主义的价值标准对传统的文学史及其作品进行重新评价。
二、《呼啸山庄》中透露出的生态女性意识（一）《呼啸山庄》生活体验中充满了生态意识与女性主义思想艾米丽?勃朗特在其整个生活体验中充满了生态意识与女性主义思想。
她是一名自然爱好者，在约克郡的山上成长着，她对那儿的荒原和各种各样的动物们拥有着一种特别的感情。
她对自然的热爱之情持续了整个的生活，同样也渗透进了她唯一的小说《呼啸山庄》和她所有的诗歌中。
更为重要的是她虽然生活在重男轻女的维多利亚时代，艾米丽仍然具有强烈的女性意识。
通过大量的阅读与写作，艾米丽了解到女人可以像男人那样知识渊博，并且应该勇敢利用一切手段来追求独立和完整的女性自我。
（二）《呼啸山庄》是一部充满了生态影响的小会所读者能从小说中看到艾米丽随处可见的对自然的生动描写。
《呼啸山庄》译本中的女性主义解读-文档资料
《呼啸山庄》译本中的女性主义解读女性主义翻译理论是20世纪80年代在西方翻译研究出现“文化转向”的过程中兴起的一派译论。
“文化转向”一词是由奥地利翻译理论家斯奈尔?霍恩比首次提出的，意思是指由把翻译看作文本到把翻译看作文化和政治这样一个转向。
翻译研究的这种文化转向为我们将女性主义研究的引入提供了契机。
女性主义一词最早出现在法国，泛指女性有关争取与男性同等的社会权利的主张，后传到英美并逐渐流行。
西方的女性主义者受西方翻译理论的影响，首次将性别视角引人到翻译研究中，按照女性主义原则从事翻译实践，为翻译理论和翻译实践活动开启了更广阔的视角。
在这样的历史契机下，性别意识被越来越多地纳入到翻译的理论研究与实践中，二者的结合形成了颇具个性的女性主义翻译理论。
在翻译策略上，女性主义提倡重写，通过增补、劫持以及添加前言和注脚这三种实践方式来达到突出女性主义身份的目的。
女性主义观念传入我国是在“五四”时期，但对女性主义翻译理论的研究直到20世纪末才有所涉及。
由于国情、语言形态、文化传统等因素的不同，我国迄今尚没有真正的女性主义译者。
大多数女性译者与男性译者一样，深深受到传统翻译观念的束缚，在翻译实践中仍然把“忠实”作为主要标准。
但这并不意味着女性的翻译文本与男性的翻译文本之间不存在任何差异。
在赞同主要翻译原则的同时，她们的译本在对原文的理解以及翻译策略等方面显示出了女性特征。
虽然这种差异并不十分明显，但是她们仍然在潜意识中为突出女性主义的身份而抗争。
《呼啸山庄》是英国女性作家艾米莉?勃朗特的具有女性主义特色的作品。
目前国内对这部巨著的中译本从女性主义翻译理论的角度进行的研究十分少见。
因此，从女性主义翻译理论观出发，对《呼啸山庄》的中译本进行研究具有十分重要的现实意义。
本文所选的中译本译者为杨苡(女)，其译本得到读者的普遍接受。
通过研究，本文旨在揭示女性译者在女性主义翻译理论指导下的女性主义特色。
以下是对杨苡译本中几个案例的分析。
从《呼啸山庄》中看女性角色及其追求
从《呼啸山庄》中看女性角色及其追求【摘要】呼啸山庄塑造了一个在文学史上以冷酷无情著称的男性形象—希斯克利夫，然而，作为一名女性作家作品，女性角色也有很深的内涵。
对这部作品的女性人物探讨一般是在两代凯瑟琳中进行的，而从女性的追求探索来说，丁恩太太也蕴含了作者的深意。
本文试从文本中女主角凯瑟琳形象，丁恩太太的独特意义，结合其他作品来探讨女性的追求，同时渗入笔者的女性的思考。
【关键词】呼啸山庄女性追求凯瑟琳丁恩太太自然、社会属性（一）凯瑟琳—自然性和社会性矛盾中的自我追求首先我们看凯瑟琳。
纵观整部作品，她的经历是她作为一个女性不断追求的历史。
我们知道，一个人的存在属性，分为自然属性和社会属性。
凯瑟琳的一生，正是在这两个方面的追求中发展起来，又是在两者矛盾的不能统一中毁灭的。
这其中，男性话语和社会环境起了很大的作用。
中国有句话说“女子是水做的骨肉”，应被赋予一种新的深意，即是女子的天性本自然，可以是如“闲静似娇花照水，行动如弱柳扶风”般恬静的湖水，当然也可以如“褰裙逐马如卷蓬，左射右射必叠双”般激荡的江水。
在凯瑟琳小时候，她是相当野性活泼，自由奔放的。
“我可不吃这一套，哗啦一把拎起那部破书（指经书）的封皮，就扔进狗窝里，一边还诅咒说我讨厌圣经。
”此时凯瑟琳身上充满了倔强和叛逆，也体现出一个女子天然地对那些禁锢本性文明的排斥。
像很多女孩子一样，她也很任性，有娇生惯养的习惯，比如说，最初他对希克厉用一种高姿态，对山庄的人时刻显出她的蛮横。
凡此种种，展现出她自由不羁，追求自己个性的特征，如此便构成了其自然属性的基本因素。
然而，在一个社会环境，尤其是男性话语超过女性权利的境况下，这种自然属性是会受到人们有意无意的攻击和反对的，从而作用于主体，促使主体消解掉这种自然，而更多地融入社会属性。
首先这种压力来自凯瑟琳在呼啸山庄的亲人。
她的父亲和哥哥是不喜欢她这种野小子性格的，仆人们更不待见她，那个封闭而阴冷的“微缩小社会”因此她的成长几乎是她一个人的肆意妄为，以此来掩盖内心的空虚，这与今天很多问题少女的形成也想类似。
呼啸山庄生态女性主义 [从生态女性主义视角重解《呼啸山庄》]
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呼啸山庄生态女性主义 [从生态女性主义视角重解《呼啸山庄》]摘要《呼啸山庄》是艾米莉・勃朗特所写的一部伟大的著作。
本文从生态女性主义视角重新解读这部作品,通过分析老少两代人的爱恨情仇,揭示作品蕴涵的生态意识,女权意识与女性反抗,体现了女性对自然的呼唤及对男女平等的向往与期盼。
关键词:《呼啸山庄》父权制社会生态女性主义自然中图分类号:I106文献标识码:A一引言“生态女性主义”是由法国女性主义学者,弗朗索瓦・德・伊奥布妮(Francoised"Eaubonne)在《女性主义或灭亡》一书中首次提出结合生态运动和女权运动的新思潮,其主要观点是对妇女的压迫和对自然的压迫有着直接联系,其中一方的解放不能脱离另一方的解放。
20世纪60年代以来,世界上出现了一系列的生态灾难。
面对日益严重的生态危机,经济、政治、文化等领域做出了不同的反应,生态女性主义开始对环境和性别进行考察和研究,探究父权制对自然和妇女进行双重统治的本质和根源。
作为一种新兴的理论,生态女性主义吸收了多种批评视角和理论基础,但其核心思想始终是围绕着女性与自然的关系展开的,认为女性与自然有极大的亲近性,对妇女的压迫与对自然的压迫有着直接的联系。
在文明与自然的二元对立世界里,女性如同自然,代表的是原始、被动、情感、柔弱和神秘,受制于进步、主动、理性和强壮的男性。
概括地说,生态女性主义所主张的是按照女权主义原则和生态学原则重建人类社会。
生态女性主义认为女性与自然的这种联系应当得到张扬,把建构和弘扬女性原则、女性精神、女性文化作为解决生态危机和实现妇女解放的根本途径,反对在父权制世界观和二元思维统治下的对自然、女性和其他种族等“弱势群体”的压迫,倡导建立一种人与人、人与自然之间平等和谐、互相依存的新型关系,其最终目的是希望以这种新的思维方法与生活态度来颠覆男权社会凌驾自然、男人凌驾女人的意识形态,从而达到大自然免于继续受人类剥削的命运和女性的彻底解放。
从女性主义视角看《呼啸山庄》中女主人公的婚姻悲剧
的问世 ，无形 中反映 了作 者很 强的 女性意 识 ，对女 性 身份 因为他 会很 富有 ，我 会成 为方 圆数英 里最 尊 贵的女 人 。如
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象 以及 本作 品 的主 题及 文化 内涵 。
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一 、 女主人公凯瑟琳的婚姻悲剧分析
儿 身份 的希斯 克利 夫来 讲几 乎是 无法 做到 的 。所 以现 实社
小说 《呼 啸 山庄 》 中，从 头至 尾都 暗示 着 故事 的悲剧 会环 境是 小 说 《呼 啸 山庄 》中女 主人 公凯 瑟琳婚 姻悲 剧 的
庄》凯 瑟琳 选择 嫁给 埃德 加是 直接 受社 会环 境 的影响 的制 琳 从 心底 里深 爱着 希斯克 利夫 ，每 当看 到其 哥哥 伤害 希斯
约 。凯瑟琳 生长 在 具有 几百年 历史 的贵 族家 庭 ，她是 贵族 克利夫，她总是不顾兄妹之情和哥哥争吵，帮助希斯克利
小姐 。社会 现 实和早 期 的家庭 教 育对她 有很 大 的影 响，且 夫 摆脱 困境 。 也 正是 为 了摆脱 亨 德 雷 （她 的哥 哥 ）对 希
关键词 ：女性主义视角；呼啸山庄；女主人公 ；婚姻悲剧
引言
是 “门当户 对 ”。通 过 这样 的婚姻 ，凯瑟 琳 才能 获 得财 富
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《女性主义与自我解放：探析《呼啸山庄》中的女性形象》
《女性主义与自我解放：探析《呼啸山庄》中的女性形象》1. 引言1.1 概述女性主义作为一种重要的社会思潮，致力于关注和解决妇女在社会、经济和政治领域中所面临的不平等问题。
同时，自我解放是女性主义运动的核心目标之一，旨在让女性获得平等权利、独立自主地追求个人梦想和价值。
本文将探讨英国作家艾米莉·勃朗特的经典小说《呼啸山庄》中的女性形象，并分析这些形象与女性主义思潮以及自我解放之间存在着怎样的联系。
1.2 文章结构本文共分为六个部分：引言、女性主义概述、自我解放的意义与方式、文学作品中的女性形象塑造方法、探析《呼啸山庄》中的女性形象及其与女性主义和自我解放的关联以及结论。
1.3 目的通过深入剖析《呼啸山庄》中凯瑟琳和伊莎贝拉两位女性角色，以及勃朗特对她们在社会地位、婚姻观念等方面展现出来与自我解放之间的关联，本文旨在理解女性主义与自我解放的核心意义，并进一步评估《呼啸山庄》这一经典文学作品所呈现的女性形象对于女性主义运动与人类社会发展的重要性和价值。
以上即是文章"1. 引言"部分的内容，接下来将进入第二部分“女性主义概述”的讨论。
2. 女性主义概述2.1 定义与历史背景女性主义是一种旨在实现平等权利和地位，反对性别歧视和压迫的理论和运动。
女性主义认为，社会中存在着对女性的限制和不公平待遇，并呼吁改变这种状况。
女性主义的根源可以追溯到18世纪末和19世纪初的启蒙时代，当时一些知识分子开始质疑男权社会中妇女地位的不平等问题。
2.2 女性主义思潮与理论女性主义思潮包括多个派别和流派，例如：自由女权主义、社会主义女权主义、黑人女权主义、后结构主义女权主义等。
不同的派别关注不同方面问题，探究或批判女性受到的各种压迫形式以及如何解放妇女。
自由女权主义强调个体选择和个人发展，在社会结构中争取平等机会方面起着重要作用。
其核心观念是妇女能够自由选择自己的生活方式，并为此争取政治、经济及社会上的平等。
女性主义视角下的《呼啸山庄》与艾米莉·勃朗特
女性主义视角下的《呼啸山庄》与艾米莉·勃朗特简介《呼啸山庄》是英国作家艾米莉·勃朗特所写的一部经典小说，被认为是浪漫主义文学的代表之一。
这部小说讲述了家族世仇、爱恨情仇、自我毁灭等复杂的故事，同时也展现出了当时社会中女性地位和权益的局限。
艾米莉·勃朗特简介艾米莉·勃朗特（Emily Brontë，1818-1848）是19世纪英国著名小说家和诗人，她与她的姐姐夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Brontë）一同成为文坛上备受称赞的艺术家。
勃朗特创作的作品注重情感描写和对社会问题的探索，以及女性角色的独立意识。
女性主义视角下的《呼啸山庄》从女性主义视角来看，《呼啸山庄》揭示了当时女性面临着各种限制和束缚。
首先，在这个故事中，女性角色的生活完全受制于男性，他们没有自主决策权和选择的空间。
例如，凯瑟琳·厄兰和伊莎贝拉·厄兰两位女性角色在与男性关系中受到了极大的伤害，显示出当时社会对女性的不平等待遇。
此外，勃朗特通过描述家庭生活中女性所承受的苦难来表达对这种不公平现象的触动。
然而，在小说中也展现了女性力量的一面。
例如，凯瑟琳·厄兰是一个坚定而独立的女性角色，她拒绝嫁给自己不爱的人，并追求自己真正喜欢的男人希斯克利夫。
尽管她最终为这个选择付出了代价，但她表现出了强大且执着的决心。
艾米莉·勃朗特对女性权益的贡献作为一位早期女作家，艾米莉·勃朗特通过她创作中强大而复杂的女性形象和对女性命运反思的描写，为后来女权主义者树立了榜样。
她敏锐地捕捉到女性处境的矛盾和困扰，并试图在小说中探讨女性自我价值和权益的重要性。
勃朗特不仅为当时的女性提供了一个思考自身命运并反抗社会束缚的范本，也激励了后世对于女性主义理念的探索和表达。
她所塑造的角色，尤其是像凯瑟琳·厄兰这样具有坚定信念和追求自由意志的女性形象，一直被称赞为文学中具有里程碑意义的人物。
《呼啸山庄》的生态女性主义解读
《呼啸山庄》的生态女性主义解读
张浩
【期刊名称】《南都学坛》
【年(卷),期】2014(034)006
【摘要】《呼啸山庄》是一部意蕴丰富的小说.首先,作品中的大自然充满活力,与
人的情感精神息息相通,是人们的精神庇护所和心灵栖息地,更是有生命的独立主体.作品中的女主人公既不是“天使”,也不是“魔女”,而是活生生的人,是有思想、有女权意识的新女性.其次,《呼啸山庄》批判了性别歧视,揭露了男性对女性的压迫和剥削,对女性给予了深切关怀;批判了物种歧视,表达了关注自然、鸟类、动物等的观点,揭示了女性与自然的紧密联系;还描写了女性、自然等受压迫的弱势群体的抗争.最后,《呼啸山庄》对男性与女性、文明与自然的关系进行了重构,认为男性与女性、文明与自然应该平等相处,和谐交融,共生共荣.《呼啸山庄》丰富的生态女性主义思想,在建设和谐社会和生态文明的今天具有重要而深刻的启发意义.
【总页数】6页(P60-65)
【作者】张浩
【作者单位】昆士兰大学,澳大利亚布里斯班 4103
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】I106.4
【相关文献】
1.荒野上的呼唤:从生态女性主义角度r解读《呼啸山庄》 [J], 李秀娟
2.荆棘中怒放的玫瑰——《呼啸山庄》的生态女性主义解读 [J], 马玉萍
3.《简·爱》和《呼啸山庄》中生态女性主义意识解读 [J], 谢凝
4.《简·爱》和《呼啸山庄》中生态女性主义意识解读 [J], 谢凝;
5.从生态女性主义视角解读《呼啸山庄》 [J], 孙兆平
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读书心得——基于女性生态主义视角《呼啸山庄》的解读
读书心得——基于女性生态主义视角《呼啸山庄》的解读一、女性生态主义的概念女性生态主义就是将生态学与女性主义结合在一起所产生的理念思想。
“生态女性主义”由法国女性主义者弗朗索瓦·德·奥波妮在1974年于自己的著作《女性或死亡》中首次提出。
女性生态主义是一种政治与社会运动，它相信社会对女性的压迫与自然的退化之间存在着某种关系。
生态女性主义理论者考虑性别歧视、对自然的控制、种族歧视、物种至上主义与其他各种社会不平等之间的交互关联性。
生态女性主义反对人类中心论和男性中心论主张改变人统治自然的思想，并认为这一思想来自人统治人的思想。
它批评男权的文化价值观，赞美女性本质，它反对那些导致剥削和统治的价值观。
二、《呼啸山庄》小说简介文章以女管家埃伦·迪安的角度讲述了这样一个故事：呼啸山庄的主人——乡绅恩萧先生带回来了一个身份不明的孩子，取名希斯克利夫，恩萧先生对希斯克利夫的宠爱引起了儿子亨德雷的强烈嫉妒。
主人死后，亨德雷为报复把希斯克利夫贬为奴仆，并百般迫害，可是恩萧的女儿凯瑟琳跟希斯克利夫亲密无间，青梅竹马，他们相恋了。
后来，凯瑟琳不得已嫁给了画眉田庄的文静青年埃德加。
希斯克利夫悲痛欲绝之下选择出走，三年后致富回乡，凯瑟琳已嫁埃德加，却并不幸福。
希斯克利夫为此进行疯狂的报复，通过设计赌博夺走了亨德雷的家财。
亨德雷本人酒醉而死，儿子哈里顿成了奴仆。
希斯克利夫还故意娶了埃德加的妹妹伊莎贝拉，进行迫害。
内心痛苦不堪的凯瑟琳在生产中死去，临终前却紧紧抓住希斯克利夫不放。
十年后，希斯克利夫又施计使埃德加的女儿小凯瑟琳，嫁给了自己即将死去的儿子小林顿。
埃德加和小林顿都死了，希斯克利夫最终把埃德加家的财产也据为己有。
复仇得逞了，但是他无法从对死去的凯瑟琳的恋情中解脱出来，最终不吃不喝苦恋而死。
小凯瑟琳和哈里顿继承了呼啸山庄和画眉田庄的产业，两人终于相爱，去画眉田庄安了家。
这是一个描述爱情与复仇的故事。
女性主义视角下的《呼啸山庄》研究
女性主义视角下的《呼啸山庄》研究引言部分：1.1 概述《呼啸山庄》是英国作家艾米莉·勃朗特的经典之作，也是19世纪女性文学中的瑰宝。
本篇长文旨在从女性主义的视角出发，对《呼啸山庄》进行深入研究。
通过对小说中女性形象的描写与反思、权力关系与性别歧视以及自由与束缚的生活状态等方面的探讨，我们将探索女性主义在这部作品中的应用和意义。
1.2 文章结构本文将分为五个部分展开论述。
首先，在第二部分中，我们将聚焦于小说中女性形象的描写与反思，探索作者如何塑造了不同类型的女性角色，并对其所代表的含义进行解读。
接着，在第三部分中，我们将讨论权力关系与性别歧视问题，揭示男女角色之间存在的深层次社会差异以及相关冲突。
随后，在第四部分中，我们将研究男女角色的社会定位与对抗，探讨女性独立意识与反抗行动以及男性掌控欲望与压迫手段等议题。
最后，在第五部分中，我们将分析性别角色转变及其影响力，剖析个人和社会在角色转变过程中所遭受的挣扎和反思，并评估这种转变对个体和社会所带来的深远影响。
1.3 目的本文旨在通过女性主义视角下对《呼啸山庄》的研究，探讨小说中涉及到的性别问题以及男女角色之间的斗争与转变。
我们将尝试深入理解作者对女性主题的关注，并分析其对当时社会习俗的挑战和启示。
同时，我们也希望通过此研究能够进一步揭示女性主义在文学历程中的地位和作用，并为今后相关研究提供一定参考价值。
2. 女性主义视角下《呼啸山庄》研究2.1 女性形象的描写与反思:在小说《呼啸山庄》中，女性形象扮演着重要的角色。
作者艾米莉·勃朗特通过描写各个女性角色展示了她们的个性、思想和处境，并对传统的性别角色进行了反思。
首先，我们可以看到凯瑟琳·厄尔肯肖和伊莎贝拉·拉滕斯克一样表现出强烈的欲望和坚定的决心。
她们在面对爱情和婚姻选择时，追求自己真正的欢乐和幸福，不愿受到社会对女性期望角色的束缚。
此外，勃朗特也刻画了尼尔利夫人这样一个坚强而独立的女性形象，她能够自力更生并维持家族生活的持续发展。
《呼啸山庄》的生态女性主义解读
《呼啸山庄》的生态女性主义解读
《呼啸山庄》是英国著名小说家勃朗特创作的英国古典小说，叙述了爱抚·默林夫人在伊塞特激情投入情感之路、独立思想判断之路上的艰难历程。
小说具有浓重的生态女性主义色彩，把女性的思想、行为与自然的道德关系密切联系到一起，充分表现出生态女性主义的核心观念。
《呼啸山庄》中的女主爱抚·默林夫人行为举止的准则是自然的规矩，她乐于与自然合作，以自然的语言来表达自己的情感，以自然的美丽和光芒来感动自己的心灵。
例如，当她急切想念在美国男友麦克·瑞尔时，她从外貌上查寻着他的影子：“夕阳照耀在远去的海上，像一个登山者站立在山顶，凝望着这边的天边，等待着那航行的渔船，未知的港口里未知的目的地。
”爱抚会通过此类想象而引起她内心的情感，使自己爱上自然。
同时，爱抚在生活和思想中也体现出生态女性主义的思想。
对于社会上普遍存在的官僚主义婚姻，爱抚充份反思，坚持自己不满足于当下的婚姻关系，提出摒弃官僚主义婚姻，尊重自然主义婚始的理念。
她希望通过婚姻，承认而不是抹消彼此的个性，尊重彼此的意愿，建立一种自然的婚姻关系，这就是生态女性主义的深层启示。
总之，勃朗特在《呼啸山庄》中充分展现了生态女性主义的思想，以小说的形式
传承和发展着古典主义的优秀传统，并将思想和自然联系起来，倡导我们重新审视对待自然的审美理念，以及对彼此之间关系的态度与责任。
女性形象的变迁与解放：《呼啸山庄》的女权主义阐释
女性形象的变迁与解放：《呼啸山庄》的女权主义阐释引言《呼啸山庄》是英国作家艾米莉·勃朗特所创作的经典小说，以其强烈的情感描写和复杂的人物关系而闻名。
本文将从女性角度出发，探讨小说中女性形象的变迁，并通过女权主义视角分析其中表达出来的解放意识。
1. 英国维多利亚时期下的女性地位在19世纪英国维多利亚时代，女性地位受到严格限制，她们被社会舆论束缚，在家庭中扮演被动无力的角色。
这种社会背景对小说中呈现出来的女性形象产生了深远影响。
2. 凯瑟琳·厄肖和伊莎贝拉·勒伦凯瑟琳·厄肖和伊莎贝拉·勒伦是小说中两个具有特殊意义的女性角色。
她们在恋爱、婚姻和自由选择方面呈现出截然不同的态度，体现了当时社会中不同类型的女性。
2.1 凯瑟琳·厄肖凯瑟琳渴望追求真爱，她坚持自己与希斯克利夫之间的感情，却因阶级和社会约束而放弃了婚姻。
她既受到家庭期望和身份限制，又表达出对传统角色固定化的反抗意识，体现了一种独立自主的女性形象。
2.2 伊莎贝拉·勒伦伊莎贝拉相对于凯瑟琳更加现实，她通过嫁给埃德加·林顿来实现经济地位的提升。
她在小说中为了自己的利益不择手段，但最终付出代价。
这也展示了维多利亚时代女性为生存和社会地位而追求的现实境遇。
3. 出路：女性解放的影子小说刻画了希斯克利夫对凯瑟琳死后心灵深处的牵挂，并通过年轻一代、新一代的登场改变了以往对女性形象的看法。
他们不满足于被社会责编配合、恪守传统，展现出了对社会地位、思想自由的追求。
这部分女性形象承载着呼唤进步与解放的微弱希望。
4. 女权主义阐释通过女权主义视角解读《呼啸山庄》，我们可以看到小说中女性形象的变迁及其代表的意义：从凯瑟琳·厄肖对传统社会角色的拒绝，到年轻一代以自由思想和自我选择为核心的价值观。
这些表达了女性在面对社会限制时崛起的力量和解放潜力。
5. 结论作为一部经典文学作品，以《呼啸山庄》为例，我们可以深入探讨女性形象的变迁与解放，并从女权主义视角去理解其中蕴含的意义。
对《呼啸山庄》的女性主义解读
对《呼啸山庄》的女性主义解读作者：梁波来源：《青年文学家》2011年第17期摘要：艾米莉·勃朗特的小说《呼啸山庄》是一部具有女性主义倾向的作品。
女主人公凯瑟琳在爱情方面所表现出的恋爱自由，婚姻自主的独立意识，以及她以死抗争的悲剧性结局展示了女性在情感困境和社会习俗的障碍面前所表现出的自主意识。
关键词：呼啸山庄凯瑟琳女性主义父权制作者简介：梁波，男（1981-），汉族，河南省商丘市人，平顶山学院教师，学历本科，郑州大学在职在读研究生，主要研究方向文艺学。
[中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A [文章编号]：1002-2139(2011)-17-0036-02艾米莉·勃朗特是十九世纪上半叶英国杰出的女小说家，1847年艾米莉发表了她唯一的一部小说《呼啸山庄》，正是这部小说奠定了她在文学史上地位。
从刚发表时的被抨击、被否定到之后的被追捧、被探讨，《呼啸山庄》以其独特的魅力和价值流传至今。
20世纪60年代随着西方第二次女权运动的高涨，“女性主义” 逐渐深入到文化、文学领域，随之对于这部作品的女性主义研究也推上日程，本文就从这个角度切入，来解读这部作品。
艾米莉在夏洛蒂·勃朗特眼中是个生性独立、纯真、豁达、刚毅、热情而又内向的人，在她身上颇具“男性气质”因素，如坚定、倔强、固执、敢作敢为、豪放、热烈深沉。
这种独特的气质赋予她笔下的凯瑟琳·恩肖以生命和一种真正意义上的独立性。
同时，在《呼啸山庄》中，希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳的爱始终吸引着读者的视线，希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳之间所表现出的灵魂一致、生死相恋、激烈而狂热的情感超越了世俗的爱情。
在小说看似简单的爱情故事背后，却隐藏着艾米丽·勃朗特对父权制罪恶的揭露、对传统女性形象的颠覆和对建构新型女性形象的决心。
主人公凯瑟琳·恩肖是位具有双重性格的女性，她不仅享受着自然清新的朴素之爱——希斯克利夫，也享受着高贵低俗的世人之爱——埃德加·林惇。
《女性主义视角下的《简爱》与《呼啸山庄》研究》
女性主义视角下的《简爱》与《呼啸山庄》研究介绍本文将从女性主义的观点出发，对经典文学作品《简爱》和《呼啸山庄》进行研究和分析。
通过探讨这两部小说中的女性角色、他们在家庭、社会和情感方面的体验，以及作者对女性地位和权力的思考，我们可以深入理解不同时代下的女性形象以及与之相关的社会议题。
女性角色的塑造《简爱》中的女性角色在夏洛蒂·勃朗特创作的《简爱》中，我们见证了一个坚韧、聪明而又有自我意识的女主人公简·爱。
她在男权社会中努力追求自由、平等和独立，并通过教育和行动来实现自己的目标。
此外，《简爱》中还涉及到其他重要女性角色，如她寄宿学校时结识的海伦·伯恩斯和赛勒斯夫人。
《呼啸山庄》中的女性角色艾米莉·勃朗特所写的《呼啸山庄》也有着独特的女性形象。
故事主要围绕着凯瑟琳·厄恩肖和她的女儿凯瑟琳·拉尔佩德展开。
凯瑟琳·厄恩肖是一个自由奔放、热情而又具有野心的角色，以及一个强大而复杂的母亲。
凯瑟琳·拉尔佩德则在成长过程中经历了许多挣扎和内心冲突。
家庭、社会和情感体验家庭环境对女性角色的影响无论是《简爱》还是《呼啸山庄》，家庭环境对女性角色的塑造和影响都至关重要。
在这两部小说中，我们看到了不同类型的家庭，包括丧偶家庭、寡妇和离异家庭，这些都对女性角色产生了不同程度的影响。
通过分析家族关系、权力分配以及传统与现代观念之间的冲突，我们可以更好地理解女性在家庭中的处境。
社会压力与男权主义无论是朱莉娅·克里斯蒂娜斯·多尔尼的《简爱》还是艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》，都揭示了女性在男权主义社会中所面临的困境和挑战。
通过主人公在故事中的奋斗，以及作者对性别不平等问题的思考，我们得以深刻认识到当时社会对女性自由、独立和发展机会的限制。
情感探索与自我实现除了家庭和社会方面的压力，情感和个体自我也是两部小说中女性经历的重要议题。
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第21卷第4期2000年7月哈尔滨师专学报JOURNAL OF HARBIN T E AC HERS COLLEGEVol.21No.4Jul.2000y y[文章编号]1004)5856(2000)04)0099)07风光奇特的女性心灵世界)))对5呼啸山庄6的女性主义解读江晓雯(华东师范大学中文系,上海200062)[摘要]本文试图通过对5呼啸山庄6开场的隐喻作用的剖析,来证明呼啸山庄事实上正是作者苦心构建起来的一个顽强地抵制着男性话语侵入的女性心灵世界。
在对小说的进一步解读中,我们可以发现在故事的表层背后,隐藏着一部女性的/自恋史0与反抗史,复仇史,以及追求史。
而这正是作者艾米丽#勃朗特自身体验的一种表达方式。
我们必须摈弃一切偏见与世俗的伦理道德观念,才能够进入这个用女性的生命体验编织出来的让人捉摸不定的风光奇特的女性心灵世界。
[关键词]女性心灵世界;女性的/自恋史0与反抗史;复仇史;追求史;女性的生命体验[中图分类号]I106135;I10919[文献标识码]A无边无际的荒野,阴冷晦暗的山庄,喜怒无常,行动诡秘的男主人,凶猛的恶犬,以及心怀叵测的奴仆们。
一位英国绅士洛克伍德先生闯入了这个神秘而封闭的世界,并为此深感恐惧与困惑。
半夜里,一个流浪的女性幽灵出现在他的梦魇中,凄惨地呼唤着要求进来。
可怜的洛克伍德先生毛骨悚然,在惊骇中大声喊叫)))这便是英国女作家艾米丽#勃朗特的小说5呼啸山庄6的开场。
在小说中,这段开场具有极其重要的作用。
一方面,它为全书奠定了哥特式的氛围,但更为重要的是,它还具有不可忽视的隐喻的作用。
我们知道,这位冒冒失失的闯入者洛克伍德先生,是个典型的传统的英国绅士,一个在当时男性中心的英国社会里备受尊敬的人物:年轻,有身份,彬彬有礼,循规蹈矩,一切都极其符合世俗社会对有教养的上等男子的要求尺度。
但这样一位让人肃然起敬的绅士,一旦进入呼啸山庄,却遭到了令人意想不到的待遇。
恶魔般的男主人希思克厉夫不加掩饰地流露出对他的蔑视,奴仆们也待他不太友好,甚至连那些狗也恶狠狠地瞪着他,随时都有扑上来乱咬yy[作者简介]江晓雯(1975)),华东师范大学中文系98级研究生,研究方向:比较文学。
[收稿日期]2000-03-06一气的危险。
这个让人战战兢兢,一刻也不愿多停留的鬼地方,到底是一个怎样的所在呢?小说告诉我们,呼啸山庄是一个荒凉封闭,几乎与外界隔绝的地方。
而当你看完整部小说后,你会发现,这个呼啸山庄,正是作者苦心构建起来的一个顽强地抵制着男性话语侵入的女性心灵世界。
在那儿,一个女性的幽灵统辖着一切:凯瑟琳#恩肖,她是这儿的真正主人。
为了在男权社会中保存这个女性心灵世界的独立与不受侵犯,它不仅在地理环境上,而且在其他许多方面都拒人于千里之外。
它那种令人窒息的凄厉阴森的氛围与恶劣的天气,正是长期以来备受男权社会压抑的女性内心世界的真实写照。
与风光明媚,恬静幽雅的田园风光相比,呼啸山庄无疑保存了更多的女性意识与女性特征。
这当然并非男权社会所希冀、所赞美的温柔淑女或贤妻良母,而是在强大的男权压力下孤独、抑郁,却又洋溢着不可遏制的生命力与自身欲望的女性内心深处的自我意识与自我特征。
这样的女性,宁愿在属于自己的荒野地带孤独地流浪,也不愿成为舒适温馨的绅士家庭内幸福的主妇。
而那种幸福,却正是通过牺牲自身的个性与欲望,将自己改造成依附于男权家庭上的一株蔓藤而得以实现的。
在十九世纪的英国,这样的女性与那些被男性热情地赞美的天使们是那样格格不入。
因此,当男性社会的代表洛克五德先生初次拜访呼啸山庄)))这位不平凡的女性的心灵之家时,会感到那样震惊。
一方面是女主人凯瑟琳#恩肖通过呼啸山庄的一切人和物向这位男性闯入者表示着强烈的不满与敌意,男一方面是男权社会的绅士洛克伍德先生面对这种奇特的女性意识与女性特征深感恐惧与困惑。
洛克伍德先生的被排斥,事实上正意味着这位有着特殊气质的女主人为了保存自我的意识与特征而对男权社会所采取的强烈的排斥态度。
如果说,呼啸山庄是女性心灵世界的象征,那么,凯瑟的房间便是女性心灵世界里隐秘的一角。
当洛克伍德先生第二次来到呼啸山庄,被暴风雨阻挡了回程,而进入凯瑟琳的房间准备过夜时,他发现了窗台上的刻字以及在书面空白处留下的话语。
显然,这位男性闯入者不仅闯入了女主人凯瑟琳的私人空间,还阅读了她在/自己的房间0里用笔写下的话语。
弗吉尼亚#伍尔芙在5自己的房间6中提出,女子写作不仅要有足够的经济来源,还应有一个属于自己的房间,不受外界因素的干扰。
这个房间便是女性的自我生存空间。
绅士洛克伍德先生进入的这个房间便是少女时代的凯瑟琳心灵的生存空间。
她将自己的秘密、思想与情感写在书面的空白之外,并在这个生存空间内保存下来。
而贸然闯入的洛克伍德先生,未曾得到女主人凯瑟琳的许可,就粗暴地阅读了她的秘密,必定要受到她的惩罚)))他恶梦不断,未能睡个好觉。
女主人凯瑟琳的幽灵出现在他的梦魇里,她竭力要求进入自己的房间,而洛克伍德先生,这个陌生的男性闯入者却本能地百般阻挠,甚至不怕折磨她的肉体)))将她的胳膊在玻璃上来回磨擦,弄得鲜血淋漓。
但这个倔强的女性幽灵却并未放弃自己的要求。
这个可怕的梦魇事实上进一步真实地体现了女性保护自己的生存空间乃至心灵世界不受侵犯的执著态度,以及男性闯入者极其粗暴的干涉态度。
既然小说的开场向我们展现出这样一个封闭、神秘的女性心灵世界,并隐喻着女主人对男性闯入者,乃至男权社会的一切话语的强烈的排斥态度;那么,只要我们阅读下去,就不难发现,也正是因为这番不同寻常的遭遇,激起了洛克伍德先生对这一切的好奇心。
通过作为旁观者的女性丁艾伦太太,洛克伍德先生获悉了所有的事情。
为什么作者要选择这样一个开场呢?一方面是对男性的极端排斥,一方面却在无意间引起他的兴趣,并向他坦诚地泄露了一切秘密。
这种既拒绝敞开心扉又借他人之口敞开一切的态度,又说明了什么呢?为何在这部出自女作家之手的小说中,会出100哈尔滨师专学报2000年现这样复杂、矛盾的态度呢?让我们带着这些问题,对文本进行更深一步的解读。
女主人凯瑟琳#恩肖,到底是一位什么样的女性呢?现代女性主义评论家桑德拉#吉尔伯特与苏珊#格巴在她们的名著5阁楼上的疯女人6一书中,研究了西方十九世纪以前男性文学中两种不真实的女性形象)))天使与妖妇。
天使自然是那些纯洁美丽的理想女性,她们的主要行为都是向男性奉献或牺牲。
而那不肯顺从,不愿放弃自己的激情与欲望的凯瑟琳,在气质上似乎更接近于反叛的恶魔,但又不象莎翁笔下的高奈瑞尔和丽甘,萨克雷笔下的蓓姬#夏泼那样令人厌恶。
她美丽、任性、充满激情,自私自利,爱慕虚荣,又善良可爱。
总之,她是个介乎天使与恶魔之间,让人难以琢磨的女性形象。
她来自女性作家的创造,不同于男性作品中任何一位女性。
但在她身上,我们却可以更加真实地体验到女性心灵深处的激情与欲望。
那么,在小说中,希思克厉夫从何而来呢?他为何会在小说中出现,并在凯瑟琳死后又活了整整十八年?从故事的表层来看,恩肖先生答应从利物浦给凯瑟琳带来礼物,却带来了希思克厉夫。
可以说,希思克厉夫是因为凯瑟琳的要求而进入了呼啸山庄。
实际上,他正是凯瑟琳潜意识中梦寐以求的礼物。
在决定嫁给林的那天晚上,凯瑟琳曾说过这样的话:/我不能说清楚,可是你和别人当然都了解,除了你以外,还有,或者应该有,另一个你的存在。
如果我是完完全全都在这儿,那么创造我又有什么用处呢?0于是,希思克厉夫因为凯瑟琳的需要,并作为她的忠实伴侣而出现、而存在。
这无疑是对圣经模式的一种大胆的叛逆。
凯瑟琳为何需要这种不同寻常的礼物?也许,身处男权社会中的凯瑟琳已敏感地意识到自己作为女性所受到的种种压抑。
她不愿妥协,却耽心力不从心,因此需要一个具有同样气质的男性作为精神上的支柱与同谋。
他们一样对世俗社会心存叛逆,从小就一起携手对抗比他们更强大的男性法定继承人辛德雷。
而且,我们从阅读中得知,凯瑟琳的父亲似乎不怎么喜欢凯瑟琳,尤其是对她那种自由任性的男孩儿般的天性十分不满。
他甚至因为没有把凯瑟琳培养成温顺的乖女儿而倍感沮丧。
即使在她撒娇时,他还生气地斥责她:/不,凯蒂,我不能爱你,你比你哥哥还坏。
去,祈告去吧,孩子,求上帝饶恕你。
我想你母亲和我一定会后悔生养了你哩!0但对具有同样品性与气质的希思克厉夫,他却表现出非同寻常的关爱。
可见,他所憎恨的并非这种个性,而是这种个性在女孩儿身上的流露。
一旦当同样的性情体现在她的男性化身希思克厉夫身上,他却简直是溺爱着他了。
在老恩肖先生这边,他收养希思克厉夫在某种程度上是对凯瑟琳身为女孩的失望心理的一种补偿。
希思克厉夫不仅成为凯瑟琳的忠实伴侣,还替她承受了她身为女性享受不到的强烈的父爱。
另一方面,也正是父亲对她身为女性这事实的失望唤起了她心中的性别意识:迫切需要自己的另一个存在,自己灵魂的男性化身进入她的生活,帮她争取因为性别缺陷而无法得到的东西,分担起因为性别缺陷而不能完成的愿望。
倘若我们进一步从女性主义的角度来解读5呼啸山庄6,我们不妨可以将文本分为三大部分:一、女性的/自恋史0以及她对男权社会毫不妥协的反抗史;二、女性的复仇史;三、女性的追求史。
我们首先会看到一部女性的/自恋史0与反抗史。
当然,这儿/自恋0的概念需要界定,并不是指那种抑郁寡欢,顾影自怜的/自恋0,而是指一位女性对自我意识,对独立不羁,不受男权社会中心话语束缚的真正的自我的保护。
实际上她是不朽的爱人希思克厉夫的精神导师,自始至终,他都被牢牢地控制在她手中。
她因为自己的需要按照自己的灵魂创造了一位男性,并疯狂地爱上了他。
正如她自己所呼喊的:/我就是希思克厉夫!0 /我爱他,并不是因为他漂亮,而是因为他比我更像我自己。
不论我们的灵魂是用什101第4期江晓雯:风光奇特的女性心灵世界么材料构成的,他的灵魂和我的一模一样,,0事实上,她所爱的正是她自己,希思克厉夫不过是她的另一个分裂的自我。
当他们在一起时是如此强大,足以摧毁一切障碍。
那些男性社会的代表们:辛德雷、林、洛克伍德先生在他们面前显得那样柔弱,简直不堪一击。
当少女时代的凯瑟琳在无意间闯入了画眉田庄并被猛犬咬伤了脚踝后,一场企图将她从灰姑娘改造成高贵娇惯的公主的行动开始了。
在老林夫人的努力下,凯瑟琳果然变得大不相同了。
当她雍容华贵、举止端庄地出现在呼啸山庄时,她与她的另一个自我希思克厉夫之间却现出了深深的隔阂。
其实她正在无意间逐渐丧失真正的自我。
由于自身的弱点,她沉溺于虚荣之中不能自拔,努力使自己能在表面上尽量讨人喜欢,以符合男权社会所赞赏的淑女标准。
当她因为林年轻、活泼、有钱,可以使她成为附近最了不起的女人而决定嫁给林时,她的自我也离她而去)))希思克厉夫出走了。
同时,尽管渴望着虚荣心得以满足,但她还是感到快乐。
因为/在凡是灵魂存在的地方)))在我的灵魂里,而且在我的心里,我感到我是错了!0那场有关/天堂0的梦,实际上正暗示着她嫁给林后将面临的命运。