第二讲 定语从句与倒装句
高中英语高考应用文句式写作指导(倒装句+定语从句+名词性从句+非谓语结构+虚拟语气)
高考英语应用文句式写作指导一、倒装句1.部分倒装（1）结构never will I give up my dream.only after I finished a whole day’s picking work did I realize the hardship of farmers.总体结构：标志词（+标志词修饰的成分）+一般疑问句（+其他）（2）部分倒装的使用场景和写法第一步：标志词+修饰成分放句首第二步：主句改一般疑问句语序第三步：整合【使用场景1】因果关系[标志词]so/such...that如此...以至于我的老师给了我很多帮助，我永远都不会忘记她。
音乐节在我们学校很受欢迎，很多同学都会参加我非常了解中国画，可以给访客们介绍相关知识和绘画技巧。
在高中的第一年，英语对我来说太有挑战性了，我几乎要放弃。
【使用场景2】前提[标志词]onlyonly+副词：only then,only nowonly+介词短语：only in this way,only by working together,only with your help only+状语从句:only when,only if,only after只有做好充分的准备，我们才能赢得这次比赛通过这种方式，你才能彻底了解父母对你的爱完成一天的采摘工作后，我才理解了农民的辛苦【使用场景3】表达否定[标志词]never/seldom/little/in no way/by no means/on no account/under no circumstance/at no time等去中国朋友家里做客绝不应该迟到我们永远不会忘记你给我们的慷慨帮助你的妈妈永远不会伤害你【使用场景4】并列关系[标志词]not only...but also她不仅教给我们有用的知识，还给予我们及时的精神鼓励这些活动中，我们不仅能收获友谊，还能缓解身心压力在体育运动中，我们不仅可以提升身体素质，还可以培养团队精神在常规训练中，我们不仅要锻炼个人能力，还要增强团队合作我不仅可以帮忙组织活动，还可以现场展示中国画绘画技巧【使用场景5】前提[标志词]not...until...直到...才...直到我跑完全程，我才理解了坚持的重要性直到你离开学校，你才能真正感觉到学校生活的价值直到完成了所有的工作，我才理解了父母的辛苦【使用场景6】表达感谢/道歉/建议/感悟等[标志词]were/had（if虚拟条件句）如果我是你，我会和她面对面坦诚沟通一次如果不是因为你耐心的指导，我无法克服困难，树立信心。
(全)新概念英语第二册语法详解：倒装句+定语从句+It的用法
新概念英语第二册语法详解：倒装句+定语从句+It的用法倒装句知识要点：英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。
如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。
一、倒装的类型1.完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语之前。
Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.2.部分倒装：只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。
Seldom does he go to school late.二、倒装结构的基本用法1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装1) 疑问句中，用完全或部分倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序Where did he go last Monday?Are you listening to the radio?2) “there be”结构中，There are three wells in our village.There stands a big paper making factory by the river.3) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中，使用完全倒装结构。
但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。
There goes the bell.Now comes your turn to playDown she went.4) 在以neither nor 或no more开头的句子中，表示“……也不这样”，neither 和nor意思相同，可以替换使用；no more表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强，意为“也不……”。
I can’t swim, nor (neither) can she .He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there. He did not turn up. No more did his wife.5) 用在as（尽管）引导的让步状语从句中,从属连句as用于特殊语序，含义与though, although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照，必须用倒装（表语提前）。
最新高中英语语法原创详解-倒装句和定语从句
高考英语二轮语法复习学案（倒装句）英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。
但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。
将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。
强调性倒装和以so, neither, nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。
（一）倒装句的意义1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。
e.g. May I come in ?Was the People’s Liberation Army founded in 1927?2、为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。
e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.So early did he come to school that no other students came.（二）倒装的使用情况1、在“there be”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。
e.g. There is a box on the table.2、在疑问句中。
e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?What does your mother do?3、在here, there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。
如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。
（完全倒装）e.g. There goes the bell.Here is an apple for you.There she comes.4、重复倒装句型，用在以so, nor, neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。
so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。
e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.My parents didn’t watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) didI.5、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。
倒装句在定语从句的应用
倒装句在定语从句的应用Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】英语中的倒装现象俯拾即是，但定语从句中的倒装却鲜为人知，其实这种不太为大家注意的结构在现代英语中并不少见。
这类定语从句中的倒装一般有以下三个特点：1．从句多为非限制性定语从句，起补充描写作用。
如：Beowulfhas17expressionsforthe“sea”，…towhichshouldbeadded13morefromotherpoems．2．引导词多为关系代词，常以介词短语的形式出现。
如：（1）Themajorityoftheguests，amongwhomweremanyjournalistsandintellectualmen，disapprovedofthedeathpenalty．大多数客人反对死刑，其中有不少记者和文人。
（2）Thenationisdividedgeographicallyintomorethan90areas，ineachofwhichisa“LimitedStateDistrictCourt”．全国分成90多个地理区域，各区都有州立地方法庭。
有时，也可用关系副词where。
如：（1）Sheknewalittlecornerwherewastheseatbeneaththeyewtree．她熟悉一个小小的角隅，那里有棵紫杉树，树下有个座位。
3．定语从句中的谓语动词常为be或表示动向和静止方位的不及物动词。
如：（1）Hedescribeditas “averyagreeablesituationlocatedwithintwosmallhills，inthemidstofwhichflowedagreatriver”．他将其描绘成“一个位于两山中间的非常可爱宜人的地方、一条大河从那里穿流而过。
”（2）Theyarrivedatafarmhouse，infrontofwhichsatasmallboy．他们来到一个农家，屋前坐着位小男孩。
文言倒装句之定语从句前置句说课稿
文言倒装句之定语从句前置句说课稿介绍本课以文言倒装句之定语从句前置句为主题，通过分析倒装句结构和定语从句的特点，探讨其在句子中的运用方式和语法要点。
本课适合高中语文课程的教学，旨在帮助学生理解和运用文言倒装句和定语从句。
教学目标1. 理解文言倒装句的定义和用法。
2. 熟悉定语从句的结构和特点。
3. 掌握倒装句和定语从句的运用技巧。
4. 能够辨别和改写文言倒装句和定语从句。
教学内容1. 文言倒装句的定义和用法- 文言倒装句是指将句子的谓语动词调到主语前面的句子结构。
其目的是为了加强语气、突出重点或使诗歌、文章更加优美。
- 倒装句的构成形式：状语+主谓+其他成分。
例如：“知彼不秀，亦可与谋”，“敢问阎罗王，几时许少阳？”- 文言倒装句常见的句型有主谓倒装、主语倒装、状语倒装等。
2. 定语从句的结构和特点- 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，用来限定或描述名词的具体内容。
- 定语从句的引导词通常有：关系代词“的”、“之”、“者”、“所”等，以及关系副词“在”、“于”、“以”等。
- 定语从句的位置一般在被修饰的名词之后，但在文言文中，定语从句常常放在被修饰的名词之前，形成前置句。
3. 倒装句和定语从句的运用技巧- 利用倒装句可以使句子更加凝练、生动有力。
倒装句可用于修辞、对偶、抒情等表达方式。
- 前置句可以使文章更有节奏感，语意更加紧凑。
教学方法- 讲解法：通过讲解倒装句和定语从句的定义、特点和运用技巧，帮助学生掌握相关知识。
- 组织讨论：引导学生对文言倒装句和定语从句进行分析和归纳，提高学生的理解和运用能力。
- 实例演练：给学生提供一些具体的句子例子，让他们进行改写和运用，加深对倒装句和定语从句的理解。
教学评价通过本课的研究，希望学生能够达到以下评价标准：1. 能正确理解文言倒装句和定语从句的定义和用法。
2. 能够辨别并改写文言倒装句和定语从句。
3. 能够运用倒装句和定语从句进行句子改写和文言文写作。
4. 能够在文言文阅读和写作中灵活运用倒装句和定语从句，提升文章表达能力。
高考英语 定语从句知识点归纳讲解(课件)
试卷讲评课件
▲ as通常以the same … as或such … as的形式引导定语从句，as在定 语从句中作主语、宾语或表语等。 as和which引导非限制性定语从句中都能指代整句内容，which译为“这”， as 译为“正如”。但定语从句位于句首时只能用as。As we all know,…/As is known to all,…(正如大家所知道….)
二、定语从句的关系词用法
试卷讲评课件
(一)关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose、as
关系代词 who whom whose which that as
先行词 人 人
人/物 物
人/物 人/物
在从句中充当的成分 主语、宾语、表语
宾语 定语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语 主语、宾语、表语
三、非限制性定语从句
试卷讲评课件
非限定性定语从句，从句式上看，有逗号隔开。它既可以修饰先行词， 也可修饰整个句子。它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、 说明的作用。 1.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that 2. 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。例如： I had told them the reason，for which I didn't attend the meeting. 3. 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导 非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。
Tranquil/ˈtræŋkwəl/
试卷讲评课件
Li Shangyin(李商隐) 1.Li Shangyin was a Chinese poet of the late Tang Dynasty and born in Henei. 2.Li Shangyin was a typical late Tang poet. His works are sensuous, dense and allusive. 3.His most famous and cryptic poem is called Jin Se. sensuous/ˈsenʃuəs/ , dense/dens/ and allusive/əˈluːʒən/ .敏感、晦涩、含 沙射影。 Shangguan Wan'er(上官婉儿) 1. Shangguan Wan'er was a talented woman in Tang dynasty.
定语从句倒装句状语从句如何替换使用
定语从句/倒装句/状语从句如何替换使用英语考试涉及到语法最常见的有3种句式：定语从句，倒装句，状语从句，这三种句式在英语写作考试中可以替换使用。
1. 定语从句：China is the largest developing country and is enjoying rapid economic growth. As a result, in the streets of major cities in China, there are thousands of vehicles of all kinds.As the largest developing country, China is enjoying rapid economic growth, the evidence of which can be seen in all major cities whose streets are teeming with thousands of vehicles of all kinds.2. 倒装句：Young people are so impulsive and easily influenced that they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.Impulsive and easily influenced as young people are, they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.3. 伴随状语：It is common now for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week because they have to sit through one extra class after another.It is common for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week, sitting through one extra class afteranother.。
定语从句和反意疑问句及倒装句的重点与难点.doc
定语从句的一些重点和难点：（1）在下列情况下通常用 thatA, 当先行词是 all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,the one等不定代词时，常用that引导定语从句。
e.g. :All that can be done has been done.但当先行词是one,ones,anyone或someone 时，用who/whom引导B, 先行词前有only,few,little,no,all,any,every,very等词修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。
e.g.:This is the very book that I want to read.C, 先行词前有序数词或形容词的最高级形式对其修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。
e.g.:This is the first letter that I'v received from him since he left.D, 在并列的先行词中既有人又有物时，不能用who或whom ，也不能用which ，而要用that引导定语从句。
e.g.：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.E,被修饰的成分在主句中是系动词be后的表语，或关系代词本身在定语从句中作表语时，常用that引导定语从句，或省略that。
e.g.:She is no longer the sweet little girl that she used to be .F, 主句以there be...开头时指物用that引导定语从句，但指人用who引导定语从句。
e.g.:There is a room in that building that is still free.G，主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时，常用that引导定语从句。
定语从句讲解ppt课件
04
指方式：如how
关系代词与关系副词辨析方法及实例分析
方法一
看有无先行词，有先行词的是关系代词，无先行词的是关系 副词。
方法二
看先行词指人、物、时间、地点还是原因，分别用不同的关 系代词或关系副词。
关系代词与关系副词辨析方法及实例分析
实例分析 This is the place where we met. (先行词指地点，用关系副词where)
组织信息
通过使用定语从句，可以将相关的信 息组织在一起，使文章更加有逻辑性 。
THANK YOU
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关系代词
如that, which, who, whom等，用于引导名词 性从句，代替先行词在从 句中充当某个成分。
关系副词
如when, where, why等 ，用于引导定语从句，表 示时间、地点或原因关系 。
特殊引导词
如as, whose, than等，用 于引导定语从句，表示特 定的关系。
引导词选择依据与技巧
when与where的区别
when和where都可以引导定语从句表示时间或地点关系，但when更侧重于时间上的关系 ，而where更侧重于地点上的关系。
whose与of which的区别
whose和of which都可以引导定语从句表示所属关系，但whose更侧重于表示所属关系 ，而of which更侧重于表示部分关系。
作用
通过定语从句，可以更准确地表 达意思，使句子结构更加丰富和 复杂。
分类与特点
分类
根据引导词的不同，定语从句可以分 为关系代词引导的定语从句和关系副 词引导的定语从句。
特点
定语从句通常放在被修饰的名词或代 词之后，形成一个复合句。引导词在 定语从句中充当一定的成分，如主语 、宾语、状语等。
专四英语之倒装句和定语从句
一、英语倒装句1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。
【名词倒装,代词不倒装】Our teacher came in. In came our teacher.这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。
主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
Here it is. / Away he went. /Look, there he comes. 看，他来了。
/Down she went.她下来了。
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here comes the bus.Out rushed the boys.2. 副词now, then, thus 引导的句子里，谓语是come, follow, begin, end, be 等．Now comes your turn! 到你了。
Thus ended the meeting. 会议结束了。
Then came the dog.Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。
这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do. Under a big tree __D______, half asleep.A. did sat a fat manB. a fat man satC. did a fat man satD. sat a fat man4. there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“there + lives, stands, comes, lies, flows, enters, rises 和appears等。
There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house. In front of the tower flews a stream. 5. so + 动词+主语 ; neither/ nor + 动词+主语 表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。
定语从句,倒装句,情态动词
13年4月13日日星期六
倒装句
翻译练习
1. By no means (他把自自己己当成专家) although he knows a lot about the field. does he consider himself as an expert 2. Only when I reached my thirties 是不能被忽视的). (我才意识到读书
13年4月13日日星期六
定语从句
关于定语从句的几几个基本概念
1.The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 2.The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside. 3.He lives in a room whose window faces south. 4.We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 5.There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 6.This is the village where he was born.
13年4月13日日星期六
定语从句
1.我3年前种下去的苹果树从来没有结过果。 2.他在很多人人面面前的时候有点紧张，这是可以理解的。 3.我把会议推迟到下周一一，那时他就有空参加了。 4.Smith先生生是以为著名的作家，我从他那里里学到很多。
13年4月13日日星期六
情态动词
考察最多的为情态动词的特殊用用法 If you must smoke , please go out. We were all ready, but the baby must get sick.
定语从句和倒装
(一) 基本句型1. He gave me a book. I read the book.---I read the book (that) he gave me.(宾语)2.The boy came to the zoo. He liked the panda best.---The boy who liked the panda best came to the zoo.（主语）3. The building is a supermarket. Its roof we can see from here.---The building is a supermarket whose roof we can see from here.（定语）---The building is a supermarket, the roof of which we can see from here.4. That is the place. He was born in the place.---That is the place where (=in which) he was born.（地点状语）表地点场合的名词（place/hotel/town/city…）＋where(=in, at which)5. I shall never forget the day. New China was founded on that day.---I shall never forget the day when (on which) New China was founded.（时间状语）表时间的名词(time/year/day…)＋when(=at, on, in , during which) —————————————————---She couldn’t help thinking of the five years. She had spent the five years in the countryside.---She couldn’t help thinking of the five years （that）she had spent in the countryside. (宾语)6. He didn’t give the reason. He w as absent yesterday for this reason.---He didn’t give the reason why (for which) he was absent yesterday.（原因状语）_______________________________---I can’t accept the reason. He gave the reason.---I can’t accept the reason that he gave.（宾语）7. I don’t l ike the way. He talks in this way.---I don’t like the way that (in which) he talks.（that或in which通常省略）（方式状语）———————————————---The reason for our success is our people and the way they’re treated and the way they feel about their company.我们之所以成功是由于我们的员工，是由于他们所受到的待遇以及他们对公司的感情。
英语语序—从句和倒装句
英语句子的基本语序英语和其他屈折语一样，都是主谓宾语序的定语状语，定语状语，根据使用结构的不同以及考虑句子平衡，根据使用结构的不同以及考虑句子平衡，根据使用结构的不同以及考虑句子平衡，前置后置都很多，前置后置都很多，前置后置都很多，一般短的一般短的前置，长而复杂的以从句形式后置。
英语顺装句即“主语或主语部分在前，谓语或谓语部分在后”英语顺装句即“主语或主语部分在前，谓语或谓语部分在后”例如，Martin and Jill are standing near some machines. Jill is very angry. Her five pence piece is in a machine but the coffee still is not out. l 从句中的语序——陈述句语序从句中的语序——陈述句语序A 限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性和非限制性定语从句 （***）定语从句及相关术语 1】.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2】.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, that, which, which, which, who, who, who, wh wh om, om, whose, whose, whose, as as 等；关系副词有where, where, when, when, when, why why 等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
一、关系代词（在从句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. 1. that that 既可代表事物也可代表人，which 代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which 在从句中作宾语也可以省略。
第二讲 定语从句与倒装句
第二讲定语从句与倒装句一、复习：虚拟语气1)I wish _______________ (我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).2)If only _______________ (他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would nothave killed himself.3)——Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?——I’d rather he ______________ _ (漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).4)It’s high time that ______________ _ (采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).5)Hugh usually talks ______________ _ (仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).6)We insist that _______________ (让杰克立刻进医院).7)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________ (取消期中考试).8)It is essential that ______________ _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).9)_______________ (如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would havehad quite a comfortable journey.10)I was to have made a speech ______________ _(要不是有人把我的话打断了).11)_______________ (如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.12)If the doctor had not come in time, _______________ (他现在就不在人间了).13)But for his help, _______________ (我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).14)Were I in your place, _______________ (我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).15)Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).二、语法讲解定语从句（Attributive clauses）在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。
定语从句和倒装
定语从句(一) 基本句型1. He gave me a book. I read the book.---I read the book (that) he gave me.(宾语)2.The boy came to the zoo. He liked the panda best.---The boy who liked the panda best came to the zoo.（主语）3. The building is a supermarket. Its roof we can see from here.---The building is a supermarket whose roof we can see from here.（定语）---The building is a supermarket, the roof of which we can see from here.4. That is the place. He was born in the place.---That is the place where (=in which) he was born.（地点状语）表地点场合的名词（place/hotel/town/city…）＋where(=in, at which)5. I shall never forget the day. New China was founded on that day.---I shall never forget the day when (on which) New China was founded.（时间状语）表时间的名词(time/year/day…)＋when(=at, on, in , during which) —————————————————---She couldn’t help thinking of the five years. She had spent the five years in the countryside.---She couldn’t help thinking of the five years （that）she had spent in the countryside. (宾语)6. He didn’t give the reason. He was ab sent yesterday for this reason.---He didn’t give the reason why (for which) he was absent yesterday.（原因状语）_______________________________---I can’t accept the reason. He gave the reason.---I can’t accept the reason that he gave.（宾语）7. I don’t like th e way. He talks in this way.---I don’t like the way that (in which) he talks.（that或in which通常省略）（方式状语）———————————————---The reason for our success is our people and the way they’re treated and the way they feel about their company.我们之所以成功是由于我们的员工，是由于他们所受到的待遇以及他们对公司的感情。
详解定语从句之倒装结构
详解定语从句之倒装结构详解定语从句之倒装结构现实生活中，总有一部分同学认为会语法不重要，只要多认识单词就可以了，实际上很多的句子翻译需要运用到语法。
“介词+关系代词+从句谓语+从句主语”，即将整个谓语放在主语前面。
我们的学习不仅要知其然，还要知其所以然。
那么，为什么要采用倒装呢？往往是因为定语从句的主语较复杂，所以按照英语的尾重原则而后置了。
【句子拆分】this is the world——主句；out of which ... of a society——定语从句，修饰world；where there ... from fear——定语从句，修饰society。
【翻译难点】1、for the first time in history 为插入语，不要因此影响了对原句的理解。
插入语可以先不看，再调整原句语序，得到 the hope of a society grows out of which (the world)，表示”希望建立这样一个社会“。
2、freedom from want and freedom from fear，其中freedom from来自于形容词短语 free from，表示“免除，没有”。
另外要注意名词want 意思为”贫困“。
所以整个短语可译成”摆脱贫困，摆脱恐惧“。
【译文】在这个世界，人类首次希望建立这样一个社会——在那里，他们将会摆脱贫困，摆脱恐惧。
定语从句句型一、疑问句中考查定语从句1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week？A. whereB. the oneC. on whichD. /【解析】答案是D。
命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。
遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
二、倒装句中考查定语从句2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.A. whichB. thatC. /D. where【解析】正确答案是D。
高中定于从句、倒装句规则背诵（超全超棒!!）
高中定于从句、倒装句规则背诵（超全超棒!!）倒装句规则一、完全倒装（主语为名词时才倒装）谓语动词+主语形式：陈述语序完全倒装语序一般现在时The boy comes in. In comes the boy.一般过去时The boy came in. In came the boy.一般将来时The boy will come in. In will come the boy. 现在完成时The boy has come in. In has come the boy. 过去完成时The boy had come in. In had come the boy. 含情态动词The boy can come in. In can come the boy.1.There+be,live,stand,come,lie,appear...表“存在”eg: 那里住着一个巫师。
There lives a wizard.2.Here/There/Now/Then开头（一般现在时）eg: 来了一辆公车。
Here comes a bus.3.Up/down/out/away/in等表地点、方位的副词开头eg: 一个男孩跑出来了。
Out ran the boy.4.地点状语提前eg: 墙上挂着一件大衣。
On the wall hangs a coat.二、部分倒装be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词形式：陈述语序部分倒装语序一般现在时I know little about it. Little do I know about it.一般过去时I knew little about it. Little did I know about it.一般将来时I will never come back. Never will I com e back.现在完成时I has never come back. Never has I come back.过去完成时I had never seen him... Never had I seen him...含情态动词I can do little for him. Little can I do for him.含be动词She was not my sister. Not was she my sister.1.Not/No/Few/Little...否定词开头eg:我对他一无所知。
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第二讲定语从句与倒装句一、复习：虚拟语气1)I wish _______________ (我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).2)If only _______________ (他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would nothave killed himself.3)——Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?——I’d rather he ______________ _ (漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).4)It’s high time that ______________ _ (采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).5)Hugh usually talks ______________ _ (仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).6)We insist that _______________ (让杰克立刻进医院).7)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________ (取消期中考试).8)It is essential that ______________ _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).9)_______________ (如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would havehad quite a comfortable journey.10)I was to have made a speech ______________ _(要不是有人把我的话打断了).11)_______________ (如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.12)If the doctor had not come in time, _______________ (他现在就不在人间了).13)But for his help, _______________ (我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).14)Were I in your place, _______________ (我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).15)Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).二、语法讲解定语从句（Attributive clauses）在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
构成: 先行词+ 关系词+ 从句1．关系代词：1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。
关系代词充当宾语可以省略。
例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，。
例如：Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指物）The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.（指人）3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。
例如：Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作主语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
（which / that在句中作宾语）2. 关系副词引导的定语从句when = on (in, at, during…) + which;where = in (at, on…) + which;why = for which. 如：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.注：先行词是the way时，其后的定语从句关系词有三种，例如：I like the way in which / (that) the teacher gives his lessons.从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。
也就是说要看先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分试比较：I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略)I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）The reason （that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday is unbelievable.( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略)The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday is unbelievable.（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）3. 关系代词that与which；that与who的一些特殊用法：指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that：1）先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词；或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时：Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?注：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以，如：There is something that/which keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。
”2) 先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词the first, the second…, the last修饰时：This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.3) 先行词被the only，the very修饰时：The only thing that matters is to find our way home.4) 先行词既有人又有物时：They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.5) 当主句是由who或which引导的特殊问句时，为避免重复，定语从句中常用that：Who is the man that is standing by the door?Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?只能用which 的两种情况1) 非限制性定语从句,先行词为物e.g. Yangtze river, which is the third longest river, lies in China.2) 整句话当先行词It rained a lot, which made a flood happened只能用as, 不能用which, that, who 的两种情况1) 先行词被such, the same 修饰时e.g. I’ve never heard of such a terr ible earthquake as you told me.You are using the same pen as I lost yesterday. (像，两支)You are using the same pen that I lost yesterday.（正是，同一支）2) 非限制性定语从句提前,关系词用as,“正如…所知道,所期望…的一样”e.g. As we know，Taiwan belongs to China,当先行词是anyone, those, these, he, she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that：Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here.Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，通常用that而不用who：He is no longer the man that he used to be.4. 一种特殊的非限制性定语从句在非限制性定语从句中，有时根据句子意思，常把some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)We have tested three hundred types of boots, none of which is/are completely waterproof.(比较：We have tested three hundred types of boots, but none of them is/are completely waterproof.)定语从句中易犯的错误1. 在定语从句中加了多余的定语e.g. So me of the boys I invited them didn’t come. (them)2. 把定语从句谓语动词的单复数弄错e.g. Anyone who break the rules will be punished. (breaks)Those who has finished may go home. (have)He is the only one of the teachers who know English in our school. (knows)This is one of the rooms that is free now. (are)3. 误省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词e.g. Children ∧ eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. (who / that)4. 定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词a). The house where he lives in needs repairing. ( where he lives 或that he lives in)b) I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing. ( the day when 或the day on which)5. 在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用关系代词或关系副词I still remember the day when we spent together. (that / which)This is the house where we lived in last year. (that /which)6. 在先行词reason 后错用关系副词whyI don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late. (that /which)7. 主句不完整,首先要补充完整This factory is ∧ that I worked in. (the one )8. what 引导的名词性从句做主语,宾语,表语That can be done has already been done. (what)9. 误将强调句型当定语从句I was in the kitchen where the fire broke out. (that)练习：1．All ____ is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thingB. thatC. whatD. which2．He paid the boys $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which3．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom4．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made theothers unhappy.A .who B. which C. this D. what5．①John is the only one of the students who ____ French．②John is one of the students who ____ French．A．know B．knows C．knowing D．known6．①This is the knife ____ I usually cut my pencil．②This is the knife ____ I usually use to cut my pencil．A．with which B．which C．by which D．with that7．①Who lives in the house ____ windows face south？② Who lives in the house ____ the windows face south？A．whose B．which C．of which D．that8．①Is this factory ____ you visited last year？②Is this the factory ____ you visited last year？A．that B．of which C．the one D．where9．①When I have trouble，he is the only one ____I can ask for help．②When I have trouble，he is the only one ____ I can go for help．A．whom B．to whom C．which D．to who10．①The reason ____ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way．②The reason ____he was late was that his car broke down on the way．A．for which B．which C．how D．what翻译：The social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, (其中较大的一笔到明年将全部用完）。