2023-2024学年江苏省南京市中华中学高三上学期10月学情检测英语试卷

2023-2024学年江苏省南京市中华中学高三上学期10月学情检测英语试卷When you try to blow out a lot of candles, you may not have enough air in your lungs to get them all. Here’s how to measure your lung capacity.What you’ll need·Plastic bottle, such as a camping water container that holds a little more than 2 liters of water. A 2-liter soft drink bottle may be large enough: try the experiment and see.·Plastic tube 60 centimeters long.·Large mixing bowl·Rubber bands(橡皮筋)·Ruler·Helper (not a must).(1) Fill the bowl about one-third full of water and fill the bottle to the top with water.(2) Hold your hand over the top of the bottle, turn it upside down and put its top under the water in the bowl: your helper will hold the bottle in place.(3) Tie the ruler to the bottle with rubber bands.(4) Put the tube in the neck of the bottle, breathe deeply. Hold your nose and blow hard into the tube as long as you can.What happened?How much water did you blow out?Compare the amount of air you blew into the bottle to the amount of liquid the bottle can hold (2 liters, for example).Do this test on different people and see who has the largest and smallest lung capacity.1. What’s the purpose of the experiment?A．To measure how much water you can blow out once.B．To test the size of different people’s lungs.C．To know the amount of air your lungs can hold.D．To hold the air that you blow out at a time.2. In this experiment what’s water in the bottle used to do?A．To hold the air you blow out. B．To show the size of the bottle.C．To measure the air you blow out. D．To display the process of the experiment.3. Which of the following statement indicates the experimenter has a larger lung capacity?A．Less water is left in the bottle after the experiment.B．The experimenter blows out air harder.C．Less water is left in the bowl after the experiment.D．The experimenter breaths deeply enough.I arrived home from work, my mind racing. I was scheduled to perform an experiment using a pricey piece of equipment, but I had spent the whole day worrying about the experiment which was on the top of my agenda, and I amazingly longed to shut off my anxious thoughts. So after dinner, I made a cup of hot chocolate, stretched myself on my sofa, and opened a page. Almost instantly, my mind left behind the details of experimental design and stepped into a land of monsters, magic dust, and man-like bears comprising a wonderful world distinct from my daily life. It was exactly what I needed.Growing up, I was virtually never a big fan of novels. My classmates would be crazy about the latest Harry Potter book, while my copy sat collecting dust on a shelf. Instead, I would choose to read through the reference books related to my disciplines for better grades. After I started graduate school, extracurricular reading didn’t appeal to me at all but I spent most of my time on campus digesting research papers and textbooks and my mind couldn’t handle processing fact-filled nonfiction books at home, too. So I knew that I needed to find a way to enjoy reading again.To help me stick with it, I made a New Year’s resolution: I would read two fiction books per month for the entire year. The result was an almost instant appreciation of fiction, along with many unexpected results including ones that have benefited my schoolwork.What surprised me the most was how much I learned. Some of the best books I read were historical fictional stories happening in a realistic historical setting. I learned about life in different countries, as well as struggles people there faced during difficult periods in their histories. The books havehelped me build sympathy and understanding, with an unexpected benefit: I’ve started to think more deeply about the diversity of issues in the scientific community and could serve it, heart and soul.4. What did the author do to wipe out the anxiety?A．He drowned it in chocolate. B．He conducted an experiment.C．He slept on the sofa leisurely. D．He escaped into a fantasy world.5. What does the author mean by the underlined part in paragraph 2?A．Reading novels was a waste of time.B．Reading a good book was time well spent.C．He was too busy to take good care of his books.D．The Harry Potter book wasn’t as good as expected.6. How did the New Year ’s resolution benefit the author?A．More sympathy went out to him.B．His moral values were strengthened.C．He learned much about religious diversity.D．He gained new insight into his academic discipline.7. What’s the best title of the text?A．Reading: A Lifelong Hobby B．The Power of Research PapersC．Novels: Love at Second Sight D．The Benefits of History ReadingIn the animal kingdom, mimics (模仿) are not rare. Stick insects pretend to be twigs. Hawk moth caterpillars resemble poisonous snakes. The examples, though, are visual. Auditory mimicry is rarer. Danilo Russo of the University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a novel case of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them.Dr. Russo first noticed bat buzzing a few years ago. The noise struck him as similar to the sound of some bees. He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to frighten away would-be predators.To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by different bees. Computer analysis revealed that be es’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar.Then the researchers recruited several owls. They put the owls, one at a time, in an enclosure with branches for them to stay on, and two boxes with holes in them. They placed a loudspeaker alongside one of the boxes, and after the birds had settled in, broadcast through it five seconds ofuninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amount of insect buzzing three times in a row for each noise. As a control, they broadcast in like manner several non-buzzing sounds made by bats.During the broadcasts and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. After analysis, the results were unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer.Dr. Russo believes this is the first reported case of a mammal using auditory mimicry to scare away a predator. They strongly suspect, however, that it is not unique. Anecdotes suggest several birds also make buzzing noises when their nests are disturbed. And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is far more widespread than currently realized.8. What was Dr. Russo’s hypothesis of the study?A．Bats imitate the voice of angry bees to frighten away enemies.B．The buzzing of bats is similar to the sound of some bees.C．Auditory mimicry is rather common in the animal kingdom.D．Only some bats have the capacity of auditory mimicry.9. How did Dr. Russo test his idea?A．By consulting experts in this field.B．By referring to other scholars’ analysis.C．By collecting computer data.D．By conducting series of scientific experiments.10. What does the underlined word “unequivocal” in paragraph 5 possibly mean?A．Disappointing. B．Controversial. C．Definite. D．Uncertain.11. What is the main idea of the text?A．Bats get a new trick to scare away owls.B．Bats mimic buzzing to frighten away predators.C．Bats are no longer victim to owls.D．Bats’ auditory mimicry behavior is widespread among animals.While teenagers who are at risk of depression with risky behaviors-drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes and cutting classes often alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing, a new study find s that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same mental symptoms.These teens use tons of media, get insufficient sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle. Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerous position. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been called the “invisible risk” group by the study’s authors.The study’s authors surveyed 15,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking and high media use. Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers. The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.The findings caught Carli off guard. “We didn’t expect that,” he says. “The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious, but this third group was not only unexpected. It was so distinct and so larger-—nearly one third of our sample-that it became a key finding of the study.”Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identifications, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.12. Which teen ager probably belongs to the “invisible group”?A．A teenager who drinks frequently.B．A teenager who exercises regularly.C．A teenager who skips school.D．A teenager who suffers from a lack of sleep.13. What can we know about the new study?A．It was conducted by analyzing and comparing the previous data.B．It was intended to dig into the reasons for depression.C．It revealed an alarming rate of the invisible group suffering depression.D．Its findings were under expectation of the research team.14. What is Carli’s attitude toward the findings?A．Conservative. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.15. The author wrote this passage to__________.A．introduce a new therapy for teens’ mental disorderB．warn about the unobserved signals for teens’ m ental problemsC．share a novel psychological experiment with teensD．caution teens against developing unhealthy habitsPeople refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of “muscle memory”, the result of a motor learnin g. 16 It is a phenomenon that previously trained muscles acquire strength after a period of disuse.Previous research has shown that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves. In one study of mice, the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply in response to an overload of training, those extra nuclei aren’t lost during subsequent periods of inactivity. They are retained (保留), essentially waiting to be reactivated. If you fell off the fitness wagon (马车) during the pandemic, d on’t be frustrated. Once you have got additional nuclei, you are banking the capacity. 17 In fact, a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks of retraining were needed to regain your former fitness. It depends on how fit you were initially, how long the layoff was, how old you are and how long you’d been exercising.18 It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness. And the principle applies to both resistance training and endurance training. The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing, and then gradually increase in terms of duration, frequency, then intensity. 19Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport. 20 You will never know how much muscle memory you may have until you start training again.Now Merda spent another couple of hours wandering among the endless orange trees. No_________ of civilization, so he re-entered the woods and soon found himself in swamp (沼泽) water.He labored for hours as the sun_________. Tall, thick grasses and thorns blocked his way; mud and water _________his boots. He tried to navigate by the sun but kept losing it. Each time he picked out a _________or chose a beeline course, he became_________lost again after just a few minutes. Darkness was falling when at last he re-emerged onto the shore of the lake. The water was surprisingly cold, especially as it deepened. Merda started out paddling strongly for the opposite_________, drinking lake water to ease his awful thirst. He swam on, but some strange_________prevented his progress. He was a good swimmer, yet he_________kept diverging (偏离)from his goal. It was maddening. but he_________ to give in to emotion. The sun disappeared and the stars came out, and still he struggled. And that’s__________he saw the alligator (短吻鰐). Before he could swim a stroke, before he could__________out a scream, the creature struck like a snake. It sank its teeth into Merda’s forearm, and __________ him u nderwater.Merda went into__________ mode. He threw his other arm around the alligator’s middle, grabbing at its belly. Merda resurfaced, __________for air, but just as quickly the alligator yanked (猛拉) him under again. Merda felt the flesh of his arm__________away as the arm was cut off. The creature disappeared into the darkness, carrying Merda’s forearm with it.No pain yet, only terror. Then he realized he was the only one who could get himself out of this. He positioned himself up against the trunk of the tree and waited for dawn.21.A．conflict B．sign C．identity D．guarantee22.A．sank B．rose C．shone D．appeared23.A．surrounded B．filled C．wrapped D．packed24.A．signal B．shape C．landscape D．landmark25.A．hopelessly B．tirelessly C．effortlessly D．carelessly26.A．river B．bank C．port D．coast27.A．plant B．animal C．fish D．current28.A．somehow B．somewhat C．somewhere D．sometimes29.A．prepared B．refused C．regretted D．promised30.A．how B．where C．when D．why31.A．carry B．try C．let D．give32.A．dragged B．pushed C．knocked D．swallowed 33.A．rest B．panic C．defense D．fight34.A．passionate B．frustrated C．terrified D．desperate35.A．tearing B．washing C．putting D．driving阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。