雅思写作单词词组替换
写作211同义词重点替换词全集
国内考生常用的表达更得分的表达方式
名词
1
things that one tries hard
to do
one's undertakings / one's commitments
2 The fact is that... The reality is that...
3 joy happiness / delight / enjoyment
4 sadness sorrow / grief
5 danger
hazard / peril (后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般）
[派生] dangerous; hazardous
6 education schooling (指学校教育家庭教育则用upbringing / parenting) [区分]家庭教育的两个词upbringing和parenting的区别在于：upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，比如children's upbringing；而parenting是从家长的角度来说，比如sensible parenting.
7 advertisement/ advertising 如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中宪全可以把广告种类细化，比如commercials (电视或者互联网上的广告）,flyers (传单广告,北京最常见的形式“135 * * * * ,办证”），billboards (大幅的广告牌）或non-profit advertisements = public-interest advertisements (公益广告）
8 car automobile
9 economic crisis economic meltdown (很接近)/ recession (这个一般仅仅还是衰退)/ the Great Depression (这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了)
10 famous people celebrities (单数为celebrity)
11
human beings (被考生使
用过多）humanity (注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科) / the human race
12 wealth fortune(s) (fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数）
13 [相关]rich wealthy / affluent (adj.)
14 skill
technique (注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而不
是technology科技)
15 [派生]skilled adept / adroit (adj.)
16 method
methodology (国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是
method的故作高深版）
17 field sphere / domain / arena
18 understanding of grasp of / command of
19 choice option
20 cooperation collaboration
21
basic structure in a city or
a country
infrastructure
22 tiredness for a long time fatigue
23 is a must for is a prerequisite for (是……的必备先决条件）
24 the Internet
the information highway (一篇考生作文里Internet 被使用
十几次是常事儿）
25 honesty integrity
26 strong belief faith (in)
27 aim intention
28 worries anxieties (是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）
29 influence impact / repercussion / implication
30 influence on each other mutual influence (类似的表达还有mutual respect, mutual trust 和mutual understanding / interaction between A and B / interplay between A and B
31 many different kinds of a variety of... / a wide array of... / a wide range of...
32
wrong ideas held by many
people
misconceptions
33 fame prestige / sterling reputation
34 range spectrum
35 sense recognition
36 art
component (这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中也经常指"
部分“）
37 wise [相关]sensible (adj.)
38 gap disparity
39
a system for a particular
purpose
a mechanism for...
40 a solution to sth. a remedy for sth.(生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题旳解决办法，注意搭配的介词不同）
41 bad students unruly students / disruptive students
42 bad behavior unethical behavior / immoral behavior
43
organizations that help poor
people
charities / charitable organizations
44 difference distinction
45 [派生]be different from be distinct from (adj.)
46 person individual
47 personality disposition
48 businesses enterprises (这里指企业）
49 prices that are too high exorbitant prices
50 the rate of...
the incidence of…（后面一般跟坏事儿，比如unemployment/
crime / a disease)
51 intense enthusiasm zeal / passion
52
cultural globalization (有过
多人使用这个词）
global cultural homogenization
53 a thing that is necessary a necessity
54
a thing that is new and
interesting
a novelty
55 a thing that is rare a rarity
56
things that people are not
sure about
uncertainties
57 a world language a universal language
58 friends companions
59 relaxation recreation
60 self-respect self-esteem and dignity
61 respect sb. / sth. hold sb. /sth. in high regard
62 [反义]look down on... treat... with contempt = despise (\/.)
63 self-control self-discipline
64 criminal convict
65 prisoner inmate
66 drinks =alcoholic beverages
67
people who walk on the
street
pedestrians
68 old generations in history ancestors
69
a person who benefits from
sth.
a beneficiary of sth.
70 a disease that spreads quickly an epidemic (注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾，却不是形容词）
71 a very unpleasant way of life
misery
a task that requires lots of
72
an arduous task
effort
73 emotion sentiment
74 enemy opponent / foe
75 narrow minds insular minds (狭隘的头脑或者观念）
76 a way to do sth. a approach to doing sth. / an avenue towards sth.
77 hobby pastime / diversion
progression (经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于society/ 78 progress
career/technology 的话题）
79 failure setback (注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）
significance (当你用了一次importance 之后，第二次不妨80 importance
用这个）
81 duty obligation (用于比较重要的责任）
82 difficulty hindrance / impediment / hurdles
pressure from your class-
peer pressure
83
mates
labor force / workforce (都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个84 citizens who can work
词的标准写法中间没有空格）
problems or diseases | that
persistent problems / chronic diseases
85
exist for a long time
a life without regular
a sedentary lifestyle
86
exercise
87 result consequence (表示消极的结果更多一些）
88 thoughts considerations
ignorance {注意在地道英文罜，这个词经常并不表示"忽89 the lack of knowledge
视"，而是表示"无知
90 harm (n.) adverse effect
91 harm (vt.) damage/destroy/ruin(这两个词比damage程度更重)spoil(后跟the cityscape/scenery/environment) undermine(后面跟抽象概念，比如stability/social order, harmony) jeopardize(后面跟抽象概念，比如one’s future/career) tarnish(后面跟one’s reputation/image) sap/dampen(后面跟one’s enthusiasm/interest/confidence)
92 [派生] harmful detrimental
93 [派生] be harmful to pose a threat to
94 bad luck misfortune
95 trouble adversity/dilemma/predicament/hardship
96 crime offense/criminal act
97 youth crime juvenile delinquency
98 criminal offender/culprit/perpetrator
99 serious crime heinous crime/felony
100 a minor crime a misdemeanor
101 shortage(of) scarcity(of)/dearth(of)
102 the only one an exception
103 places where animals live habitat
形容词
104 worrying disturbing
105 very popular prevalent/ ubiquitous
106 true genuine
107 deep
profound(深刻的，后面经常跟
wisdom/truths/understanding/impact/thoughts)
108 strong powerful/mighty
109 weak volunteer
110 hard-working industrious
111 very disappointing lamentable/pathetic
112 be good(for) be beneficial to=be in the best interests of 113 be not as good as be inferior to
114 be better than be superior to
115 uninteresting mundane
116 many numerous
117 complicated intricate
118 strange odd/bizarre/eccentric/(wired比较口语化) 119 cannot be turned back be irreversible
120 produce useful results productive/fruitful
121 practical realistic
122 mature sophisticated
123 selfish self-centered/materialistic
124 proud conceited
125 suitable fitting
126 most suitable optimal
127 lonely isolated/ alienated
128 alone solitary
be easily influenced by
129
be susceptible to sth.
sth.
130 is better than is superior to
131 not as good as is inferior to
be identical/be homogenous/be uniform(后面两个词比较132 be the same
正式，一般是说cultural globalization的时候常用)
133 interesting stimulating
134 boring monotonous/repetitive
135 useless redundant
136 smart intelligent
137 famous renowned
138 positive desirable/encouraging
139 happy delighted
140 enjoyable delightful
141 can be used be available
142 hard to understand bewildering/baffling/confusing
(laws/rules/people) not
lenient
143
strict
wholesome （注意说人的健康还是要用healthy, 但是如144 healthy
果说事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome）
eco-friendly (比如Biking is far more eco-friendly than 145 good for the environment
driving their SUVs.)
146 nervous/anxious apprehensive
147 doubt sth. be skeptical about sth.
148 fair justified
149 unfair unwarranted/unjustifiable
150 huge enormous/massive/vast/colossal
151 small tiny/miniscule(后面一般跟抽象名词)
have many different
152
be versatile/be well-rounded
abilities
153 be familiar with be well-acquainted with
very
154
distinguished
successful/admirable
155 proper appropriate
156 typical quintessential (这个语气非常强)
157 exact precise/accurate
158 ugly unsightly
159 poor quality substandard(housing/accommodation/work/goods/machines)
the current/existing…（比如the current financial crisis/the 160 the present
existing environmental problems）
161 outdated antiquated/obsolete
162 highly-respected esteemed
163 complete/whole entire
164 spend a lot of money lead an extravagant/a lavish life
enlightened/progressive(开明的，进步的，经常用来形容政府165 open
或者社会)
166 sth. must be carried out sth. is compulsory/sth. is mandatory
time-honored(后面经常跟抽象名词，比如167 with long history
tradition/practice/methods/heritage)
168 continuing forever perpetual
169 important significant/essential/vital(这三个词的重要性依次递增)
170 very attractive very appealing/fascinating/captivating
171 very careful cautious
172 be very interested in be absorbed in/be engrossed in 173 be qualified for be eligible for
174 disappointing frustrating
175 wrong erroneous
176 long and a bit annoying lengthy
177 very difficult daunting/formidable
178
being spread in an
uncontrolled way rampant(后面经常跟负面现象，比如crime，pollution或者discrimination)
179 cruel inhumane/merciless
180 fat overweight/obese （后面这个已经胖出病了）
181 having wrong opinions
skewed/biased （这两个词一般在IELTS媒体类话题使用，
表示“有偏见的”）
182 including many things comprehensive （综合的，全面的）
183 enough
adequate/sufficient/ample/abundant （注意这四个词的语气
是逐渐增强的）
184 too much excessive
185 very little minimal （注意不是minimum）
186 cause bad effects counterproductive (其实地道英文写作里面这个词不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都可以写它counterproductive)
187 strict stringent (后面一般跟laws, measures或者rules)
188 urgent pressing(problems)
189 quiet tranquil and serene(美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用)
动词
190 make sth. strong strengthen/fortify/reinforce/consolidate sth.
191 make sth. weak weak/erode(侵蚀)
192 make sth. better enhance/better
193 make sth. worse aggravate/exacerbate sth.
control…(a negative
curb…(crime/pollution/economic recessions)
194
trend)
195 stop cease
196 manage something regulate sth./oversee sth.
197 appear emerge/arise (后面的主语一般是抽象概念，比如debate)
198 die out go extinct
199 fail to see neglect/overlook
200 set…free release(prisoners/stress)
commence/initiate (后者跟抽象概念更多，比如initiate the 201 begin
conflict)
narrow/bridge the gap
202
[反义] widen the gap between A and B
between A and B
be forced to do
203
be compelled to do sth.
something
keep complaining about
grumble about sth.
204
sth.
pursue sth.(one’s goal/one’s career/business interests/maximum 205 try hard to do sth.
profit/hegemony)
perform/conduct (注意这里的perform不是表演而是从事的意206 do sth.
思)
207 do not do sth. refrain from doing sth.
208 carry out implement
209 turn…into convert… to/into…
210 decrease
decline/dwindle (特指逐渐缓慢的减少)/dip/slip (后两个词用
来指短促的下降)
211 make a crime commit a crime
212 commit a crime again revert to crime (这里的crime作不可数名次)
213 punish penalize
214 [派生] punishment penalty
215 spread
propagate/disseminate (这两个词后面经常跟
information/ideas/belief这类名词)
216 develop fast flourish/thrive
217
develop (这里作培养的
意思) cultivate/foster/nurture (这三个词后面经常跟和教育有关的名词，比如an interest in social issues)
218 [相关] fast-developing burgeoning
219 accept
adopt (注意这个词不是adapt适应，而是“接纳，采纳”的
意思)
220 build construct
221 gather
garner (这个词只能用在很正式的场合，且略含有贬义，比
如garner funding, garner supporting)
222 measure gauge, 比measure稍微正式一点
223 teach sth.
impart sth./inculcate sth. (注意如果teach后面是人则不宜替
换)
224 start initiate多用于政府类话题
225 support espouse,后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词champion(作动词不是“冠军”的意思)和动词sanction（作名词则是“制裁”的意思）
226 praise compliment/extol（后面这个语气很强）227 support buttress/bolster
228 prove/confirm verify
229 create generate (一般是大规模的产生，比如generate employment opportunities/generate tax revenue/electricity)/breed (一般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict/crime/resentment)/spawn (一般是产生新事物，比如spawn inventions/innovations)
230 use utilize/exploit
231 use…again recycle
232 work hard work assiduously
233 get
acquire （注意acquire /gain knowledge 比learn knowledge
在地道英文中更常见）
234 consider contemplate/reflect on/ponder
235 meet
encounter, 多用于政府，文化或者success这样偏大一些
的话题
236 provide sth afford sth. (在正式的写作中，afford经常可以表示提供) 237 need
require（注意如果主语是人称则一般还需要使用need，
但如果主语是事物，则可以改用require）
238 like sth. very much have an affinity for sth./have a strong attachment to sth. 239 be unhappy about complain about (v.)/be discontented with (adj.)
240 ask for request
241 raise
elevate, 就是正式版的raise，但只是“提高”，而不能表
示“抚养小孩”的意思
242 look like sth. resemble sth.
243 treat…poorly mistreat sth./abuse
244 consider sth. valuable value sth./treasure sth./cherish sth.
245 keep
maintain/preserve (这个词后面经常跟traditions/cultural
heritage/wild animals/natural resources等
246 mix…together blend/combine/synthesize
247 solve tackle/combat/address
248 notice discern
249 understand…to mean/to be
interpret…as(很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把…理
解为…)
250
choose sth./choose to do
sth.
opt for sth./opt to do sth.
251 achieve
fulfill (one’s dream/one’s goal/one’s potential/one’s
obligation/one’s promise/one’s task)
252 appear in large numbers sprout up/mushroom
253 make… less serious
relieve/ease/alleviate (作文中经常用到的搭配有relieve
stress / alleviate poverty /ease the traffic congestion等) 254 pay…for (one’s loss)compensate…for…
255 pay…for(one’s ef fort) reward… for…
256 make sth. faster accelerate sth./speed up sth.
257 join participate in
258 outweigh prevail over (大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议论文的题目中经常出现outweigh 这个词用来比较事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇)
259 contribute to
promote/facilitate (注意这两个词都是及物动词，所以不
需要跟to)
260 prevent the development of hinder / inhibit / obstruct
261 find out identify
262 encourage sb. to motivate sb. to…
263 like sth. very much adore sth.
264 dislike sth. very much abhor / detest / loathe
265 hate resent/hold a grudge against
266 limit restrict/constrain
267 avoid bypass/eschew/shun
is not restricted to/is not confined to (经常用来表述一个trend 268 is not limited to
不仅限于某个范围)
269 be so surprised be astonished/be astounded/be startled
270 decide determine
271 move to relocate to/have been relocated to
272 come from originated from/in
boost/enhance(比如boost solidarity 增进团结/enhance 273 improve
productivity 提高生产率)
274 waste use…lavishly
275 attack assail (语气更强烈)
curtail (多用于政府投资类话题) / diminish (多用于文化类或276 reduce
者发展类中的抽象话题)
277 increase augment (多用于政府投资类话题)
278 help assist
279 help (n.) assistance
280 set up establish
281 try to do sth. attempt to do sth.
282 change alter
283 change a lot fundamentally change / radically change / transform
284 solve address / combat
285 correct rectify (a mistake)
286 take down demolish/raze (谈到拆老建筑的时候常用)
287 try hard to do sth. make a strenuous / an arduous / a painstaking effort to do sth.
288 obey
abide by / comply with / conform to (后面跟the law / rules /
regulations等)
289 ban ban…a ltogether / strictly prohibit
290 criticize
condemn / denounce (这两个词一般用于政府类话题，但不要用
于教育类)
291 increase
show an upward trend / be on the rise 反义：show a downward
trend
292 depend on hinge on=be contingent on (意思是：取决于…)
293 depend on rely on (意思是：依靠…)
294 deal with cope with
295
do one’s best to do
sth. commit oneself to do sth. / strive to do sth. / do one’s utmost to do sth. / spare no effort to do sth.
296 use up exhaust (energy / resources / stretch (resources)to the limit)
297
report the details of
sth.
report sth. in graphic detail
298
prevent sb. from
focusing on…
distract sb. from
299 spend A on B dedicate A to B
300 use too much…stretch…to the limit / put a strain on
301 pour
discharge (排放，环境类话题常用，比如discharge chemical waste
into rivers, streams and lakes)
302 get used to get accustomed to
303 die out go extinct
304 continue to exist persist
305 come with be attended by/be accompanied by
306
broaden one’s
horizons expand one’s outlook / enlarge one’s vision(broaden one’s horizons 这个句型已经被使用过多惨遭贬值)
307 break the law violate the law
308 put sb. in prison incarcerate sb.
309 make laws against legislate against
310 [相关] law
legislation (名词，注意law在特制具体的法律时可以用复数，
但是legislation不能用复数)
311 make sth. active
stimulate (后面经常跟imagination / creativity / interest /
economic growth等词汇)
312
make one’s dream
come true
fulfill one’s potential / attain one’s goal
313
have the right to do
sth.
be entitled to do sth..
314 lead to change in act as a catalyst for change in
315 stick to adhere to/cling to (注意后面这个有时候略带贬义)
316 deal with the need meet the demand/satisfy the need
317 take…away from sb.
deprive sb. of… (省略号中科院填入freedom / leisure / time / the
right to等值得拥有的东西)
318 give sb. the ability to enable sb. to
319 get a clear idea of get a clear perspective of
320 be lost go astray (如果写青少年误入歧途，就不要再用get lost)
321
spend too much time
on be addicted to / be preoccupied with / be obsessed with (这三个词组的语气越来越强)
322 prepare for
pave the way for…/ lay the groundwork for…/ lay a solid
foundation for… (为…打好基础)
323 break the balance upset the balance
324 balance A and B strike a balance between A and B (在A和B之间争取一种平衡) 325 catch capture
326 think of…as regard…as / view…as / perceive…as
327 get rid of eliminate / remove
328 get rid of abolish (多用于政府类话题，废除)
329 make…higher drive up (后面经常跟the crime rate / unemployment rate)
副词
330
more and more +
adj. increasingly + adj. 但是注意如果后面不是adj. 而是noun, 那么就可以用an increasing number of(跟可数名次)/an increasing amount of (跟不可数名次)来代替
331 mainly primarily / principally / chiefly
332 In the old days,…Traditionally,… /Historically,…
333 now currently
334 Actually,…
Technically,… (严格来说它的意思并不是“事实上”，但在学术写作
中它是一个表示“精确的说”非常棒的词汇)
335 very soon immediately
336 not often at all rarely
337 completely entirely
338
do sth. without
careful thought
do sth. impulsively
339 blindly indiscriminately (不加选择的) / mechanically (机械的)
340 only merely（注意只有only作副词的时候才可以替换）
341 a little/a bit
somewhat (注意只有a little / a bit 后面跟形容词的时候才可以这
样替换)
342 mainly primarily / principally / chiefly
短语或句型
343 about regarding / concerning / with respect to / with regard to
344 before prior to…
345 a few
a handful of (请注意仅指少数时a couple of 容易被挑剔的考官
判为过于口语化)
346
Although…, the real
situation is…Hypothetically,… / Theoretically,… / In theory / Ideally,…but in reality,… / but in actuality,… / but in practice,… (Ideally指“理想化的说”)
347 Most young
people…
Young people tend to…=young people typically… (tend to和
typically都是表示某一类人多半会怎样做的常用表达)
348 need to be changed is crying out for reform
349
be punished by the
law
be brought for justice
350 do sth. together make a concerted effort to do sth.
351 it is common for sb.
to…
it is standard practice for sb. to…
352 is based on…is predicated on…
353 have no choice but to have no option but to…/have no alternative but to…354 be worth the effort be worthwhile
355 and so on etc. (前面可加逗号)
356 become more than exceed / surpass
357 grow fast grow dramatically / soar / rocket
358 fall fast fall drastically / plunge / plummet
359 much higher considerably / substantially / significantly higher
360 a little higher marginally higher / slightly higher / fractionally higher 361
is closely connected
with
is intrinsically linked to
362 through by way of (介词短语)
363 on the whole overall
364 because of
due to/owing to (新托福作文中这两个词组后面经常跟负面含
义的词汇)
365 before (时间) prior to
366 in this aspect
in this regard/in this respect (这里不是尊重的意思，而是指某
方面)
367 despite/in spite of
not with standing （请注意这三个词都是后面必须紧跟名次或
者名次短语，而不可以直接跟从句）
368 in fact
as a matter of fact=in essence/essentially (in essence / essentially
的意思是“本质上”)
369 besides apart from
370 about/ around approximately
371 it is obvious that…it is evident that
372 sth. stops sth. comes to a standstill
373 be similar to be akin to… (学术写作中相当常见的句型)
374 A is as…as B B is …A is equally…
375 it is impossible that…it is highly unlikely that…
376 A has made B + adj. /n.
A has rendered
B + adj. /n. (注意这里的宾语B后面只能跟形
容词或者名词)
377 A has made B do sth.
A has prompted/impelled sb. to do sth. (注意这两个词后面的宾
语之后不能省略to)
378
sth. does not always
remain the same
sth. is not carved in stone (某些事并非一成不变)
379 A high percentage of the proportion of… is very high (…的比例很高)
380 the cause of… is…can be attributed to /can be ascribed to… (可以归因于…)
381 no matter regardless of /irrespective of (注意no matter 后面一般跟从句，而regardless of 和irrespective of 后面多数时候跟名词或者名词短语)
382 talking
about…/speaking of…
in terms of… (经常用来限制一个命题的适用范围，比如In
terms of culture, this city is fascinating. But is terms of traffic, it
雅思写作十大原则核心词汇
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4.many An army of An ocean of A sea of A multitude of Many a +单数名词 If not most代替many Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea 5.good: Positive Favorable Rosy Promising Perfect Pleasurable Excellent Outstanding 6.bad Negative Dreadful Unfavorable Poor
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IELTS写作高频宝典 absurd 荒唐的 addictive 上瘾的affectionate 有感情的aggressive 有上进心的 alert 敏锐的；警惕的arduous 费劲的 artistic 艺术的authoritative 权威性的awkward 尴尬的 balanced 平衡的 cogent 使人信服的 cold-blooded 冷血的 cold-hearted 无情的compassionate 富有同情心的compatible 兼容的complicated 复杂的confident 自信的contemptible 可鄙的contributive 有贡献的corrupt 腐败的
delicious 美味可口的demanding 要求高的describle 值得要的detrimental 有害的devious 偏离正道的dishonorable 不光彩的disturbed 受到干扰的eccentric 古怪的economical 经济的enlightened 开明的；文明的evil 邪恶的 exotic 异国的 fallacious 荒谬的fashionable 时髦的 feaible 可行的 fictitious 虚假的 flexile 灵活多样的 fruitful 有成效的glamorous 富有魅力的gorgeous 辉煌的 humane 人道的 ignorant(of) 无视的；无知的
impressive 令人印象深刻的inborn 天生的incompatible 不调和的incompatible 不和适宜的inconceivable 不可思议的indecent 不妥的；不检点的indifferent 冷漠的indispensable 不可或缺的inexhaustible 取之不尽的infectious 传染性的inferior 低人一等的 infirm （身体）弱的influential 有影响力的ingrain 根深蒂固的inhumane 不人道的initially 首先 innocent 多管闲事的inquistitive 有害无益insalubrious 有教育意义的instructive 智力的intellectual 中间的；过渡的interim 人际关系的
雅思写作中常用词汇和短语的38个替换
雅思写作中常用词汇和短语的38个替换 1.重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative 2.损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 3.给与：G ive, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford 4.培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster 5.优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 6.缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 7.使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle 8.解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 9.认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced 10.保护：Protect, conserve, preserve 11.确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge 12.有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental 13.要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition