HND商务信息与通讯技术OUTCOME1

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HND商务信息与通讯技术

HND商务信息与通讯技术1.简介1.1 研究背景1.2 目的1.3 范围1.4 参考资料2.商务信息与通讯技术概述2.1 商务信息概念2.2 通讯技术概念2.3 商务信息与通讯技术的重要性3.商务信息系统3.1 商务信息系统定义3.2 商务信息系统的组成3.3 商务信息系统的功能3.4 商务信息系统的应用领域4.商业数据通信4.1 数据通信基础知识4.2 数据通信的组成部分4.3 数据通信的协议4.4 商业数据通信的应用5.企业网络5.1 企业网络的概念5.2 企业网络的组成5.3 企业网络的拓扑结构5.4 企业网络的管理与维护6.电子商务6.1 电子商务的定义6.2 电子商务的模式6.3 电子商务的应用领域6.4 电子商务的风险与挑战7.信息安全与风险管理7.1 信息安全的重要性7.2 信息安全的威胁7.3 信息安全的管理与控制7.4 信息安全风险管理8.法律与商务信息与通讯技术8.1 法律对商务信息与通讯技术的影响8.2 电子签名法律规定8.3 数据隐私保护法律规定8.4 知识产权保护法律规定9.本文档涉及附件附件一：商业数据通信交互示意图附件二：企业网络拓扑图附件三：电子商务平台界面截图【法律名词及注释】1.电子签名：指通过电子方式进行身份认证或签署文件的行为。

2.数据隐私保护：指保护个人或组织的数据不被未经授权的访问、使用或披露的法律原则和措施。

3.知识产权保护：指对创造性的工作所享有的独立产权进行保护的法律制度，包括专利、商标、版权等。

HND商务沟通 OCT1

Information for assessorsOutcome 1The content of the assessment text should be relevant to the vocational needs or interests of the class group. Different approaches to this Outcome might be adopted in order to develop the skills level of the class group. The use of a report similar to the type to be produced for Outcome 2 would provide a model, develop skills of summarising and encourage awareness of the impact of format and style in business communication.Reading texts could also could be used to reinforce useful underpinning knowledge for other elements of the award or to introduce themed links with Outcomes 2 and 3. It would be possible, for example, to link an article providing complex information for business travellers to the preparation for the scenario given as an exemplar assessment.The key skills required are the ability to summarise and evaluate a business related text. The emphasis on summary means that candidates will be expected to identify the main points and relevant supporting detail of content and summarise them using their own words. Evaluation will involve recognising the impact of language, format, structure and layout used within the context of the writer’s intended purpose and readership.Outcome 2Produce complex written business documents.As candidates are likely to seek employment, or currently be employed, formative work should provide opportunities to examine the many different styles and formats of‘reports’ and other business documents which are currently used in industry. What may be appropriate for some companies might not be acceptable in others, and the importance of ‘house style’ in the preparation of documents should be emphasised. Where possible examples of documents from local employers such as the council or health board should be analysed. A traditional report format may provide an excellent framework for the presentation of an analytical investigation, but any detailed and structured documents, which present and analyse information on a complex vocational issue may provide valid evidence for the Outcome. Candidates must demonstrate the ability to organise and structure information logically in a format, which meets the requirements of the intended readership.It is important to ensure that written text presented for summarative assessment is the original work of the candidate and not downloaded or copied from a textbook. Somesupervised production of material is recommended — checking early drafts of meetings documents and reports is likely to be the best way of providing support and ensuring that work is authentic. Drafting and redrafting is acceptable, as a reflection of good business practice.Access to software, including spell check and business pro-forma should be encouraged.The folio of business writing (a minimum of 1,500 words) produced could include meeting papers for Outcome 3 and reports written for this or for other Unit assessments, as demonstrated in the attached exemplar and detailed earlier in this pack. Where Unit assessments are integrated candidates must be made aware of all Evidence Requirements for all Outcomes involved.Outcome 3Organise and participate in a formal meeting.Candidates will require some background knowledge of the purposes and procedures associated with formal business meetings. Using training videos and assessing role play around case study materials based on business situations linked with other Units in the award may be an interesting way of developing oral skills. For some candidates formal meetings based around course and vocational issues may be more appropriate. An end of course review meeting with candidates may also provide evidence of communication skills, which can be particularly useful if candidates have not achieved some Outcomes at an earlier stage of the year.There should be some preliminary discussion — supported by the assessor — to assign roles and responsibilities and to agree areas for discussion, from which an agenda could be drafted. Each candidate should prepare for the formal meeting by researching an area to present as an agenda item. The chair would need to prepare information sufficient for a background knowledge of agenda items. The assessor may chair the meeting if appropriate.Working in groups of at least five members, candidates should participate in a formal meeting, present findings and work co-operatively to reach conclusions. Each candidate should write up formal supporting business documentation (notice of meeting, agenda and minutes) suitable for wider distribution. Pro-forma and support software may be used.Assessment evidence is a detailed observation checklist - an example is included, and individual support documentation, which might take the form of notes, handouts or background reports unique to each candidate’s contribution to the meeting. Any shortresearch reports produced may usefully also contribute to the portfolio of evidence for Outcome 2.A video of proceedings, if practical, would be useful as means of checking events and decisions for minutes, and would assist internal and external moderation.An example of possible assessment approaches is included in this exemplar. Assessment Task 1Outcome(s)1CoveredAssessment Task InstructionsRead the text and complete the following tasks. You may present a written or a taped oral response.1.Demonstrate your understanding of the text by identifying the key points andimportant supporting details in a summary of the text which is about one third to one quarter of the length of the original.2.Suggest the intended purpose(s) of the writer and the intended readers of the text,giving some detail to support your answer.3.How effective is the text in meeting the suggested purpose(s) of the writer and theneeds of the reader? What do you see as being its main strengths and weaknesses?Comment in detail in terms of its:∙format∙language∙structure∙layout.1.Audio conferencing can provide you with many conveniences;2.The real advantage of audio conferencing is economical;3.Two types of audio conferencing service;4.How "user meeting" is operated and the advantage of it;5. What is "being closed doors meeting" and its good points;6.The way "operator meeting" is processed and it necessarilyWelcome to the World of Audio and Video ConferencingAudio conferencingAudio conferencing keeps you in touch with colleagues, customers and suppliers by enabling you to hold meetings over the telephone, and reducing the requirement for costly and time consuming face to face meetings. It provides an economical means of arranging meetings with those who are geographically distant at mutually convenient times, and enables you to structure your meetings in a way which best suits your requirements — as wide ranging discussions or as tightly controlled presentations or interviews. Contributions can be taped to provide a record of proceedings, or for dissemination to a wider audience.The real advantage of audio-conferencing is that it does not require the purchase of any expensive, specialist equipment, and can be conducted using a standard, touch-tone telephone — including a mobile — from anywhere in the world. In most cases, the service provided is ‘secure’ with the ‘meeting room’ accessible only to participants who are in possession of the right ‘key’, in the form of a pre-allocated telephone and PIN number.Most providers offer two levels of service —‘user meetings’ where the conference is controlled by the participating individuals, and ‘operator meetings’ where a specialist operator runs the event.A ‘user meeting’, managed by the participants, is the most economical and flexible means of audio conferencing. A virtual conference room is allocated to you and accessed by the ‘key’. This service is available at any time, and reservations are not usually required. Each meeting can accommodate up to 30 delegates, who may be based anywhere on the globe!Other features which may be available to you using audio conferencing include ‘behind closed doors’ meetings, in which you can limit the number of participants, and p revent others from joining the meeting, ‘sub-committees’, permitting participants to form smaller groups and work away from the main committee, and a ‘chairman’ function, so that you can control who can speak at any given time, and ensure that participants do not all speak at the same time.An ‘operator meeting’ is an audio conferencing service managed by an independent operator, and is usually reserved for high profile conferences where hundreds, or even thousands of individuals may be involved in a single call. This type of event does require advance booking, with information on the date, time, number of participants and approximate duration being given to the operator, who will make all the necessary arrangements. The service provider can invite all the participants to the meeting, and delegates will not be charged for the call. A verbatim transcription of the proceedings can be made available, as can a list of all those ‘attending’.Video conferencingVideo conferencing has all the advantages of audio conferencing, with one important addition — the participants can see each other. Another feature which may make it attractive to the business user is that it can provide a medium of exchange for digital files in various formats, be they audio, visual, or video, even allowing participants to work simultaneously on the same file. There are a number of options open to organisations who wish to adopt video conferencing, which vary in the quality and outlay required.At the top end of the market is the video conferencing suite — a dedicated resource set aside specifically for meetings via video. Although meetings held in such an environment may be difficult to manage, and lack spontaneity, the audio/visual quality tends to be higher than other configurations.A ‘roll-about’ system is a video conferencing system housed within a portable cabinet, which can be moved to the desired location as required. Whilst they lack the sophistication of a dedicated resource, the specification can be quite high, and such a system would normally have more than one monitor, at least one camera, and audio equipment designed to deal with poor acoustics and background noise.The cheapest alternative is the desk-top camera, where individuals meet via a video link on their own computer. However, transmission times (the delay between sending and receiving the video signal) and sound quality tends to be poor, the software can be difficult to set up, and there may be incompatibility between systems. Colleagues may find activity of this nature intrusive, and in some instances, confidentiality and privacy may be compromised.Video conferencing may be between two discrete destinations (point-to-point) or‘multi-point’, involving several destinations. The latter may take a number o f forms, such as ‘voice switched’ in which the image from the speaker’s site is transmitted to all other monitors, the picture changing with each speaker; ‘chairman controlled’, in which the site which has assumed the chair is seen by all other sites, with the different speakers being seen only by the chair; and ‘continual presence’, in which allparticipants are represented on all screens via a thumbnail image, with the broadcast sound being that of the person speaking.No matter which type of technology is being used, you are making an assumption about the level of technological expertise of the user at the other end. Even the technology itself has limitations, and the planning process for deciding on the most appropriate type of technology must take into account the inevitability of down time. Its ease of use may encourage workers to ‘meet’ when a meeting is not the most appropriate use of time. However, audio and video conferencing does offer a flexible, efficient and dynamic approach to meetings whilst retaining some of the advantages of face-to-face communications.Assessment Task 2Outcome(s)2 and 3CoveredAssessment Task InstructionsOutcomes 2 and 3BackgroundYou work as a PA in the British headquarters of a large European manufacturing company. You and four of your colleagues have been given the task of planning and organising a conference for the company’s most senior British managers, together with their French counterparts, who are based in Paris.The conference, which will start the planning process for combining French and British company operations, will take place over two days in a large European city at the end of next month, and all the managers will spend the third day (which should be a Saturday) sightseeing at the chosen location.You and your colleagues should hold a brief meeting to decide on your priorities for organising this conference. This meeting should allocate each committee member anarea of research, as well as deciding on other areas on which decisions have to be made. Each group member should:Taska Draw up a notice of meeting and an agenda for the formal meeting about theconference.b Prepare an agenda item outlining information on an agreed aspect of the proposedManagers’ conference. Group members sh ould make preparatory notes to support their input and may use visual aids or distribute supplementary papers ifappropriate. The purpose of the meeting is to make a final decision on thearrangements for the Managers’ conference.c Attend the meeting about the conference and present findings to the meeting as anagenda item — each item should not exceed five minutes in length, includingresponses to comments and questions from other group members.d Write up the minutes of the meeting.e Write an evaluative report of at least 800 words outlining a proposal for theManagers’ conference, including recommendations on:∙when and where the conference should take place∙hotel accommodation∙how the managers should travel to their destination, including projected costs∙sightseeing on the Saturdayf Write a letter to the hotel chosen for the Managers’ stay, making a provisionalbooking.g E–mail or write to the Managers, outlining the arrangements for the conference.A checklist of the evidence requirements for the unit is provided. All written documents should make up a portfolio of work comprising a minimum of 1,500 words.The following is an extract from the company’s manual outlining procedures to be adhered to when travelling on company business.You will need it in order to make decisions on how and where the managers can travel.。

HND商务沟通OUTCOME1

SUMMARY:The article is about workforce management in today’s world, not simply limited in traditional human resource management that just allocates tasks to subordinates and they obay your arrangement, nowadays,the cultural differences have obviously became an extremely siginificant element to influence morden leaders’strategic decision,savvy managers should try to be knowledgeable about them.The whole article is comprised four main parts:culrure blunder, embarrass the leader,localize , a ‘Unitea Nations Approach’.About the first part ,starting with a commercial example about EraseMan, which indicate the consequence of the company leaders(Grace) did not take the cultural difference into consideration, and bringing about the failure as well as Asian satff ‘s confusion and miffed. This culture gaffe is too common for manufactures as they go global.They may meet much more serious consequence when they do not know the customs.Meanwhile, Multinational companies also encounter workforces that place different values on workplace benefits.Next part,it talks about how the managers let the employees accept leadership role that requiring a little coaxing and encouragement, which actually embarrass the leaders. And a president also points out one cultures are more comfortable solving problems on their own instead of contacting someone from a different country for help. For instance , In a lot of Asian cultures it's very hard for an employee to do something that could in one way embarrass the leader, and we needed to train our leaders to encourage this form of reporting.In the third part, the idea of localize is emphesised mainly. As for PPG, it provides direction for their foreign workforces, each regional operation has some autonomy in their decision-making processes. In other words, the company trains the local workforce to run each facility within three years of startup.Besides,they require low-skilled workforce to intense training to solve the problem of skilled-worker shortage in certain foreigh country. At the same tme ,PPG’s trainning environmeny consist of onsite and online course to center offers courses ranging from product training to leadership and ethics. This strategy is really localized.The last part of the article,it hignlightsa kind of collaboration ,as the essey points out created a companywide "United Nations". A knowledgeable, local workforce helps foreign workforces operate more smoothly,maybe result in win-win effect. These global get-togethers can boost morale and reduce the likelihood of conflicts or tension between employees from different cultures.As a whole, a morden manager should realize that language is not the barries any more, yet,culture has became the leading factor. So, in order to be a successful leader,understand and respect the custome is the key .Evaluation:Jonathan Katz tried to present reader a new idea about morden management,about how to handle the cultural difference in management correctly. At first, he give an example about “EraserMan” to illstrate the flaw inmanagement——cutlture blunder. Next he introducr the embarrass about leaders,beceuse people come from different regions carry various customs and ideas inevitably,leaders need to respect them. At last, the author provide the idea about localize and ‘United Nations Approach’ respectively. To examine the effectiveness of information delivery of the article, this evaluation will be conducted from four respects: purpose and readership, layout, use of language, and content.First, the author does achieve his purposes effectively. The headline summarizes the main and whole content of this article. It mainly focuses on how to be a leadership and what the strategy should be adopted. Then the subtittle points out the specific element that affacts leaders’s decision-making,which is cultural difference. After this,the article can be divisioned into four main parts,which have their own purposes respectively.The first part mainly introduce the cultural blunder in this globalized society. The writer describes the phenomenon that many manufacters neglect the culture influence through a example of “erase man”. It tell readers the imporance of paying more attentio to staff’s cultural background,because the potential fallouts includes trust issues between employees at home and abroad, along with safety and quality standards that don't quite match up with those within domestic operations. Especially,for multinational enterprises, is more crucial,and the culture shock is more distinct. The purpose of ‘embarrass the leader ’ is introduce the current situations that managers face,for in stance ,if we want to get employees’ acception of leadership roles,we maybe need a little coaxing and encouragement. Meanwhile ,he also remind leaders to avoid something in the manage process. Then the last two parts are the specific measures for managers how to response to the problem of cultural difference——localize and united nations approach. These two methods from two aspects explain solveculture problem in management. Among these,localize concerntrate on training for low-skilled workforce;however,the other focuses on collaboration between local workforce and the employees outside their regions. In these way ,can promote communication among people from differnent aere and carry different cultural customs.Second, the layout and structure of the article fragments the information. In my opinion, the structure is confusion. For example ,usually, the main idea falls on the first or second sentence,following this ,are details to supporting the main ideas. In this essey, main ideas often exist on the middle of the paragraph,and starting with major details. Such a kind of layout makes the readers confused. In addition, Continuity is also shortage,maybe in two paragraghs,there was little connection. About layout, I think it is very clear, the title,sub-title and text are in correctfonts. The title size is bigger than the sub-title ,and the sub-title is bigger than text. The title and sub-title are in boldface tetter. In text, the front parts mainly introduce current situations and problems, then ,the last twoparts, author offers the measures to meet the problems.Third, formal languages are generally applied to this article; however, there are several informal usages of language in the article. For instance, the writer tends to use contractions like’”didn’t””don’t””it’s”and so on. At the same time ,there are some informal language existing in the essey, for instance,in the sub-title,”savvy”is a informal language as well as “gimmick”in the first paragragh,and in the sameparagragh,”miffed” is not formal language,b ecause it baised towords spoken language, we can use “anger” to instand of it. Of ,there are some typical formal language,”retention””respondents””singular””nurture”,for instance. Furthermore ,grammar is correct. I can not find out any confusion in the sentence stucture. The verb is used in a very proper way. There is no mistake in the use of words,such as nouns,adj.,adv.. Maybe,there are some difficult new words,and the article is too academic too long so that it is hard for readers to understand clearly.Four,the content of the article is sufficient. Description and expaination is very detail,and readers can catch writer’s intention straightly.。

HND国际商业组织outcome1

Introduction:This report mainly wrote GM to enter the international market of some of the history, and after entering the international market structure changes. There are two topic in this report.Topic 1Describe the historic context of a global business organization from its beginnings to present day, including scaleGM, General MotosGeneral motors is by William Durant in 1908 September in buick motor company developed on the basis of American auto city, was founded in Detroit. General motors have intervened in global 33 countries established automobile manufacturing business; the automobile products are sold in more than 200 countries.GM export department in the Philippine capital Manila the establishment of the first Far East branches. By the 1920s mid-century, gm North American manufacturing export department has put the car exports to Asia.In 1922, Manila office moved to Shanghai, China, for the future of China assembly line laid a foundation. 1923 the Sloan company as President, and to the company's production line for rationalization adjustment, the company thus into rapid development period.After the Second World War, GM decision-makers realize there will be a car sales period, launched a larger, more profit potential cars, and strengthened in automobile market leading position, and in other products on the market has also won the main position, become one of America's biggest Military supplies contractor. In 1923,general motors in Europe opened the first production factoryAs outside North America countries and regions in the manufacture and sales of the car first attempt, gm in Denmark Copenhagen opened the first production factory. The factory first production Chevrolet motor, in Scandinavian countries, Baltic countries, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary and Russia sales. General motors in 1926 and continue to conduct its global expansion, step to gm Australia Co., LTD was established opened its in Asia and South America founded new subsidiary companies and factories prologue. Successively completed in the factory located in Melbourne, Australia, Perth, Sydney and Adelaide, Brisbane...In 1926, accelerating the global expansion. Gm in New Zealand Co., LTD started production copper torre business.Gm Japan Co., LTD. Was set up, the office is located in kobe.Gm Japanese Company to open a new factory in Osaka.And then in 1927 established gm Java Company (now Indonesia)1Topic2Describe the development of the organization’s expansion including global acquisition and mergers and business structure --- whether centralized or decentralizedThe company has combined in 1911 trucks fast car company and the integrity of the company, composed of GM truck company, has purchased a tractor company in the same year, 1913, the company purchased the refrigerator Health (later the Frigidaire Division) and the Champion Spark Plug Company (later renamed AC Spark Plug Company) and so on.Durant regained control after he acquired the Shelton car company, Fisher 60% of the 1shares of auto companies and auto makers in Canada McLaughlin Motor Company (later the GM Canada). During World War I, the company produced a large number of trucks for the troops, ambulances, aircraft engines and so on.After the war, the company has through the creation of General Motors Acceptance Corporation to strengthen product wholesale, with great success. 1923, has merged with yellow car manufacturing company and several aircraft companies, launched a 1925 Chevrolet sedan to compete with Ford to make modern car design and implementation of "a car and needs money for a goal" and the annual introduced a new model of strategy to the Ford Motor Company, thrown far behind.In 1980, GM sold the Frigidaire division and the Terex Division. In 1984, GM invested 2.5 billion acquisition of Electronic Data Systems; 1985, also announced the formation of Saturn Corporation, a Japanese-style in the Tennessee factory production cars, and 4.7 billion acquisition of Hughes Aircraft Company. At the same time, GM has also launched joint ventures with other companies more than 50 companies, from manufacturing to artificial intelligence, robotics companies, a wide range, with Smith's words, this is to find the key to the 21st century.2ConclusionsGM has a long history, GM after a great deal of international market expansion, accompanied by merger and acquisition and successful opened the international market.2HND Global Business Organisations: F27C 35Candidate name: Chen TianlunStudent ID: 095194915Tutor: Minggui QuTitle of the project: Investigation of the organizational structure of GM Word count: 690。

HND商法导论OUTCOME1答案

Outcome Covered 1Assessment task instructionsCandidates will be given one closed-book exercise consisting of ten restricted response questions for the assessment of Outcome 1. This exercise should take candidates approximately 30-45 minutes to complete.考生将获得1闭卷行使十个评估的结果1限制反应的问题组成。

这项工作应采取的候选人约30-45分钟才能完成。

分钟才能完成。

1 List the main sources of modern Scots Law.1名单现代苏格兰法律的主要来源。

名单现代苏格兰法律的主要来源。

Statute law, common law and European Union law2(a) What is meant by the doctrine of judicial precedent?2（一）什么是司法先例原则？（一）什么是司法先例原则？2(b) Give an example of a judicial precedent.2（b ）给出了一个司法先例的例子。

）给出了一个司法先例的例子。

3(a) Which is the superior legislative body: the Westminster Parliament or the Scottish Parliament?3（一），这是上级立法机构：威斯敏斯特议会或苏格兰，这是上级立法机构：威斯敏斯特议会或苏格兰议会？议会？3(b) Explain your choice of answer in part (a) above.3（b ）解释第（一）项的选择你的答案。

SQA-HND-商法-OUTCOME1 答案

Outcome 11. The two main areas of law are Criminal and Civil Law.- Criminal lawDefinition: deals with all types of offences过错and crimes, concerns itself with the recognition of what amounts to a crime and the punishments suitable for these recognized crimes.Criminal conduct is the behavior which threatens the safety and security of the community. So the offender should be punished by imprisonment or fine or some other sanctions. Examples: murder, culpable homicide, piracy, treason, armed robbery, supplying illegal drugs, fire raising, assault, fraud, theft, house breaking, dangerous driving, and breach of the peace)- Civil lawDefinition: concerned with non-criminal disputes and situation, including the following:a) The settlement of legal disputes between individuals and other bodies (example: divorce case).b) The payment of compensation from one party to another for loss or injury (example: a case where someone was claiming damages after being injured by faulty machinery at work).c) The setting of procedures to govern financial and other matters (example: the legal procedures to be followed when buying or selling a house).2. Sources of Scots Law are Statute Law, European Union Law, and Common Law or Judicial Precedent.- Common LawDefinition: is a numerous legal rules that form the part of unwritten laws of Scotland which has been handed down to us as customs and practices over the centuries.A major source of Common Law is the practice whereby judges make new rules of law will be followed by other court, so that it is legally binding rules.3. Doctrine of Judicial PrecedentDefinition: is a process involves a process whereby a judge can develop a rule of law by making a decision in a test case. A test case refers to the one in which clarification of an important point of law is sought, and judges after listening to opposite legal arguments will have to make the decision about which view of the law is correct. Once this decision has been made, future judges and course will be expected to follow the reasoning in the test case, if they are dealing with a case with similar legal issues.It must be emphasized that not every judge can make a new binding legal rule. The authority of the judge or court should be considered here, if the judge is relatively junior, he/she will be unlikely to be able to create a new rule of law. But on the other hand, if the rule comes from superior courts, this decision will be followed by the lower or inferior courts.Judicial precedent or case law is parts of the unwritten law of Scotland.Donoghue v Stevneson (1932)4. Westminster Parliament and Scottish Parliament (legislative body)Unlike the previous Scottish Parliament which was abolished by the Act of Union in 1707, the new Scottish Parliament is not a completely independence body. The Scottish Parliament is clear and inferior body compared with the Westminster Parliament.It is the Westminster Parliament from which the Scottish Parliament obtains its authority to pass laws for Scotland. So any legislation of the Scottish Parliament is thought to be secondary legislation.It is also necessary to know that a simple Act of the Westminster Parliament is all that it would take to abolish Scottish Parliament. Westminster Parliament has already abolished a local assembly.Acts of Parliament are often referred to as legislation or statute law until the creation of Scottish Parliament, the Westminster Parliament alone made laws for Scotland. However Westminster has given the Scottish Parliament authority in many different areas of policy to make statute law.Abolition of feudal tenure act 2000The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974Sale of Goods Act 1979Employment Rights Act 1996Protection of Children Act 20035. Civil Law v Criminal Law- Criminal Law is primarily used by the state as a means of maintaining law and border by punishing certain individuals who have the behavior as criminally and antisocially. The State uses the Criminal Law to punish criminals on behalf of the community or sociality.- The Civil Law is to resolve legal disputes between private individuals in such areas as 民事纠纷Family Law, Company Law, Partnership Law, Banking and Finance Law, Sale of Goods and Services Law, Consumer Law, Personal Injury Claims Law, and Divorce.- Different courts and standers of evidence and procedures exist depending on whether we are talking about a criminal action or a civil dispute.Conflict between Scottish and european lawIf there is a conflict between Scottish and European law, the court should obey the rules or laws under European law.The European Union is an organization of 25 member states. The members must obey the rules or laws in order to enjoy the benefits of membership.Britain has been a member of the European Union since January 1, 1973. because of the passing of the European Communities Act 1972 by the Westminster Parliament. It is this legislation that recognizes the supremacy of European Law over the domestic law. By the time Britain became a member of European Union 1973. Many of the important law were already in place and Britainhad to accept this as a price of membership of European Union. But if Britain decides to withdrawal from membership from European Union, then its national law will once again get supremacy.6. The Council of MinistersThe European ParliamentThe European Court of JusticeThe European CommissionThe first two have the power to make laws for the people of European.The third one enforces European Union Law.The forth one is effectively the unions civil service and it can propose law. It can also bring breaches of the varies European Union Treaties to the attention of the European courts of justice. The Commission is regarded as the EU Treaties guardian of the varies European Union Treaties.。

HND演示技巧outcome1

Presentation SkillsF84E 35 (Outcome one)Name:SCN:CLASS:Content pageIntroduction (2)Findings (2)Presentation to banchory residents (2)Presentation to parents and teachers group (4)Presentation to Local councillors (7)Conclusion (9)Reference (9)IntroductionThis report describes 6 ways of speaking, and the analysis of the combination of scenes. PPT, CD-ROM, photographs and pictures, videos , graphs and charts ,objects and models.FindingsPresentation to banchory residentsTwo methods chosen2. CD-ROMHow to use the two methods1. Put pictures, videos and information into the PPT, so as to facilitate the audience more intuitive understanding of the content of the speech. Before the banchory residents into green and new house style are made into a video on ppt. Enterprise speakers can watch the video and residents banchory to explain, so that residents banchory can be very clear to get the answer to the question. Then the road improvement and the issue of housing density through the picture into the PPT, the enterprise speaker through the banchory residents PPT through the picture and explain, so that residents can be very clear to get the answer to the question.2. Residents banchory consider the problem, you can go to find the problem has been solved CD-ROM, so that residents banchory understanding of the problem can be easily solved. This can make residents banchory more simple to understand the content of the speech. The enterprise can make banchory residents look at the speaker and illustrate that banchory residents can get the answer is very clear.Why these have been selectedpurpose of the presentationCompany representatives and residents together discuss proposed problems: density of housing for each site, the new housing fitting in' with existing styles, access and road improvements and landscaping and boundary issues. The purpose of the presentation is to allay fears, answer questions, provide details of proposed housing styles and present an illustration of how the village will look at the end of the development work. PPT and CD-ROM the two speech can alleviate the concerns of banchory residents, because of focus have presented the problem to the banchory residents of these two ways can be clearly, let banchory residents can get a clearer and more comprehensive answer.2. The nature and the size of the audienceThe number of local residents -150 is 100 people banchory, belonging to a large-scale speech. PPT and CD-ROM can use big screen to make the presence of all the banchory residents are heard and seen speech content, and the CD-ROM data to more convincing, can take care of every one in the presence of local banchory residents. The audience all belong to the local residents banchory, and the number of people are more, all of the degree of every culture has. And CD-ROM PPT can take care of people in every level of education, because residents can be through photos and videos to understand the situation. Residents banchory can make a better understanding of the content of the speech.3. The venue of the presentationThis presentation of the site is the village hotel banquet hall can sit 100-150, speech is relatively large site. In the extensive field speech are most worried about is the audience the audience can clearly hear presentations, PPT and CD-ROM wouldn't have such problems, because the PPT and CD-ROM can use big screen playing to the audience the audience clearer and better understanding to all of the content and the answers.AdvantagesPPT has the speaker does not move back and forth.advantage that can make the content more rich, because PPT can put a lot of different knowledge, such as photos and videos.3. PPT advantage that can combine the sound.4. PPT advantage is convenient and quick.5. Advantage of the CD-ROM it is convenient to copy computer data to CD.6. Advantage of the CD-ROM is a large amount of data.Disadvantages1. The disadvantage is that ppt computer emergency situation is not good control.2. ppt drawback is dark environment.3. The disadvantage of CD-ROM is that CD-ROM can only use the content, can not be modified.4. The disadvantage of CD-ROM is that it is easy to be damaged, and the data is gone.Presentation to parents and teachers groupTwo methods chosen1. photographs and pictures2. videosHow to use the two methods1. Enterprise speaker can advance the picture of the planning area to see parents and teachers group, which can be more intuitive and real audience to understand the contents of the speech.Each speaker can give the audience a picture made, every listener can be more detailed and comprehensive picture of the learned new classrooms and new playground look.Parents and teachers group to see the pictures,you can integrated the various aspects to make recommendations, companies can put proposals to modify the record.2. Enterprise speaker can give parents and teachers group videos to explain the contents of the videos in the audience can quickly get the point. In his speech, parents and teachers group needs more intuitive, so use videos to presentations more persuasive. Enterprise speaker can put new classrooms and new playground analog videos presented to parents and teachers group, so parents and teachers group can be very detailed to watch the speech focus and make recommendations.Why these have been selected1. The purpose of the presentationCompany representatives, parents and teachers gathering together discuss the construction of the new adventure play area, new wildlife garden, including a pond, and updating school library with more 'quiet zones' and 15 new computers. The aim of this presentation is to present to parents and teachers the proposed plans for these areas and to encourage them to recommend ideas and suggestions. The local council is also taking this opportunity to upgrade existing facilities in the school. photographs and pictures and videos of these two methods can be fully speech to the audience to provide comprehensive and detailed information that allows parents and teachers group fully understand the new classrooms and a new playground, detailed pictures and videos can make listeners Presentations more understanding. Clarity, better advice.2. The nature and the size of the audienceThe number of listeners initially set at 18 people, which is a small-scale presentations, the speakers and audience interaction is very important. photographs and pictures and videos of these two speeches are suitable for small-scale ways of speech, Because corporate spokesman and let parents and teachers group to better face to face communication, making communication more accuracy. The speaker can use pictures and videos to answer audience questions, you can also interact with the audience, take advice.3. The venue of the presentationSpeech venue is a large classroom, the size of the classroom is limited, so the site will not be very broad. And the equipment of the classroom is very comprehensive, so the speaker with videos and photographs and pictures these two kinds of speech is very appropriate. These two methods are more convenient for the interaction between the speaker and the audience. Can maximize the effect of the speech, and be able to absorb better recommendations.Advantages1. The advantage of photographs and pictures is to give people the impression deeply, the effect is good.2. The advantage of photographs and pictures is that the picture is vivid and concise.3. Photographs and pictures advantage is high, the picture can be better reflected.4. The advantages of photographs and pictures is a high concrete, pictures can take the language specific presentation in front of the audience.5. Videos advantage is high efficiency and improve the effect of speech.6. Advantage of videos is real high, real videos are shot.Disadvantages1. The disadvantage photographs and pictures it is inconvenient to take notes.2. The disadvantage photographs and pictures that the audience will feel boring.3. The disadvantage is inconvenient to record videos.4. The disadvantage is that videos during playback, may cause the listener's attention is not focused.Presentation to Local councillorsTwo methods chosen1. graphs and charts2. objects and modelsHow to use the two methods1. Enterprises can use the speakers in detail and charts to explain the content of the speech to local councillors, so you can make the audience better understand the content of speech. To speak to local councillors is very formal, the graphs and charts presented to the local councillors is more appropriate. Business speaker in the form of a chart to the traffic survey data presented to the audience, the audience focus on the content can be found in the chart.2. Corporate speakers can be carried out after the graph model entities to explain the content to local councillors, allowing the audience clearly see and feel the expansion of the village simulation. And give local councillors very formal speech, objects and models used in formal speech speech mode. Companies can give each speaker a local councillors see, get in front of each listener, so local councillors can be very detailed understanding of the situation and can make good suggestions.Why these have been selected1. The purpose of the presentationRepresentatives of the company and local members together discuss finalized timetable for project starting spring of next year, data from traffic survey carried out by QinitiQ along with their predicted figures for traffic flow on project completion and recommendations from Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) on native tree planting proposal. Within the council there has been strong support for expansion of existing villages as opposed to establishing new villages. Graphs and charts can be formal way this speech to the audience and explain in detail the content of the speech, objects and models can be more intuitive and clearly explain the contents of the speech can be made more efficient.2. The nature and the size of the audienceThis meeting will take place in the council chambers and there will be a group of 35 people which consists of councillors and representatives from planning, roads and transport and environmental services. The speech 35 audience, a medium size. Enterprises should pay attention to the speaker and every local councillors interaction, Graphs and charts can be used to chart the performance of the content and the ability for everyone to communicate, when rendered objects and models so that we can more intuitive understanding of the content of speech.3. The venue of the presentationSpeech is the place of the meeting room, is a very formal place. It is necessary to use concrete data and detailed accessories to make the speech more formal and professional. graphs and charts speech mode and speech mode objects and models in a formal occasion to explain to the audience the content of speech, so that the audience better understand the presentation content and more explicit.Advantages1.Advantages graphs and charts of high authenticity, charts are based on real information made.2.Advantages graphs and charts is convincing high.3.Advantages graphs and charts that make speech very intuitive.4.Advantages graphs and charts is to make a more detailed presentation.5.Advantages objects and models is more formal, more suitable for speech.6.Advantages objects and models is persuasive relatively large, we can look at the model to explain at the same time.Disadvantages1. The disadvantage graphs and charts that fit in a certain field, people with expertise to understand and intuitive content.2. The disadvantage graphs and charts is the long production time.3. The disadvantage objects and models is not convenient to carry.4. The disadvantage objects and models have cost too costly.ConclusionThis report introduces 6 ways of speaking in 3 scenarios. Respectively is PPT, CD-ROM, photographs and pictures, videos , graphs and charts ,objects and models. And combined with the scene for the purpose of speech, the number of speech and speech scene for a detailed analysis. And summed up the advantages and disadvantages of the 6 ways of speech.ReferenceScottish Qualifications Authority,(2006).Presentation Skills, Peking Economic Times Press,11-31.。

HND商务沟通技巧outcome

商务沟通技巧报告outcomeCommunication: Analysing and PresentingComplex CommunicationUnit Student GuideDE3N 34Outcome 2Contents1.0Introduction 32.0Procedure 33.0Customer service 33.1 What is customer service? 34.0Daily life 3 4.1Dormitory 4 4.2Canteen 44.3 The university hospital 55.0Teaching and studying 55.1 Facility 55.2 Teachers strength 6 5.3Professional curriculm 65.4Career Prospects 76.0 Extracurricular activity 8 6.1Student activity center 86.2 Sports activity 87.0 Conclusion 98.0Bibilgraphy 109.0 Appendices 111.0 IntroductionThis report is for assessment in the Communications unit of the Higher National Certificate in customer service. The aim of this report is to investigate the way in which customer services of Nankai University. The objectives of the report are to define what customer service is and to look at how customer services provided in Nankai University.2.0 ProcedureTo source this report:a) A number of books on customer surveys were consulted.b) Information on customer surveys was taken from internet websites.c) Information was gathered from an interview with the Nankai University students.3.0 Customer surveys3.1 what is customer surveys?Customer service is a customer oriented values, its integration and management in the pre-set the optimal cost - service portfolio of all the ingredients of a customer interface. Broadly speaking, any can improve customer satisfaction contents belong to customer service scope.4.0Daily life4.1 DormitaryAs for the specific accommodation, Nankai there are two places to stay, a district in the South Park Xiangyu, a hospital in the north campus of Nankai. Undergraduate: RuXi dormitory building 5 and earth, spread the bed, bunk bed desk. One floor has a bathroom. The second floor 6 beds, bunk. 4 Building IV Room, capped a bed, bunk bed is the desk, every house with a separate pit. Campus dormitory 6 beds, bunk beds.To the headquarters, 21 residential apartments and the Western better conditions, a large unit in sets of 4-5 4 earth, above the bed below the desk, plus a separate desk cabinet. Conditions quite other quarters.4.2 CanteenNorth School cafeteria prices were relatively cheap. Most people buy lunch at noon, to wait about 15 minutes, but you can also come from the classroom to avoid late peak. South Park canteen individual contract so the price because it is relatively high, do not look too tasty, very few go.A canteen, two canteens, canteen internshipA cafeteria breakfast good, the other is light-based, more girls to go;Two cafeteria on the first floor is the brother hodgepodge, not good but also expensive. On the second floor is not ye. The middle of the dumpling shop that Korean food and good; floor Xin Hong Park restaurant food is equivalent to a child, but also lacks delicious;Three first floor cafeteria breakfast is very cheap, on the second floor of the pasta well.Canteen frequented freshman, is relatively inexpensive;Triangle restaurant food good, prices are also authentic;Jinnan is known as a place with cooking waste oil, something very authentic unpalatable!90 is a place to drink, eat expensive and not good;Park is the foreign students should often go to restaurants where food is more expensive number, but foreigners seemingly wealthy, actually said to me very cheap. .4.3 The university hospitalNankai University Hospital, 35 existing employees in preparing it into medicine, surgery, radiology, and dental and Traditional Chinese Medicine and other departments.Two north of the main building to the university hospital the most commonly encountered situation is to give you a referral certificate. Boring, but the chargeswill be cheaper, or do a number of minor5.0 Teaching and Studying5.1 FacilitiesClassroom and laboratory：There are many buildings for students to learn, like the administration building, the comprehensive test building, Chinese language teaching center, the new stadium, the first mathematical sciences such as building provides students with a good learning environment. They have advanced laboratory. The experiment teaching in chemistry, biology and physics, electrical and electronic four fundamental teaching center, they brought in the life science instrument platform and the polymer of large-scale instrument and equipment.The school laboratory：Schools to make full use of equipment, equipment management approach is very strict, very important to go through a number of regulatory constraints. Include: purchase, inspection and claims, use and management, assessment and punish, repair, scrap.The filing of the instrument also has an important archive requirements.5.2 Teachers strengthCurrently, Nankai University has a neat line, reasonable structure, academic exquisite, innovative teachers. In 2052 full-time teachers have doctoral instructor in 619, 723 professors, 787 associate professor, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering 11, 5 Academy of Sciences in developing countries, "973" and "863" Chief Expert 9, the State Council degree Committee Subject 12, 12 state-level experts with outstanding contributions, distinguishedProfessor of Cheung Kong Scholars Program 31, 14 Changjiang scholar Chair Professor, National outstanding Youth Fund, 29 winners , selected countriestalents Project 20, program for New Century excellent Talents in University (including the former Ministry of Education, cross-century talents fund) selected were 120 people, the national teacher of college teaching 8, Tianjin, "131" Talent Project first level 25.Not only do they have a wealth of knowledge but also have their only teaching style. They will be based on the character of the different students with different educational. Students in this university will have a well development.5.3 Professional curriculumNankai university is the famous medical arts with comprehensive university, the liberal arts subjects, such as finance, international finance, financial engineering, insurance study, insurance actuarial science, finance, international economic trade and applied economics, western economics, macroeconomics, microeconomics, political economics theory of economics, modern international logistics, industry and commerce administration, administrative management, political science, management science, history, tourism, Chinese literature and other professional subject in the leading position. Science subjects, such as science subject in the national life categories is the best. Such as mathematics and applied mathematics, physics and mathematics theory, optical and optical technology, intelligent robot technology, electronic information technology and software science, chemical materials, energy chemical, biological chemistry, biology, medicine, biology gene microbial science technique research ability and ranked the academic level. So, there are various profession options for students.5.4 Career prospectsIn domestic and foreign, Nankai university employment is possible, the college alumni is also widely to every corner of the world, in addition to the learning environment of a school superior outside, the school also open network platform, through the Nankai university employment nets to provide a good platform for the students to better understand the employment information. After a few years of construction, the website whether from the function development, column setup to technical service level are achieved certain level. With your current site employment trends, employment guidance, employment policy, professional introduction, civil service examinations, laws and regulations, professional evaluation, recruitment, employment information, students and information service columns recommendation. In addition, the site also creative developed individualized service and management way, for every registered users and units provide users graduates of an independent virtual space for student online recruitment information, delivering customized electronic resume and employers recruitment information, receiving students released resume to provide a broad network space.Nankai university employment information can not only through the network information get understanding, school every year also holds a recruitment conference, each enterprise company came to select the people, so that students will have more opportunities to understand social employment situation.6.0 Extracurricular activities6.1 Student Activity CenterNew student activity center investment of 100 million yuan, cover an area of about 13000 square meters, from the grey, black and brown rust 3 kinds of color aluminum panel is built, the contour novel chic, strong contemporary feeling, like a piano. Thereare more than 1150 square meters of floor open hall, multi-function hall of more than 500 square meters and more than 1000 square meters of theatre, also have student service center, PaiLianTing symphony, make up, Musical Instruments, the classroom, activity room, library exhibition hall, the engine room and piano room, etc.6.2 Sports activitySchool to support the development of student sports organization, encourage and support them conducting various forms of student sports activities. School for student sports organization equipped with professional guidance teachers, most of the students in the exercise of the body while improving the skills. At present, the school has set up taijiquan, table tennis room, chess &cards room, tennis, football, martial arts, bicycle, badminton 16 student sports organization. Student sports organization is active with other colleges and universities jointly carrying out the sports communication, and other forms of sports activities and in communication enhance friendship, to broaden their horizons, improve level. Such as badminton association of tianjin university of successive hold more badminton team competition, and Beijing university badminton association exchange ", strengthen the two schools students of badminton sport cooperation and exchanges. Student sports organization also take an active part in tianjin game, won a very good performance, won the honor for the school. Badminton club won the 2007 "alpha cup" tianjin university badminton team competition champion.7.0 ConclusionThis report on field surveys, questionnaires and hands-on way to an interview survey of each customer's situation,Nankai University, and discover the pros and cons of these customer services. Generally speaking, most customers have some drawbacks, and most of the students reflect the same situation, we need to improve theseproblems.The problem of most students: the high price of dining, you could not use cash, part of the construction is too old school, teaching facilities incomplete, and some accommodation is no separate bathroom floor, easily lost in the campus bike. These are the schools need improvement, such as: canteen price adjustment, and allows the use of cash; old school relocation, new building construction equipment; for each dormitory building be equipped with separate toilet, to strengthen the management of the campus to combat theft .8.0 BibliographyThe websites visited included:/default.asp/english/shownews.asp?newsid=1049/news/show.jsp?informationid=200812030915297814 /wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%BC%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD% A6The book is‘Communication: Analysing and Presenting Complex Communication Unit Student Guide’10.0 Appendices11。

HND信息技术最后的报告

考试要求Outcome(s)covered2 and3 USAP2 ITAS 1Assessment task instructionsThis assessment is based upon a case study for USAPITAS Ltd. You should receive a copy of this case study prior to the assessment event to allow you sufficient time to assimilate the details of it. During this period, you may ask questions or seek clarification on any matters included in the case study.The assessment will be carried out under supervision although you may wish to refer to on-line help facilities, notes, textbooks, other paper based sources of information and also the internet.You will find these files in a folder called USAPITAS LTD on your college intranet or from a location indicated by your tutor/assessor.The remote computer data sources will be found on the web. The file USAPITAS 1.xls provides you with a collection of web links, which will assist you in finding information on the web. You will have to access at least three sites on the web.In all cases where information is used from external sources you must clearly detail your sources in your bibliography at the end of each assessment.You will assess the information requirements of Mr Campbell, Sales Director of USAPITAS Ltd, and design solutions using IT.You will select appropriate software application packages to meet the identified information requirements of Mr Campbell. Four or more applications must be used and output should be in the form of at least two different data types. For the purposes of this exemplar you will use at least text, number and graphics.For the purposes of this exemplar assessment, the following software applications will be used:♦database♦spreadsheet♦word processing and/or desk top publishing♦communications (internet, intranet and e-mail)Case study: USAPITAS LTDBackground informationUSAPITAS is a food and beverage supplier. USAPITAS purchases various different speciality beverages and foods from around the world. Currently the firm deals with upto 29 different suppliers from 12 countries. USAPITAS purchases up to 70 different products from these suppliers, and sell to 24 different firms in 10 different countries. International company and not bigThe firm has been trading since 1956 when it started selling bulk teas and coffees to the retail trade. The firm is a private limited company.USAPITAS is currently undergoing some structural changes and Mr Campbell, the Sales Director, is seeking to achieve efficiency gains in the area of sales within the organisation. Mr Campbell wishes to increase the customer base of USAPITAS. Initially this will involve reviewing current countries that the firm is trading in, but eventually should lead to expansion into other countries. Mr Campbell wants to see improvementsin communications between USAPITAS and all of its stakeholders including customers, suppliers, staff and shareholders. He would also like to introduce more products into the firm’s range of supplies. Mr Campbell sees ICT as a useful tool in his expansion plans.He wishes to make better use of current ICT技术沟通手段facilities at USAPITAS, and he also wishesto harness the use of the internet to better effect for USAPITAS. The firm has recentlylost its IT manager and you have been promoted into his post.Mr Campbell has asked you to look at the existing IT facilities in use at USAPITAS. Heis unhappy with the information being provided to him and his staff. He would like you,as the new IT manager, to provide better data from existing data sources, and make better use of the internet in various areas within the firm.In part 1 of this task you will be expected to provide data from an existing database建立数据库,which contains some sales information. The data contained within the database is accurate but poorly presented. Your task will be to use the database provided to produce some queries and reports, which should be available for staff to use with the minimum level of IT expertise. In carrying out this task you should note that current sales staff have varying degrees of IT skills.In part 2 of this task you will be asked to use software to support analysis of the financial performance of USAPITAS. You will be provided with current data which should beused for test purposes. Again, as above, you must take account of the fact that staff using your solutions may not be very familiar with IT.In part 3 of this task you will be asked to produce a newsletter for staff which will increase their awareness of the internet and its benefits for USAPITAS. This newsletterwill also contain staff development and training information.In part 4 of this task you will be asked to complete a table recommending appropriate software applications which meet the needs of USAPITAS in a number of examples identified by Mr Campbell.Task 2: Part 1USAPITAS 2.mdbThis file contains a database that Mr Off, the previous IT manager, had maintained. It includes information on all sales staff, all customers, all suppliers and details of the products, which the firm deals in.Activity 1&2Task 2 -- Part1Activity 1&2 课上做Mr Campbell is unhappy with the quality of information on the sales front and has asked you to provide the following information for him in printout form.a) Details of all products which have been discontinued 滞销— this should include the product name, the suppliers we have used in the past and a contact name.b) Details of products for which we are currently holding levels of stock worth more than £1,000. This should detail product name, supplier, stock values and unitprices.c) A printout of our suppliers showing the details of all of our British, French and German suppliers.d) A report on our customers showing the names and contact details of all contacts where the contact is not in fact an owner of the firm.e) A report on our sales staff showing those who started between 1st August 1998 and13 August 2002. This report should detail names, start dates and job titles for each member of staff.Activity 3Mr Campbell would also like you to provide him with a word-processed report explaining what databases are and how they work (purpose of the report). This report should contain illustrations from thedatabase provided (USAPITAS 2.mdb). This report should make a case for using database software, ie it should include the benefits and possible efficiency gains to be had from using database software数据库优势. At some point in your report Mr Campbell would wish tosee illustrations and explanations of relationships between tables using the USAPITAS2.mdb file.You should make use of on-line help facilities and you should add sources of supportfrom the web — these may include references to justifications for using databases to online support from software manufacturers.A suggested layout for this report is shown on pages 15–21 and is available in your USAPITAS LTD folder; the file is called USAPITAS 3.doc. The report should be about1,500 words long.Contents, page number, header (USAPITAS Database Report), Footer (Class; name), cover page 必包含内容Suggested layout for word processed report (Task 2: Part 1 Activity 3)Your submissions on this case study, ie your word-processed report and your final database including queries and reports should be attached to an email to be sent to your lecturer.Database definition♦请上网到搜素引擎中找- 数据库定义找到一个用你自己的话翻译过来即可数据库可以分为一下几部分（表，字段和记录）分别用自己的话或书上的话或网络上的定义解释一下（引用请一定要标记出处）How databases work♦查网站找出flat file databases（文件数据库）and relational databases （关系型数据库）.的区别（Google：file database relational database 能找到几个网站有介绍，请注明网站资料来源）要把建立的关系的照片照上去Explain how relationships operate and their significance Use USAPITAS 2.mdb to illustrate the structure of this database. 通过USAPITAS 2.mdb解释数据表之间得关系（截图）并说明哪些表连接在一起。

商务沟通Outcome1-总汇

商务沟通O u t c o m e1-总汇(总5页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--商务沟通 Lesson 1～3:Practical approaches needed for successful communication in the workplaceof this Unit:Analyse complex written business informationProduce complex written business documentsOrganise and participate in a formal meetingCommunication :Any communication that uses words to convey meaning. Speaking and writing are both forms of verbal communication.Communication:Involvement of sending messages through body language, gestures, facial expressions, tone of voice, and other indicators of meaning that don't involve the use of spoken or written language.5.Analysis :The process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it.Examining in detailEvaluating the words, sentences and paragraphs:To determine the value of something or to appraise it.8.Evaluation of business documents:Making a judgement about how effective the document is in achieving what the writer set out to do.:A fact is a piece of information that people generally agree is true.:An Opinion is one point of view among many:The forms of language used to refer to particular subject matter.:The choice of words used to convey a messageAccurate denotation can make writing easierAppropriate connotations convey the attitude you wantThe choice of words used to convey a messageFormal words (official and proper)Respectful words (polite)Concise words (short and simple)Apposite wordsThe way that words are used to convey a messageContracted words are usually not used in formal business writingCareful writers aim for concise writingThe way that words are used to convey a messageCareful writers aim for elegant writingThe way that words are used to convey a messageMeanings should be clear and unambiguousThe way that words are used to convey a messagePunctuation and syntax should be correct商务沟通Types of writing一、适用范围及目的To present information. email, report, proposal, articleTo inform a colleague within organisation. memo, email, minutes of meetingTo inform a customer / supplier outside of organisationemail, letter, minutes of meeting, faxTo maintain written evidence. minutes of meeting, letter, reportTo sell products or services. Email, letter, advertisingTo make application. Email, letter, proposalTo assure quality of product or service. Report, proposal, specificationTo thank / complaint. Email, letter, report, fax二、具体详解1.Memos(Memoranda)Purpose：A short note / message used within an organisationConventions（惯例）：Containing of ‘Memo’ at the topNormally, To, From, Subject and Date are used as subheadings（副标题）Purpose：Used within / outside an organisation and between individuals（个人） Conventions：Less accepted conventions because of newnessTo, From, Subject filledNo formal greeting required sometimesGenerally informal and less strictLettersPurpose：Used between organisation and individualsConventions：Headed notepaper usedRecipient’s name on the left hand sideFormal opening greeting or salutationText in short paragraphsMessage in respectful toneFormal closing greetingPrinted sender’s name underneath the signatureLeft alignment without indentsNo commas in address, opening and closing greetings‘Yours sincerely’ responding to a named recipient, and ‘Yours faithfully’ to an unknown recipient4.Notice of MeetingPurpose:a notice sent out in advance to inform people who are invited to the meeting.Conventions：The name of the committee/working party/group/person holding the meeting Details of the people involvedThe date of the meetingThe time of the meetingThe venue that the meeting will be held inThe purpose of the meeting and/or and invitation to submit agenda items Optionally, any special requests5.AgendaPurpose:a list of things that the members of the meeting will discuss.Conventions：The word AgendaName of the organisation/committee/group or person calling the meetingThe date and time of the meetingThe venue of the meetingThe following agenda items:Apologies, . the names of those absentMinutes of the last meetingMatters arisingThe topics of the meetingAny other businessDate and time of next meeting6.MinutesPurpose:an essential part of a meeting though it involves time and expense even after the meeting has ended.Conventions：The name of the meetingWhere and when the meeting took placePresent, . the names of the participantsApologiesMinutes of the previous meetingItems on the agendaExtraordinary items (if any)Any Other BusinessDate and time of next meeting.7.ReportPurpose:Used in the workplace to investigate a problem or issueConventions:Introduction section, outlining the purposeProcedures section, explaining the steps taken to gather informationFindings section, presenting the informationConclusions section, highlighting the implications of findings Recommendations section, outlining the proposed courses of actionVarious appendices might be attached as supportWritten in the third person, mainly passiveMay contain graphics, charts, pictures and tables8.FaxesPurpose:Usually outside an organisation and between individualsTo confirm or arrange?a business transactionSometimes as a temporary duplication of a document if sending the document takes timeConventions:‘Fax’ at the topTo, From, Date and Subject lines, and also with two or more additional lines, such as Attn. (Attention) and Pages.商务沟通Be shorter (1/3 – 1/2) than the originalShow the links between various parts of the original textContain the main points and the main supporting detailsMaintain the original meaningDo not mislead readersDo not include summary writer’s own opinion:Single words, short phrases, or complete sentences that indicate the topic of the text. Headlines should be .Each font can be in several sizes and in several styles.Emphasised fonts:Bold---加粗Italics---斜体Underlines---下划线youtHeadline and fontsMarginsSpacingParagraphsLines5.StructureTo present information in an appropriate order:Being determined by the route taken by information as it passes through an organisation.Reflecting the stages of a manufacturing process.。

HND客户服务OUTCOME1案例

Assessment Task 1Outcomes covered 1 and 2Assessment Case study: The ABC AirlineAn ABC Airline is an airline based in Singapore who has a young fleet, experienced pilots, attentive cabin crew and the pickiest ground technicians in the world.This airline company claims to offering the customer its undivided attention and care. Today, it is taking great pride in its reputation for both quality and being a ‘good listener’. It has learnt that superior-quality service pays off and, most importantly, that doing what the customer wants is the key to customer retention.As one of Asia’s largest route network operations, the ABC Airline conducted in 2005 one of the most comprehensive and extensive passenger surveys ever carried out. As the usual industrial practice only a few thousand travelers are asked for their views and comments. The airline surveyed over 400,000 Asian business travelers who fly with them or other airlines. What’s noteworthy is not the survey results, but the response to what business customers want.Top of the list of wants for a better flight for business customers was more leg-room and elbow-room, followed in third and fourth places by designated lounges and non-smoking aircraft. Separate check-ins and passport control were the top two most important convenience factors stressed by the business customers surveyed.The ABC Airline listened and took note by heart. It carried out tests on wider seating arrangement for business-class passengers on selected domestic and international routes. Responses were very positive. It redesigned a unique response where the airline world is concerned, business-class seats to make them wider. To ensure that The ABC Airline got things right first time, the design of the new seat was carefully thought out. The airline seat manufacturer, which was commissioned to do the redesign, was brought in to work with the airline’s marketing and technical staff. Other conveniences were also incorporate into the ne w seats. For example, they are equipped with modern communication systems, and a credit-card-operated telephone is installed in each armrest!Finding out what target customers require or desire is one thing. Responding to these demands and to the satisfaction of customers is another. The ABC Airline ran an ad campaign to thank respondents in the survey. But as the story above shows, a customer focus can benefit service business. To improve service quality, the firm must listen to what customers want and then commit resources to deliver precisely that.NB: The Case Study above is totally fictitious. It does not depict any real company.。

HND_商务沟通_outcome1

Assessment task 1Access the White PaperGreen ICT---The Greening of BusinessSkim the report briefly to get a sense of the topic and viewpoint, then focus on reading Section 3-3.1 of Green ICT in the Office.访问白皮书绿色信息通信技术——绿化业务脱脂报告简要地得到了人们的主题和观点,然后专注于阅读部分3 - 3.1绿色信息通信技术在办公室。

3.1 Green ICT in the office3.1.1 Energy-efficient use of equipment and use of energy- efficient equipment.Each and every office desktop offers opportunities to save energy. This involves both energy-efficient use of equipment and the use of energy-efficient equipment.3.1绿色信息通信技术在办公室3.1。

1节能设备的使用和使用节能设备。

每个办公室桌面提供了机会来节约能源。

这涉及到两个节能设备的使用和使用节能设备。

Leaving a copler switched on overnight uses as much power as it takes to make 1500 copies. [Experton].离开一个copler开启一夜之间使用的电力相当于让1500册。

[Experton]。

Even without deploying any new technology, significant savings can be realized by encouraging office workers to change their habits. Company policies can be contribute: for example, through the use of hibernation mode and power-management software for hardware, duplex printing, and generally avoiding unnecessary printouts.即使没有部署任何新技术,可以实现节约大量通过鼓励办公室员工改变他们的习惯。

HND-商法导论Outcome1答案

1.Sources of Scots Law are Statute Law, European Union Law, and Common Law 2.the licensing (scotland)act 1975 sale of goods act 1979 employment rights act 1996 the human rights act 1998 dog fouling (scotland) act 2003 3.family law disputes land disputes employment law disputes parliament is the superior legislative body .after theact of union in 1707, the new scttish parliament is not completely in 1707, independent parliament is primary. be 5.a crme is behavior which is harmful to society.it will will be punished.for example, murder, rape,theft,fraud，assault belong to crimes. 6.it exists a conflict between scots and eu law ,the scottish courts would have to obey the eu's legal system. eu is a club which has 27 member of the states.britain is a member of the club.so the britian must do its responesibility,and give up their own law.if the britain desided to quit the club ,the laws of the britain follow the domestic law . 7.speaking exactly the council of ministers,with the advice of of ministers,with european parliament .cm and ep have the law-making powers.the european court of justice implement eu law .the eu commission can propose laws effectively. 8.act of parliament are often considered as legislation . the statute is made uk parliament and the scottish parliament. 9. A.Judicial Precedent is a process involves a process whereby a judge can develop a rule of law by making a decision in a test case. A test case refers to the one in which clarification of an important point of law is sought, and judges after listening to opposite legal arguments will have to make the decision about which view of the law is correct. B.Once this decision has been made, future judges and course will be expected to follow the reasoning in the test case, if they are dealing with a case with similar legal issues. C.It not every judge can make a new binding legal rule. The authority of the judge or court should be considered here, if the unlikely to to be able to relatively junior, he/she will be unlikely judge is is relatively create a new rule of law. But on the other hand, if the rule comes from superior courts, this decision will be followed by the lower or inferior courts. D.Judicial precedent or case law is parts of the unwritten law of Scotland. E.Donoghue v Stevneson (1932) 10. Criminal law is deals with all types of offences and crimes, concerns itself with the recognition of what amounts to a crime and the punishments suitable for these recognized crimes. Criminal conduct is the behavior which threatens the safety and security of the community. So the offender should be punished by imprisonment or fine or some other sanctions. Examples: murder, piracy, fire raising, assault, fraud, theft Civil law is concerned with non-criminal disputes and situation. The settlement of legal disputes between individuals and other bodies The payment of compensation from one party to another for loss or injury The setting of procedures to govern financial and other matters. example divorce case. 。

HND市场营销报告outcome(可打印修改)

Outcome10 If you need more report of HND, please come to Wonder(App.) to find me.1 Identify three key characteristics of the marketing concept.The first is to fully understand customer's needs and market, and formulate customer-oriented marketing strategy. Firstly, companies should investigate customers and markets, and then process market and customer information. These will determine the customers they want to serve, which means the target market and how they can better serve, which means their value orientation. When a company decides who they serve, it will find the target market by segmenting the market and targeting the level, time and nature of customer demand. Then they differentiated and found their place in the market.The second is to establish a complete market plan to provide customers with better value. We should pay attention to the following four aspects about how to provide better value for customers. First, the company designs products and services, such as product diversity, quality, brand name, packaging, etc., to bring strong brands to customers. In terms of price, companies need to create real value. In terms of promotion, the company can carry out advertising, personnel sales, price promotion and so on. There are many distribution channels and supply chains in the local area.The third is to establish profitable relationships with customers and maintain customer satisfaction. The toy company should establish a good and solid relationship with the selected customers in order to achieve continuous benefits. In managing partnerships, companies should also build strong relationships with their partners.2 Explain and give examples of key factors influencing the micro and macro environment of Day Dream Toys.In the micro environment, the factors that affect the company's customer service usually include the company, competitors, suppliers, customer markets, the public and marketing intermediaries. There are more than 1000 senior managers, financial personnel, purchasing personnel, R&D personnel, accountants, operators and so on. These organic and related combinations together form the internal environment. The whole company should cooperate with the marketing department and take the market as the leading factor. Just as the company has formulated a series of limited wooden toys for preschool education, this is the demand of their target customers. The whole company should understand and create value. For companies, their competitors are the other toymakers. Over the years, they have been always looking for their place. And they finally find their customer market is mainly dominated by kids. And they slowly expands their product portfolio and have the five-to-eight-year-old market.Suppliers play an important role in providing value to value customers. They will provide resources for the company's products and services.Distributors help companies sell their products to customers. This is a very important link. In this case, "daydream" can only be sold through small toy stores, so it has been trying to get large chains to store their goods. After buying their goods in a large department store, it turned out to be profitable and helped them go public.In the macro environment, it may be influenced by the larger factors which include demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural forces.Technological environment will bring companies both opportunities and challenges. If they fail to follow technological changes, they will let the chances of new products and marketing slip. Under the conditions of the continuous development of new digital technology, Daydream Company should also make corresponding adjustments. It can launch products that are more in line with the technical background to gain the attention of the public and obtain marketing opportunities. At the same time, Daydream can use more advanced digital media technology to promote their products and open the market.Environmental sustainability issues in the past thirty years of steady growth. The natural environment presents three major trends: some shortage of raw materials, pollution levels rise and the government intervention to increase the intensity of natural resource management. For Daydream, it should select green and recyclable materials for the selection of products. It can also cooperate with environmental protection agencies to launch a series of toys which has the images of protecting the earth’s resources, and add the promotional content of environmental protection knowledge to the product promotion. And the price can be priced based on the degree of deficiencies in the resources that the product represents.3 Explain why market research and the information gathered are important to an organisation like Day Dream Toys.Marketing research can be defined as the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data relevant to a special marketing situation facing an organization. Secondary research is divided into internal method and external method. The internal sources includes average order cost, sale history, distribution outlet, etc. The external sources includes the journals, government websites, libraries, newspapers, etc.Primary research, also known as research using primary sources, is the method which uses the direct data and resources. Primary research can also be further divided into qualitative and quantitative research.Through the market research, the research information can help Day Dream Toys stay in touch with customers’ changing attitudes and purchase patterns and in a timely to adjust to satisfy customers demand. It can assists Day Dream Toys in better understanding market opportunities and determines the feasibility of a particular marketing strategy. It can also help the Day Dream Toys in the development of marketing mixes and match the needs of customers. And it improves Day Dream Toys marketer’s ability to make decision. Market information is the effective way to improve Day Dream Toys benefit, and can also lower the risks.4 Explain how Day Dream Toys might collect and use market research information. Include one quantitative and one qualitative research technique in your response.The Day Dream Toys through the primary research and secondary research to obtain information, the method of primary research have qualitative and quantitative.Qualitative research concerns the gathering of information which can be interpreted in a number of ways. This type of research does not need a strict design plan before it begins. However, Qualitative research of a study using qualitative research is heavily involved in the process, which gives the researcher a subjective view of the study and its participants. When the Day Dream Toys has just founded, it can using the method of group discussions to collect information about new product development, because this method can produce more information, and usually not statistical-more opinions and individuals’ thought.Quantitative research allows the researcher to measure and analyze data. The relationship between an independent variable is studied in detail. Researcher is more objective about the findings of the research. But, the main disadvantage of quantitative research is the context of study or experiment is ignored. The main research techniques include experimental research and surveys. It can use the method of survey to collect information, preference on different kind of drinks.Day Dream Toys can through the telephone survey to obtain information, because this method is fast, low cost, high response rates, and wide range. Because the information is high value, Day Dream Toys can quickly know customer’s demand for toys, and formulate the corresponding strategy. Besides, Day Dream Toys can also know details by conducting questionnaire online.5 Explain the process of market segmentation and targeting, and the benefits of segmentation and targeting to Day Dream Toys.There are many types of customers and products in the market and the composition of demand, so customers in the market should be grouped according to various standards and methods, such as geography and population preference psychology, in order to provide services. This process is called market segmentation.The marketing department divides these into different groups, chooses the group that can bring them the greatest value, and then designs products and services for this group to meet their wishes and needs. This is the choice of the target market.Firstly, organizations should understand the basis of market segmentation, the similarities and differences of customer needs, and how to make better use of the limited resources of enterprises. Understand that people living in similar geographical location, cultural value and social background inevitably have the same or similar tendencies in some products, but different ages and individuals will bring different needs to everyone. Therefore, if an enterprise wants to stand out, it must make full use of all resources, find the most valuable target market and increase its competitive advantage.Market segmentation can be divided into the following steps. The first step of market segmentation is to select the market scope of products. On this basis, the corresponding market development strategy is formulated. The second step is to list the needs of potential customers. We can list the factors that affect customers' buying behavior and product market from the aspects of population, geography, psychology and so on. Thirdly, organizations should analyze the different needs of potential customers. The company can analyze and evaluate the demand variables of different potential customers by sampling survey method to understand the common needs of customers. The fourth step is to investigate the market and customers according to their own business conditions, and ultimately select valuable markets and formulate relevant effective marketing strategies.For example, by market segmentation, Day Dream Toys found its own market and established it as a pre-school education toy market. Initially, the product range is simple wooden toys, extending to spicy baby and wooden train suits, and then continue to expand to determine their own 5-8 year-old children's market. Because its clear market positioning provides a clear direction for the company's development, and is committed to safe, high-quality toys, in order to maintain a certain turnover, establish a safe, green, high-quality product image, customer satisfaction has been improved, market opportunities have been opened up. It is precisely because of thisclear market positioning that the company concentrates human and material resources to develop the "rural cousin series" and has achieved great success. There are three ways to determine the market target, namely, subdividing attraction, business strength and selecting subdividing market. Whether there are differentiated marketing, differentiated marketing and centralized marketing. Through differentiated marketing and centralized marketing to provide customers with daydream toys. They focus on making bears and other animals for children, making more than 40 different styles and types.Outcome 21 Explain marketing theory in relation to each of the 4Ps. Explain the factorsthat would influence each element of the Marketing Mix(4Ps) for Day Dream Toy Company.Marketing mix means the set of tactical marketing tools-product, price, place, and promotion-that the firm blends to produce the response to wants in the target market. The marketing mix consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for its product. The main purpose of marketing is to meet the needs of consumers.Products are anything that can be offered to the market to attract attention, acquire, use or consume, possibly meeting needs or needs. It includes objects, services, people, places, organizations and ideas. Product portfolio refers to all products that an organization provides to its customers. In this case the company originally produced a limited range of wooden toys for the market of preschool students. After the series of "Country Relatives" animated dramas aired, daydream toys company launched the series. Daydream toys, the only series of products, have good compatibility, consistency and continuity. Then, this series of products continued to expand to include wooden characters, lovely characters, wooden game houses and landscapes, a series of 30 "country relatives" storybooks and so on. In addition to the Country Cousins series, daydream toys also produce traditional wooden puzzles, wood brakes, wooden blocks and various other wooden toys for the pre-school market. However, the production of "own brand" products may lead to a reduction in demand for daytime dream brand products, so other alternatives to the company's product mix include the introduction of larger toys such as payment rooms, climbing frames and slides. To meet the changing needs of the market, the company launched a series of new pre-school books, such as Dolphin Dolly series, and developed a series of new self-study books.Pricing strategy mainly refers to the combination and application of controllable factors such as basic price, discount price, allowance, payment term, commercial credit, pricing methods and pricing techniques related to pricing. Reasonable pricing helps customers distinguish between products and competitive brands, and guides marketers to evaluate the importance of price to consumers. It is also a combination of product price and quality attributes. Common pricing methods include penetration pricing, competitive pricing, restrictive pricing, cost plus pricing, skimming pricing, etc. For example, the company used price skimming. They gained exclusive rights to produce "country cousins" dolls, so they set higher prices when the products just entered the market. But since then, there has been competition for similar products. In order to maintain sales, the company had to lower its price.Place mainly refers to the combination and application of controllable factors such as channel coverage, commodity circulation links, middlemen, network settings, storage and transportation. At first, the company no longer fantasized that it would not be accepted by any large chain store, but began to play with the idea of mail-order sales. But it didn't succeed. As business continues to expand, daydream acquired a plush doll manufacturer. Distribution channel is one of the four elements of marketing mix. Distribution is a process in which consumers or business users use or consume products or services, using direct or indirect means through intermediaries. There are three types of distribution agencies - wholesalers, retailers and sales agents. Daydream Toys Co., Ltd. works with retailers and toy companies to show products to potential buyers, negotiate prices, and complete sales and after-sales services.Promotion refers to the activity of conveying the advantages of the product and persuading the target customers to buy the product. The main marketing methodsinclude advertising, promotion, public relations, personal sales, direct and digital marketing. For example, daydream company put forward the idea of mail-order sales, through newspaper mail-order sales to a certain extent to promote its safe, green, high-quality brand, which belongs to direct and digital marketing. But it has not achieved good results. So they began to adopt the method of advertising and publicity. The cooperation with rural cousins was based on the popularity of rural cousins animation. They began to cooperate with rural cousins. Animation plays are equivalent to advertising their toys. Salesmen also maintain good relations with their retailers. They will be promoted in time to ensure continued sponsorship.2 Explain the importance of the following in the marketing of services:(a) Process(b) People(c) Physical evidenceProcess means focusing on quality and quality control needed to ensure service consistency. This is a key factor in the marketing mix. Service is different from physical products, and takes place "on the spot". Customers like to know what will happen. Examples include the process of reducing waiting for system and service delivery. So there must be a leader in health and Beauty Spa. Therefore, process is very important in marketing strategy.People play an important role in providing services. Customer satisfaction is intrinsically linked to service providers. Everyone is directly or indirectly involved in the consumption process. For example, health and beauty SPA has stimulated the enthusiasm of employees to meet the needs of customers. If the customer is satisfiedwith your service, it may have a positive impact on the development of your company. For health and beauty SPA, the assistant's attitude may affect the customer. Therefore, people are very important in marketing strategy.Physical evidence is a tangible part of marketing service and can be seen and touched objectively. It resembles the luxurious and comfortable interior decoration of a health salon, including tables, chairs, beds, lamps, containers, tableware, wall materials, uniforms worn by the staff and so on. These gorgeous decorations will bring excellent experience and enjoyment to customers, making them feel that the store has brought them more brand and product value, and they are more willing to establish a good and solid relationship with it.3 Explain how Day Dream Toys might adapt their marketing max in response to three changing market conditions.When conducting market research, it is more convenient to obtain all kinds of information from all over the world and establish customer database. They can use more accurate and effective analysis tools to analyze the data they get. Then, managers will make more accurate decisions, so as to make their own precise target market. At the same time, the company uses the Internet media, which spreads very fast, to promote its products and to put its advertisements on the website through a lot of clicks. We should also use the convenient network for online sales, so as to realize the direct transfer from manufacturers to consumers. Cultural changes also have an impact on the company. So, Day Dream Toys can launch products with local cultural characteristics according to different regional cultures. In terms of promotion, it can add the introduction of the inspirational cultural source and local cultural characteristics of the product, which will be attractive.A country's economic decline means that every citizen will have less disposable capital. At the times of economic recession, daydream toys must reduce their production and change their pricing strategy to lower prices. When the economy is booming, daydream toys should increase production and change their pricing strategy to higher prices.。

SQA——HND——商法导论——outcome1 答案

2. Crime is an act which include social harmfulness, criminal richtswitrig and should be punitive. It threatens and damages the public interests, violates criminal law. And it should be punished by criminal law.3. shoplifting, murder, rape,fire-raising,fraud4. contractual disputes,succession disputes,trusts,personal injury claims,family law disputes5. EU law, Common law, statute law6. First, European Union is an organization which include 27 member states. Second, the 27 member states must abide by EU l aw. Third, EU law is prevailed over member’s law. When EU law and UK law form conflict, it must use the EU law.7. In 1972, UK joined the EU. And UK published the European Communities Act. When EU law and UK law form conflict, UK must use the EU law, If UK out of EU, it can not use the EU law.8. The European commission’s function is proposed law for a lawsuit. The council of ministers isa legislature. Its role is to pass the law and to represent the EU and other countries signed an agreement. European parliament’s role is to realize the EU law with the council of ministers. European court of Justice’s role is to interpret the EU law.9. Judicial precedents is a judge to create the legal process. When the judge found no judgment relevant laws and the judge had to create a new law. And the law need be created by High Court. It must be abide by each court in the future. The inferior court to abide by a superior couet to create laws. The superior court to abide by its own create laws. Example: Donoghue V Stevenson 1932 SC(HL) 3110. Statutes is law enacted by the parliament.There are UK parliament law and Scottish parliament law in UK. At first some laws are made by UK parliament and only for Scotland. Later, Scotland gets the rights to make its own law in some areas.11. Between 1707 and 1998, there is not Scottish parliament in UK. Only the UK parliament directly for Scotland to make law. From 1998, the UK parliament authorized the rights to make laws for Scotland. So the law was draw up by UK parliament called primary law. The law was draw up by Scottish parliament called secondary laws.12. 1998 Scotland Act , 1975 The Licensing Act , 1976 The Divorce Act , 1979 Sale of goods Act , 1996 Emloyment rights Act .。

HND商法导论outcome1

1 Sources of modern Scots Law.Statute law,common law and European Union law2 How do you describe the doctrine of judicial precedent? Examples of judicial precedent.It means that a judge can make law when there aren't legislation or precedents for him to use to deal with the case in his hand. In doing so, the judge or judges listen to arguments of all parties to decide which view of law is right. This case is called test case. They make their decision and then future judges should follow the reasoning in the test case . Not all the judges have the authority to make precedents. Junior judges usually can not do this. Ruling made by superior court must be followed by lower court.3 Which is more powerful: the Westminster Parliament or the Scottish Parliament? Why? The Westminster Parliament is superior. On the one hand, Scottish Parliament passes laws within the power conferred by the Westminster. On the other hand, the Westminster can abolish Scottish Parliament by passing an act.4 What is a statute?A statute is where a legislation is written down. A legislation made by parliament is called Act of Parliament, and also known as a statute.5 Name five Acts of Parliame nt.6 What are the main differences between civil and criminal law in Scotland? Criminal law is to maintain law and order by punishing criminals. The punishments includes imprisonment and fine and so on. Civil law is to resolve legal disputes between individuals such as divorce, personal injury, contractual disputes, sale of goods, etc. Criminal and civil cases are dealt with by different courts, who use different proof rules and follow different procedure.7 What is a crime? (You should list four examples of criminal behaviour) A crime is a kind of behaviour which threatens or destroys social security and should be punished by the state. Murder, rape, treason, theft, manslaughter, robbery, bribery, fraud, etc.8 Examples of a civil dispute. Contractual disputes, employment disputes, debt recovery, divorce, personal injury, land diputes9 If any conflicts between Scots and European Union Law, which one should the Scottish Courts follow? Why? European Union law. The UK is now a member of the EU. In order to enjoy the benefit as a member, the UK must obey the EU law. The UK has passed an act to confirm its membership and accepted that the EU law shall be superior to its domestic law.10 List the four most important institutions of the European Union and Which of them has law-making powers?1 The Council of Ministers.2 The European Parliament.3 The European Court of Justice.4 The European Commission.The Council of Ministers and the European Parliament has law-making powers.1 Examples of The European Union can make legal rules. Regulations, Directives, Decisions, Recommendations and Opinions2 “the primacy of European Union Law”? It means that when there is a conflict between EU law and Scots law, a Scottish court implements the EU law instead of Scots law.4 What is …legislation‟? Legislation refers to laws passed by the parliaments. These laws are Acts of Parliament. Besides, there is delegated legislation, which is made by bodies lower than the parliaments and authorized by the parliaments.5 Which of the two legislative bodies is more important? The Westminster Parliament is more important than The Scottish Parliament.6 What does the XXX (Scotland) Act mean? It means that this legislation is made by Scottish Parliament and applys to Scotland only.8 What is the burden of proof in a criminal trial which a prosecutor must achieve in order to convict the accused? The prosecutor must clearly prove the accused is guilty beyond any reasonable doubt.9 What is …common law‟? Common law is an important part of the unwritten law of Scotland. It includes judicial precedents, custom, equity and institutional writings.。

hnd 员工申诉outcome1

1.According to best practice, what should be the contents of a formal grievanceprocedure?Employees in content appeal management can be roughly divided into: appeal with appeal requirements, content and range appeal ways and means, appeal, appeal and complaint handling with responsibility.1.The content and scope and appeal petition demands and mainexplanation is: employees in the following circumstances appealo are only legal. Superior have corruption, bribery, theft, such asthe international peacekeeper behavior abusing power; Superiorhave sold, leak the harm such as enterprise behavior; Superiorabuse of power, with the major of appeal of injustice; Superiorpecans command will cause serious potential accident; Enterpriseadministrative sanctions; encroach worker legal rights Staffassignments conditions will harm worker healthy; Other seriousunreasonable behavior. The appeal of the above situationemployees as power is also obligations.2.Appeal ways and means refers to: the plaintiff may take interview,letters (signed) ways appeal. The plaintiff according to acceptcomplaints of the object can deal with problems and justicecredible complaints degree chooses to accept complaints object.The plaintiff may appeal to the relevant multi-level administrativedepartment or appeal. The enterprise internal can't handle relevantgovernment law enforcement to appeal or an arbitrationcommission.plaint handling refers to: accept the plaintiff in investigationand evidence collection process should be based on swift,confidentiality, objective principle, relevant departments mustactively cooperate. All who are investigating personnel musttruthfully, and the investigation items claiming compensation isconfidential. Every level superior and in charge of relevantdepartments shall accept complaints in the stipulated time, make adecision within the plaintiff is must perform such as obedienceaward. The human resources department, be entitled to acceptcomplaints for employees to defend, have the right to represent itsadministrative leadership or staff relevant administrativedepartments shall know details about the date of the provisionswithin the plaintiff obey mediation conciliation, make is must becarried out. If the mediation disaffected, can continue to relevantlaw enforcement or the arbitration committee appeal.2.Read the case study about ‘Universal Journals’and using the backgroundoutlined, together with your knowledge and understanding of handling grievance in the workplace, answer the following questions:a.Nick at the company that he did not get what he wants job, he thought he did a good job in the company should not be subject to such unfair treatment. And in this matter, to be informed in late, have not been in the company due attention and respect. Martha Brown, and he thinks there is no justice for him, and bias against him, and told him to not clear how to do it, Nick did not do a very good communication and exchange.b.Martha Brown－NickMartha should tell Nick what to do, but Martha and it should be pointed out that no time, Nick mistake criticism, Nick. When Nick mistakes should be timely points out, Nick mistake. Let Nick to realize his own mistake.Nick－Martha BrownNick has not said own idea to Martha Brown, has not adopted the very good communication. Is only accuses Martha Brown the management fault.Jennifer Miller－Martha Brown，NickMartha Brown did not timely report to Jennifer Miller on the Martha Brown himself and the problems between employees, there is no communication, and Jennifer Mille how solutions should be the question about Nick. Jennifer Miller did not specifically ask Martha Brown and the staff have any questions directly, and employees have no one to one exchange. Jennifer Miller did not ask Nick and his superiors in a timely manner any problems, there is no good some of the issues concerned with subordinatesc.Company does not have a clear evaluation system, and the company does not have a description of staff responsibilities. The staff and management of the system are not strict. Human Resource staff in the recruitment system is not clear and not rigorous.Lack of clarity in the company's rules and regulations, and management of the company do not have good management training. It led to poor communication between management and staff issues.d.Nick: should be timely and the company's management or their superiors to take communication and exchange, to avoid unnecessary conflicts. Then they have a strict requirement to do things seriously, pro-active to complete their work.Martha Brown: Nick should be told how to do it in time, and know to tell him what to do. Nick pointed out the error and on an appropriate criticism of Nick, so Nick aware of their mistakes. Although the company does not have a clear evaluation system, but Martha Brown should make a written record of evidence.Jennifer Miller: Jennifer Miller Martha Brown should do training in the management, and Martha Brown and Nick thing to do for a further discussion. After receipt of the application and Nick communication and exchange, promptly inform the development of Nick's things, and the best chance of an interview given to Nick. Or after the election of the new assistant, and Nick for a communication.e.ⅰ:If the company aspect hoped that has a very good solution way with Nick, the company aspect should have a good communication with Nick, and gives a Nick positive apology statement. For a Nick new position trades a work the environment. And rises in salary. Or gives a leave of absence the opportunity and the training opportunityⅱ:The company must consummate company's rules and regulations and the appraisal system. Training management work staff. Then must give a detailed positiondescription in each work position. Finally must certainly consummate oneself company's employment advertise procedure.ing examples from the case study, explain how a formal grievanceprocedure can contribute to the resolution of conflict and to the improvement of organizational performance.Formal appeals process in the company is very important. If the company in recognized in the system and management, what are the inappropriate words and make timely corresponding solutions. Will reduce the staff of the company, the company produces dissatisfaction and better complete responsibility he ought to do work. This company will reduce unnecessary trouble. Reduce processing trouble time, improve the efficiency of the management of the company and work efficiency. The effective management of employees will give the company reduce unnecessary losses, won't waste time on management staff. But in the time better use of how to improve the company's economic profits. Solved the employee in aspects of management, the company can decrease greatly some trivial management program. Regulators also will in the shortest possible time solving the staff's problems, allowing employees to the company's discontent and eliminating doubts. For his work on the company into better energy. Help company to get a maximum profit. So a company in staff management has a good management system of the company is own business interests do a good protection. Because they have a very good employee management system so they won't lead to employees of the company, will let staff thoroughly discontent in working to have a very good job security.。

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Part 1: Identify and evaluate the role of business information in decision-making.Question 1:Strategic ManagementStrategic management is responsible for making decisions that affect whole company. These decisions are generally very complex and unstructured .They make long-term decisions.Internal: The market trends. If the company can observe the index，it will understand the needs of the company ，so as to decide it will produce the products t o g ain more profi t.External: the staffing needs. If t he ∞mpany can improve employee benefits，increase their rewards ，it w ill make employees have more power.Tactical ManagementTactical managers are the middle managemen t. T hey make medium-term de c isi o ns a忏'e c ting budget s，m onit o ring oper a tions，d e v e lo p ing poli ci e s，obta in ing res o urc e s. Tactical manag e rs d ev elop tactics to ac hie ve the overall strategic aims and objectives set by t he strategic manager.Internal: The budgets. If the company has a budget process，it will be able to control the budget and control the company's cash position. And the enterprise capital w ill b ecome m ore f lexible .External: If the enterprise has the fixed suppliers，it will guarantee the quality of enterprise products and save operating time，thus enhances the enterprise the competitive ability and increase more profits.Operational ManagementThe operational manager is the first line manager or supervisor. They areresponsible for the day-to-day opera甘ons of the business.Internal: If the enterprise sta仔a ttendance record eve叩d ay，it can work out a plan for a more perfect plan according to the info rmat ion，so that employees work more e仔icient ly.External: Th e customer needs. If the enterp川se understand cus tomer needs，its products to attract customers and increase income.Senior ManagementStrategicTacticalMiddleManagementOperationalQuestion 2:"Enterpri se resource planning is a cross-functional enterprise sys tem driven by ani nt egrated suite of so仕ware modules that supports the basic interna l business proωsses o f a ∞mpany." ERP gives a compa ny an integra tedreal-time view of i怡core business processes such as production，order processing，and inventory management，tied together by ERP applications softwa r e and a common database maintained by a database management system. ERP systems track business resources (such as cash，raw materials，and production capacity) and the status of commitments made by the business(such as customer orders，purchase orders，and employee payroll)，no matter which department (manufacturing ，purchasing ，sales，accounting ，and so on)has entered the data into the system. ERP facilitates information f10w between all business functions inside the organization，and manages connections to outside stakeholders. (Wikipedia ，2013)This information system would support decision-making at strategic levels.•ERP provides support to upper level management to provide them with critical decision making decision support allows the upper level management to make managerial choices that enhance the businessdown the road.•ERP also creates a more agile ∞mpany that better adapts to change. E RP makes a company more f1exible and less 时gidly structured so organizationcomponents operate more cohesively，enhancing the business-斗nternallyand e xterna11y.•ERP can greatly improve the quality and efficiency of a business. B y keeping a company's internal business process running smoothly ，ERP can lead tobett e r output s that b e nefit th e c ompany su c h as c us tom e r s e rvi ce，andmanufactur i ng."Customer relationship management is a model for managing a company's interactions with current and future customers." It involves using technology to organize ，automate ，and synchronize sales，marketing ，customer service ，and technical suppo凡(Wikipedia ，2013)This information system would support decision-making at operational levels.•Access control is crucial for the SCM too l. O n the one hand，since this is team development ，may need to limit certain members of the authority;The sub-project of the especially big projects tend to be involved inoutsourcing ，at the end of the alignment stage will involve a lot of different units，need more rights managemen t. A ccess control ，on the other hand，also reduced the possibility of wrong operation，indirect improve theavailability of t he SCM t ool.•SCM tools record programs and files modified tr司ectory，track change informat i on，make the software development work completed in Baseli n e (Baseline) gradual wa弘avoiding the un c o n trolled software developme n t situation ，make development status in order."Sup p ly chain management is the management of the flow of goods. It includes the mo v emen t and storage o f raw materials ，work-in-process inventory，and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption ."Interconnected or inte r linked networks，c hannels and node businesses arein v olved in t he provision of products and servi c es required by end customers in a supply chain .S upply chain management has been defined as the "design，plann i ng，execution，control ，and monito时ng of supply c hain a c ti v ities with the objective of creating net value，build i ng a competitive infrastructure ，leveraging worldwide logistics，s ynchron i zing suppl y with demand and measuring performance globally." (Wikipedia ，2013)Thi s in for m a t i on s y s tem woul d s up po rt d ecis io n-m aki ng a t o p e r ation a川eve l s... C RM i s n ot o nl y o ne i n t he fa c e o f cus t o me r ma rk et i n g a n d se rv ic e department，also is a bus i ness departments can share information and resources pla仔'o rm for the automation work，in order to maximize the mining and coordination of enterprise resources ，e xpand the survi v al space and potential.•CRM is customer information into positi v e customer relationsh i p and the working process of the cy cle. Through the CRM can more trulyc omprehensive colle c tion，analysis of c ustomer information ，to pro v idecustomers with multi-angle，all-round service.Question 3:"The Data Protection Act 1998 is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which defines UK law on the processing of data on identifiable living people. It is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the U K.Although the Act itself does not mention privacy，it w as enacted to bring UK lawinto line with the EU data protection directive of 1995 which required Member States to protect people's fundamental rights and freedoms and in particular their right to privacy with respect to the processing of personal data." (Wikipedia ，2013)1 think it necessa叩for enterprises to use the can better protect corporatedata and information，to reduce a lot of business risk."The Copyright，Designs and Patents Act 1988 (c. 48)，also known as the CDPA，is a n Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which received Royal Assent on 15 November 1988. It reformulates almost completely the statutory basis of copyright law (i ncluding pe斤。

HND商务信息与通讯技术OUTCOME1