美国文学选读诗歌赏析(可打印修改)
美国文学14讲-诗歌赏析
3 The Wild Honey Suckle(P29)The Wild Honey SucklePhilip FreneauFair flower, that dost so comely grow, Hid in this silent, dull retreat, Untouched thy honied blossoms blow, Unseen thy little branches greet:No roving foot shall crush thee here,No busy hand provoke a tear.By Nature's self in whitearrayed,She bade thee shun the vulgar eye,And planted here the guardian shade, And sent soft waters murmuring by; Thus quietly thy summer goes,Thy days declining to repose,Smit with those charms, that must decay, I grieve to see your future doom;They died - nor were those flowers more gay,The flowers that did in Eden bloom;Unpitying frosts, and Autumn's powerShall leave no vestige of this flower.From morning suns and evening dewsAt first thy little being came:If nothing once, you nothing lose,For when you die you are the same;The space between, is but an hour,The frail duration of a flower.1st stanza:The honey suckle lives an obscure, unknown, forgotten, serene, and safe life.2nd stanza:The pure, innocent honey suckle is not contaminated by the vulgar eye of people and protected, embraced, and nurtured by Nature.3rd stanza: grief upon the flower’s death4th stanza: nothing gained, nothing lost4. Success is counted sweetestSuccess is counted sweetestBy those who ne’er succeed.To comprehend a nectarRequires sorest need.Not one of all the purple HostWho took the Flag to-dayCan tell the definition,So clear, of victory,As he, defeated, dying,On whose forbidden earThe distant strains of triumphBurst agonized and clear!Interpretation:1. Only those who desire success most can tell howsweet it is; and people who easily obtain success can hardly realize what it really means.2. Even though the old-time fighters could not taste thesweetness of victory in all their life, they are thosewho know what success really is. Compared with the present easy success winners, they deserve more respect.3. In consideration of the poetess’s life experience andher temperament, here in this poem she may imply her determination to pursue or quest her ideal even though her value was not recognized at her time. That is to say, she firmly believes that even she was regarded as a loser at her time (few poems were published in her life), she herself clearly knows where she stands.4. In a broader sense, the little poem can serve as apiece of encouragement for those who are struggling for and pursuing their dreams and ideals---- if what you are fighting for is meaningful, don’t give up, no matter what the result is. The easy success is not so sweet.5. The Soul Selects Her Own SocietyThe Soul selects her own Society---Then---shuts the door---To her divine Majority---Present no more---Unmoved ---she motes the Chariots---pausing---At her low Gate---Unmoved---an Emperor be kneelingUpon her Mat---I’ve known her---from an ample nation---Choose One---Then---close the Valves or her attention---Like Stone---1) the soul made its choice and wanted no more. Thisshowed her resolution and determination.2) Unmoved by any other temptation3) Since I have made my choice, I will stick to it and willnever be tempted by other things.Soul, one: art , poetry, love, ideal。
美国文学史诗歌重点赏析
• （牧羊人对此仍喜爱
shepherd still admires) 如初），
The children of the forest played.
• 林中的孩子们游戏玩 耍。
• There oft a restless Indian queen, (Pale Sheba, with her braided hair) And many a barbarous form is seen To chide the man that lingers there.
美国文学史诗歌重点赏析
Ideas on poetry writing
Emily Dickinson seemed to consider poetry writing as a private thing. When she was in her early twenties, she began to write poetry. Sometimes she would send her poems with letters to her friends. But she never approved of publishing her poems, for she thought, “Publication is the auction of the mind of man.” So she kept her poems to herself throughout the life. She did not regard herself as a poet. But in her opinion, a poet’s responsibility is to use concrete images to present abstract ideas. Her poems are terse and suggestive.
美国文学史期末考试 诗歌赏析【范本模板】
Philip FrenｅauThe Wiｌd Ｈoneysucｋle野忍冬花美好的花呀,你长得,这么秀丽，却藏身在这僻静沉闷的地方-－-甜美的花儿开了却没人亲昵,招展的小小枝梢也没人观赏；没游来荡去的脚把你踩碎，没东攀西摘的手来催你落泪。
大自然把你打扮得一身洁白,ﻩ她叫你避开庸俗粗鄙的目光，她布置下树荫把你护卫起来，又让潺潺的柔波淌过你身旁;你的夏天就这样静静地消逝,这时候你日见萎蔫终将安息。
那些难免消逝的美使我销魂，想起你未来的结局我就心疼，别的那些花儿也不比你幸运——-虽开放在伊甸园中也已凋零,无情的寒霜再加秋风的威力，会叫这花朵消失得一无踪迹。
朝阳和晚露当初曾把你养育,让你这小小的生命来到世上，原来若乌有,就没什么可失去，因为你的死让你同先前一样；这来去之间不过是一个钟点---这就是脆弱的花享有的天年。
（黄皋炘译)ＣoｍmｅntaｒｙThｅsｈoｒt lyric was wｒitｔeｎin1786。
Freneau ｗas inｓpiｒｅｄｂｙｔｈe bｅａuty oｆthe wild ｈoney suｃkle when he was wａｌｋiｎg at Chaｅlｅston,Ｓouth Ｃarolinａ. Iｔwasｖｉrtuａlly unread in thｅｐｏｅt’s lｉfeｔime，yeｔit desｅrves a place aｍｏng majoｒEnglｉｓh and Ａmｅrican woｒｋs of pｏｅｔｒy of tｈat time. Ｔhis ｉs ｏｎeｏfｔhｅmoｓt quｏted ｗorks ofＦｒeneaｕ。
Ｇeｎｅｒalｌy speakｉｎg, ｉｔis ｔｈe beｓｔｏf Ｆrenｅaｕ＇s pｏeｍs, and tｈeｂeｓt poｅｍｏn nature befｏre the appｅaranｃe oｆｔhｅveｒses ｏf Ｗilｌiam ＣulｌeｎBryant, Ｗilｌｉa ｍWordsｗorｔh, and ＲａlphＷaldo Ｅmerｓoｎ’s Ｔｈe Rｈｏdora。
美国文学期末考试作品赏析
美国文学期末考试作品赏析The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.1.what is the location of this story?2.the atmosphere and the history of this area?3.who is the protagonist of this story?4.what is the main conflict?"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a short story by Washington Irving contained in his collection The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., written while he was living in Birmingham, England, and first published in 1820. With Irving's companion piece "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is among the earliest examples of American fiction still read today.The story is set circa 1790 in the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town, New York, in a secluded glen called Sleepy Hollow. It tells the story of Ichabod Crane, a lean, lanky, and extremely superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut, who competes with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer. As Crane leaves a party he attended at the Van Tassel home on an autumn night, he is pursued by the Headless Horseman, who is supposedly the ghost of a Hessian trooper who had his head shot off by a stray cannonball during "some nameless battle" of the American Revolutionary War, and who "rides forth to the scene of battle in nightly quest of his head". Ichabod mysteriously disappears from town, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones, who was "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related".The dénouement of the fictional tale is set at the bridge over the Pocantico River in the area of the Old Dutch Church andBurying Ground in Sleepy Hollow. The characters of Ichabod Crane and Katrina Van Tassel may have been based on local residents known to the author. The character of Katrina is thought to have been based upon Eleanor Van Tassel Brush, in which case her name is derived from that of Eleanor's aunt Catriena Ecker Van Tessel.Although Irving knew an army colonel named Ichabod Crane from Staten Island, New York (who was also once the Commanding Officer of Lieutenant Stonewall Jackson), the character in "The Legend" may have been patterned after Jesse Merwin, who taught at the local schoolhouse in Kinderhook, further north along the Hudson River, where Irving spent several months in 1809.the wild honey suckle 的分析《野金银花》是Freneau在南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿散步时，看到一簇幽生的金银花，于是便有感而发，将这首短诗一气呵成。
英美诗歌赏析（英文版）
墓园挽歌：托马斯·格雷（Thomas Gray，1716-1771）是感伤主义诗歌的代表诗人。
他最著名的诗歌是便是《墓园挽歌》，并因此同写过《夜吟死亡》（Nitht-Piece on Death,1721）的托马斯·帕达尔（Thomas Parnell, 1679-1718）,写过《坟墓》（The Grave, 1743）的罗伯特·布莱尔（Robert Blair，1699-1746）和写过《夜思》（Night Thoughts，1742）的爱德华·杨格（Edward Yong,1683-1765）等人一道被称为“墓园派诗人”。
《墓园挽歌》是“感伤主义”的代表作，常被批评家誉为十八世纪乃至英国历来最好的诗歌。
这首诗有着这样独特的地位，主要是因为它凝聚了每个时期中的某种社会情绪，用比较完美的形式表达了这种情绪，在一定程度上解决了如何革新旧传统的问题，具有较高的艺术成就。
这首诗写诗人流连在乡村的墓园里，望着一座座平民百姓的墓石，他思考了狠毒。
这些人默默无闻，劳作终身，死后埋葬简陋的墓地里，他们身前也有过报复，经历过悲欢离合。
回忆中，诗人对他们寄予深切的同情，对骄奢淫逸的权贵做了温和的批评，并指出：不论身前多么荣华富贵，死亡对于每个人来说都是平等的。
既然大家殊途同归，人们就应该以一种豁达的态度来面对人生。
这首诗共32节，每节有四行五步抑扬格组成，以abab押韵。
总体上来说，这首诗在形式上采用了古典主义的格式，但在内容上却显示了感伤主义和浪漫主义的新特征。
诗人在晚钟时分步入墓园：晚钟殷殷响，夕阳已西沉。
群牛呼叫归，迂回走草径。
农夫荷锄犁，倦倦回家门。
唯我立狂野，独自对黄昏。
（The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea,The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.）开头一段描写了天黑时分牧人赶着牛群徐徐入村，农人们经历了一天的劳累拖着疲惫的步伐回家的景象，把恬静的乡村生活如风景画般的呈现在了我们面前。
美国文学选读第三版诗歌译文编辑
惊闻遥远凯旋声
痛极而清晰。
我是无名之辈
艾米莉·狄金森
我是无名之辈，你是谁？
你，也是，无名之辈？
这就凑成一双，别声张！
你知道，他们会大肆张扬！
做个，显要人物，好不无聊！
像个青蛙，向仰慕的泥沼——
在整个六月，把个人的姓名
聒噪——何等招摇！
庞德《地铁车站》的18种译文
1．在地铁站
人潮中这些面容的忽现；
一片树林里分出两条路——
而我选择了人迹更少的一条，
从此决定了我一生的道路。
梦想
兰斯顿•休斯
紧紧地抓住梦想，
因为一旦梦想幻灭，
人生将是断翅的鸟儿，
再也不能飞翔。
紧紧地抓住梦想，
因为一旦梦想消失，
人生犹如一片荒原，
终年雪地冰天。
思想感情是热忱，激烈的。
特点是运用比拟的手法，把梦想对人生的重要凸显出来。
含义是告诫人们，不要失去梦想，拥有梦想才能拥有明天。
湿黝枝干上片片花瓣(张错)
坛子轶事
斯蒂文斯
我曾把一只坛子放在田纳西，
它是圆形的，在一座山上。
它让那未开垦的荒野
围绕着那座小山。
那荒野向它升起，
在它周围蔓延，不再野蛮。
那坛子是圆的，立在地上，
高耸如同空气中的港口。
它拥有所有地方的主权。
那是个灰色、赤裸的坛罐。
它没有奉献出小鸟或树丛，
不象田纳西州任何别的东西。
好像月亮爬上天空。
诗应当确实等于：
不仅仅真实。
代替悲哀历史的
是空荡的门口，是一叶红枫。
代替爱情的
是芳草欠身，是日月临（D―
诗不应隐有所指，
应当直接就是。
你不是已把狄安娜拖下了马车？
(完整word版)英文诗歌鉴赏-AnnabelLee.docx
Annabel Lee——Edgar Allan Poe It was many and many a year ago,In a kingdom by the sea,That a maiden there lived whom you may knowBy the name of ANNABEL LEE;And this maiden she lived with no other thoughtThan to love and be loved by me.I was a child and she was a child,In this kingdom by the sea;But we loved with a love that was more than love-I and my Annabel Lee;With a love that the winged seraphs of heavenCoveted her and me.And this was the reason that, long ago,In this kingdom by the sea,A wind blew out of a cloud, chillingMy beautiful Annabel Lee;So that her highborn kinsman cameAnd bore her away from me,To shut her up in a sepulchreIn this kingdom by the sea.The angels, not half so happy in heaven,Went envying her and me-Yes!- that was the reason (as all men know,In this kingdom by the sea)That the wind came out of the cloud by night,Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.But our love it was stronger by far than the loveOf those who were older than we-Of many far wiser than we-And neither the angels in heaven above,Nor the demons down under the sea,Can ever dissever my soul from the soulOf the beautiful Annabel Lee.For the moon never beams without bringing me dreamsOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyesOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the sideOf my darling- my darling- my life and my bride,In the sepulchre there by the sea,In her tomb by the sounding sea.Edgar Allan Poe is one of the greatest literary figures in the history of American literature. He developshis own poetic theories and tries to apply the theories to his writing. Poe is against the didactic function of poetry, advocating that poetry should be a rhythmical creation of beauty. Poe's poems areperfect illustrations of his poetic theories. His poems are aimed at producing a melancholy feeling in thereader and make the reader feel the metrical beauty of poems.His poetic works are well appreciated allover the world. "Annabel Lee" is one of his last poems and also one of his best poems. The poem is alsowell organized, with a musical rhythm and fairy tale form.Annabel Lee, like many other poems of Edgar Allan Poe, describes the theme of the death of abeautiful woman which is called“ the most poetical topic in the world” by the poet himsel the narrator and Annabel Lee had an extremely strong love for each other since they were children. Unfortunately, their love is so strong that even angels envy them and Annabel Lee was killed by them. However, the narrator retains the deep love for her after her death. Just as the last stanza shows us, the narrator dreams about Annabel everyday and lies by the side of her tomb at night. It seems that their loveis beyond grave and death. There are many speculation of who is the inspiration of Annabel Lee. I would like to believe that Annabel Lee is referring to Poe’wifes Virginia who died at the age of 26. She was loved as a child by Edgar Allen Poe because she was only 13 when she married the 27-year-old Poe. And she was the only bride of him. Poe set the scene in a kingdom by the sea and uses some images like sepulcher and tomb, which add some Gothic touch to the poem. With the repetition of some words and phrases, the poem has a nostalgic tone and gives us a mournful feeling. The mysterious tone of the poem makes us feel that only in mysterious and ancient time does such kind of love exist. Besides the content,the poetic structure of this poem is also what I appreciate. It is composed of six stanzas with lines at different length, which gives me a feeling of the waves of the ocean. When I read it, the rhyme and the different length makes it has a musical effect and it is like telling a story to someone."Annabel Lee" was composed in the form of a fairy tale.First, the poet chose simple everyday words as that of tales to compose his poem, so that it could be easily reached by everyone, even by small children. Second, the starting line "It was many and many a year ago, / In a kingdom by the sea," suggests thatthe tale has existed for a long time and it has been told many times, which indicates the strong love between the narrator and Annabel Lee doesn't fade with time, and it will be told from generation to generation; by this way, their love will reach immortality."Annabel Lee" also shows some characteristicsof a ballad.For example: The language is simple; it is accessible to the common people and children. The theme is tragic and the tone is melancholy; the poem tells the death of a beloved young beauty,which isthe most frequently seen theme in Poe's poems. Poe uses insistent repetition of phrases like "Annabel Lee", "in this kingdom by the sea" for effect, which might be considered as refrains in a ballad.Let ’ s appreciateitcarefully.In Stanza 1, "maiden" implies the narrator hasn't consummated with Annalbel Lee before she had beendead, and it symbolizes the innocence and pure. As above "many and many" and "love and be loved", Poe utilizes the repetition to enhance the rhythm of the poem.However, we can also find the repetition in Stanza 2, as the sounds of "w" and "l": But we loved witha love that was more than love. "I was a child and she was a child, here we find the repetition of the word, child suggesting the amazement and fascination in youth.Poe uses "sepulchre" in Stanza 3 and we can see "tomb" in Stanza 6; the former is where Annabel Lee is buried in and the latter is where Annabel Lee's soul rest in, furthermore "tomb" deepens the ominus connotion with finality, just like a more deathly toll of a funeral bell. There're rhyme and alliteration as follows:A wind blew out of a cloud, chillingMy beautiful Annabel Lee;So that her high-born kinsmen cameAnd bore her away from me,To shut her up in a sepulchreIn this kingdom by the sea.Let's get an overlook on Stanza 4 and Stanza 5, then we can find that Poe heavily uses alliteration just in want of creating fascinating sound patterns, as the following sentense in these two Stanzas:A wind blew out of a cloud, chillingThat the wind came out of the cloud one night,But our love it was stronger by far than the loveOf those who were older than we -Of many far wiser than we -"In the kingdom of the sea" and "Annabel Lee" are repeated by the narrator in term of a repetition of Poe, which is murmured by the narrtor after losing his lover, Annabel Lee. And now Annabel Lee in the kingdom of the sea seems to be a nightmare.Throughout the poem, Poe utilizes the imagery of drak and light, and indicates that in this kingdom by the sea is a very bright, pleasing and peaceful place with sunshine on the narrator and his beautiful Annabel Lee, but, irronically, it's the very angles, Seraphs from another same place like the kingdom of the sea, lightful and cheering, that let the sky get dark (the wind came out of the cloud one night) and send the chilling and killing wind that takes Annabel Lee away from the narrator and this Kingdom of the sea and push her into the sepulchre, and even the tomb because of envy and jealousy. However, it also gives us an evidence that the narrator is very childish and hasn't grown up yet since he went throgh the lose. The repetiton of his word implies that he is trying to rationalize his feeling and be mature.And then the last four lines in Stanza 5, which're totally different from The Raven, Poe or the narrator, believes that two can be one or reunited by love even beyond the death and none can dissever the soul from the other soul of the two lovers. It's the last poem of Edgar Allen Poe so that we can see mature and tranquility in this poem. In Stanza 6, Poe uses the light of the moon and the brightness of the star to account so strong love of the narrator and Annabel Lee that he lies down by her side in her sepulchre and her tomb by the sea where love is everything, even the narrator's life.What a bitter sweetness love is!Mood and Tone of the Poem"Annabel Lee" is a poem Poe wrote to grieve over his early-died wife. At the beginning,the tone of the poem is quietly mournful. It feels like that the narrator is lost in thought, recalling the precious love between him and Annabel Lee. By and by, with the narrator thinking of the death of Annabel Lee, thetone becomes more mournful.When it reaches the fourth stanza where the reason of Annabel Lee's death is revealed, the tone is indignant. The narrator becomes angry at the winged seraphs, since they take away his lover. Then the tone becomes more and more emphatic and risesto its emotional climax in the last stanza. Everything in the world makes the narrator think of Annabel Lee. Hence the narrator expresses his strong will of loving Annabel Lee forever. In a word, the poem is an elegy written to his dead wife; it wears a mournful and melancholy tone.Rhythm of the PoemPoe believes that beauty is the sole purpose of the poem. He insists on an even metrical flow in versification. Therefore, all his poems are rhythmical and musical. "Annabel Lee" was mainly written in anapestic trimeter, tetrameter, and sometimes dimeter.The poem consists of six stanzas. the first, second, and fourth stanza each contains six lines, the third and sixth stanza eight lines, and the fifth stanza seven lines. What's more, the lines are also of different lengths. One long line is frequently followed by a short one. Different lengths of lines and stanzas create a rise and fall rhythm, just like the ebbing and flowing of the sea which create a melancholy and sad feeling in the reader.The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is ababcb; the second stanza is abcbdb; the third stanza is abcbdbeb, and rhyme schemes of the last three stanzas are abcbdb, abbabcb, abcbddbb. From here you can see that the rhyme scheme is not so regular among each stanza, but the [i:] sound is the basic rhyme through the whole poem. This kind of rhyme scheme reflects the unchanging love of the two lovers. [i:] is a long front close vowel, the sound of which is similar to the weeping of people. Therefore the frequent use of this rhyme adds the great sorrow of the narrator at losing his loved one. Another frequently used rhyme is [ai] such as in "night", "tide", "side", "eye" and "bride". This use of this diphthong can create a high pitch, which expressed the angerof the narrator towards the seraphs.Poe also used other rhyming types: Alliteration of [m] and奁[] inthe line "That a maiden there lived whom you may know". Assonance of [ei] in the same line with "maiden" and "may"; [i 耷] in "chilling and killing my Annabel Lee". "Chilling" and "killing" is also an example of end rhyme and feminine rhyme. Internal rhymes like "beams" and "dreams" in the line "Forthe moon never beams without bringing me dreams". All in all, [m], [n], [ 耷], [ 奁] and [i:] are the recurrent sounds in the poem. These sounds usually create a low mood and make people want to cry. The repetition of "Annabel Lee" and "in this kingdom by the sea" feels like the insistent tolling of a bellat a funeral, leaving the reader in great sadness.Imagery of the poemImage is the soul of poetry as language is the body of poetry. In this poem, Poe uses a lot of images to create a melancholy feeling in the reader. The images of "the kingdom by the sea", "the seraphs" and "the demons" create a mythical remote atmosphere. This implies that there love is so great and beautiful that it could only exist in a remote kingdom by the sea. "Children" implies that their love is pure and innocent, without being aware of the earthly troubles. "The moon" and "the stars" are the images of the universe, which show that all the things in the world make the narrator think of Annabel Lee. "The night tide" and " the sepulcher" create a gothic mood of the poem. "The sounding sea" is used to emphasize the quietness of the kingdom by contrast, and at the same time implies the changing of time in order to show the unchanging love by contrast. Reading the poem, the reader can see the moon, the stars and thekingdom by the sea, can feel the chilling wind from heaven, and can hear the noise of the sounding sea. The poem employs people's senses and imagination to create a picture of a fairy tale scene.ConclusionPoe says in his "The Poetic Principle" that the poem should be short, readable at one sitting. Its chief aim is beauty. "Annabel Lee" is just a good illustration of his poetic theories. The poem consists of41lines, just readable at one sitting. He also concludes that the death of a beautiful woman is the most poetical topic in the world. The poem tells the death of Annabel Lee---the loss of a beautiful woman the narrator loves so much,hence producing a melancholy feeling in the reader. Poe stressesrhythm, and defines true poetry as "the rhythmical creation of beauty". His style is traditional, employing regular rhyme schemes and all kinds of poetic devices to compose the poem in order to achieve a musical effect. Unlike his other works, "Annabel Lee" is easy to read, using simple words and simple form creating a simple fairy tale.。
美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析[修改版]
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第一篇：美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析I shot an arrow……我射出一支箭……---Henry Wadsworth LongfellowI shot an arrow into the air,我把一支箭射向空中It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它落在何方For so swiftly it flew the sight飞得那么快Could not follow it in its fight.眼睛难以追寻它的方向I breathed a song into the air,我对着天空轻轻唱歌It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它消逝在何方For who has the sight so keen and strong谁的眼光能如此敏锐犀利That can follow the flight of a song.能跟上歌声的翅膀Long, long afterwards in an oak,很久很久以后，在一棵橡树上I found the arrow still unbroke;我找到了那支箭，仍未折断And the song, from beginning to end,也发现了那支歌，自始自终I found again in the heart of a friend.在朋友的心中欢唱This poem is written in a traditional iambic form with the feet “aabb aacc ddee”. In the poem, Longfellow sings the friendship implicitly and skillfully. The arrow and the song in this poem stand for the friendship. When he shot an arrow and breathed a song into the air, he did not expect to find them any more. But many years later, he came across with the arrow and found that his song was always in the heart of his friend. This suggests that the friendship is everlasting.I’m Nobody!我是无名之辈Emily DickinsonI’m nobody! Who are you?我是无名之辈！你是谁？Are you nobody, too?你也是无名之辈吗？Then there’s a pair of us----don’t tell!那么我们就是一对儿了！千万不要透露出去They’d banish us, you know!不然我们都会被他们驱逐，你知道。
英美文诗歌欣赏
英美文诗歌欣赏英美文诗歌欣赏一、诗歌欣赏：The Swing 秋千How do you like to go up in a swing，你喜欢荡一趟秋千，Up in the air so blue? 置身于蓝蓝的晴空吗?Oh， I do think it the pleasantest thing 啊，我认为这是小孩所能做到的Ever a child can do.最愉快的玩耍。
Up in the air and over the wall，越过墙外高踞天空，Till I can see so wide，直到我能望见如此广大的世界，River and trees and cattle and all 河流、树木、牛群，Over the countryside 还有整个的乡村。
Till I look down on the garden green 直到我俯瞰着翠绿的花园Down on the roof so brown 以及棕色的屋顶Up in the air I go flying again 我又飞上天去，Up in the air and down!在天地间上下穿梭!by R. L. Stevenson二、诗歌欣赏：Where Go The Boats？Dark brown is the river，黑褐色的.河流，Golden is the sand.金黄色的沙丘It floats along forever，沿着树的两边With trees on either hand.它永远在漂流。
Green leaves a-floating，绿叶在水上漂流，Castles of the foam，泡沫造成的城堡，Boats of mine a-floating---我的船在水上漂浮，Where will all come home? 那里才是归途?On goes the river 河水继续地流着And out past the mill，经过了磨坊，Away down the valley，流下山谷，Away down the hill.再流下山岗。
英美诗歌选(背诵及欣赏)
All the world's a stage, （William Shakespeare ）And all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages.At first the infant, Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms. And then the whining school-boy, with his satchel And shining morning face, creeping like snail Unwillingly to school. And then the lover, Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad Made to his mistress' eyebrow. Then a soldier, Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard, Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel, Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannon's mouth. And then the justice, In fair round belly with good capon lined, With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, Full of wise saws and modern instances; And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon,With spectacles on nose and pouch on side, His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice, Turning again toward childish treble, pipes And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all, That ends this strange eventful history, Is second childishness and mere oblivion, Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.世界是一个舞台，一切的男女都不过是演员：他们有他们的登场和退场，而且一个人在他的时代里扮演许多的角色，他的角色的扮演分七个时期。
(完整word版)英文诗歌鉴赏-AnnabelLee
Annabel Lee——Edgar Allan Poe It was many and many a year ago,In a kingdom by the sea,That a maiden there lived whom you may knowBy the name of ANNABEL LEE;And this maiden she lived with no other thoughtThan to love and be loved by me.I was a child and she was a child,In this kingdom by the sea;But we loved with a love that was more than love-I and my Annabel Lee;With a love that the winged seraphs of heavenCoveted her and me.And this was the reason that, long ago,In this kingdom by the sea,A wind blew out of a cloud, chillingMy beautiful Annabel Lee;So that her highborn kinsman cameAnd bore her away from me,To shut her up in a sepulchreIn this kingdom by the sea.The angels, not half so happy in heaven,Went envying her and me-Yes!- that was the reason (as all men know,In this kingdom by the sea)That the wind came out of the cloud by night,Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.But our love it was stronger by far than the loveOf those who were older than we-Of many far wiser than we-And neither the angels in heaven above,Nor the demons down under the sea,Can ever dissever my soul from the soulOf the beautiful Annabel Lee.For the moon never beams without bringing me dreamsOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyesOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the sideOf my darling- my darling- my life and my bride,In the sepulchre there by the sea,In her tomb by the sounding sea.Edgar Allan Poe is one of the greatest literary figures in the history of American literature. He develops his own poetic theories and tries to apply the theories to his writing. Poe is against the didactic function of poetry, advocating that poetry should be a rhythmical creation of beauty. Poe's poems are perfect illustrations of his poetic theories. His poems are aimed at producing a melancholy feeling in the reader and make the reader feel the metrical beauty of poems.His poetic works are well appreciated all over the world. "Annabel Lee" is one of his last poems and also one of his best poems. The poem is also well organized, with a musical rhythm and fairy tale form.Annabel Lee, like many other poems of Edgar Allan Poe, describes the theme of the death of a beautiful woman which is called “the most poetical topic in the world” by the poet himself. In the poem, the narrator and Annabel Lee had an extremely strong love for each other since they were children. Unfortunately, their love is so strong that even angels envy them and Annabel Lee was killed by them. However, the narrator retains the deep love for her after her death. Just as the last stanza shows us, the narrator dreams about Annabel everyday and lies by the side of her tomb at night. It seems that their love is beyond grave and death. There are many speculation of who is the inspiration of Annabel Lee. I would like to believe that Annabel L ee is referring to Poe’s wife Virginia who died at the age of 26. She was loved as a child by Edgar Allen Poe because she was only 13 when she married the 27-year-old Poe. And she was the only bride of him. Poe set the scene in a kingdom by the sea and uses some images like sepulcher and tomb, which add some Gothic touch to the poem. With the repetition of some words and phrases, the poem has a nostalgic tone and gives us a mournful feeling. The mysterious tone of the poem makes us feel that only in mysterious and ancient time does such kind of love exist. Besides the content, the poetic structure of this poem is also what I appreciate. It is composed of six stanzas with lines at different length, which gives me a feeling of the waves of the ocean. When I read it, the rhyme and the different length makes it has a musical effect and it is like telling a story to someone. "Annabel Lee" was composed in the form of a fairy tale.First, the poet chose simple everyday words as that of tales to compose his poem, so that it could be easily reached by everyone, even by small children. Second, the starting line "It was many and many a year ago, / In a kingdom by the sea," suggests that the tale has existed for a long time and it has been told many times, which indicates the strong love between the narrator and Annabel Lee doesn't fade with time, and it will be told from generation to generation; by this way, their love will reach immortality."Annabel Lee" also shows some characteristics of a ballad.For example: The language is simple; it is accessible to the common people and children. The theme is tragic and the tone is melancholy; the poem tells the death of a beloved young beauty,which is the most frequently seen theme in Poe's poems. Poe uses insistent repetition of phrases like "Annabel Lee", "in this kingdom by the sea" for effect, which might be considered as refrains in a ballad.Let’s appreciate it carefully.In Stanza 1, "maiden" implies the narrator hasn't consummated with Annalbel Lee before she had beendead, and it symbolizes the innocence and pure. As above "many and many" and "love and be loved", Poe utilizes the repetition to enhance the rhythm of the poem.However, we can also find the repetition in Stanza 2, as the sounds of "w" and "l": But we loved with a love that was more than love. "I was a child and she was a child, here we find the repetition of the word, child suggesting the amazement and fascination in youth.Poe uses "sepulchre" in Stanza 3 and we can see "tomb" in Stanza 6; the former is where Annabel Lee is buried in and the latter is where Annabel Lee's soul rest in, furthermore "tomb" deepens the ominus connotion with finality, just like a more deathly toll of a funeral bell. There're rhyme and alliteration as follows:A wind blew out of a cloud, chillingMy beautiful Annabel Lee;So that her high-born kinsmen cameAnd bore her away from me,To shut her up in a sepulchreIn this kingdom by the sea.Let's get an overlook on Stanza 4 and Stanza 5, then we can find that Poe heavily uses alliteration just in want of creating fascinating sound patterns, as the following sentense in these two Stanzas:A wind blew out of a cloud, chillingThat the wind came out of the cloud one night,But our love it was stronger by far than the loveOf those who were older than we -Of many far wiser than we -"In the kingdom of the sea" and "Annabel Lee" are repeated by the narrator in term of a repetition of Poe, which is murmured by the narrtor after losing his lover, Annabel Lee. And now Annabel Lee in the kingdom of the sea seems to be a nightmare.Throughout the poem, Poe utilizes the imagery of drak and light, and indicates that in this kingdom by the sea is a very bright, pleasing and peaceful place with sunshine on the narrator and his beautiful Annabel Lee, but, irronically, it's the very angles, Seraphs from another same place like the kingdom of the sea, lightful and cheering, that let the sky get dark (the wind came out of the cloud one night) and send the chilling and killing wind that takes Annabel Lee away from the narrator and this Kingdom of the sea and push her into the sepulchre, and even the tomb because of envy and jealousy. However, it also gives us an evidence that the narrator is very childish and hasn't grown up yet since he went throgh the lose. The repetiton of his word implies that he is trying to rationalize his feeling and be mature.And then the last four lines in Stanza 5, which're totally different from The Raven, Poe or the narrator, believes that two can be one or reunited by love even beyond the death and none can dissever the soul from the other soul of the two lovers. It's the last poem of Edgar Allen Poe so that we can see mature and tranquility in this poem. In Stanza 6, Poe uses the light of the moon and the brightness of the star to account so strong love of the narrator and Annabel Lee that he lies down by her side in her sepulchre and her tomb by the sea where love is everything, even the narrator's life.What a bitter sweetness love is!Mood and Tone of the Poem"Annabel Lee" is a poem Poe wrote to grieve over his early-died wife. At the beginning,the tone of the poem is quietly mournful. It feels like that the narrator is lost in thought, recalling the precious love between him and Annabel Lee. By and by, with the narrator thinking of the death of Annabel Lee, the tone becomes more mournful.When it reaches the fourth stanza where the reason of Annabel Lee's death is revealed, the tone is indignant. The narrator becomes angry at the winged seraphs, since they take away his lover. Then the tone becomes more and more emphatic and risesto its emotional climax in the last stanza. Everything in the world makes the narrator think of Annabel Lee. Hence the narrator expresses his strong will of loving Annabel Lee forever. In a word, the poem is an elegy written to his dead wife; it wears a mournful and melancholy tone.Rhythm of the PoemPoe believes that beauty is the sole purpose of the poem. He insists on an even metrical flow in versification. Therefore, all his poems are rhythmical and musical. "Annabel Lee" was mainly written in anapestic trimeter, tetrameter, and sometimes dimeter.The poem consists of six stanzas. the first, second, and fourth stanza each contains six lines, the third and sixth stanza eight lines, and the fifth stanza seven lines. What's more, the lines are also of different lengths. One long line is frequently followed by a short one. Different lengths of lines and stanzas create a rise and fall rhythm, just like the ebbing and flowing of the sea which create a melancholy and sad feeling in the reader.The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is ababcb; the second stanza is abcbdb; the third stanza is abcbdbeb, and rhyme schemes of the last three stanzas are abcbdb, abbabcb, abcbddbb. From here you can see that the rhyme scheme is not so regular among each stanza, but the [i:] sound is the basic rhyme through the whole poem. This kind of rhyme scheme reflects the unchanging love of the two lovers. [i:] is a long front close vowel, the sound of which is similar to the weeping of people. Therefore the frequent use of this rhyme adds the great sorrow of the narrator at losing his loved one. Another frequently used rhyme is [ai] such as in "night", "tide", "side", "eye" and "bride". This use of this diphthong can create a high pitch, which expressed the anger of the narrator towards the seraphs.Poe also used other rhyming types: Alliteration of [m] and [奁] in the line "That a maiden there lived whom you may know". Assonance of [ei] in the same line with "maiden" and "may"; [i耷] in "chilling and killing my Annabel Lee". "Chilling" and "killing" is also an example of end rhyme and feminine rhyme. Internal rhymes like "beams" and "dreams" in the line "For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams". All in all, [m], [n], [耷], [奁] and [i:] are the recurrent sounds in the poem. These sounds usually create a low mood and make people want to cry. The repetition of "Annabel Lee" and "in this kingdom by the sea" feels like the insistent tolling of a bell at a funeral, leaving the reader in great sadness.Imagery of the poemImage is the soul of poetry as language is the body of poetry. In this poem, Poe uses a lot of images to create a melancholy feeling in the reader. The images of "the kingdom by the sea", "the seraphs" and "the demons" create a mythical remote atmosphere. This implies that there love is so great and beautiful that it could only exist in a remote kingdom by the sea. "Children" implies that their love is pure and innocent, without being aware of the earthly troubles. "The moon" and "the stars" are the images of the universe, which show that all the things in the world make the narrator think of Annabel Lee. "The night tide" and " the sepulcher" create a gothic mood of the poem. "The sounding sea" is used to emphasize the quietness of the kingdom by contrast, and at the same time implies the changing of time in order to show the unchanging love by contrast. Reading the poem, the reader can see the moon, the stars and thekingdom by the sea, can feel the chilling wind from heaven, and can hear the noise of the sounding sea. The poem employs people's senses and imagination to create a picture of a fairy tale scene. ConclusionPoe says in his "The Poetic Principle" that the poem should be short, readable at one sitting. Its chief aim is beauty. "Annabel Lee" is just a good illustration of his poetic theories. The poem consists of 41lines, just readable at one sitting. He also concludes that the death of a beautiful woman is the most poetical topic in the world. The poem tells the death of Annabel Lee---the loss of a beautiful woman the narrator loves so much,hence producing a melancholy feeling in the reader. Poe stresses rhythm, and defines true poetry as "the rhythmical creation of beauty". His style is traditional, employing regular rhyme schemes and all kinds of poetic devices to compose the poem in order to achieve a musical effect. Unlike his other works, "Annabel Lee" is easy to read, using simple words and simple form creating a simple fairy tale.。
英美诗歌赏析(英文版)
1墓园挽歌：托马斯·格雷（Thomas Gray，1716-1771）是感伤主义诗歌的代表诗人。
他最著名的诗歌是便是《墓园挽歌》，并因此同写过《夜吟死亡》（Nitht-Piece on Death,1721）的托马斯·帕达尔（Thomas Parnell, 1679-1718）,写过《坟墓》（The Grave, 1743）的罗伯特·布莱尔（Robert Blair，1699-1746）和写过《夜思》（Night Thoughts，1742）的爱德华·杨格（Edward Yong,1683-1765）等人一道被称为“墓园派诗人”。
《墓园挽歌》是“感伤主义”的代表作，常被批评家誉为十八世纪乃至英国历来最好的诗歌。
这首诗有着这样独特的地位，主要是因为它凝聚了每个时期中的某种社会情绪，用比较完美的形式表达了这种情绪，在一定程度上解决了如何革新旧传统的问题，具有较高的艺术成就。
这首诗写诗人流连在乡村的墓园里，望着一座座平民百姓的墓石，他思考了狠毒。
这些人默默无闻，劳作终身，死后埋葬简陋的墓地里，他们身前也有过报复，经历过悲欢离合。
回忆中，诗人对他们寄予深切的同情，对骄奢淫逸的权贵做了温和的批评，并指出：不论身前多么荣华富贵，死亡对于每个人来说都是平等的。
既然大家殊途同归，人们就应该以一种豁达的态度来面对人生。
这首诗共32 节，每节有四行五步抑扬格组成，以abab 押韵。
总体上来说，这首诗在形式上采用了古典主义的格式，但在内容上却显示了感伤主义和浪漫主义的新特征。
诗人在晚钟时分步入墓园：晚钟殷殷响，夕阳已西沉。
群牛呼叫归，迂回走草径。
农夫荷锄犁，倦倦回家门。
唯我立狂野，独自对黄昏。
（The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea,The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.）开头一段描写了天黑时分牧人赶着牛群徐徐入村，农人们经历了一天的劳累拖着疲惫的步伐回家的景象，把恬静的乡村生活如风景画般的呈现在了我们面前。
美国文学-文学诗歌期末考试赏析
美国⽂学-⽂学诗歌期末考试赏析Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)I’m Nobody!Are you Nobody too?Then there’s a pair of us!Don’t tell, they’d banish us, you know!How dreary to be Somebody!How public—like a Frog—To tell your name the livelong JuneTo an admiring Bog!The author uses the first narration to have a secret talk with the readers. The theme of the talk is the fame burden. The author is happy that she is nobody and asked the reader not to unclose her identity. She is satisfied with her current life.The theme of the poem is that to live a peaceful life with no fame is a wise idea. The complicated society is not fit for the author.Simile :―How public—like a frog…‖The author compares the public person or somebody to frogs, they have no freedom, hypocritical and have to share with others their own thingsQuestions1.Who are the ―pair of us‖ and ―they‖ in this poem?2.What does ―an admiring bog‖ really mean?3.What is the theme of this poem?4.Do you want to be ―nobody‖ or ―somebody‖? Explain your reasons.Ezra Pound (1885—1972)In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough⼈群中这些⾯庞的闪现；⼈群中，这些⾯孔的⿁影；湿漉的⿊树⼲上的花瓣。
英美文学选读名篇中英对照 赏析 简介
Because I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me;The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality.We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put awayMy labor, and my leisure too,For his civility.We passed the school, where children stroveAt recess, in the ring;We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun.Or rather, he passed us;The dews grew quivering and chill,For only gossamer my gown,My tippet only tulle.We paused before a house that seemed A swelling of the ground;The roof was scarcely visible,The cornice but a mound.Since then 'tis centuries, and yet each Feels shorter than the dayI first surmised the horses' heads Were toward eternity. 我无暇去会死亡爱米莉·伊丽莎白·狄更生我无暇去会死亡，死神便和善地接我前往，我只好放下劳作与闲暇，无法拒绝他的殷勤礼让。
我们一起坐上马车，还有永生陪伴身旁，我们驱车缓缓前行，他悠然自得不慌不忙。
我们经过校园，娱乐的孩子挤满操场，我们经过田野，麦穗张望，我们经过西沉的太阳。
美国文学篇章赏析
The Cask of AmontilladoIronically, the story takes place during the carnival season of madness and merrymaking. Montresor plays on Fortunato's pride in his wine connoisseurship, asking him to verify whether or not Montresor's recent bargain-price wine purchase is expensive amontillado or ordinary sherry. Fortunato agrees over Montresor's protests that it would be an imposition and a health danger, since the vaults where the wine is stored are cold, damp and "encrusted with nitre." Montresor's expressed concern for the other man's well-being is at odds with his true intentions.the names of the wines noted throughout the story and their possible symbolism. for example, "medoc" for fortunato so he can fend off the cold and "de grave" while he is walking to his own grave.There are four possible reasons why Fortunato volunteered to check if it were really Amontillado.1) He was drunk. 2) The festival was going on and he was in high spirits. 3) He wanted to prove that he was better than Luchesi. 4) He was, of course, tricked by Montresor. He put in much exaggeration and falsity into his 'speech' to egg Fortunado into entering the crypt or he would never be able to exact revenge."Free Mason refrence" When Montressor was talking about "being" a mason he was probably responding in scarcasim to Fortunato's question. Montressor cleverly knows that he is detering the attention of his drunkin friend when he pulls out his trowel (which is a tool for masony).At that point in the conversation it seems that Fortundo aknowledges he lost the conversation in his intoxication and moves along to the Amontillado.the abnormal social phenomena exist in the reality,the intrigue among people to gain profits and also the immoral measures people took for panning gold at the Gold Rush Era.The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras CountyPlot：The narrator is sent by a friend on an errand to visit an old man, Simon Wheeler, to find an old acquaintance of his friend, Leonidas W. Smiley. The narrator finds Simon at the "decayed mining camp of Angel's" The narrator asks the fat, bald-headed man of Leonidas. Simon responds that he doesn't know a Leonidas Smiley, but he knows of a Jim Smiley. From there Simon tells the story of Jim.Themes: A cultured Easterner relates his recent visit to a talkative old man at a western mining camp. Rather than providing information that the Easterner is looking for, the old man keeps him waiting while he spins a tale about a betting man and his pet frog.Culture Clash: it highlights various aspects of late nineteenth-century American society and culture through the retelling of a tall tale. Central to the story is the idea of conflicting cultures, particularly the clash between the settled, eastern portion of the United States and the still-developing West. At the time Twain wrote the story, the East and its inhabitants had a reputation for being civilized, cultured, and advanced. The West, on the other hand, was still being settled and was considered to be populated.Style:The frame tale structure.In a frame tale, one story appears in—that is, it is framed by—another story. In "Jumping Frog" the outer tale focuses on Mark Twain and his meeting with the talkative old storyteller, Simon Wheeler. This meeting occurs at the request of a friend of Twain's, identified in some versions of the tale as A. Ward, who supposedly wants to find out about an old acquaintance named Leonidas Smiley. Twain reveals, however, that he suspects his friend's request was merely a practical joke designed to waste his time. Twain's suspicions about the meeting and his descriptions of Wheeler appear in the few paragraphs that open and close the entire story.幽默艺术的四个特点:用夸张的手法突出幽默对象的本质特征;用漫画的技巧追求幽默艺术的深刻性;运用大量土语和俚语增强幽默效果;巧妙地构思出一些奇特、曲折的故事情节,增强幽默的感染力.A Clean，Well-Lighted PlaceThe old man is afraid of the darkness and loneliness, He need cafe's whiskey to encourage himself to live, to insist. The cafe represents the soul shelter or the rest harbor for the two.One man's loneliness and isolation from the rest of the world. the younger waiter and the older one are different. The older one has more xp in the world, so he can understand the old man better. Nothingness is the keynote of the whole story.In the end, Hemingway leaves us with an universality to the tale in that: "Many must have it." Not only do many people have the insomnia and sleeplessness, but they also experience loneliness and the need for a clean, well-lighted place in which to feel safe, or perhaps insulated.Some have argued that Hemingway contrasts light and shadow to differentiate the old man and the young people around him, and uses the deafness of the old man as a symbol for his separation from the rest of the world. Hemingway uses the waiters to judge the old man and portray his views. As a clean drunk, the man does not spill a drop as he drinks and walks "unsteadily but with dignity" when he finally leaves the café. The waiters talkbetween themselves as the young waiter asks the old waiter the man’s story. He wond ers how anyone could sit alone drinking in the café instead of buying a bottle for himself and drink in the comfort of his own home. It is then the old waiter who defends the man. The old waiter acknowledges that it is better for the man to have many drinks in public than any drinks in private.Another way to analyze the relationships between the men is to compare them as one person. The young waiter complains about having to stick around the café waiting for the man to finish drinking. He claims that he has a wife to go home to and he would rather be in bed than in the café. The old waiter defends the drinking man because he can relate and even see himself in the man. He sympathizes knowing that he, too, prefers a clean well lighted place to drink and will later appreciate such a place in his old drinking age. The old man is in his final years of life and the old waiter recognizes that he soon will have the same fate as the old man. A progression of age is seen among the characters demonstrating the transition from being young and social to aging and feeling lonely. Hemingway portrays a difference in age, experience, and opinion of drinking through the unique characters.虚无就是黑暗孤独，无希望、无意义、精神无所寄托的迷惘。
美国文学期末考试-诗歌赏析部分
美国⽂学期末考试-诗歌赏析部分Philip Freneau1.野⾦银花美丽的⾦银花，你粲然绽放于幽静⼀⾓。
芳菲满枝,⽆⼈垂顾，迎风起舞,⽆⼈注⽬。
游⼦从不践踏你的⽟体，过客从不催落你的泪滴。
造化令你素裹银妆，你得以远离庸⼈的⽬光她赐予你⼀⽚绿荫葱葱她带给你⼀泓流⽔淙淙恬静的夏⽇倏然流淌你终于红衰翠减，⽟殒⾹消妩媚动⼈，你却⽆法盛颜久长落红满地，你令我黯然神伤纵然在伊甸乐园，⼈间天堂也难免⼀⽇凋零，满⽬凄凉萧瑟秋风，凄⽩秋霜你终于消失得⽆影⽆踪朝霞幕露孕育了你娇⼩的⾝躯你从尘⼟来，⼜归尘⼟去来时⼀⽆所有，去时化作尘⼟可叹⽣命苦短你终究红消⾹断Background: The short lyric was written in 1786. Freneau was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking at Chaeleston, South Carolina. As is displayed in this poem, honeysuckle, instead of rose of daffodil became the object of depiction; it is “wild” just to convey the fresh perception of the natural scenes on the new continent. The flowers, similar to the early Puritan settlers, used to believe they were the selects of God to be arranged on the abundant land, but now have to wake up from fantasy and be more respectful to natural law.Theme:the mutability of flowers and by extension the transience of human life. Time is constant but the time of a life is short; any favor is relative but change is absolute; with or without the awareness, nature develops; flowers were born, blossomed and declined to repose, and human beings would exist in exactly the same way. A philosophical meditation is indicated by the description of the fate of a trivial wild plant. In this poem, the poet expresses a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience of nature. It implies that life and death are inevitable law of nature. In addition, the poet writes with the strong implication that, though in the work no one is presented in person, human beings at times envy the flower. This is seen not because the “roving foot” would “crush”; nor that the “busy hand” would “provoke a tear”; nor because of the “vulgar eye”, but because of the fact that the human being has the ability to foresee his death. Whereas, the flower, with its happy ignorance, lacks this consciousness and is completely unaware of its doom. Its innocence left it happier than the foreseeing human beings.Unfortunately, the human beings are quite unwilling to refuse this knowledge and that arouses all their sufferings.Rhyme and analysis: Form ?Four six-line stanzas ?iambic tetrameter 四⾳步抑扬格?soft-strong-soft-strong-soft-strong-soft-strong ? Fair flower, that dost so comely grow ? rhymed on ababcc pattern Following the traditional European model, the lyric is written in regular 6-line tetrameter stanzas, rhyming “ababcc”, and sounds just like music. But in order to accord with the change in tone and topic in Stanza 3, the rhythmic pattern is varied. Different from the rest the poem which is written in smooth iambic tetrameter lines, the third line of the stanza --- “They died” --- begins with a “spondee”(two stressed beats in a row) and, after forcing the reader to pause (the dash), continues in a highly irregular rhythm with an intensification of stressed beats. The purpose is obvious: the speaker wants to drive the horrible message home, to let the reader feel the impact acutely. But as we progress into the last stanza, when a more mature view of life and death is adopted, the rhythms are restored to the original regularity as the tone assumes a tempered serenity grown out of experience. The wild honey suckle is, in the poet’s eye, no longer a common flower.In the first two stanzas, to start with, Freneau devoted more attention to the environment of the flower in which he found it than to the appearance of the flower per se. He commented on the secluded nature of the place where the honey suckle grew, drawing a conclusion that it was due to Nature’s protectiveness that the flower was able to lead a peaceful life free from men’s disturbance and destruction. But the next stanza immediately changed the tone from silent admiration and appreciation to outright lamentation over the “future’s doom” of the flower --- even Nature was unable to save the flower from its death. Actually no flower, or no living being, can escape. Not even the flowers that used to bloom in Eden. Thus from the flower in nature the poet started to ponder over the fate of man, who was bound to fall from his innocence and suffer from the despair of death as the result to his exile from Paradise. Just as kindly as nourished and protected the honey suckle in spring and summer, Nature will destroy ruthlessly the flower with its autumn and winter weapons.Understand the title: 1. The name honeysuckle comes from the sweet nectar that the flow er produces to intoxicate the greedy bee. Its powerful fragrance seduces the human senses as it pervades the air. The perfume of this passionate plant may turn a maidens head, hence wild honeysuckle is a symbol of inconstancy in . The word “wild”implies herliving place; she lives in wilderness not in paradise or house; so she will not be app reciated by others and feels sorrowful. Also it implies the nature, so we can say the writer is describing the nature.William Cullen Bryant（对死亡的冥想）热爱⾃然的⼈与世间万象, 有着⼼神的交流，对他, 她可说各种各样的语⾔他⾼兴的时候，她声⾳喜悦, 微笑⾥透着⾼贵的美丽, 她潜⼊他隐秘的思索，带着温柔和抚慰的关切，未及他明⽩她就将痛苦带⾛，当最后的思想如灾难降临你的精神,悲痛的哀影，寿⾐，棺罩,令⼈窒息的⿊暗，以及促狭的房屋使你瑟瑟发抖，并⼼⽣憎恨——去开阔的⽥野吧，去听听,⾃然的教诲，听听那从四野⾥——⼤地、河川和新鲜的空⽓中——传来的静谧⽽寂寥的声⾳——然⽽⼏天后，普照⼤地的太阳在它的⾏程⾥，也不见你的踪影；也不在冰冷的⼤地你含泪苍⽩的形体停放之处,也不在⼤海的怀抱存你的形象养育了你的⼤地要将你召回, 复归为尘⼟，消除⼈的痕迹你的个体将⾂服于此，你将永远与⾃然之中的万物共处去做⽆情的草⽊和磐⽯的兄弟掩藏在坚硬的泥⼟下，任由那粗野的情郎翻犁和践踏橡树伸展的根须将刺穿你的躯体。
美国文学诗歌赏析
1. Analyze the poem “The Wild Honey Suckle”Understand the title: 1.The name honeysuckle comes from the sweet nectar that the flower produces to intoxicate the greedy bee. Its powerful fragrance seduces the human senses as it pervades the air. The perfume o f this passionate plant may turn a maiden’s head, hence wild honeysuckle is a symbol of inconstancy in love.2. The word “wild” implies her living place; she lives in wilderness not in paradise or house; so she will not be appreciated by others and feels sorrowful. Also it implies the nature, so we can say the writer is describing the nature.2. Analyze Whitman’s “Song of Myself” (Over 200 words)"Song of Myself" is all about the human experience. The human experience, here, means what men of the past, present and future have seen, touched, smelt, and heard. In this poem Whitman is explaining how all of humanity is like one living organism, and no one part is more important than the other. In section 44 of "Song of Myself" Whitman says, "We have thus far exhausted trillions of winters and summers, There are trillions ahead, and trillions ahead of them. Births have brought us richness and variety, And other births will bring us richness and variety. I do not call one greater and one smaller, That which fills its period and place is equal to any." It is clear that Whitman had a perspective of the human race and its history that escaped most writers. More specifically, Whitman speaks of equal contribution to the human experience in section 42: "Here and there with dimes on the eyes walking, To feed the greed of the belly the brains liberally spooning, Tickets buying, taking, selling, but in to the feast never once going, Many sweating, ploughing, thrashing, and then the chaff for payment receiving, A few idly owning, and they the wheat continually claiming. This is the city and I am one of the citizens, Whatever interests the rest interests me, politics, wars, markets, newspapers, schools, The mayor and councils, banks, tariffs, steamships, factories, stocks, stores, real estate and personal estate. 3. Emily’s “Because I Could Not Stop for Death” (Over 300 words)The poem begins with a leisurely image. At first, the protagonist feels totally at ease and the usually frightening death is described as if a familiar friend, gentle and polite. Continuingly, the poem is developed upon a basic metaphor that life is a journey. It was truly rather old a comparison, but Dickinson enriched it with her creativity and imagination: "School, where Children strove" --childhood; "Fields of Gazing Grain"--maturity; and "Setting Sun"--old age. Then “the Dews drew quivering and chill-” makes the protagonist feel terribly cold, which may mean that they are getting nearer and nearer to the tomb. But at last, his companions, Immortality and Death, finally desert him and leave him alone to go toward Eternity.So it seems that though death cheats him and at the same time deserts him, the experience of death itself is not painful. Emily Dickinson’s poems just explain this kind of essence of life, which then lead you to a world of imagination and thinking.4. Appreciate the poem “In a Station of the Metro”.The poem is essentially a set of images that have unexpected likeness and convey the rare emotion that Pound was experiencing at that time. Arguably the heart of the poem is not the first line, nor the second, but the mental process that links the two together. "In a poem ofthis sort," as Pound explained, "one is trying to record the precise instant when a thing outward and objective transforms itself, or darts into a thing inward and subjective." This darting takes place between the first and second lines. The pivotal semi-colon has stirred debate as to whether the first line is in fact subordinate to the second or both lines are of equal, independent importance. Pound contrasts the factual, mundane image that he actually witnessed with a metaphor from nature and thus infuses this “apparition” with visual beauty. There is a quick transition from the statement of the first line to the second line’s vivid metaphor; this ‘super-pository’ technique exemplifies the Japanese haiku style. The word “apparition” is considered crucial as it evokes a mystical and supernatural sense of imprecision which is then reinforced by the metaphor of the second line. The plosive word ‘Petals’ conjures ideas of delicate, feminine beauty which contrasts with the bleakness of the ‘wet, black bough’. What the poem signifies is questionable; many critics argue that it deliberately transcends traditional form and therefore its meaning is solely found in its technique as opposed to in its content. However when Pound had the inspiration to write this poem few of these considerations came into view. He simply wished to translate his perception of beauty in the midst of ugliness into a single, perfect image in written form.It is also worth noting that the number of words in the poem (fourteen) is the same as the number of lines in a sonnet. The words are distributed with eight in the first line and six in the second, mirroring the octet-sestet form of the Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnet.5. Appreciate the poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snow Evening”.“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” like many of Frost's poems, explores the theme of the individual caught between nature and civilization. The speaker's location on the border between civilization and wilderness echoes a common theme throughout American literature. The speaker is drawn to the beauty and allure of the woods, which represent nature, but has obligations—“promises to keep”—which draw him away from nature and back to society and the world of men. The speaker is thus faced with a choice of whether to give in to the allure of nature, or remain in the realm of society. Some critics have interpreted the poem as a meditation on death—the woods represent the allure of death, perhaps suicide, which the speaker resists in order to return to the mundane tasks which order daily life.6. Analyze the poem “The Road Not Taken”.the poem is inspirational, a paean to individualism and non-conformism.The poem consists of four stanzas. In the first stanza, the speaker describes his position.He has been out walking in the woods and comes to two roads, and he stands looking as far down each one as he can see. He would like to try out both, but doubts he could do that, so therefore he continues to look down the roads for a long time trying to make his decision about which road to take. The ironic interpretation, widely held by critics, is that the poem is instead about regret and personal myth-making, rationalizing our decisions.In this interpretation, the final two lines:I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.are ironic : the choice made little or no difference at all, the speaker's protestations to the contrary. The speaker admits in the second and third stanzas that both paths may be equally worn and equally leaf-covered, and it is only in his future recollection that he will call one road "less traveled by".The sigh, widely interpreted as a sigh of regret, might also be interpreted ironically: in a 1925 letter to Cristine Yates of Dickson, Tennessee, asking about the sigh, Frost replied: "It was my rather private jest at the expense of those who might think I would yet live to be sorry for the way I had taken in life."7. Analyze the poem “Anecdote of the Jar”.This famous, much-anthologized poem succinctly accommodates a remarkable number of different and plausible interpretations, as Jacqueline Brogan observes in a discussion of how she teaches it to her students.It can be approached from a New Critical perspective as a poem about writing poetry and making art generally. From a poststructuralist perspective the poem is concerned with temporal and linguistic disjunction, especially in the convoluted syntax of the last two lines. A feminist perspective reveals a poem concerned with male dominance over a traditionally feminized landscape.A cultural critic might find a sense of industrial imperialism. Brogan concludes: "When thedebate gets particularly intense, I introduce Roy Harvey Pearce's discovery of the Dominion canning jars (a picture of which is then passed around)."8. Analyze T. S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”. (Over 500words)On the surface, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" relays the thoughts of a sexually frustrated middle-aged man who wants to say something but is afraid to do so, and ultimately does not.The dispute, however, lies in to whom Prufrock is speaking, whether he is actually going anywhere, what he wants to say, and to what the various images refer.The intended audience is not evident. Some believe that Prufrock is talking to another person or directly to the reader, while others believe Prufrock's monologue is internal.Perrine writes "The 'you and I' of the first line are divided parts of Prufrock's own nature", while Mutlu Konuk Blasing suggests that the "you and I" refers to the relationship between the dilemmas of the character and the author. Similarly, critics dispute whether Prufrock is going somewhere during the course of the poem. In the first half of the poem, Prufrock uses various outdoor images (the sky, streets, cheap restaurants and hotels, fog), and talks about how there will be time for various things before "the taking of toast and tea", and "time to turn back and descend the stair." This has led many to believe that Prufrock is on his way to an afternoon tea, in which he is preparing to ask this "overwhelming question". Others, however, believe that Prufrock is not physically going anywhere, but rather, is playing through it in his mind.Perhaps the most significant dispute lies over the "overwhelming question" that Prufrock is trying to ask. Many believe that Prufrock is trying to tell a woman of his romantic interest in her, pointing to the various images of women's arms and clothing and the final few lines in which Prufrock laments that the mermaids will not sing to him. Others, however, believe that Prufrock is trying to express some deeper philosophical insight or disillusionment with society, but fears rejection, pointing to statements that express a disillusionment with society such as "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons" (line 51). Many believe that the poem is a criticism of Edwardian society and Prufrock's dilemma represents the inability to live a meaningful existence in the modern world. McCoy and Harlan wrote "Formany readers in the 1920s, Prufrock seemed to epitomize the frustration and impotence of the modern individual. He seemed to represent thwarted desires and modern disillusionment."As the poem uses the stream of consciousness technique, it is often difficult to determine what is meant to be interpreted literally or symbolically. In general, Eliot uses imagery which is indicative of Prufrock's character, representing aging and decay. For example, "When the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient etherized upon a table"(lines 2-3), the "sawdust restaurants" and "cheap hotels," the yellow fog, and the afternoon "Asleep...tired... or it malingers" (line 77), are reminiscent of languor and decay, while Prufrock's various concerns about his hair and teeth, as well as the mermaids "Combing the white hair of the waves blown back / When the wind blows the water white and black,"show his concern over aging.（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。
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One’s Self I Sing
This poem was published as “Inscription” in Leaves of Grass (1867) and given its present title in 1871. According to Whitman’s plan, the poem is printed first in his book.
As the title is “One’s Self,” not “Myself”, this already forms the bond between the reader and writer which again it’s what he is conveying in the poem.
In the first stanza, the speaker sings of a simple separate person, but the alliteration lends more powerful symbolism to the words. The repetition seems to indicate that perhaps what he sings is not so simple at all. The poem celebrates the “simple, separate Person” as a physical, moral, intellectual, emotional, and aesthetical being, but declares that when he sings of himself, he uses the “word En-masse” to show that he represents the modern man. While he is one voice, he is speaking for a lot of people.
In the second stanza, the theme changes when the poet refers to the spirit and physical body, and wisdom. Whitman tells us that he speaks for all colors, classes and creeds. He seems to be telling us to live together like one, accepting all. All organs in the body need others to function properly. No person can live without relying on the complete system.
In the last stanza, the poet hammers us with alliteration. Though modern man fights for his freedom and individuality, the greatest freedom he has is his right to live.
Altough Whitman consistently celebrated an average man, he was probably feeling his unique qualities. Divided between faith in democratic equality and belief in the individual rebel against society’s restrictions, he combined the figure of the average man and the superman in his conception of himself. He certainly differed in the hypersensitivity that made him as zealous in pursuing emotional freedom through love as he had been in pursuing social freedom in democracy. He differed also in his frequent, forceful declarations of his democratic love for man (The Female equally with the Male I sing), and he has been considered a homosexual.
Fire and Ice
Desire and hate, believed by some to be the two largest faults of the human race. Robert Frost explains these two ideas in only nine lines. “Fire and Ice” is a perfect example of juxtaposition between fire and ice, or, desire and hate. Both are believed to destroy a person if they succumb to its hold.
Frost begins with saying that some believe the world will end in fire, some believe ice. In other words, some believe that those who desire too much will perish; others believe that hating so much as to put their whole self into it will have the same result. Frost did not mean that having either of these faults meant physical death, more of a death of the spirit. Those who desire things such as power or wealth soon think of nothing else and lose all touch with everything around them; those who hate never enjoy life and lose touch with what truly matters in life. With either one, the
person who suffers from it exists, but does not live.
Throughout the poem Frost also uses a rhyming scheme to separate the two ideas, every word coinciding with fire rhymes, “fire”and “desire,”and everything that coincides with ice rhymes also, “ice,”“twice,”“hate,” and “great.” It helps to emphasize the difference between the two, showing that, although they’re completely different, they have the same affect. “Fire and ice” was inspired by a passage in Canto 32 of Dante’s Inferno, in which the worst offenders of hell, the traitors, are submerged, while in a fiery hell, up to their necks in ice: “a lake so bound with ice, It did not look like water, but like a glass…right clear I saw, where sinners are preserved in ice.”
Frost’s diction also notes that people who commit sins of desire are more common than people who commit sins of hate as it uses the pronoun “those” to describe people who commit sins of desire, suggesting plurality, and that the speaker himself has tasted it before. With his discussion of hatred, there is no mention of his having experienced it, leaving the reader to ponder whether his knowledge of hatred comes mostly from contemplation (“I think I know”) and not from experience.。