船舶分油机故障分析

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[摘要] 船舶航行时，为了使主、副机设备能够正常有效的工作，无论是燃油还是滑油，都要通过分油机进行分离处理。在船舶航行中，分油机总是处于长期工作状态，也就不可避免会发生故障。虽然各种型号的分油机在结构上存在差异，但具体工作原理是相同的，都是通过高速旋转产生离心力，将密度不同的油、水、杂质分离，并分别排出。本文首先介绍了分油机的结构，分水机与分杂机的区别，分油机的工作原理、工作过程以及在日常工作中的启动运行管理，保养和维修，特别介绍了分油机的解体组装、清洁和更换滑油的基本要求，分析了船用分油机的常见故障：出水口跑油，排渣口跑油，分油机异常振动和噪音，控制系统故障。以及判断故障、排除故障的基本方法。最后通过对一些船用典型分油机的具体故障实例进行分析：出水口跑油；分油机转速低、无法密封；排渣口跑油等等。研究出一些处理故障的方法为今后出现的类似故障提供了一种解决途径，同时对实船分油机的实际运行管理也有一定的理论指导意义和借鉴作用。对于提高工作效率，降低船舶工作人员的工作量也具有十分重要的意义。

关键词:分油机；故障；分析

Abstract:When the ship travelling , fuel and oil all go through oil process through the oil separator for the host and slave in good working condition. The oil separator easily go wrong in the long-term state when the ship operating .Although the oil separator’s structure and shape is different ,the work principle generate centrifugal force by high-speed rotation, separate the different proportion’s oil water and slag, discharge through different channels. This text first introduce the structure of oil separator ,the difference of purifier and clarifier, the principle of oil separator, the start operation management, maintenance and repair in the daily work process ,specially introduce the basic requirements of oil separator’s disintegration ,cleaning and the oil replaceme nt, analyze the common failure of marine oil separator, the basic method of outlet’s oil spilling ,slag discharge port’s oil spilling, oil separator abnormal vibration and noise, control system’s failure ,determine fault and troubleshooting. Finally analyz e the specific examples of failure such as outlet’s oil spilling, the low speed of oil separator ,difficultly sealing , slag discharge port’s oil spilling, developed the methods of processing failure and have great significance in the actual operation of oil separator, provide the solution of the similar failures in future, have the certain theoretical significance for the improvement of efficiency, reduction of the ship personnel’s workload and the management of the ship oil operation, have great significance for the improvement of efficiency and reduction of the ship personnel’s workload.

Key words: oil separator; malfunction ;analysis

目录

绪论 (1)

1 分油机的工作原理 (2)

1.1船舶分油机概述 (2)

1.2分油机的结构 (2)

1.3分油机的工作过程 (3)

2 分油机的技术要求 (5)

2.1分油机的运行管理 (5)

2.2分油机的例行维护保养 (6)

2.3更换滑油的步骤和要求 (6)

3 分油机的常见故障 (7)

3.1 跑油故障 (7)

3.2 分油机异常振动和噪音 (7)

3.3 控制系统故障 (8)

4 典型分油机的具体故障分析 (9)

4.1MOPX型分油机出水口跑油故障 (9)

4.1.1 故障现象 (9)

4.1.2 故障分析 (9)

4.1.3 故障排除 (9)

4.2A LFA-L AVAL SU500型分油机转速低故障 (10)

4.2.1 故障过程 (10)

4.2.2 故障分析 (10)

4.2.3 故障排除 (11)

4.3MFPX307型分油机活动底盘不能抬起 (11)

4.3.1 故障过程 (11)

4.3.2 故障分析 (11)

4.3.3 故障排除 (12)

结论 (13)

致谢 (14)

参考文献 (15)