初中英语的不定式和动名词

初中不定式和动名词

一、动词不定式：构成：to + 动词原形

1. 下列动词只能接不定式作：

want 想要, agree 同意, choose 选择, decide 决定, expect 期望,

hope 希望, earn 学会, need 必要, offer 提供, prefer 宁愿, +to do

promise保证, plan 计划? refuse 拒绝, wish 希望, would like想要

2. 下列动词只能接动名词（即动词+ing）

Enjoy; mind; practice; finish；suggest ;deny;

admit ; keep; spend; feel like + doing sth.

enjoy doing sth., 喜欢做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事,

practice doing sth. 练习做某事finish doing sth. 做完某事

feel like doing sth. 想要做某事keep doing sth. 坚持做某事

have fun doing sth. 尽情做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事

deny doing sth. 否认做某事admit doing sth.承认做某事

be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事

spend…(in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事

be busy doing sth???忙于做某事be worth doing sth?值得做某事

prefer doing sth. to doing sth 与…相比更喜欢做某事pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事3．有些动词后面既可接不定式，也可接动名词，意思相同。如：

begin/start to do sth.= begin/start doing sth开始做某事,

like/love to do sth= like / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事;

hate to do sth. =hate doing sth.憎恨做某事

4. 有些动词后接不定式或名词时，意思不同。如：

1）remember doing sth. 记得作过某事（某事已做过）

remember to so sth.记住去做某事（某事还没做）

2）forget doing sth. 忘了作过某事（某事已做过）

forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事（某事还没做）

3）try to do sth.=do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事

try doing sth. 尝试做某事

4）stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停止正在做的事）

stop to do sth.停下来做某事（停止的事去做另外的事）

5）go on doing sth. 继续做某事（同一件事）

go on to do sth. 接着去做某事（不同的事）

5.下列动词跟动词不定式充当宾语补足语：vt.+sb. to do sth. vt.+ sb.+not to do sth.

Want/ask/ tell /order/ allow/ wish/beg/advise / call /invite +sb. to do sth.

She told me to buy a ticket.她让我去买张票

My mother often tells me not to go out at night.

6.help 后的不定式可带to, 也可不带to

The teachers helped the students (to) learn English well. 那些老师帮助学生学好英语。

He often helps his mother (to) tidy up the room.他经常帮助他妈妈整理房间。

7. 动词不定式省to的情况

一感feel

二听hear, listen to +sb. do sth.

三使have, let, make

四看see, watch, look at, notice

常考短语：hear/see/ make / let sb. do sth.

被动语态：Sb. be heard/ seen/made/let to do sth.（变成被动语态时补回to）

I often see him help others. He is often seen to help other by me.

二、动词不定式的句式：

1..动词不定式作主语，主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句。

It + is/was+adj.+(for sb.) + to do sth.

To learn English well is useful. = It’s useful to learn English well.学好英语是有用的。

To protect environment is important for us.

= It’s important for us to protect environment.对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。

2. It is / was + adj.(kind / good/ nice/ clever) + of sb. +to do sth.

It’s very kind of you to help me. =You are very kind to help me你帮助我真是太好啦。

It’s very clever of you to do like that.=You are clever to do like that你那样做真的太聪明啦。

这个句型的形容词为表示人的品格，气质之类的词。

可以等于句型：sb. is / was + adj. +to do sth.

3. It takes ( took , will take ) sb. some time to do something. (做某事花费某人…时间)

4.. 主语+ find / think + it +形容词+ (for sb.) + to do

I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语和容易的。

He felt it hard to sleep.他觉得很难入睡。

I think it very interesting to learn English. 我认为学英语很有趣。

We found it impossible to cross the river. 我们发现过河是不可能的。

5.不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等

Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作就是打扫大厅。

My dream is to be a teacher.我的梦想是当一名教师。

6.不定式作状语的用法

He worked day and night to get the money.（表目的）他日夜工作来赚钱。

He is too young to go to school. （表结果）他太小以致不能上学。

They were very sad to hear the news.（表原因）听到这个消息他们非常伤心。

The question is simple for him to answer.（表程度）这个问题对他来说太容易回答了。

7. 动词不定式可以和疑问词who, what, which, when, how, where(why除外)等连用，构成不定式短语。

Can you tell me how to get to the post office?

I didn’t know what to do next.

How to learn English well is the question that we all want to ask.

The question is when to get there.

What to do 与how to do 的区别:

I don’t know what to do next?我不知道下一步该做什么。(What to do后没有sth.)

I don’t know how to use this machine.我不知道怎么样使用这部机器（how to do +sth.）

三、动名词（动词+ing）作用相当于名词。（可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语）

1.Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。（作主语）

2.Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任务就是擦窗户。（作表语）

3. He likes swimming.（作宾语）

4.a washing machine 洗衣机，a reading room 阅览室（作定语）