初中英语动词专题

动词

动词就是表示动作或状态的词,在句子中做谓语。动词的基本形式: 动词原形、过去式、现在分词与过去分词。

(3种结构)

表示经常性、习惯性的动作;或普遍真理、客观事实;或某种状态。

“主·谓·(宾)”结构

Peter always spends too much time playing computer games、

Alice usually goes to school by bus in the morning、

I like listening to classical music、

“There· be”结构

There is a map on the wall、

There are some birds in the sky、

“主·系·表”结构

It’s very cold today、

The earth is bigger than the moon、

My father is a teacher、

动词第三人称单数

表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句子中, 动词必须用过去式、

一般过去时常见的提示: yesterday; the day before yesterday; last(week/ month/

year/Sunday --)

this ---;just now; --- ago; after ---; when --- 等等。

注:当谓语动词就是行为动词时,肯定句用动词的过去式表达,构成疑问句或否定句时,需借

助did或didn’t构成,谓语动词要还原成原形。例如:

I went to the zoo yesterday、

My mother didn’t go to the park last weekend、

Did Jim come to see you last night?

、

表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。 (只有延续性动词有进行时; 非延续性动词没有进行时 ) 主语 + 系动词(am / is / are )+ 现在分词

现在分词的构成

现在进行时的标志:Look; Listen; now; at the moment / at present

Look、 Alice is reading a magazine over there、

Listen、 Peter is singing a Chinese song、

Alice is talking to Peter now、

I’m learning Japanese at the moment、

特殊情况: 非延续性动词没有进行时,它们的现在分词形式表示将来时。

主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的现在分词:表示将来时。

I’m going to school now、

Mary is leaving for New York soon、

Spring Festival is coming、

I’m arriving in Beijing、

表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。

主语 + 系动词(was / were )+ 现在分词

David was doing his homework at 8 o’clock yesterday、

I was doing my homework at his time yesterday、

Tom was having breakfast when Mary called him、

表示将要发生的动作,或计划或打算作某事。

主语 + will + 动词原形

主语 + ( am / is / are ) + going to + 动词原形

主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的现在分词:

例如:

I will tell you the good news、

John is going to visit Hangzhou next week、

My father is coming to Qingdao tomorrow、

一般将来时常见的提示:

tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next week; in the future; in three days; this evening, soon, at the end of this term

一般将来时的用法

1.表示将来的动作或状态。例如:

We will get to Shanghai tomorrow、

2.在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中,“句子”用一般将来时。例如:

Get up early, and you will catch the early bus、

Hurry up, or you will be late for school、

“be going to+动词原形”与“will+动词原形”

be going to与will在一般情况下可以互换,但就是在下列情况下将来时要用will。

表示在过去的某时计划或打算作某事。 ( 间接引语 / 宾语从句 )

主语 + would + 动词原形

主语 + ( was / were ) + going to + 动词原形

主语 + ( was / were ) +非延续动词的动名词

例如:

I thought you would help the old man、

Mary was going to take part in this meeting、

He said he was leaving for Hong Kong、

含义:现在完成时表示“过去的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响”、

汉语译文中经常含有“已经”、“曾经”、“还没有”等词语、

构成:主语 + have / has + 过去分词例如:

I have seen this movie before、 (结果:我了解这部影片的内容 )

He has had a good education、 (结果:她的知识水平很高 )

现在完成时常见的标志:

so far / up to now ; recently ; in recent years ; before ; in the past …/ in the last … / over the past … / over the last …

since / for: 既可以用于“现在完成时”, 也可以用于“现在完成进行时”、

already / yet / ever / never / before: 既可以用于“现在完成时”, 也可以用于“过

去完成时”、

I have already finished the work、 / I have just finished the work、

Have you finished the work yet ?

I haven’t finished my work yet、

延续性动词与非延续性动词

延续性动词可以接一段时间;

非延续性动词后面不能接一段时间, 如果要接一段时间, 就必须把非延续性动词替换成

相应的延续性动词、

come -- be here He came here two hours ago、

He has been here for two hours、

go -- be out/ be away They went out an hour ago、

They have been out for an hour、

leave --- be away Tom left ten minutes ago、