一模前任务型阅读专题练05(原卷版)

一模前任务型阅读专题练05

题组一

One of the primary problems of being a human being is: Try as you might to come across in a certain way to others, people often perceive(感知、理解)you in an altogether different way.

One person may think, for example, that by offering help to a colleague, she is coming across as generous. But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in his abilities. Just as he misunderstands her, she misunderstands him: She offered him help because she thought he was overworked and stressed. He has, after all, been showing up early to work and going home late every day. But that’ s not why he’s keeping strange hours; he just works best when the office is less crowded.

These kinds of misunderstandings lead to conflict and resentment(怨恨)not just at work, but at home too. How many fights between couples have started with one person misinterpreting what another says and does? He stares at his plate at dinner while she’s telling a story and she assumes he doesn’t care about what she’s saying, when really he is admiring the beautiful meal she made.

Most of the time, Halvorson says, people don’t realize they are not coming across the way they think they are. “If I ask you,” Halvorson told me, “about how you see yourself—what traits(特点)you would say describe you—and I ask someone who knows you well to list your traits, there’s a big gap between how other people see us and how we see ourselves.”

This gap arises from some quirks(习惯)of human psychology. Most people suffer from what psychologists call “the transparency illusion”—the belief that what they feel, desire, and intend is crystal clear to others, even though they have done very little to communicate clearly what is going on inside their minds.

Because the perceived assume they are transparent, they might not spend the time or effort to be as clear and forthcoming about their intentions or emotional states as they could be, giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment. The perceiver, meanwhile, is dealing with two powerful psychological forces that are warping(歪曲)his ability to read others accurately.

Chances are that you “I’m kind of hurt by what you just said” face probably looks an awful lot like your “I’m not at all hurt by wha t you just said” face. And the m ajority of times that you’ve said to yourself, “I made my intentions clear,” or “He knows what I meant,” you didn’t and he doesn’t.

题组二

For the past 4,000 years of history since the Spring Festival began, the lifestyles of Chinese people have changed greatly, but the importance of celebrating this traditional festival in our lives has not faded. How do Chinese people all over the country celebrate? Let’s take a look.

Beijing：homes and events

In Beijing, people take the Spring Festival very seriously. Before Chinese New Year, people decorate their homes inside and out. They put door gods on their gates, put couplets(对联)on door frames and stick paper cut-outs on the windows. The paper cut-outs show many scenes involving animals and plants, such as plum blossoms and lions with balls. Red lanterns are hung in the rooms and New Year Pictures and the character Fú are put on the walls.

It is common for people in Beijing to go to the temple fairs during the Spring Festival. Temple fairs began when groups of vendors(小贩)did business near temples when many pilgrims(香客)came to worship the gods during traditional festivals. And they have now turned into a regular event. At the fairs, you can find vendors selling food and handicrafts, performers acting wonderfully and vendors organizing games to play.

Shaanxi：folk performances

In Shaanxi Province, yangge is the most popular folk performance during the Spring Festival. It includes