公共管理专业英语 Microsoft PowerPoint 演示文稿

The movement has become popular as international pressures have increased for more efficient and effective government. 随着国际社会寻求更有效率和更有效的政府 压力的增加，这个运动变得流行起来。
The most innovative facet of NPM is that it attempts to develop solutions to management issues based on market theories rather than simple administrative rules and regulations. 新公共管理最具创新性的方面是它试图基于 市场理论而不是简单的行政法规和规章来制 定解决管理问题的方案 Innovative： Innovative： n. 创新
New Zealand serves as a good example of a national government improving by putting NPM theories into practice. 新西兰作为一个国家政府通过将新公共管理 理论付诸实践得到改善的很好的例子。
While proponents of NPM believe it is a way to positively redefine public management, critics consider it an exaggeration of the value market principles, especially privatization, privatization, have for the public sector. sector. 虽然新公共管理理论的支持者认为这是一个 积极界定公共管理的方式，评论家认为这是 市场价值原则的夸大，特别是私有化被用于 公共部门。 Exaggeration：n.夸张，夸大 Exaggeration：n.夸张，夸大 Privatization: n.私有化 n.私有化
National institutions, such as the American Society for Public Administration in the United States and the Ecole Nationale d’Administration in France, study trends and issues regarding public management as it continues to evolve. 国家机构，如美国公共行政学会和法国国家 行政学院，由于公共管理的不断发展，研究 它的发展趋势和存在的问题 the American Society for Public Administration：美国公共行政学会 Administration：美国公共行政学会 the Ecole Nationale d’Administration：国家 d’Administration：国家 行政学院
Begun by the George W. Bush administration, No Child Left Behind is a valuable case study within public management. 从布什政府开始，不让一个孩子掉队成为了 公共管理中的一项宝贵研究。
Therefore, government officials can learn from the management methods used in the private sector. sector. 因此，政府机构可以学习私人部门的管理方 法。 Private sector :私人部门 :私人部门
What is Public management ？
Public management, focused on government and non-profit administration, noncontends that private and public project management are similar. 公共管理，侧重于政府和非营利管理，主张 私人和公共项目管理是相似的。 Private: adj.私人的，私有的，私营的，私密 adj.私人的，私有的，私营的，私密 的. n.士兵 n.士兵
He believes that established and valuable government management practices must be retained and studied. 他认为，已经建立的和宝贵的政府管理方法 必须予以保留并研究
Furthermore, Mintzberg concludes that privatization should be curtailed, as it cannot be the solution to all problems within public management. 此外，明茨伯格的结论是私有化必须被限制， 因为它不能解决公共管理中所有的问题 Curtail: vt. 缩减，减少，剥夺特权，简略
Unlike the latter, the former views government management of projects to be completely different from that of private management due to the emphasis it lays upon the social good. 与后者不同，前者的观点认为由于政府项目 管理强调依赖于社会的良好而与私人管理完 全不同
In the United States, a movement known as the New Public Administration (NPM) entails applying market mechanisms to traditional public management practices. 在美国，被称为新公共管理的运动将市场机 制运用到传统的公共管理实践中。 Mechanism： Mechanism：n. 机械装置，机构，机制
The complexities within public management are underlined by the fact that government projects are often larger in scale than private sector projects and have a strong, direct effect upon the public. 政府项目的规模往往大于私人部门项目，而 且对公众有着强烈和直接的影响，这个事实 强调了公共管理的复杂性。
A federally funded program, it is run by the Department of Education with the goal of improving the public education system in the United States. 联邦政府资助的程序由负有提高美国公共教 育体系的目标的教育署运行。
Due to the immensity of the project and its impact, management is an intricately complex process. 由于项目的巨大和影响，管理成为了一个错 综复杂的过程 Immensity：n.广大，巨大，无限，浩瀚 Immensity：n.广大，巨大，无限，浩瀚
One of the strongest critics of NPM, Henry Mintzberg, believes the movement to be lopsided, with public sector managers learning solely from private management techniques. 亨利· 亨利·明茨伯格，一个新公共管理理论的强硬 的批评家，认为这场运动是片面的，因为公 共部门管理者只学习私人管理技术
One significant aspect of public management is government performance auditing, which enables comparisons among numerous government administrations. 政府绩效审计是公共管理的一个重要的方面， 它使得众多的政府主管部门之间能够进行比 较。 Auditing :v.审核，查账，审计，审计学 :v.审核，查账，审计，审计学
The lack of competition for governments, as opposed to the anti-monopoly laws faced by anticompanies, also affects how public projects are managed. 和企业所面临的反垄断法律相反，政府之间 缺乏竞争，也影响了公共项目的管理 the anti-monopoly laws：反垄断法律 antilaws：反垄断法律
Relying heavily on appraisals of efficiency and effectiveness, government agencies are incorporating systems of user-pay basis, userincreasing competition by allowing companies to bid for contracts, developing resultresult-oriented budgets, and offering incentives to public servants to improve work performance. 严重依赖效率和效益的评估，政府机构都纳 入到以用户支付为基础，通过使企业竞投合 约来增加竞争，发展结果为导向的预算，并 提供激励措施使公务员提供工作绩效的系统。
Public administration, the study of how public agencies are managed, often overlaps with public management. 公共行政，公共机构是如何管理的研究，往 往与Biblioteka Baidu共管理重叠。 Overlap: v.重叠 v.重叠
Its jurisdiction encompasses public schools all across the country. In addition, it not only affects the education of the children, but also the lives of working parents. 它的管辖范围包括全国各地的公立学校。此 外，它不仅会影响孩子的教育，而且会影响 工作的父母的生活。 Jurisdiction：n.管辖权 Jurisdiction：n.管辖权 Encompass：v.包围，环绕，包含或包括某 Encompass：v.包围，环绕，包含或包括某 事物
Ecological and social indicators, comparable to the management assessment method known as value reporting in the private sector, are used to conduct the comparison. 生态和社会指标，媲美私人部门的价值报告 的管理评估方法，被用来进行比较。