土木工程专业英语复习重点词汇
土木工程专业英语- 复习重点词汇
biological disc生物转盘
metropolitan都市的
microorganism微生物
pesticide杀虫剂
herbicide除草剂
potable water可饮用水
dewater脱水
compost混合肥料
centrifuge离心分离机
afterburner加力燃烧室
converter炼钢炉
surpass超过
exterior外部（的）
Lesson4
stressed-skin tube承力表层式筒体
lateral sway侧面位移
stiffness刚度，刚性
boundary condition边界条件
rigid belt trusses刚性带式桁架
framed tube框式筒体
pressure压力
stability稳定性
earthquake地震
wastewater treatment plant废水处理厂
air scrubber空气净化器
installation安装
strength强度
rate of flow流率
frame work框架，构架
natural resource自然资源
thermal vibration热振动
central heating中央加热
humidity湿度，湿气
climate气候
suction吸，吸力，吸气
chamber燃烧室
shaft轴
refrigerating冷冻
plenum system压力通风系统
pedestal基础，底座
acoustics声学，建筑物的传音性
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专着monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction115 规范Specification, Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical?engineering岩土工程?2.foundation?engineering基础工程3.soil,?earth土4.soil?mechanics土力学cyclic?loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基?viscous?damping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量?5.soil?dynamics土动力学6.stress?path应力路径?7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder 漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zonal soil区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄土 33.frozen soil冻土 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geote chnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力 12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 36.shear stresses剪应力 37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering （基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point 真空井点 12 braced cuts支撑围护 13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling静力压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） 29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile shoe桩靴 39.pile noise 打桩噪音 40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度 12.consolidation test固结试验 13.consolidation curve固结曲线 14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角 11.cohesion粘聚力 12.failure criterion破坏准则 13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 16.elastic modulus弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩 3.steel piles 钢桩 4.wooden sheet pile木板桩 5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础 pensated foundation补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum持力层 7.rigid foundation刚性基础 8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量 9.dynamic ma二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程 2.soil dynamics土动力学 3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱 5.earthquake intensity地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude震级 7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析 13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验 14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪 16.direct shear test直剪试验 17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验 19.dynamic simple shear动单剪 20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验 teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验 7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验 8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验 9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验 10.pressuremeter test旁压试验 11.light sounding轻便触探试验 12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测 13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验 14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验 15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测 16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
土木工程英语必背重要词汇
土木工程专业裂缝宽度容许值: allowable value of crack width使最优化: optimized次最优化: suboptimization主梁截面: girder section主梁: girder|main beam|king post桥主梁: bridge girder单墩: single pier结构优化设计: optimal structure designing多跨连续梁: continuous beam on many supports裂缝crackcrevice刚构桥: rigid frame bridge刚度比: ratio of rigidity|stiffness ratio等截面粱: uniform beam|uniform cross-section beam 桥梁工程: bridgeworks|LUSAS FEA|Bridge Engineering桥梁工程师: Bridge SE预应力混凝土: prestressed concrete|prestre edconcrete 预应力混凝土梁: prestressed concrete beam预应力混凝土管: prestressed concrete pipe最小配筋率minimum steel ratio轴向拉力, 轴向拉伸: axial tension英语重点词汇承台: bearing platform|cushioncap|pile caps桩承台: pile cap|platformonpiles低桩承台: low pile cap拱桥: hump bridge|arch bridge|arched bridge强度: intensity|Strength|Density刚强度: stiffness|stiffne|westbank stiffness箍筋: stirrup|reinforcement stirrup|hooping预应力元件: prestressed element等效荷载: equivalent load等效荷载原理: principle of equivalent loads模型matrixmodelmouldpattern承载能力极限状态: ultimate limit states正常使用极限状态: serviceability limit state 弹性: elasticity|Flexibility|stretch平截面假定: plane cross-section assumption抗拉强度intensity of tensiontensile strength安全系数safety factor标准值: standard value,|reference value作用标准值: characteristic value of an action重力标准值: gravity standard设计值: design value|value|designed value作用设计值: design value of an action荷载设计值: design value of a load可靠度: Reliability|degree of reliability不可靠度: Unreliability高可靠度: High Reliability几何特征: geometrical characteristic塑性plastic natureplasticity应力图: stress diagram|stress pattern压应力: compressive stress|compression stress配筋率: reinforcement ratio纵向配筋率: longitudinal steel ratio有限元分析: FEA|finite element analysis (FEA)|ABAQUS有限元法: finite element method线性有限元法: Linear Finite Element Method裂缝控制: crack control控制裂缝钢筋: crack-control reinforcement应力集中: stress concentration主拉应力: principal tensile stress非线性nonlinearity非线性振动: nonlinear vibration弯矩: bending moment|flexural moment|kN-m弯矩图: bending moment diagram|moment curve弯矩中心: center of moments|momentcenter剪力: shearing force|shear force|shear剪力墙: shear wall|shearing wall|shear panel弹性模量elasticity modulus剪力图: shear diagram|shearing force diagram剪力和弯矩图: Shear and Moment Diagrams剪力墙结构: shear wall structure轴力: shaft force|axial force框架结构frame construction板单元: plate unit曲率curvature材料力学mechanics of materials结构力学: Structural Mechanics|theory of structures 弯曲刚度: bending stiffness|flexural rigidity截面弯曲刚度: flexural rigidity of section弯曲刚度，抗弯劲度: bending stiffness钢管混凝土结构: encased structures极限荷载: ultimate load极限荷载设计: limit load design|ultimate load design 板壳力学: Plate Mechanic主钢筋: main reinforcement|Main Reinforcing Steel 钢筋混凝土的主钢筋: main bar悬臂梁: cantilever beam|cantilever|outrigger悬链线: Catenary,|catenary wire|chainetteribbed stiffener加劲肋: stiffening rib|stiffener|ribbed stiffener短加劲肋: short stiffener支承加劲肋: bearing stiffener技术标准technology standard水文: Hydrology招标invite public bidding连续梁: continuous beam|through beam多跨连续梁: continuous beam on many supports wind resistance抗风: Withstand Wind |wind resistance基础的basal初步设计predesignpreliminary plan技术设计: technical design|technical project施工图设计: construction documents design基础foundationbasebasis 结构形式: Type of construction|form of structure屋顶结构形式: roof form地震earthquake地震活动: Seismic activity|seismic motion耐久性: durability|permanence|endurance耐久性试验: endurance test|life test|durability test短暂状况: transient situation偶然状况: accidental situation永久作用: permanent action永久作用标准值: characteristic value of permanent action可变作用: variable action可变作用标准值: characteristic value of variable action可变光阑作用: iris action偶然作用: accidental action作用效应偶然组合: accidental combination for action effects作用代表值: representative value of an action作用标准值: characteristic value of an action地震作用标准值: characteristic value of earthquake action可变作用标准值: characteristic value of variable action作用频遇值Frequent value of an action安全等级: safety class|Security Level|safeclass设计基准期: design reference period作用效应: effects of actions|effect of an action作用效应设计值Design value of an action effect分项系数: partial safety factor|partial factor作用分项系数: partial safety factor for action抗力分项系数: partial safety factor for resistance作用效应组合: combination for action effects结构重要性系数Coefficient for importance of a structure桥涵桥涵跟桥梁比较类似，主要区别在于:单孔跨径小于5m或多孔跨径之和小于8m的为桥涵,大于这个标准的为桥梁水力: hydraulic power|water power|water stress跨度span人行道sidewalk无压力: stress-free净高clear height矩形rectangle无铰拱: arch without articulation|fixed end arch荷载load荷载强度: loading intensity|loading inte ity荷载系数: load factor|loading coefficient桥头堡bridgeheadbridge tower美观pleasing to the eyebeautifulartistic经济的economicaloecumenicaleconomic适用be applicable防水waterproof剪切模量: shear modulus|rigidity modulus|GXY剪切强度: shear strength|shearing strength|Fe-Fe扭转剪切强度: torsional shear strength剪切破坏: shear failure|shear fracture|shear damage 纯剪切破坏: complete shear failure局部剪切破坏: local shear failure永久冻土: permafrost|perennial frost土的侧压力: earth lateral pressure收缩shrinkpull backcontract徐变: creep摩擦系数: coefficient of friction|friction factor风荷载: wind load|wind loading风荷载标准值: characteristi cvalue of windload 风荷载体型系数: shape factor of windload温度作用: temperature action支座: support|bearing|carrier 外支座: outer support|outersu ort代表值: central value|representative value结构自重: self-weightstructure|dead load最不利分布: Least favorable distribution,抗震antiknockquake-proofearthquake proofing constructionearthquake-resistanceearthquake proof钢结构steel structure钢结构设计: Design Of Steel Structure钢结构设计规范: Code for design of steel structures 混凝土结构设计规范: Code for design of concrete structures预应力混凝土结构设计软件: PREC温度梯度: temperature gradient|thermal gradient动力系数: dynamic coefficient制动力系数: Braking force coefficient动力学kineticsdynamicsdyn内摩擦角: angle of internal friction有效内摩擦角: effective angle of internal friction主效应main effect主效应: Main effect,主效应模型: Main effect model超静定的: hyperstatic超静定结构: statically indeterminate structure静定: statically determinate静定梁: statically determinate beam附属设备: accessories|accessory equipment稳定系数: coefficient of stabilizationearth pressure at rest静土压力: earthpressureatrest挡土墙retaining wallabamurus主动土压力: active earth pressure被动土压力: passive earth pressure土层soil horizon土层剖面: soil profile土层剖面特性: soil-profile characteristics密度densitythickness宽度width净距: clear distance|gabarit|Clearance钢筋强度标准值: characteristic value of strength of steel bar钢材强度标准值: characteristic value of strength of steel折减系数: reduction factor|discount coefficient强度折减系数: strength reduction factor线性linearity线性代数linear algebra位移displacement位移角: angle of displacement|angle of slip应变量: dependent variable|strain capacityuniform stress均布应力: uniform stress非均布应力: non-uniform stress均布荷载: uniformly distributed load集中荷载: concentrated load|point load可变集中荷载: variable concentrated load法向集中荷载: normal point load影响线: influence line反力影响线: influence line for reaction影响线方程: equation of the influence line车辆荷载: car load|vehicular load|traffic load计算跨径: calculated span重力加速度: acceleration of gravity膨胀系数: coefficient of expansion|expansivity术语termterminology恒载: dead load|deadloading|permanent load活载: live load楼面活载: floor live load概率分布: probability distribution 联合概率分布: Joint probability distribution,边缘概率分布: Marginal probability distribution,拱腹: soffit|intrados|arch soffit三铰拱: three hinged arch土木工程系: Department of Civil Engineering土木工程师协会: ICE土木工程师协会: Institute of Civil Engineers作用准永久值: quasi－permanentvalueofanaction 直径diameter验算: checking|check calculation验算公式: check formula变形验算: deformation analysis建筑材料tignum刚度rigidityseveritystiffness单元: cell|Unit|module节点node位移方程式: strain displacement equation三维three dimensional 3d插值: Interpolation|interpolate|Spline插值法: interpolation|method of interpolation轴对称axial symmetryrotational symetryaxisymmetric(al)应变矩阵strain matrix应变矩阵: strain matrix单元应变矩阵: element strain matrix应力应变矩阵: stress-strainmatrix阻尼矩阵: damping matrix|daraf|damped matrix 弹性系数矩阵: elastic coefficient matrix雅可比矩阵: Jacobi matrix|jacobian matrix刚度矩阵: stiffness matrix|rigidity matrix质量矩阵: mass matrix|ma matrix节点力: nodal forces等效节点力: equivalent nodal force节点荷载: joint load|nodal loads节点荷载: joint load|nodal loads一致节点荷载: consistent nodal load应力矩阵: stress matrix挠度: deflection|flexivity|flexure转角: corners|intersection angle|rotor angle单元刚度矩阵: element stiffness matrix边界条件: boundary condition|edge conditions疲劳强度: fatigue strength|endurance strength抗疲劳强度: fatigue resistance工程局: construction bureau沉井基础: open caisson foundation水泥cement水泥砂浆cement mortar石膏: Gypsum|plaster|Plaster of Paris简支梁: simply supported beam|simple beam简支梁桥: simple supported girder bridge平衡条件: equilibrium condition|balance condition约束条件: constraint condition|constraint数值解: numerical solution|arithmeticsolution力法: force method|brute force method位移法: displacement method|di lacement method力矩分配法: moment distribution method|moment diagram理论力学: Theoretical Mechanics弹性力学: Theory of Elastic Mechanics结构动力学: Structural Dynamics|Clough高等结构动力学: Advancd Dynamics of Structures测量学: surveying|metrology|geodesy道路工程: road works|highway construction铁路工程: railway engineering|rairoad engineering隧道: Tunnels|subway|underpass轨道: orbit|track|trajectory砂子: sand抗压强度pressive strength焊接技术: Welding Engineering Technology (WET)断裂力学: Fracture Mechanics|fracturing mechanics基础工程: foundation engineering|foundation works 地质学: geology|die Geologie, opl.|geognosy岩土力学: rock mechanics|rock-soil mechanics工程力学: engineering mechanics轴线axes拱脚: arch springing|abutment|spring木桥: timber bridge|wodden bridge|Woodbridge枕木sleeper crosstie残余应力: residual stress|remaining stress 复合应力: combined stress|compound stress初始应力: initial stress|primary stress屈服极限: yield limit|minimum yield|yield strength疲劳屈服极限: fatigue yield limit应力幅值: stress amplitude冲击韧性: impact toughness|Impelling strength反弯点: knick point|pointofcontraflexure桁架: truss|tru|Girder网架结构: space truss structure|grid structure锚孔: anchor eye大跨度: High-span柱: column|pillar|Clmn. Coloumn常微分方程: Ordinary Differentical Equations|ODE|ODEs增大系数: enhancementcoefficient浮桥flying bridge raft bridgepontoon bridge pontoonfloat bridge浮桥: pontoon bridge|pontoon|floating bridge轮渡: Ferry|Ferries|ferry boat钢桥: steel bridge立面图: elevation|elevation drawing|profile背立面图: back elevation平面图: plan|plan view|planar graph泥石流: debris flow|rollsteinfluten|mud-rock flow大型泥石流: macrosolifluction滑坡泥石流: landslide模板: template|die plate, front board|formwork沉降: settlement|sedimentation|subside沉降缝: settlement joint伸缩缝: expansion joint路灯street lamp排水系统: drainage system|sewerage system泄水管: drain pipe|Scupper Pipe|tap pipe土力学: soil mechanics|Bodenmechanik高等土力学: Advanced Soil Mechanics扩展(扩大)基础: spread foundation桩基础: pile foundation|pile footing|Pile砂桩基础: sand pile foundation群桩基础: multi-column pier foundation沉箱基础caisson foundation沉箱基础: caisson foundation|laying foundation管状沉箱基础: cylinder caisson foundation气压沉箱基础: pneumatic caisson foundation桩承台: pile cap|platformonpiles桩: pile|pile group|pale灌注桩: cast-in-place pile|cast in place管灌注桩: driven cast-in-place pile灌注混凝土基础: cast-in-place concrete foundation 承台结构: suspended deck structure工作机理working mechanism铆钉: rivet|rivet riv|clinch bolt卵石: cobble|gravel|pebble钢筋混凝土结构: reinforced concrete structure预应力混凝土结构: prestressed concrete structure软化: softening|mollification|malacia强化: reinforcement|consolidate|intensification固体力学: solid mechanics|механика твердого тела 虚功原理: principle of virtual work偏心距: eccentricity|throw of eccentric偏心距增大系数: amplified coefficient of eccentricity 强度准则: strength criterion变形: Deformation|Transforms|deform工程建设: engineering construction石油工程建设: Petroleum Engineering Construction 偏心受压: eccentric compression偏心受压构件: eccentric compression member弹性支承: elastomeric bearing|yielding support temperature load温度荷载: temperature load施工控制: construction control经纬仪theodolite transit instrument夹具jig tongs clamp切线: tangent|Tangent line,|tangential line水平角: horizontal angle|inclination高程index elevation height altitude沼泽marsh swamp glade水准仪water level公寓apartment砂浆mortar sand pulp骨料skeletal material aggregate骨料级配: aggregate grading|aggregate gradation碱性的: alkalic|basic|alkalescent耐碱性的: alkali-proof风洞试验: wind tunnel test先张法: pre-tensioning|pretensioning method配合比设计: mix design|design of mix proportion 和易性: workability渗透性osmosis penetrability水泥浆: grout|cement slurry|cement paste对称的symmetrical symmetric(al)扭转reverseturn around (an undesirable situation)扭转应力: torsion stress|warping stress容许扭转应力: allowable twisting stress扭转角: angle of torsion|angle of twist夯实回填土: tamped backfill|tamped/compacted backfill圆锥贯入仪: cone penetrometer水化（作用）: hydration水化热: heat of hydration|heat of hydratation振捣器: vibrating tamper|vibrorammer|vibrator板振捣器: slab vibrator破裂fracture burst结合力: binding force|Adhesion|cohesion碎石gravel gravely脆性brittleness脆性材料: brittleness material|brittle material脆性破坏: brittle failure|brittle fracture素混凝土: plain concrete素混凝土结构: plain concrete construction含水量liquid water content钢筋: Reinforcement|bar tendon主钢筋: main reinforcement|Main Reinforcing Steel钢筋条: reinforcement bar|steel bar极限抗拉应力: ultimate tensile strength极限抗拉强度: ultimate tensile strength|UTS混凝土板: concrete slab预制混凝土板: precast concrete plank锚固: anchoring|anchorage|Anchor锚具: anchorage|anchorage device|ground tackle削弱weaken埋置: embedding|elutriator|imbedment预应力钢筋: prestressed reinforcement回弹: resilience|spring back|rebound有说服力的: persuasive|convincing|convictive形心centre of figurecentre of formcentroid重心center of gravity(n) core; main part惯性矩: moment of inertia极惯性矩: polar moment of inertia质心centroid center of mass回转半径: radius of gyration|turning radius容许应力: allowable stress|permissible stress排架: shelving|bent frame|bent桩排架: pile bent纵梁longeron carling横梁: beam|cross beam|transverse beam缆索cable thick rope阻尼damping刚架: rigid frame|frame|stiffframe缀板batten plate缀板: batten plate|stay plate|batte latebatten plate缀板: batten plate|stay plate|batte late上部缀板: upper stay plate推力: thrust|Push|Push Power槽钢channel steel特征值: Eigenvalue,|characteristic value冷拔钢丝: cold drawn wire自振频率: natural frequency of vibration自振周期: natural period of vibration土壤加固工程: soil stabilization works结构加固工程: structural fortification应力分析: stress analysis|stress distribution结构分析: structural analysis|ETABS NL结构稳定性: structural stability结构工程: Structural Engineering|structural works 认可标准: recognized standard|approved standard 官方认可标准: officially recognized standard,再循环: recycle|recirculation|recycling快硬水泥: rapid hardening cement|ferrocrete曲率半径: radius of curvature|curve radius|ρ刚性系数: coefficient of rigidity乡郊地区: rural area饱和saturation饱和密度: saturated density|Saturation density脚手架staging scaffold falsework立体剖面图: sectional axonometric drawing结构控制: structural control收缩量: Shrinkage|amount of shrinkage间距space between 钢管steel tube工字钢桩: steel H pile钢绞线: Steel Strand|Steel Stranded Wire|strand群震: swarm earthquake系统误差: systematic error|fixed error|system error最大剪应力: maximum shear|maximum shearing stress最大剪应变: maximum shear strain千斤顶: jack|lifting jack|Wheeljack地震系数: seismic coefficient|seismic factor。
土木工程专业英语必备词汇
土木工程专业英语必备词汇要学好英语，词汇量是不能少的，如果词汇量多，那英语不会差到哪里。
下面是小编给大家整理的一些土木工程专业英语词汇学习资料，希望对大家有所帮助。
建筑工程英语翻译建筑学 architecture建筑物 building房子 house摩天大楼 skyscraper公寓楼 block of flats (美作:apartment block)纪念碑 monument宫殿 palace庙宇 temple皇宫,教堂 basilica大教堂 cathedral教堂 church塔,塔楼 tower十层办公大楼 ten-storey office block柱 column柱廊 colonnade拱 arch营建许可证,建筑开工许可证 building permission绿地 greenbelt立面elevation设计图 plan/design drawing比例尺 scale预制 to prefabricate挖土,掘土 excavation基 foundations/base打地基 to lay the foundations砌好的砖列 course of bricks脚手架 scaffold, scaffolding质量合格证书 certification of fitness原材料 raw material底板 bottom plate垫层 cushion侧壁 sidewall中心线 center line条形基础 strip footing附件 accessories型钢 profile steel钢板 steel plate熔渣 slag飞溅 welding spatter定位焊 tacking引弧 generating of arc熄弧 quenching of arc焊道 welding bead坡口 beveled edges外观检查 visual inspection重皮 double-skin水平方向弧度 radian in horizontal direction 成型 molding直线度 straightness accuracy焊缝角变形 welding line angular distortion 水平度 levelness铅垂度 verticality翘曲变形 buckling deformation角尺 angle square对接焊缝 butt weld母材 parent metal法兰密封面 flange sealing surface夹层 interlayer表面锈蚀浓度 surface corrosion concentration挠曲变 bending deformation超声波探伤 ultrasonic testing/ ultrasonic examination 压力容器 pressure vessel预制下料 prefabrication baiting排版直径 set-type diameter焊缝 welding line中幅板 center plate测量方法 measuring method基准点 datum mark跳焊 skip welding允许偏差 allowable variation补强板 stiffening plate开孔 tapping对接接头 banjo fixing butt jointing角钢 angle iron安装基准圆 installation fundamental circle吊装立柱 hoisting upright column焊接钢管 welded steel pipe向心斜拉筋 centripetal canting pull rope槽钢胀圈 channel steel expansion ring环口 collar extension局部变形 local distortion顶板 top plate拱顶 vault顶板加强肋 stiffening rib胎具 clamping fixture卷板机 plate bending rolls中心支架 center bearing bracket椭圆度 ovality等分线 bisectrix点焊 spot welding搭接焊 overlap welding对称地 symmetrically螺旋爬梯 cockle stairs放料阀 baiting valve液位计 content gauge集中式空调系统 centralized air conditioning system热源 heat source平面位置的空间 space of planimetric position密封性能 sealing performance连体法兰 coupling flange垂直井笼 vertical well cage变风量 variable air rate管理承包商 Management Contractor工程量 works amount审核 review结构预埋配合阶段 Structure preembedment assistance stage 精装修阶段 Fine fitment stage工程施工阶段 Construction stage工程竣工阶段 Completion stage台钻 Bench drill冲击钻 Churn drill手电钻 Electric portable drill角钢卷圆机 Angle iron rolling machine管道切断器 Pipe cutting machine电动试压泵 Motor-driven pressure test pump手动试压泵 Manual pressure test pump阀门试压机 Valve pressure test device等离子切割机 Plasma cutting machine多普勒超声波流量检测仪 Doppler ultrasonic flow detector温、湿度传感器 Temperature & humidity senor精密声级计 Precision sound level meter风罩式风量测试仪 Air hood air rate tester潜水泵 Submerged pump电动弯管机 Electric pipe bender铜管弯管机 Copper pipe bender液压弯管机 Hydraulic pipe bender电动剪刀 Electric clipper电动空压机 Electric air compressor液压千斤顶 Hydraulic jack压力表 Pressure gauge建筑学常见英语词汇计划建议书 planning proposals 设计任务书 design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图 information drawing 设计基础资料 basic data for design 工艺流程图 process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of designb. stage of design 设计阶段方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判 negotiation 可行性研究 feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图 as built drawingc. climate condition 气象条件日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing winddirection (平均)风速 maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载 wind load (平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning 飓风 hurricane 台风 typhoon 旋风 cyclone 降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量annual rainfall 湿球温度wet bulb temperature 干球温度 dry bulb temperature 冰冻期 frost period 冰冻线frost line 冰冻区frost zone 室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature 采暖地区 region with heating provision 不采暖地区region without heating provision 绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure 相对湿度 relative humidityd. general room name 常用房间名称办公室 office 服务用房 service room 换班室 shift room 休息室rest room (break room) 起居室 living room 浴室 bathroom 淋浴间shower 更衣室 locker room 厕所 lavatory 门厅 lobby 诊室 clinic 工作间workshop 电气开关室switchroom 走廊corridor 档案室archive 电梯机房lift motor room 车库garage 清洁间cleaning room 会议室(正式) conference room 会议室 meeting room 衣柜间ward robe 暖风间h.v.a.c room 饭店restaurant 餐厅canteen, dining room 厨房 kitchen 入口 entrance 接待处 reception area 会计室accountant room 秘书室secretary room 电气室electrical room 控制室 control room 工长室 foreman office 开关柜室 switch gear 前室 antecabinet (ante.) 生产区 production area 马达控制中心mcc 多功能用房utility room 化验室laboratory room 经理室manager room 披屋(阁楼) penthouse 警卫室 guard house。
土木工程专业英语词汇
土木工程专业英语单词Torque 转动扭矩 Impose 施加, 将…强加于Composite 合成的, 复合的Sag 下垂Deflect 偏转, 弯曲, 倾斜Misalignment 安装误差Plaster 灰泥, 灰浆, 涂层Buckling 弯曲, 折曲, 下垂Stiffness 刚度, 刚性 In contradistinction to M 与M截然不同Tension 张力, 拉力 Compression 压缩, 压力Diagrammatic sketch 示意图Ceramics 陶瓷, 陶瓷材料Inertia 惯性 Lifetime 使用寿命Iterative 反复的, 迭代的 Durability 耐久性, 持久性Pinpoint 准确定位, 针尖 Evolve 经过实验研究得出Statics 静力学 Strength of materials 材料力学Deformation 变形Influx 流入, 灌注Distortion 变形Boring machine 镗床Boom 吊杆, 悬臂, 起重杆 Dragline 拉铲挖土级, 挖掘斗Gray cast iron 灰铸铁Modulus of elasticity 弹性模量Rigidity 刚性, 刚度, 稳定性 Slip 滑度, 打滑Creep 蠕变 Yield 屈服于, 屈服Rupture 破裂, 断裂, 破坏 Load-carrying capacity 承载能力Terminology 专用名词 Helical spring 螺旋型弹簧Concentrated 集中的, 浓缩的 Distribute 分布, 分发, 散布Resultant 合力, 合成的 Centroid 矩心, 重心Torsional 扭的, 转的Bending 挠曲, 弯曲Flexural 弯曲的, 挠性的 couple 对, 双, 力偶Non-load-bearing 非承重 brittle 脆弱的, 脆性的ASTM 美国材料试验学会BSI 英国标准学会SAA 澳大利亚标准学会 Passage 一段, 一节Plastic deformation 塑性变形moisture content 含水量Timber 木材 veracity 诚实, 真实性Ready-mixed concrete 预拌混凝土building contractor 建筑承包商Hydraulic press 水压机 grading 分等, 分类, 级配Fatigue 疲劳ductility 可延展性Toughness 韧性 stress-strain curve 应力－应变曲线Durability 耐久性, 耐用年限 chloride 氯化物, 漂白粉Sulphate 硫酸盐alkali 碱性, 碱Permeability 渗透性, 透气性 weathering 风化Disruptive 分裂的, 摧毁的 thaw 融化, 解冻Entrain 携带, 传输 leaching 浸出, 溶析Carbonation 炭化作用blasting 破裂, 吹风Attrition 磨损 cavity 洞穴Hydraulic structure 水工建筑物 pervious 透水的, 透光的Aggregate 集料, 骨料 homogeneous 均质的, 均匀的Compact 压实, 捣紧 kerb 路缘, 道牙Air-entrained concrete 加气混凝土 glaze 珐琅质, 上釉Stainless steel 不锈钢galvanize 电镀Gutter 排水沟, 楼都不 humidity 湿度, 湿气Porous 多孔的, 疏松的 spectrum 谱Infrared 红外的, 产生红外辐射的 ultraviolet 紫外的Gravel 砾石, 卵石 anodized 受过阳极化处理的Hydrate 水合物reinforcement 加强, 加固Spall 剥落, 散裂 erosion 侵蚀, 腐蚀Abrasion 磨损, 磨耗 quarry 方形砖Eddy 涡流, 漩涡运动 reinforcing steel 钢筋Reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 reinforcing bar 钢筋Longitudinal 长度的, 纵向的, 轴向的 dispose 处置Incline 倾斜, 弄斜 moment 力矩Bond 结合, 结合力, 粘合力 interlock 连动, 连接Forestall 阻止, 预防 embed 放入, 埋入Prestressing steel 预应力钢筋 rebar 钢筋Splice 接头 congestion 充满Form 模坂 ACI 美国混凝土协会Code 法规, 规程 galvanize 电镀Undue 过度的, 过分的 BS 英国标准Blending machine 弯筋机mandrel 芯棒Jig 夹具 dowel 夹缝丁, 暗销Wire clip 钢丝剪reference number 参考号数Mill scale 热轧钢表面氧化皮spacer 隔离物Clip 夹子, 剪刀slab 板, 块, 楼板Cradle 吊架, 托架, 支架chair 托架, 支板Mild steel 低碳钢 tack 图钉, 点焊焊缝Hydraulic 水力的, 液力的 additive 添加剂Admixture 外加剂 binder 胶结剂Aggregate 聚集, 结合, 骨料, 填料aerate 充气Aerate concrete 加气混凝土cellular 蜂窝状的Portland 波特兰水泥 pulverize 粉化, 磨碎Granulate 成粒状, 轧碎 blastfurnace 高炉, 鼓风炉Slag 矿渣, 炉渣 pigment 颜料, 色料Retarder 延迟剂, 缓凝剂accelerator 加速剂, 促凝剂Curing (混凝土)养护compaction 压实, 捣实Ambient 周围的, 外界的shrinkage 收缩, 下沉, 压缩Autoclave 蒸压器, 热压处理 frost 粗糙的, 无光泽的Efflorescence 风化, 粉化, 粉化物 sodium 钠Calcium 钙potassium 钾Carbonate 炭化 pozzolana 火山灰Sulphate 硫酸盐autoclaved aerated concrete 高压蒸养加气混凝土Hard-burnt 高温焙烧的, 炼制的 veneer 镶片, 砌面, 表层Mallet 木锤, 大锤 chisel 凿子Mold 模子, 模具mass production 大量生产Update 使现代化trade journal 行业杂志Periodical 定期的, 定期刊行的 editorial board 编辑委员会Beholder 旁观者 ordinance 规格, 条例, 法令Suspended structure 悬吊结构 joist 梁, 垳条Through bridge 下承桥 chord 弦杆Bracing 拉条, 支撑 web-girder 腹板大梁Box-girder 箱梁 plan view 平面图Outline 外形, 剖面 drawing 附图Bills of materials 材料清单radiator 散热器General arrangement 总体布置detail drawing 详图Cladding 包层, 包壳 panel 面板, 仪表盘GA drawing 总体平面图 zoom 变焦距In situ 原地, 在原地cumbersome 笨重的, 麻烦的Parameterized 参数化 specification 详细说明, 规范Verify 校验, 验证, 说明homogeneous 均匀的, 对等的Buckling 弯曲, 翘曲, 弯折 deterministic 确定的, 决定的Probabilistic 概率的, 随机的 deviation 偏差, 偏移, 参数Psychological 心理的, 精神的 cross-section 横断面, 横截面Amortization 阻尼 proof-load 检验荷载Field 场地, 工地survey 调查, 测量, 勘察Intrinsic 内在的, 固有的 stochastic 随机的, 不确定的Seismic 地震的, 与地震有关的 single load 集中荷载Foundation 基础, 地基gravity 重力Lateral 横向的, 侧面的 transient 瞬时的, 不稳定的Basement 底座, 基础, 地下室 erratic 反复无常的, 无规律的Footing 基础, 基脚, 底座, 垫层overdesign 保险设计Underdesign 欠安全设计 appurtenance 附属物, 附属设备Firewall 防火墙parapet 栏杆, 护墙, 女儿墙Remold 改造, 改型, 重铸 ductwork 管道系统, 管网Tenant 租用 latitude 纬度, 宽度, 范围Tributary 支流, 附庸, 辅助的cantilever 悬臂, 悬臂梁, 支架Provision 预防, 规定, 条款 overload 超载, 超重Reference 参考书 uncertainty 不确定性Slighting 轻蔑的, 不尊重的 likelihood 像有, 相似Pef = pounds per cubic foot 磅/平方英尺reliability 可靠性, 安全性Methodology 方法论 shield 屏蔽Shield 屏蔽, 遮护 without recourse to 不依赖Reason 推理, 论证 weir 堰, 拦河堰Spillway 溢洪道, 泻水道clause 条款项目Deploy 适用, 配置 filler wall 填充墙, 柱间墙Shear wall 剪力墙ignorance 外行Up-to-date 现代的, 最新likewise 同样Bucket 吊斗, 挖斗 wheelarrow 手推车, 独轮小车Buggy 手推车, 小斗车segregation 分凝, 离析Chute 斜槽 place 场所, 浇筑Lift 混凝土浇筑层, , 升降机displacement 偏移Compact 夯实 honeycomb 蜂窝结构Tamping 夯实, 捣固, 捣实 spinkling 喷洒Calcium chloride 氯化钙 settlement 沉陷Grout 水浆, 灌浆cohesive 粘聚的, 粘结的Workable 和易性好的,塑性的slump 坍塌度Workability 可塑性 air-entraining 加气的Deposit 存储, 浇注consolidation 加固, 压实Bleeding 渗漏subsidence 沉降, 下降Laitance 水泥浮浆 float 镘刀, 抹子Capillary 毛细管的, 毛细现象 flash set 急凝Aluminate 铝酸盐 burlap 麻袋, 粗麻布Membrane 膜, 隔板 emulsion 乳胶体, 乳液Polyethylene 聚乙烯 waterproof 防水Harden 硬化, 凝固 gravel 砾石, 卵石Immersion 浸入, 插入 headroom 净空高度, 头上空间Nominal 铭牌的, 名义的 power-driven 动力驱动的, 电动的External vibrator 表面振捣器 architect 建筑师Nonhomogeneous 不均匀的, 多相的creep 蠕变Shrink 缩小structure code 结构规范Ultimate strength 极限强度 load factor 荷载系数From M onwards 从m算起来 prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土Faulty 有缺点的, 报废的, 不合格的 embed 放入, 埋入Abutment 桥台,岸墩 thrust 推, 轴向力Jack 千斤顶, 支柱 motorway 汽车道, 快车道Tendon 钢筋束, 筋post-tensioned prestressing 后张法预应力Pre-tensioned prestressing 先张法预应力 manoeuvrable 机动的, 容易驾驶的Plain concrete 无筋混凝土 precompression 预加压力, 预先压缩Leak 漏, 渗漏camber 弯度, 曲度, 凸形Proportioning 使成比例, 确定几何尺寸 analogous 类似的, 类比的, 模拟的With reference to 参考, 参照, 关于centroid 矩心, 面积矩心, 质心Refinement 精制, 改善, 改进 bond 结合, 粘合, 粘合强度Transmit 传递, 寄, 传送 interlocking 可联动的, 联锁Plain bar 光面钢筋, 无结钢筋 formed bar 变形钢筋, 竹结钢筋Hoop 环, 箍, 铁箍tie 拉杆, 系杆Stirrup 箍筋, 钢筋箍 crushing 压碎, 轧碎Bearing 承载, 承受, 支撑点 bearing pressure 支承压力Rib 肋, 棱, perimeter 周边, 周长, 周界Blanketing 覆盖, 包上, 掩盖 mortar 砂浆, 灰浆, 灰泥Bentonite 膨润土, 膨土岩 trench 沟槽, 沟道, 沟管Tremie 混凝土导管（水下浇筑用） full prestressing 全预应力Partial prestressing 部分预应力reservoir 水库, 蓄水池Eccentric 偏心的, 呈偏心运动的, 偏心器 counteract 中和, 平衡Intermitterntly 间隙的, 断续的, 周期的 infrequent 不常见的, 稀少的Objectionable 不能采用的, 不适宜的reverse 颠倒的, 改变方向的, 交换的Cement paste 水泥浆sack 袋, 包, 一包, 一袋Water-cement ratio 水灰比trial-batch （混凝土）小量试拌Slump test 坍塌度试验 truncate 缩短, 截去Air-entraining agent 加气剂 plasticizer 增塑剂, 塑化剂revolving-drum mixer 转筒式搅拌机 ready-mixed 运送时搅拌的transit0mixed 运送时拌的 batch 配料, 分批配料congested 拥挤的, 充塞的 haul 搬运, 运输discharge 卸货, 卸载 hopper 漏斗, 装料车batching plant 拌和厂 batching 配料, 定配合比ecclesiastical 基督教会的, 教士的 landmark 陆标, 里程碑, 界标mobility 可动性, 机动性, 流动性 topographical 地形的, 地形测量的subservient 辅助性的tax 使受压力, 负担shear wall core 剪力墙筒体 prefabrication 预制的, 预制品slip-formwork 滑模 crane 起重机, 用起重机吊codify 编成法典, 编纂 elevator 升降机escalator 升降梯, 自动扶梯drift 漂移, 位移prescribe 规定, 命令, 指示I-beam 工字梁, 工字钢masonry 砖石工程, 砌筑体staircase 楼梯lofty 高耸的, 极高的condominium 各住户认购各自一套公寓楼brace 支撑, 支柱bundle 捆, 扎, 粘合soaring 高耸的, 高涨的 tributary 支流, 从属的prototype 原型, 样机web 腹板, 梁板torsion 扭转, 转矩 orthogonal 互相垂直的, 正交的, 直角的stiffen 加强, 加固 urbanization 都市化habitation 住宅, 住所deterrent 制止物, 威慑因素premium 奖金, 质量改进的clutter 混乱, 干扰, 弄乱multi-discipline 多学科pedestrian 行人, 步行者plaza 广场, 大空地sway 摇, 摆动overturn 倾倒, 翻转 clear span 净高clear spacing 净距 zoning 分区, 区域化excavation 挖掘, 挖方 overlook 检查, 监督interim 间歇底, 暂时的empiricism 经验主义elastoplastic 弹塑性的subset 子系统compartmentalize 间隔化,隔开,分段 mantle 罩,外壳,地幔erosion 侵蚀,冲刷,磨损 waterborne 水生的,水力运输的boulder 漂砾,大块石 cobble 圆石,鹅软石pebble 小软石,小砾石 degradation 剥蚀,退化avalanche 山崩,坍方,崩塌 stratum 地层,岩层meandering 曲折的,弯曲的,曲流的 stratified 有层次的,分层的water table 地下水位 detritus 瓦砾,腐质percolation 渗透,渗滤 soil profile 土壤剖面,土层剖面residual soil 残积土transported soil 运积土ground water 地下水superstructure 上层结构earth fill 土堤substructure 下部结构,基础工事demarcation 分界线 sanitary 环境卫生的sanitary fill 垃圾堆积场reclamation 废料回收,改造,垦殖disposal 处理,清理,处置boring 钻探,打眼mat 席,垫,钢筋网 caisson 沉箱retaining-wall 挡土墙uneven settlement 不均匀沉降overburden 超载,过载 strap beam 搭扣形梁unsound 不坚固的,不牢固的pile 桩,打桩hardpan 硬土层,坚固基础 raft 筏,木排combined footing 联合基础 cantilever footing 悬臂基础raft of floating foundation 筏式基础或浮筏基础soil mass 土体pile shaft 桩身 stratum 地层, 矿层end-bearing pile 端承桩 uplift 举起, 抬起water table 地下水位scour 冲刷, 洗涤deposit 沉积, 浇注, 矿床 soil-exploration 土质勘察footing 基础, 基脚, 底座 strip 带, 条, 狭长片raft 筏, 垫板 capital 柱头fixity 固定, 不变eccentric 偏心的, 不同圆心的nonuniformity 不均匀性, 不均质性 scheduling 编制时间表drain 消耗, 耗尽premium 奖金, 佣金hold up 阻碍procurement 取得, 获得, 采购vector 矢量, 向量prerequisite 先决条件, 前提concurrent 同时进行的, 并行的 lead time 产品设计至实际投产时间litigation 诉讼, 打官司 chronological 按时间顺序的hoist 卷扬机, 起重机 utility 实用的, 公用事业utility line 公用事业管线 accrue 产生, 出现dismantle 拆除, 拆卸 remuneration 酬劳, 报酬commensurate 同量的, 相应的 degenerate into 简化成, 变质成in-house 机构内部的 critical path 关键路径lay down 规定, 制定计划 wearing surface 磨耗面base course 基层 asphalt 柏油landscaping 风景设计, 风景布置 bulldozer 推土机, 压路机vibrating roller 振动压路机 bitumen 沥青grill 格栅, 铁格网mesh 网, 网格, 筛concrete train 混凝土铺路机组 slipform paver 滑模铺路机hold in place 把…固定在引诱的位置runway 跑道, 通道Tokaido line 新干线 catalyst 触媒, 催化剂Side-effect 副作用 decentralization 分散, 疏散Unity 整体, 单元 outstrip 超过Crude 天然的, 原油piecemeal 片断, 点Ferment 酵素, 发酵, 蓬勃发展 underlying 基础的, 根本的Geographer 地理学家 operations research 运筹学Cable-stayed 斜拉的, 张拉的 girder 梁, 垳, 梁杆Cast-in-place 现场浇筑的 AASHT美国洲际公路及运输工作者协会AREA 美国铁路工程师协会 crossing 交叉, 十字路口Pier 桥墩 elevated 高架的, 高的, 高架铁路Clearance 间隙, 净空, 间距 segment 部分, 段Dominance 支配, 控制, 优势 one-way slab 单向配筋板Versus 与…的关系曲线 statically determinate structure 静定结构Skew 斜的, 扭的, 弯曲的on-site 现场的, 就地的, 工地Shear key 受剪键bituminous concrete 沥青混凝土Dissipate 清除, 消除 composite structure 混合结构Acronym 缩写词, 缩语chore 零星工作, 零活In the foreseeable future 在可遇见的未来一段时间内 impetus 动力, 刺激Draughtsman 绘图员, 起草者 repetitious 重复的, 反复的Mundane 世间的, 世俗的jargon 行话, 术语, 难懂的话Level 水平, 水位, 水平仪 theodolite 精密经纬仪Envision 想象, 遇见, 展望contour map 等高线, 地形图Plat 地段, 地区图, 地段图grading 校准, 定标, 土工修正Stake 标桩, 定位木桩picture 图画, 设想, 想象Cut 挖土, 挖方 fill 填筑, 填方, 填土, 路堤Borrow 取土, 采料, 采料场 indeterminate structure 超静定结构Myriad 万, 无数, 无数的 photogrammetry 摄影测绘sGeotechnical engineering 岩土工程 mass transit 公共交通Transmission line 输电线infiltrate 渗入, 渗透Estimator 估价者, 评价者rival 对手, 竞争, 比得上Off-the-shelf 现成的, 成品的, 畅销的 afterthought 回想, 反省, 后悔, 马后炮Timeliness 及时, 时间性, 好时机 inception 开始, 起头, 开端Culminate 达到顶点, 结束 beneficiary 受益人, 受惠人Outset 开始, 最初 working drawing 施工图Prescribe 规定, 命令 delineation 描绘, 描述Co-ordinate 相同, 同等的事物 prerogative 特权, 特性Board of directors 董事会 estimating 估价Margin 边缘, 余量, 余地tender 投标, 承包, 标件Incisive 尖锐的, 深刻的, 透彻的 realm 范围, 部门, 类Forethought 预先考虑好的modus 方法, 程式Modus operandi 做法, 方法, 工作方式nullify 废弃, 取消Indispensable 不可缺少的, 必需的 corollary 推论, 结果Doom 毁灭, 灭亡, 判决 obverse 较显著面Tactical 战术的, 策略的deployment 部署, 调度, 配置Ensemble 整体, 总效果 pictorial 绘图的, 插图的Dispassionate 冷静的, 不带偏见的 prognosis 预测, 预报Ubiquitous 普遍存在的, 随遇的 denominator 分母, 标准Handmaiden 起陪衬作用的 liken 比拟Jobbing 做临时工trade journal 行业期刊Cost plus 附加费 premise 前提, 房产Speculation 投机, 投机买卖sub-contractor 转包商, 分包商Order 订单 on-cost 杂费, 间接成本Microfiche 缩微胶片, 平片。
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering5 地下工程 Underground Engineering6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics精品文库43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment52 扭矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 principal stress58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection61 沉降settlement62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline82 期刊 journal periodical83 文献literature84 国际标准刊号ISSN International Standard Serial Number精品文库85 国际标准书号ISBN International Standard Book Number86 卷 volume87 期 number88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis dissertation91 专利 patent92 档案档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索引EI Engineering Index99 科学引文索引SCI Science Citation Index100 科学技术会议论文集索引ISTP Index to Science and Tec hnology Proceedings101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工程师协会ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers109 联邦公路总署FHWA Federal Highway Administration110 国际标准组织ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范 Specification Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2.foundation engineering 基础工程3.soil earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学5.cyclic loading 周期荷载6.unloading 卸载7.reloading 再加载8.viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基9.viscous damping 粘滞阻尼10.shear modulus 剪切模量精品文库11.soil dynamics 土动力学12.stress path 应力路径13.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位3.clay minerals 粘土矿物4.secondary minerals 次生矿物ndslides 滑坡6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8.boulder 漂石9.cobble 卵石10.gravel 砂石11.gravelly sand 砾砂12.coarse sand 粗砂13.medium sand 中砂14.fine sand 细砂15.silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉质粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt 粘质粉土22.saturated soil 饱和土23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土24.fill (soil) 填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土28.zonal soil 区域性土29.soft clay 软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil 冻土24.degree of saturation 饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会精品文库四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling 砂沸5.flow net 流网6.seepage 渗透（流）7.leakage 渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force 渗透力11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩11.bearing capacity 承载力12.soil mass 土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load 集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18.strip footing 条基19.square spread footing 方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement 沉降27.deformation 变形28.casing 套管精品文库29.dike=dyke 堤（防）30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组31.physical properties 物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil 级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力36.shear stresses 剪应力37.principal plane 主平面38.major (intermediate minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数pression index 压缩指数47.swelling index 回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力49.additional stress 附加应力50.total stress 总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖（挖方）2 dewatering （基坑）降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point system 井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七.深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础1)cast –in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩6.shaft 竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8.pile caps 承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩18.uplift pile 抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt 桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan 桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35.pile cushion 桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验38.pile shoe 桩靴39.pile noise 打桩噪音40.pile rig 打桩机九.固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结10.secondary consolidation 次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度12.consolidation test 固结试验13.consolidation curve 固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力12.failure criterion 破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型6.Du ncan-Chang model 邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening 加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface 屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory 朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角2.Bishop method 毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七.浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础8.flexible foundation 柔性基础9.emxxxxbedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD)paction test 击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验12.sieve analysis 筛分析13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪16.direct shear test 直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test 原位试验第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering5 地下工程 Underground Engineering6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics精品文库41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment52 扭矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 principal stress58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection61 沉降settlement62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline82 期刊 journal periodical精品文库83 文献literature84 国际标准刊号ISSN International Standard Serial Number85 国际标准书号ISBN International Standard Book Number86 卷 volume87 期 number88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis dissertation91 专利 patent92 档案档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索引EI Engineering Index99 科学引文索引SCI Science Citation Index100 科学技术会议论文集索引ISTP Index to Science and Tec hnology Proceedings101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工程师协会ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers109 联邦公路总署FHWA Federal Highway Administration110 国际标准组织ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范 Specification Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2.foundation engineering 基础工程3.soil earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学5.cyclic loading 周期荷载6.unloading 卸载7.reloading 再加载8.viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基精品文库9.viscous damping 粘滞阻尼10.shear modulus 剪切模量11.soil dynamics 土动力学12.stress path 应力路径13.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位3.clay minerals 粘土矿物4.secondary minerals 次生矿物ndslides 滑坡6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8.boulder 漂石9.cobble 卵石10.gravel 砂石11.gravelly sand 砾砂12.coarse sand 粗砂13.medium sand 中砂14.fine sand 细砂15.silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉质粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt 粘质粉土22.saturated soil 饱和土23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土24.fill (soil) 填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土28.zonal soil 区域性土29.soft clay 软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil 冻土24.degree of saturation 饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度精品文库45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling 砂沸5.flow net 流网6.seepage 渗透（流）7.leakage 渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force 渗透力11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩11.bearing capacity 承载力12.soil mass 土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load 集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18.strip footing 条基19.square spread footing 方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement 沉降精品文库27.deformation 变形28.casing 套管29.dike=dyke 堤（防）30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组31.physical properties 物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil 级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力36.shear stresses 剪应力37.principal plane 主平面38.major (intermediate minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数pression index 压缩指数47.swelling index 回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力49.additional stress 附加应力50.total stress 总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖（挖方）2 dewatering （基坑）降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point system 井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七.深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础1)cast –in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩6.shaft 竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8.pile caps 承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩18.uplift pile 抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt 桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan 桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35.pile cushion 桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验38.pile shoe 桩靴39.pile noise 打桩噪音40.pile rig 打桩机九.固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结10.secondary consolidation 次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度12.consolidation test 固结试验13.consolidation curve 固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力12.failure criterion 破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型6.Du ncan-Chang model 邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening 加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface 屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theo ry 朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角2.Bishop method 毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七.浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础8.flexible foundation 柔性基础9.emxxxxbedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD)paction test 击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验12.sieve analysis 筛分析13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪16.direct shear test 直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test 原位试验。
土木工程专业常用英语词汇
土木工程专业常用英语词汇第一节普通术语3. 房屋建造工程building engineering4. 土木工程civil engineering除房屋建造外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建造物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所举行的勘察、计划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
5. 马路工程highway engineering10. 建造物（构筑物）construction works房屋建造或土木工程中的单项工程实体。
11. 结构structure12. 基础foundation13. 地基foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground14. 木结构timber structure16. 钢结构steel structure17. 混凝土（砼）结构concrete structure18. 特种工程结构special engineering structure22. 马路highway24. 高速马路freeway27. 铁路（铁道）railway; railroad28. 标准轨距铁路standard gauge railway29. 宽轨距铁路broad gauge railway第四节桥、涵洞和隧道术语1. 桥bridge2. 简支梁桥simple supported girder bridge3. 延续梁桥continuous girder bridge5. 斜拉（斜张）桥cable stayed bridge6. 悬索（吊）桥suspension bridge7. 桁架桥trussed bridge9．刚构（刚架）桥rigid frame bridge10．拱桥arch bridge13．正交桥right bridge14．斜交桥skew bridge16．高架桥viaduct17．正（主）桥main span18．引桥approach span19．弯桥curved bridge21．马路铁路两用桥combined bridge; highway and railway transit bridge 25．桥跨结构（上部结构）bridge superstructure26．桥面系bridge floor system27．桥支座bridge bearing; bridge support28．桥下部结构bridge substructure29．索塔（桥塔）bridge tower30．桥台abutment31．桥墩pier32．涵洞culvert第六节结构构件和部件术语1．构件member2．部件component; assembly parts3．截面section4．梁beam; girder5．拱arch6．板slab; plate8．柱column10．桁架truss11．框架frame12．排架bent frame13．刚架（刚构）rigid frame14．简支梁simply supported beam15．悬臂梁cantilever beam16．两端固定梁beam fixed at both ends17．延续梁continuous beam19．桩pile20．板桩sheet pile34. 钢轨rail第七节地基和基础术语1. 扩展(扩大)基础spread foundation2. 刚性基础rigid foundation3. 自立基础single footing4. 联合基础combined footing5. 条形基础strip foundation6. 壳体基础shell foundation7. 箱形基础box foundation8. 筏形基础raft foundation9. 桩基础pile foundation10. 沉井基础open caisson foundation11. 管柱基础cylinder pile foundation ; cylinder caisson foundation12. 沉箱基础caisson foundation1. 可靠性reliability2. 安全性safety3. 适用性serviceability4. 耐久性durability5. 基本变量basic variable6. 设计基准期design reference period7. 可靠概率probability of survival8. 失效概率probability of failure9. 可靠指标reliability index12. 概率设计法probabilistic method13. 容许应力设计法permissible (allowable) stresses method14. 破坏强度设计法ultimate strength method15. 极限状态设计法limit states method16. 极限状态limit states17. 极限状态方程limit state equation18. 承载能力极限状态ultimate limit states19. 正常使用极限状态serviceability limit states20. 分项系数partial safety factor21. 设计情况design situation22. 持久情况persistent situation23. 短暂情况transient situation24. 偶尔情况accidental situation1. 作用action2. 荷载load3. 线分布力force per unit length4. 面分布力force per unit area5. 体分布力force per unit volume6. 力矩moment of force7. 永远作用permanent action8. 可变作用variable action9. 偶尔作用accidental action10．固定作用fixed adtion11．自由(可动)作用. Free action12. 静态作用static action13. 动态作用dynamic action14. 多次重复作用repeated action; cyclic action16. 自重self weight17. 施工荷载site load18. 土压力earth pressure19. 温度作用temperature action20. 地震作用earthquake action22．风荷载wind load23．风振wind vibration24. 雪荷载snow load27．桥（桥梁）荷载load on bridge28．桥（桥梁）恒荷载dead load on bridge29．桥（桥梁）活荷载live load on bridge30．马路车辆荷载标准Standard highway vehicle load31．中国铁路标准活载Standard Railway Live Load Specified by the People’sRepublic of China44．作用代表值representative value of an action45．作用标准值characteristic value of an action46．作用准永远值quasi-permanent value of an action47．作用组合值combination value of actions48．作用分项系数partial safety factor for action49．作用设计值design value of an action50．作用组合值系数coeffcient for combination value of actions 51．作用效应effects of actions52．作用效应系数coefficient of effects of actions53．轴向力normal force\axial force54．剪力shear force55．弯矩bending moment57．扭矩torque58．应力stress59．正应力normal stress60．剪应力shear stress; tangential stress61．主应力principal stress62．预应力prestress63．位移displacement64．挠度deflection65．变形deformation66．弹性变形elastic deformation67．塑性变形plastic deformation70．应变strain71．线应变linear strain72．剪应变shear strain; tangential strain73．主应变principal strain74．作用效应组合combination for action effects75．作用效应基本组合fundamental combination for action effects 77．短期效应组合combination for short-term action effects 78．持久效应组合combination for long-term action effects 79．设计限值limiting design value1．抗力resistance2．强度strength3．抗压强度compressive strength4．抗拉强度tensile strength5．抗剪强度shear strength6．抗弯强度flexural strength7．屈服强度yield strength8．疲劳强度fatigue strength9．极限应变ultimate strain10．弹性模量modulus of elasticity11.剪变模量shear modulus12．变形模量modulus of deformation13．泊松比Poisson ratio14．承载能力bearing capacity15．受压承载能力compressive capacity16．受拉承载能力tensile capacity17．受剪承载能力shear capacity18．受弯承载能力flexural capacity19．受扭承载能力torsional capacity20．疲劳承载能力fatigue capacity21．刚度stiffness; rigidity22．抗裂度crack resistance23．极限变形ultimate deformation24．稳定性stability26．脆性破坏brittle failure27．延性破坏ductile failure30．材料性能分项系数partial safety factor for property of material。
土木工程专业英语词汇
土木工程专业英语词汇土木工程专业英语词汇大全土木工程专业培养掌握各类土木工程学科的基本理论和基本知识，能在房屋建筑、地下建筑(含矿井建筑)、道路、隧道、桥梁建筑、水电站、港口及近海结构与设施、给水排水和地基处理等领域从事规划、设计、施工、管理和研究工作的高级工程技术人才。
以下是土木工程专业的专业英语词汇，一起来看看吧。
geotechnical engineering综合类大地工程back analysis method综合类反分析法foundation engineering综合类基础工程critical state soil mechanics综合类临界状态土力学numerical geomechanics综合类数值岩土力学soil, earth综合类土soil dynamics综合类土动力学soil mechanics综合类土力学geotechnical engineering综合类岩土工程stress path综合类应力路径stress path method综合类应力路径法metamorphic rock工程地质及勘察变质岩standard frost penetration工程地质及勘察标准冻深glacial deposit工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit工程地质及勘察冰积层(台)eluvial soil, residual soil工程地质及勘察残积土beding工程地质及勘察层理feldspar工程地质及勘察长石sedimentary rock工程地质及勘察沉积岩confined water工程地质及勘察承压水secondary mineral工程地质及勘察次生矿物geological age工程地质及勘察地质年代geological map工程地质及勘察地质图groundwater工程地质及勘察地下水fault工程地质及勘察断层fracture structure工程地质及勘察断裂构造engineering geological exploration工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察marine deposit工程地质及勘察海积层(台)marine deposit工程地质及勘察海相沉积granite工程地质及勘察花岗岩landslide工程地质及勘察滑坡fossil工程地质及勘察化石chemical sedimentary rock工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩terrace工程地质及勘察阶地joint工程地质及勘察节理cleavage工程地质及勘察解理karst工程地质及勘察喀斯特hardness of minerals工程地质及勘察矿物硬度conglomerate工程地质及勘察砾岩flow slide工程地质及勘察流滑continental sedimentation工程地质及勘察陆相沉积mud flow, debris flow工程地质及勘察泥石流clay minerals工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物tuff工程地质及勘察凝灰岩ox-bow lake工程地质及勘察牛轭湖hypabyssal rock工程地质及勘察浅成岩ground water工程地质及勘察潜水intrusive rock工程地质及勘察侵入岩geotome工程地质及勘察取土器sandstone工程地质及勘察砂岩spit, sand spit工程地质及勘察砂嘴rock pressure工程地质及勘察山岩压力plutionic rock工程地质及勘察深成岩limestone工程地质及勘察石灰岩quartz工程地质及勘察石英rickle工程地质及勘察松散堆积物confined ground water工程地质及勘察围限地下水(台) lagoon工程地质及勘察泻湖rock burst工程地质及勘察岩爆attitude of rock工程地质及勘察岩层产状magmatic rock, igneous rock工程地质及勘察岩浆岩dike, dgke工程地质及勘察岩脉degree of rock weathering工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度structure of rock工程地质及勘察岩石构造texture of rock工程地质及勘察岩石结构rock mass工程地质及勘察岩体shale工程地质及勘察页岩primary mineral工程地质及勘察原生矿物mica工程地质及勘察云母rock-forming mineral工程地质及勘察造岩矿物fold, folding工程地质及勘察褶皱bore hole columnar section工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图saturated soil土的分类饱和土overconsolidated soil土的分类超固结土dredger fill土的分类冲填土frozen soil, tjaele土的分类冻土unsaturated soil土的分类非饱和土dispersive soil土的分类分散性土silt, mo土的分类粉土silty clay土的分类粉质粘土kaolinite土的分类高岭石overconsolidated soil土的分类过压密土(台)red clay, adamic earth土的分类红粘土loess, huangtu(China)土的分类黄土montmorillonite土的.分类蒙脱石peat, bog muck土的分类泥炭clay土的分类年粘土cohesive soil, clayey soil土的分类年粘性土expansive soil, swelling soil土的分类膨胀土underconsolidated soil土的分类欠固结粘土zonal soil土的分类区域性土fill, artificial soil土的分类人工填土soft clay, mildclay, mickle土的分类软粘土sand土的分类砂土collapsible loess, slumping loess土的分类湿陷性黄土plain fill土的分类素填土plasticity chart土的分类塑性图stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus土的分类碎石土underconsolidated clay土的分类未压密土(台)cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil土的分类无粘性土。
土木工程专业英语词汇
专业英语词汇AAabandoned hole 报废孔ablation 消融（作用）abnormal curve 非正常曲线abnormal value 异常值abrasion 磨蚀absence 缺失absolute coordinates 绝对坐标absolute elevation 绝对高度；海拔absolute error 绝对误差absolute level 绝对标高absorbability 吸附力absorbed water 吸着水absorbing well 吸水井；注水井；渗水井accelerated consolidation 加速加固acceleration 加速度acceptance test 验收试验accepted scale 采用的比例尺acceptence of work 工程验收access road 通道，便道accidental error 偶然误差accretion of river bottom 河底淤高accretion of sand 淤砂accretion 淤积accumulated value 累计值accumulation curve 累积曲线accumulation terrace 洪积阶地accuracy of calibration 标定精度accuracy of measurement 量测精度accuracy of observation 观测精度accuracy of reading 读数精度accuracy 精度acidimetry 酸量滴定法acidity and alkalinity test 酸碱度试验action 作用active surface of sliding 主动(土压力的)滑动面active drainage area 有效排水面积active earth pressure 主动土压力active fault 活断层active pile 主动桩active remote sensing 人工源遥感active seismical area 地震活动区active stabilizer 活性加固剂active state of plastic equilibrium 主动塑性平衡状态active tectonic system 活动性构造体系active water 活性水activity 活性actual error 真误差actual load 实际荷载actual measurement 实测 actual state 现状additional load 附加荷载adfreezing force 冻附力adfreezing strength 冻附强度adhesion 粘聚力adhesive water 薄膜水adjust 调整，对准adjustment of coordinates 坐标平差adjustment of observation 观察平差adjustment 调整，对准admissible load 容许荷载admixture 掺合物adsorbed layer 吸附层adsorption 吸附作用aeolian plain 风成平原aeolian soil 风积土aeration zone 饱气带aeroview 鸟瞰图age determination 年代测定age 年代ageing 老化aggregate 骨料agitator 搅拌器A-horizon 淋溶层air permeability 透气性air tight 不透气的air-dried soil 风干土air-lock 气闸air-water surface 气水结合面alimentation area 补给区A-line A 线（塑性图〕alkali soil 碱土alkaline soil 碱性土all-around pressure 周围压力allowable amplitude 容许振幅allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力allowable error 容许误差allowable load 容许荷载allowable pile bearing load 单桩容许荷载allowable pile load 桩的容许荷载allowable settlement 容许沉降量allowable value 容许值alluvial apron 山麓冲积扇alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地 alluvial valley 冲积河谷 alluviation 冲积（作用） alluvium 冲积层alternating current induced polarzation alternating load 交变荷载 alternating strain 交变应变 alternating stress 交变应力 alternation 互层altitude survey 高程测量 altitude 高程；高度 ambient pressure 围压 amended plan 修正方案amount of compression 压缩量 amount of deflection 扰度 amount 数量amplification factor 放大因数 amplitude of vibration 振幅 amplitude 振幅，幅度 analysis of strain 应变分析 analysis of stress 应力分析 analysis 分析analytic balance 分析天平 anchor grouting 锚固灌浆 anchor block 锚块 anchor bolt 锚栓 anchor pile 锚桩 anchor plate 锚板 anchor rod 锚杆 anchor wall 锚墙 anchor 锚anchorage force 锚固力 anchorage 地锚anchored bulkhead 锚定岸壁 anchored sheet piling 锚定板桩墙 andesite 安山岩angle of contact 接触角 angle of dilatancy 剪胀角angle of external friction 外摩擦角 angle of internal friction 内摩擦角 angle of obliquity （应力的〕倾角 angle of repose 休止角 angle of rupture 破裂角angle of shearing strength 剪切角angle of true internal friction 真内擦角 angle 角，角度angular deformation 角变形 angular error 角度误差anion adsorption 阴离子吸附anion exchange 阴离子交换anisotropic consolidation 各向不等压固结anisotropic soil 各向异性土annual variation 年变化anticline 背斜anti-flocculation 反絮凝作用anti-slide pile 抗滑桩apparatus 仪器,设备apparent angle of internal friction表观内摩角apparent cohesion 表观粘聚力apparent dip 视倾斜；视倾角apparent resistivity 视电阻率apparent shearing strength 表观抗剪强度application of load 施加荷载applied pressure 施加压力approximate value 近似值aquiclude 隔水层；滞水层aquifer 含水层aquitard 弱含水层arch culvert 拱形涵洞arching 拱作用architectural design 建筑设计area of passage 过水面积area of well influence 井影响面积area ratio （取样器〕面积比area 区域，地区arenite 砂质岩areometer 比重计argillite 泥质岩artesian aquifer 承压含水层；自流水层artesian condition 承压（水）状态artesian head 承压水头artesian water 自流水artesian well 自流井artificial ground 人工地基ascension spring 上升泉aseismatic design 抗震设计aseismic code 抗震规范aseismic region 无震地区assistant engineer 助理工程师associated structure 伴生构造assumed coordinates 假定坐标assumed value 假定值asymmetric(al) fold 不对称褶皱atmospheric water 大气水attainable precision 可达精确度attenuation 衰减atteration 冲积土Atterberg limits 阿太堡界限attitude of rocks 岩层产状attitude of stratum 地层产状attitude 产状auger bit 螺旋钻头auger drill 螺旋钻auger pile 螺旋桩auger with hydraulic feed液压给进式螺旋钻auger 麻花钻autographic oedometer 自录固结仪automatic ram pile driver自动冲锤打桩机average grain size 平均粒径average grain diameter 平均粒径average stress 平均应力average water level 平均水位axial compression 轴向压缩axial displacement 轴向位移axial extension test 轴向拉伸试验axial load 轴向荷载axial strain 轴向应变axial stress 轴向应力axial symmetry 轴对称axial thrust 轴向推力axis of fold 褶皱轴axis of principal stress 主应力轴axis of symmetry 对称轴axis 轴BBback calculation 反算法back pressure 反压力backfill grouting 回填灌浆backfill 回填土backosmotic pressure 反渗压力backward erosion 向源侵蚀bahymetry 测深法balance cone 平衡锥(稠度试验)balloon densimeter 囊式密度计banded lode 带状矿脉banded structure 带状构造bar 杆，钻杆basalt 玄武岩base failure of slope 土坡基底破坏base level 基准面base network 基线网base of slope 坡角base sheet 原图base station 基准点base tilt factor 基底倾斜因数（地基承载力）base 基础，底部base-line survey 基线测量base-line 基线basement wall 地下室墙basement 地下室basin range structure 断块构造basin 盆地bathymetric line 等深线beads-shaped structure 串珠状构造beam 梁bearing layer 承压(持力)层bearing course 承压垫层bearing area 承压面积bearing capacity factor （地基）承载力bearing capacity factors ( Nc,Nq,Nr) 承bearing deformation 承压变形bearing graph 反应曲线（桩工）bearing pile 支承桩bearing plate 载荷板bearing stratum 持力层bearing 方位角，承载bed （一）层，床bed rock 基岩bedded structure 层状构造bedding surface 层面bedding course 垫层bedding error 端垫误差（三轴试验）bedding plane slip 层面滑动bedding structure 层状构造bedding 基床，层面，层理bedrock 基岩behaviour 性状belled pier 扩底墩belled pile 扩底桩bench gravel 阶地砾石bench mark 水准点benched foundation 台阶式基础bend in river 河曲biaxial state of stress 双轴应力状态binder 胶结物biological weathering 生物风化Bishop's simplified method of slice肖普简化条分法bit 钻头blank hole 未下套管的钻孔blanket 铺盖blasting compaction method 爆炸挤密bleeder well 减压井blind drain 盲沟block diagram 三相图block basin 断块盆地block diagram 方框图block sample 块状试样block 块blow count 击数blow-in 涌入blown sand 风成砂blown tip pile 爆扩桩bluff 悬崖body wave 体波bog 沼泽boiling 翻浆border facies 边缘相bore hole 钻孔bore 钻孔bored pile 钻孔桩borehole log 钻孔记录borehole logging 钻孔记录borehole 钻孔boring bit 钻头boring by percussion 冲击钻进boring casing 钻探套管boring frame 钻架boring machine 钻探机具boring rod 钻杆boring 钻（探）borrow area 采料场bottom level 层底标高bottom pressure 底压力（隧道）bottom 底boulder 漂石bound water 吸附水boundary line 边界线boundary 边界Boussinesq theory 布西涅斯克理论box caisson 沉箱box foundation 箱型基础box pile 箱型钢桩box shear apparatus 盒式剪切仪braced excavation 支撑开挖braced sheeting 支撑挡板bracing 支撑brick foundation 砖基础brief analysis 简易分析brittle failure 脆性破坏Brownian movement 布朗运动brush joint 帚状节理bubble 气泡building area 建筑面积building code 建筑法规building material 建筑材料building settlement 建筑物沉降building survey 建筑测量building 建筑物built-up area 已建面积bulb pile 扩底桩bulk compressibility 体积压缩性bulk density 体密度bulk modulus 体积模量bulkhead 岸壁bulking 体胀buoyant foundation 浮筏基础buoyant pile 摩擦桩buoyant unit weigh 浮容重burden 覆盖层burette 滴定管buried river 地下(暗)河buried structure 埋入式结构物butt 平桩头by-pass seepage 绕渗Ccable anchor 索锚caisson foundation 沉箱基础caisson pier 沉箱墩caisson pile 沉箱桩caisson 箱，沉箱calcareous concretion 钙质结核calculated self-weight collapse计算自重湿陷量calculating chart 计算图表calculous soil 砾质土calibration curve 标定曲线calibration error 校准误差calibration test 标定试验calibration 标定cambering 上拱度Camkometer 剑桥旁压仪cantilever footing 悬臂式基础cantilever foundation 悬臂式基础cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile 悬臂式板桩cantilever sheet piling 悬臂板桩cantilever 悬臂canyon 峡谷capacity of driven pile 打入桩的承载力capacity of saturation 饱和量capacity of well 井流量capacity 容量capillarimeter 毛细管仪capillarity 毛细管作用capillary fringe 毛细管水上升边缘capillary head 毛细管水头capillary height 毛细管水上升高度capillary migration 毛细管水移动capillary pressure 毛细管水压力capillary rise 毛细上升高度capillary water 毛细水capillometer 毛细管试验仪capollary tension 毛细管引力carbon-14 dating 碳－14年代测定法Carlson stress meter 卡尔逊应力计case study 实例研究cased borehole 套管钻孔cased hole 下套管的钻孔cased pile 套管桩case-in 下套管case-in-place pile 灌注桩casing procedure drilling 套管钻进casing 套管Cassagrande's soil classification 卡萨格兰德土分类法cast in-place pile 就地灌注桩catch-drain 截水沟catchment area 汇水面积cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量cation exchange 阳离子交换cation 阳离子cavern 洞穴caving zone 塌陷区caving 坍落CBR=California Bearing Ratio 加州承载CD-test=consolidated-drained triaxisl cocell pressure 室压（三轴试验）cell test 荷兰式三轴试验cell 单元，盒cement grouting 水泥灌浆cement mortar 水泥砂浆cementation 胶结作用cementing agent 胶结剂cement-stabilized soil 水泥加固土cement-water ratio 灰水比centering error 对中误差chalk 白垩chamber 室change 变化channel 沟，水道character 特征，特性characteristic curve 特性曲线characteristic fossil 特征化石characteristic function 特征函数characteristic loop 特性曲线characteristic point 特征点characteristic value 特征值chart表（图）chemical grouting 化学灌浆chemical churning pile 旋喷桩chemical equivalent 化学当量chemical erosion 化学侵蚀chemical stabilization 化学加固chemical weathering 化学风化chief engineer 总工程师chopping bit 冲击钻头chronologic(al) scale 地质年代表cinder 炉渣circlar arc analysis 圆弧分析法circle of stress 应力圆circle 圆，弧circular foundation 圆形基础circular slip surface 圆弧滑动面civil engineer 土木工程师civil engineering 土木工程classfication 分类classification chart 分类表classification of the qualitative system 定classification system 分类系统classification test 分类试验clay binder 粘土胶结物clay blanket 粘土铺盖（水工）clay classification 粘土分类clay fraction 粘粒粒组clay grouting 粘土灌浆clay lens 粘土透镜体clay mineral 粘土矿物clay partings 粘土夹层clay rock 粘土岩clay shale 粘土质页岩 clay stone 粘土岩 clay 粘土 clean sand 纯砂 cleaning 清理场地 clean-out auger 清孔钻 clear height 净高 clear span 静跨 clinometer 测斜仪 clogging 淤塞 close texture 密实结构 closed conduit 封闭管道 closely graded soil 颗粒均匀的土 CL-test=continual loading test 连续加荷固结试验 cluster structure 团粒结构 coagulant 凝聚剂 coagulantion 凝聚作用 coal bed 煤层 coal-bearing strata 含煤地层 coarse aggregate 粗粒料 coarse grained soil 粗粒土 coarse sand 粗砂 coarse screen 粗筛 cobble 卵石 code for soil and foundation 地基与基础规范 code 规范（程） coefficient between layers 层间系数，管涌比 coefficient of active earth pressure 主动土压力系数 coefficient of adhesion 粘着系数 coefficient of attenuation 衰减系数 coefficient of collapsibility 湿陷系数 coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数 coefficient of consolidation 固结系数 coefficient of correlation 相关系数 coefficient of curvature 曲率系数 coefficient of earth pressure at rest 静止土压力系数 coefficient of earth pressure 土压力系数 coefficient of elastic shear 弹性剪切系数 coefficient of elastic uniform compression 弹性均压系数 coefficient of foundation ditch'srebound 基坑回弹系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of horizontal consolidation 水平固结系数 coefficient of lateral pressure 侧压力系数 coefficient of passive earth pressure 被动土压力系数 coefficient of permeability 渗透系数 coefficient of pore pressure 孔隙压力系数 coefficient of resilience 回弹系数 coefficient of rigidity 刚度系数 coefficient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数 coefficient of self-weight collapsibility 自重湿陷系数 coefficient of stiffness 刚度系数coefficient of storage 储水系数coefficient of subgrade reaction基床反力系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of variation 变异系数coefficient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient 系数cofferdam 围堰cohesion 内聚力cohesive soil 粘性土collapse settlement 湿陷量collapse 塌陷；湿陷collapsibility grading index 分级湿陷量collapsibility 湿陷性collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土collapsible soils 湿陷性土collector well 集水井column pile 端承桩columnar joint 柱状节理combination structure 混合结构 combined footing 联合基础 combined foundation 联合基础 coment-water factor 水灰比 compacted depth 压实深度 compacted fill 压实填土compacted lift 压实分层厚度compacted soil 压实土compacting factor 压实系数compaction by driving 夯实compaction by layers 分层填土夯实compaction by rolling 碾压compaction by vibrating roller振动碾压法compaction by vibration 振动压实compaction effect 压实效应compaction pile 挤密桩compaction test 击实试验compaction 压实；夯实compactness 密实度 compactor pass 击实遍数 compactor 压实机 compensated foundation 补偿式基础 complete water analysis 水的全分析 complete well 完整井composite map 综合图composite pile 组合桩composite sliding surface 复合滑动面compressibility 压缩性compressible soil 压缩性土compression index 压缩指数compression curve 压缩曲线compression failure 压缩破坏compression test 压缩试验 compression wave 压缩波 compression zone 压缩区 compression 压缩 compressive deformation 压缩变形compressive strain 压应变compressive strength 抗压强度compressive stress 压应力computation sheet 计算表格concentration of stresses 应力集中concentration 集中concentric weathering 同心风化concordant bedding 整合层面concrete beam 混凝土梁concrete dam 混凝土坝concrete pile 混凝土桩concrete pile 混凝土桩concrete tubular pile 混凝土管桩concrete vibro column pile振动混凝土柱桩concrete 混凝土concretion 结核condition 状态，条件conduit pipe 管道conduit system 管道系统 conduit 管道 cone foundation 锥形基础 cone of depression 降落漏斗 cone of recharge 补给漏斗cone penetrometer 圆锥触探仪cone 圆锥体confined aquifer 承压含水层confined compression 侧限压缩confined grain diameter 限制粒径confined water 承压水confining bed 隔水层confining pressure 周围压力conformable contact 整合接触 conformable stratum 整合地层 conjugate joint 共轭节理 consistency index 稠度指数 consistency limit 稠度界限consistency test 稠度试验consistency 稠度 consolidation apparatus 固结仪 consolidation curve 固结曲线consolidation deformation 固结变形consolidation of soft foundation 软弱地基consolidation pressure 固结压力 consolidation ratio 固结比 consolidation settlement 固结沉降 consolidation test 固结试验 consolidation 加固，固结 consolidometer 固结仪 constant gradient test 等梯度固结试验constant head permeability test常水头渗透试验constant head permeameter常水头渗透仪constant pressure device 恒压装置constitutional equation 本构方程constitutive law of soils 土的本构关系constitutive law 本构定律constitutive relation 本构关系constrained diameter 限制粒径construction condition 施工条件construction plan 建筑平面图construction procedure 施工程序construction sequences 施工程序construction survey 施工测量construction work 建筑工程construction 建筑consulting engineer 咨询工程师contact erosion 接触面冲蚀contact metamorphism 接触变质作用contact pressure 接触压力contact relation 接触关系contact zone 接触带contact 接触content 容量continental drift theory 大陆漂移说continuous sampling 连续取样continuous concrete wall 地下连续墙continuous concrete wall 连续墙continuous footing连续基础continuous layer 连续层continuous load 连续荷载continuously loaded oedometer连续加荷固结仪contour interval 等高距contour map 等高线图contour-interval 等高距contractive soil 收缩性土control network 控制网control on slope stability对斜坡稳定性的控制control survey 控制测量control 控制conventional method of slices常规条分法conventional sign 惯用符号conventional 常规的coordinate system 坐标系统coordinates 坐标core resistance 圆锥探头阻力core sampler 岩芯取样器core 岩芯；心墙correction factor for inclination偏心荷载校正系数correction data 修正数据correlation analysis 相关分析correlation curve 相关曲线correlation procedure 相关程序corrosion 侵蚀corrosive water 侵蚀性水Coulomb's earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论Coulomb's law 库仑定律count 计数，击数counter bore 扩空钻counterfort retaining wall 后扶垛式挡土墙course 过程，层covered conduit 暗沟CPT=cone penetration test 圆锥触探试验crack 裂缝cracked zone 破碎带creep 蠕变creep-time curve 蠕变时间曲线crevice water 裂隙水criterion 准则critical circle 临界圆critical condition 临界条件critical damping 临界阻尼critical density 临界密度critical head 临界水头critical height of slope 土坡临界高度critical load 临界荷载critical point 临界点critical range 临界区critical stress 临界应力critical surface 临界面critical value 临界值critical water content 临界含水量crop 露头cross bedding 交错层理cross section 横断面cross stratification 交错层理crosshair 十字丝（测）crosshole method 跨孔法cross-wire 十字丝CRP-test=constant rate of penetration test等速贯入试验crushed stone 碎石crust of weathering 风化壳crust 外壳，硬壳CRU-test=constant rate of uplift test 等速上拔试验CU-test=consolidated undrained t compressionCulmann construction 库尔曼图解法（土力学）culvert 涵洞cumulose soil 腐植土curtain grouting 帷幕灌浆curve board 曲线板curve fitting 曲线拟合curve 曲线cushion 垫层cut and cover method 明挖法（隧道〕cut 挖方cuttability 可挖性cutting ring 环刀cuttings 钻屑cycle of loads 荷载周期cycle of stress reversal 应力交变周期cycle of stress 应力周期cycle of vibration 振动周期cycle 循环，周期cyclic loading 周期荷载cyclic number 循环次数cyclic shear strain amplitude 周期剪应cyclic simple shear test 周期单剪试验cyclic stress ratio 周期应力比cyclic stress 周期应力cyclic triaxial test 周期荷载三轴试验cyclic variation 周期变化Ddado 护壁板dam site 坝址dam 坝damping ratio 阻尼比damping 阻尼Darcy's law 达西定律data acquisition 数据收集data analysis 数据分析data collection 数据收集data processing system 数据处理系统data sheet 成果表data treatment 数据处理data 数据dating 年代测定datum level 基准面datum plane 基准面datum 基准点dead load 静荷载debouch 河口debris flow 泥石流debris from demolition 建筑拆除垃圾decline of water table 水位下降decomposition 分解decompression 卸荷deep consolidation 深层加固deep foundation 深基础deep well method 深井法deep-well pump 深井泵deflected pile 偏位桩deflection curve 扰度曲线deflection inclinometer 测斜仪deflection 变形deflocculant 分散剂deflocculation 反絮凝作用deformation measurement 变形测量deformation 变形deformeter 变形计defrosting 解冻degree of accuracy 精度degree of compaction 压实度degree of consolidation 固结度degree of disturbance 扰动程度degree of mineralization 矿化度degree of saturation 饱和度degree of sensitivity 灵敏度degree of sorting 分选程度degree of stability 稳定度degree of weathering 风化程度degree of wetness 湿度degree 程度delta 三角洲deltaic deposit 三角洲沉积density bottle 比重瓶density 密度denudation 剥蚀deposit 沉积depression curve 浸润曲线depth curve 深度曲线depth factor 埋深因数depth of cut 挖方深度depth of foundation 基础砌置深度depth of groundwater table地下水埋深depth of penetration 贯入深度depth of scour 冲刷深度depth ratio 埋深比（基础〕depth 深度depth-span ratio 高跨比descending spring 下降泉design elevation 设计标高design plan 设计图design capacity 设计承载力design load 设计荷载design 设计designed level 设计标高detailed exploration 详细勘探details of construction 施工详图determination of deformation 变形测定determination of quality 定性测定determination of quantity 定量测定determination of soil parameters土的参数测定determination of strength of soil土的强度测定determination of water quality水质测定determination 测定，鉴定detrimental settlement 有害沉降detrital sediment 碎屑沉积development area 开发区deviation 偏差device 装置，设备dewater 排水dewatering 降低地下水位diagonal bedding 斜层理diagram 图表diagrammatic sketch 示意图dial gauge 圆形量表diameter 直径difference in elevation 高差difference of elevation 高差difference of water table 水位差difference 差，异differential settlement 差异沉降differential shrinkage 不均匀收缩differential thermal analysis 差热分析differential weathering 差异风化differential-acting steam hammer 差动汽锤diffusion layer 扩散层digging 开挖dilapidation 倒塌dilatability 膨胀性dilatancy test 手捻试验dilatancy 剪胀性dilatation 剪胀diluvial deposit 坡积diluvial soil 洪积土diluvial 洪积diluvium 洪积层diorite 闪长岩dip 倾角direct current induced polarization 直流激发极化法direct proportion 正比例direct reading 直接读数direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验direction of fissures 裂隙方向direction of flow 流向direction of groundwater flow 地下水流向direction 方向directrix 准线discharge capacity 排水量discharge diagram 流量图discharge head 压头discharge of well 井流量discharge velocity 排水速度discharge 流量discordance 不整合discrimination 鉴别displacement of soil mass 土体位移displacement pile 排土桩displacement 位移disproportionately grade 级配不良的dissipation 消散distance mark 远处目标distributary 河道支流distributed load 分布荷载distribution 分布disturbed sample 扰动试样ditch 明沟diversion channel 分水沟doline 落水洞dolly 桩垫domestic water 生活用水dot and dash line 点划线dotted line 虚线double -acting steam hammer 双动汽锤double amplitude 双振幅double diaphragm pressure cell双膜式土压力盒downdraw 水位下降downhole dynamic compaction DDC工法downstream （河流）下游drain pit 排水坑drain channel 排水沟drain pile 排水砂桩drain 排水沟drainage by desiccation 疏干排水drainage by well point 井点排水drainage culvert 排水涵洞drainage of foundation 基坑排水drainage path 排水路径drainage pipe 排水管drainage shear test 排水剪切试验drainage triaxial test 排水三轴试验drainage well 排水井drainage 排水drawdown curve （地下水位）降深曲线drawdown curve 水位下降曲线drawdown 水位降深dredge level 疏浚标高dredging 疏浚drift 冰碛土drill record 钻探记录drill 钻，钻机drilled caisson 钻孔沉井drilled footage 钻进尺寸drilled pier 钻孔墩drilling mud 钻孔泥浆drilling rod 钻杆drilling 钻进drive sampler 击入式取土器driven cast-in-place pile 就地灌注桩driven pile 打入桩driver 驱动机，推进器driving record 打桩记录driving test 打桩试验drop hammer 落锤drum roller 滚筒式碾路机dry density 干密度dry oven 烘箱dry unit weight 干容重dune 沙丘Dupuit's equation 裘布依公式duration curve 历时曲线duration 历时Dutch cone penetrometer 荷兰式圆锥触Dutch cone 荷兰式圆锥仪dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic characteristic 动力特性dynamic compaction 动力压实，强夯 dynamic consolidation 强夯法dynamic elastic modulus 动弹性模量 dynamic load test of pile 桩的动载荷试验dynamic load 动荷载dynamic penetration 动力触探 dynamic pile-driving formula 动力打桩公式dynamic point resistance 动力探头阻力 dynamic shear modulus 动剪模量 dynamic sounding 动力触探dynamic triaxial test 振动三轴试验EEarth dam 土坝earth road 土路earth backing 还土earth fill 填方earth pressure at rest 静止土压力 prestress 预应力 earth pressure cell 土压力盒earth pressure coefficient 土压力系数earth pressure wedge 土压力楔体earth pressure 土压力earth 土，陆地，地球earthflow 泥石流earthquake effect 地震作用earthquake engineering 地震工程earthquake intensity 地震烈度earthquake magnitude 地震震级earthquake proof foundation 抗震基础earthquake proof joint 防震缝earthquake region 地震区earthquake resistance 抗震能力earthquake zone 地震带earthquake 地震earthquake-proof construction 抗震建筑earth-rock dam 土石坝earthwork 土石方工程eccentricity 偏心距eductor well point 喷射井点effect of pile group 桩群作用effect 效应，作用effective cohesion 有效内聚力effective diameter 有效粒径effective grain diameter 有效粒径effective overburden pressure 有效上覆压力 effective pressure 有效压力effective range 有效范围effective size 有效尺寸effective span 有效跨度effective stress path 有效应力路径effective stress 有效应力effective unit weight 有效容重effective value 有效值efficiency formula 效率公式（群桩〕 elastic compression 弹性压缩 elastic deformation 弹性变形 elastic equilibrium 弹性平衡 elastic hysteresis 弹性滞后 elastic modulus 弹性模量 elastic state of equilibrium 弹性平衡状态 elasto-plastic deformation 弹塑性变形 elasto-plasticity theory 弹塑性理论 electric profiling 电测剖面法 electrical method of prospecting 电法勘探 electrical logging 电测井 electrical method 电法 electrical prospecting 电法勘探 electrical resistivity 电阻率 electrical sounding 电测深 electrical survey(ing) 电法探测 electrochemical stabilization 电化学加固 electromagnetic prospecting 电磁勘探 electroosmosis 电渗现象 element 单元elevation of borehole 孔口标高 elevation of well 井口标高 elevation scheme 高程图 elevation 高度；海拔 eluvial deposit 残积 eluvial soil 残积土 eluvial 残积 eluviation 淋滤（作用） eluvium 残积层 embedded depth 埋置深度 empirical coefficient 经验系数 empirical data 经验数据 empirical formula 经验公式 empirical value 经验值 end load 端荷载 end of curve 曲线终点 end-bearing pile 端承桩 energy of blow 锤击能 engineer 工程师，技师 engineered fill 质控回填土 engineering characteristic of rock 岩石的工程性能 engineering geologic condition 工程地质条件 engineering geological evaluation 工程地质评价 engineering geological phenomena 工程地质现象 engineering geological problem 工程地质问题 engineering geology 工程地质(学) engineering survey 工程测量engineering 工程（学） enlarged base 扩底（桩工〕 ensile strength 抗拉强度 envelope of failure 破坏包线 envelope 包迹（线） enveloping curve 包络曲线 environmental geology 环境地质(学) Eocene series 始新统 Eogene system 下第三系 eolian deposit 风积物 epicenter 震中 equation 方程，公式 equilibrium 平衡 equipment 仪器，设备 equivalent consolidation pressure 等效固equivalent damping ratio 等效阻尼比 equivalent diameter 等效粒径 equivalent stress 等效应力equivalent uniform load 等效均荷载 erosion landform 侵蚀地形 erosion plain 侵蚀平原 erosion surface 侵蚀面 erosion terrace 侵蚀阶地 erosion 侵蚀 error distribution principle 误差分布原error distribution 误差分布 error equation 误差方程 error of centering 对心误差 error of scale 比例尺误差 error of sighting 瞄准误差 error probability function 误差概率函数error 误差 estuary deposit 港湾沉积 estuary 港湾 evaluation of resources 储量评价 evaluation 评价 evaporation capacity 蒸发量 evenly distributed load 均布荷载 excavated section 开挖断面 excavation 挖方 excavator 挖土机 excess pore water pressure 超静水压力 exchange capacity 交换容量 exchange 交换 exchangeable ion 可交换离子 existing data 现有资料 expanding auger 扩孔钻 expansibility 膨胀性 expansion apparatus 膨胀仪 expansion index 回弹指数 experimental data 试验数据 explorating data 勘探数据 exploration program 勘测大纲 exploration 勘探 extention work 扩建工程 extractor 拔桩机 extruder 顶样器 eye sketch 目测草图 eye visible crack 肉眼可见裂缝 Ffabric analysis 组构分析fabric 构造，结构fabric 组构facies 相facing 护面factor 因数，系数，比率failure condition 破坏条件failure criterion 破坏准则failure in shear 剪切破坏failure load 破坏荷载failure plane 破坏面failure surface 破坏面failure zone 破坏区failure 破坏fall head 降落水头fall 落距falling cone method 沉锥法（液限试验〕falling head permeability test变水头渗透试验fault gouge 断层泥fault plane 断层面fault strike 断层走向fault throw 断距fault trough 地堑fault zone 断层带fault 断层feather joint 羽状节理feature 特征，特性feldspar 长石Fellenius method of slices费伦纽斯条分法field density test 现场密度试验field determination 野外鉴定field identification 现场鉴定field investigation 野外勘察field measurement 实地测量field measurements 现场测试field record 外业资料field sketch 外业草图field test 现场试验field vane test 现场十字板试验field work 外业figure 图fill structure 填方工程fill 填土，填土filled earth 填土filling pile 灌注桩filter dam 透水坝filter well 渗水井filter-well 渗水井final penetration 最终贯入度final pressure 最终压力final settlement 最终沉降量fine aggregate 细粒料fine fissure 微裂隙fine sand 细砂fine screen 细筛fine-grained soil 细粒土fines 细粒土finite aquifer 有限含水层finite difference method 有限差分法finite difference method 有限差分法finite element method 有限单元法finite slice method 条分法fissure water 裂隙水fissure 裂隙fitting 拟合fixed piston sampler 固定活塞式取样器fixed point 固定点fixed-ring consolidometer 固定环式固结仪fixing 固定flat grade 缓坡flat jack 扁千斤顶flexible foundation 柔性基础flood dam 防洪坝flood land 漫滩flood level 洪水位flood plain deposit 漫滩沉积flood plain 洪积平原flow curve 流量曲线flow diagram 流量图flow net 流网flow path 流径flow 流动flowing sand 流砂fluvial deposit 河流沉降fluvial terrace 河成阶地fold 褶皱foliation 叶理footing 基础force 受力，施加力forecast 预报form 形式formation 建造formula 公式forward intersection 前方交会fossil soil 古土壤foundation base 基础底面foundation beam 地基梁foundation bed 基础垫层foundation bottom 基底foundation design 基础设计foundation engineering 基础工程foundation investigation 地基勘察foundation pit 基坑foundation plan 基础平面图foundation pressure 基底压力foundation treatment 地基处理foundation 基础fracture 断裂free head 自由水头freeze 歇后增长（桩的承载力〕French drain 盲沟frequency diagram 频率图fretwork weathering 蜂窝式风化，粒状friction pile 摩擦桩friction 摩擦，摩擦力frog-rammer 蛙式打夯机frost depth 冻结深度frost heave 冻胀frost weathering 冰冻风化frozen soil 冻土full scale test 足尺试验full-face digging 全面开挖function 函数fuzzy mathematics 模糊数学Ggabbro 辉长岩gamma-rays logging 伽马射线测井gap gradation 不连续级配gauge 量表，量规general characteristic 一般特性general description 总述general geology 普通地质(学)general layout 总图general plan 总图generalized procedure of slices 广义条分geodesy 大地测量学geodetic(al) datum 大地基准点geodetic(al) formation 地质建造geodetic(al) surveying 大地测量geodimeter 光电测距仪geographic coordinates 地理坐标geography 地理学geohydrology 水文地质学geologic structure 地质构造geologic(al) age 地质年代geological condition 地质条件geological engineer 地质工程师geological log 地质记录geological map 地质图geological section 地质剖面图geological survey 地质测绘geology 地质(学)geomechanics 地质力学geometric shape 几何形状geomorphological map 地貌图geomorphology 地球形态(学)；geophone pattern 检波器组合(形式)geophysical exploration 地球物理勘探geophysical log 地球物理测井记录geophysical logging 地球物理测井geophysics 地质力学geotechnical engineering 岩土工程geotechnical laboratory 岩土试验室geotechnical map 岩土工程图geotechnique 岩土工程geotectonic map 地质构造图geotextile 土工织物。
土木英语重点
土木专业英语复习一、英语单词Feasibility study 可行性确定locomotive 机车，火车头Wearing course磨损层Mass transportation公共交通Drainage system排水系统Packing density夯实密度Construction crew施工队Bulldozer推土机Power roller电动压路机Bituminous含沥青Geological stratum地质层Contractor承包人Consulting engineer顾问工程师Hydraulic excavator水力冲泥机Caterpillar tractor履带式拖拉机Face shovel正铲挖土机Inevitable不可避免Earth settlement土方沉降Sight distance视距Alignment线性Maneuver 机动动作In the face 面对Vertical curve 竖曲线Geometric design线型设计Cross section横断面Topography地形，地形学Design vehicle设计车辆Level of service服务水平Elevation高程Climbing lane爬坡车道Freeway高速公路Cutback挖坡，边坡Gravel砾石，卵石Converge集中，汇合Jurisdiction司法权，审判权Frontage road前沿道路Plain concrete 素混泥土Gypsum石膏Specification规格，规范Time of set凝结时间Fine aggregate 细集料compressive strength抗压强度Tensile strength抗压强度Massive structure大体积结构Reinforced concrete钢筋混泥土Formability可塑性，可成型的Toughness韧性Bending moment弯矩力Permeability渗透性Air-entrained concrete加气混泥土Carbonation碳化作用Hydraulic structure水工建筑物Segregation离析Conveyor belt传送带Membrane膜Rigid pavement刚性路面Portland cement concrete 波特兰水泥混泥土Modulus of elasticity弹性模型Consistency稠度，粘度Penetration针入度Cutback asphalt轻制沥青Medium-curing中凝Durability耐久性二、句子翻译1、except for local streets where speed controls are frequently included intentionally ,even effort should be made to use as high a design speed as practicable to attain a desire degree of safety,mobility and efficiency within the constraints of environmentalquality ,economics,aesthetics and social or political impacts （32页第三行）除了速度控制经常被包括在当地的街道，即使是努力，应该使用尽可能高的设计速度，以达到一个愿望的安全性，流动性和效率，在环境质量，经济，美学和社会或政治影响的限制2、in spite of the heavy emphasis on technical subjects in the engineering curriculum,a current trend is to require student to take courses in the social science and the language arts（第一页倒数第四行）尽管在重技术学科在工程课程中，现在的趋势是要求学生参加社会科学课程和语言的战神3、many engineers,usually working as a team that include surveyors,specialists in soil mechanics,and experts in design and construction,are involved in working these feasibility studies 许多工程师，通常作为一个团队工作，包括测量、土力学专家，专家们在设计和施工中，参与工作的可行性研究4、when we speed along modern highway,we rarely stop to think what it is we are riding on当我们沿着现代高速公路的速度，我们很少停下来想想我们是骑着什么5、there were strong demands not only from farmers but from bicyclists though the league of American Wheelmen for rural road improvement,largely for road a few miles in length connecting outlying farms with towns and railroad stations ,this development has been aptly described as getting the farmer out of the mud有很强的需求不仅来自农民从农村公路自行车虽然提高美国Wheelmen联盟，主要用于长连接边远农场西路几英里随着城镇和铁路站，这种发展被恰当地描述为让农民走出泥泞6、the properties expected in the different types of cements are carefully set out in the specifications of the various transportation agencies.frequently this is done by reference to those prescribed by AASHTO. To meet these specifications,samples must pass a number of chemical and physical tests which can only be conducted in a well-equipped laboratory在不同的运输机构的规格中，在不同类型的水泥中所期望的性能是不同的。
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专著monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil冻土24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.R ankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础 pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试 1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验 teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
[中英]土木工程专业英语词汇
![[中英]土木工程专业英语词汇](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/68d33d03e55c3b3567ec102de2bd960591c6d957.png)
土木工程专业英语词汇第一节一般术语1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。
2. 工程结构设计design of building and civil engineering structures在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。
3. 房屋建筑工程building engineering一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
4. 土木工程civil engineering除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
5. 公路工程highway engineering为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
6. 铁路工程railway engineering为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
7. 港口与航道工程port ( harbour ) and waterway engineering为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
8. 水利工程hydraulic engineering为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
9. 水利发电工程（水电工程）hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering以利用水能发电为主要任务的水利工程。
土木工程专业英语词汇集锦
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering5 地下工程 Underground Engineering6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment52 扭矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 principal stress58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection61 沉降settlement62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline82 期刊 journal ,periodical83 文献literature84 国际标准刊号ISSN International Standard Serial Number85 国际标准书号ISBN International Standard Book Number86 卷 volume87 期 number88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis, dissertation91 专利 patent92 档案档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索引EI Engineering Index99 科学引文索引SCI Science Citation Index100 科学技术会议论文集索引ISTP Index to Science and Tec hnology Proceedings101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工程师协会ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 109 联邦公路总署FHWA Federal Highway Administration110 国际标准组织ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范 Specification, Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2.foundation engineering 基础工程3.soil, earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学5.cyclic loading 周期荷载6.unloading 卸载7.reloading 再加载8.viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基9.viscous damping 粘滞阻尼10.shear modulus 剪切模量11.soil dynamics 土动力学12.stress path 应力路径13.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位3.clay minerals 粘土矿物4.secondary minerals 次生矿物ndslides 滑坡6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8.boulder 漂石9.cobble 卵石10.gravel 砂石11.gravelly sand 砾砂12.coarse sand 粗砂13.medium sand 中砂14.fine sand 细砂15.silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉质粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt 粘质粉土22.saturated soil 饱和土23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土24.fill (soil) 填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土28.zonal soil 区域性土29.soft clay 软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil 冻土24.degree of saturation 饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling 砂沸5.flow net 流网6.seepage 渗透（流）7.leakage 渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force 渗透力11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩11.bearing capacity 承载力12.soil mass 土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load 集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18.strip footing 条基19.square spread footing 方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement 沉降27.deformation 变形28.casing 套管29.dike=dyke 堤（防）30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组31.physical properties 物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil 级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力36.shear stresses 剪应力37.principal plane 主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数pression index 压缩指数47.swelling index 回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力49.additional stress 附加应力50.total stress 总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖（挖方）2 dewatering （基坑）降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point system 井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七.深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础1)cast –in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩6.shaft 竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8.pile caps 承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩18.uplift pile 抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt 桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan 桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35.pile cushion 桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验38.pile shoe 桩靴39.pile noise 打桩噪音40.pile rig 打桩机九.固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结10.secondary consolidation 次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度12.consolidation test 固结试验13.consolidation curve 固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力12.failure criterion 破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型6.Du ncan-Chang model 邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening 加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface 屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory 朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角2.Bishop method 毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七.浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础8.flexible foundation 柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD)paction test 击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验12.sieve analysis 筛分析13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪16.direct shear test 直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test 原位试验。
土木工程专业英语 复习重点词汇.doc
Lesson 1civil engineering 土木匚程structural engineering 结构工稈water resources engineering 7K源工无呈environmental engineering 环境7T程transportation engineering 运输T程construction engineering 建筑1 ［程community and urban planning 社区与市政规划survey测量，勘测engineering management 丁程管理drainage system 排污系统utility 公共设施groundwater 地下水material property(behavior)材料性能potential 潜能，电位pressure 压力stability 稳定性earthquake 地慝wastewater treatment plant 废水处理丿air scrubber空气净化器installation 安装strength 强度rate of flow 流率frame work 框架，构架natural resource 白然资源discipline 学科，分枝predominate居支配地位,(数量上)占优势geotechnical 岩土丁•程的specification详述，说明书，清单supervise监督，管理subc on tractor 转包合同asphalt 沥青aluminum 铝runoff雨量，流量lock 水闸，闸门fill装填物，填土scrubber洗涤器incineration 焚化toxic有毒的combustible 易燃的ramp斜坡excavate 挖掘aerial空气的,航空的sonic声音的，音速的，利用音波的plotting测绘，标图municipal市政的，地方的commissi on 委员会Less on2budget 预算raw material 原材料* compressio n 压缩compressive strength 抗压强度tension 拉彳巾tensile strength 抗拉强度support 支撑vertical 垂直的horizontal 水平的colum n 柱了beam 梁frame construction 扌匡架结构cantilever 悬臂梁golden section黄金分割点mathematical formulas 数学公式stress 应力strai n 应变character 特性，性能geography 地理shelter遮蔽处encompass包括，围绕identical完全相同的illumination 照明parlance说法，用法edifice大建筑物,大厦dominant支配的，占优势nave早期教堂屮殿，屮央广场aisle走廊transept教堂的交叉通道apse教堂的后殿balustrade 栏杆intermediate 中间的clue线索colonnade柱廊,柱列aspiration抱负，渴望incarnation化身，体现blank wall扌当墙cave dweller 穴居人Gothic cathedral哥特式大教堂Lesson3Lesson4comp orient 构件stressed-skin tube 承力表层式筒体load-carrying capability 承受能力lateral sway 侧面位移ptioartin 隔板，隔墙stiffness 刚度，刚性heating and cooling system 加热与冷却系统boundary condition 边界条件superstructure 上部建筑rigid belt trusses 刚性带式桁架substructure 基础framed tube 框式筒体foun datio n 基础，地基column-diagonal truss tube 基刪打土也基steel framework 刚架结构bundled tube 筒体系cast-ir on 铸铁spandrel beams 拱梁reinforced concrete 钢筋水泥rigid shear wall tube 刚性承剪墙式筒体mas onry 砌体composite material 复合材料corrugated steel deck 波纹钢地板spectacular 壮观的ateral force（deformation）侧向力（变形）sway摇摆，歪，使倾斜tran spare nt 透明的，明晰的residential居住的,住宅的opaque不透明的innovation创新，新事物pre-cast concrete 预浇铸水泥eliminate 排除stiffn ess 硬度column柱,圆柱物rib 肋骨demonstrate证明，示范slab beam 薄板梁project凸出，投射，工程ven tilati ng 通风truss框架three-dim ension 三维的，立体的bundle 捆,束hinge 绞链terminate使终止elastic property 弹性性能fagde房屋的正面,外观truss 桁架perimeter周围,周界plumbing system 水管系统encroach 侵占partition分开，隔墙high-rise building 高层建筑converter炼钢炉reinforced concrete 钢筋丫昆凝土surpass 超过spandrel beam窗下墙的墙托梁exterior 外部（的）shear wall剪力墙lintel过梁curtain wall悬墙,幕墙deck甲板bearing wall 承重墙corrugate 弄皱plumbing system 丁1.生设备系统duct管道，预应力筋孔道conduit 管道ancillary辅助的stratification 分'层，层理ventilate使通风exhibit显示,呈现conceal 隐蔽Lesson5organic matter 有机物质noxious odor 有毒气体dis-infection 消毒bacteria 细菌viruses 病毒protozoa 原生动物coagulatio n 凝结activated carbon 活性碳biological disc 生物转盘metropolita n 都市的microorga nism 微生物pesticide 杀虫剂herbicide 除草剂potable water 可饮用水dewater 脱水compost 混合肥料centrifuge 离心分离机afterburner 加力燃烧室cement mortar 水泥砂浆electrostatic precipitator静电沉淀剂fluid-bed流化床purification 净化Lesson6ventilate 使通风，使换气mobile vehicle 机动车辆thermal diffusion 热扩散，热漫布thermal equilibrium condition 热平衡条件thermal vibration 热振动central heating 屮央加热humidity 湿度，湿气climate 气候suction 吸，吸力，吸气chamber 燃烧室shaft 轴refrigerati ng 冷冻plenum system 压力通风系统pedestal 基础，底座acoustics声学，建筑物的传音性cognizance认识，注意charcoal 木炭aperture 孔隙，口径potbelly 大腹hypocaust 热坑canopy天蓬，防雨盖板pedestal基座,柱脚,底座cloak斗篷horticultural 园艺的convector对流器apparatus器械，设备amelioration 改善，改进suction吸气，吸力ubiquitous普遍存在的perforate穿孔，打洞trough 沟，槽Mediterranean 地中海的plenum system 压力通风系统terra-cotta 陶瓦Thames River 泰晤士河Less on7 Less on8spa n 跨度，跨距initiate 开始，发动pedestria ns 行人authority 权力，当局highway 公路，高速公路approach 通路，途经，接近roadway 车行道，路面safe factor 安全因子forming 成型chip 碎裂shapi ng 修整weather 受侵蚀，使风化tropical regions 热带地区hardening process 硬化过程suspension bridge 巾桥yield strength 屈服强度bridge pier 桥墩laminate 层叠stability 稳定性failure 失效anchor 锚定stress and strain 应力和应变overlap 重叠，交迭static load 静载荷can tilever bridge 悬臂式桥梁dynamic load or live load 动载荷corbel arch 突拱impact 冲击rigid beam 刚性梁bump 冲击，碰撞girder 梁，钢桁的支架vibratio n 振动stretch 拉伸tremor 震动，颤动buckle 屈Illi dynamic behavior 动态性能cable 电缆,索wind tunnel 风洞valley山谷revenue收入，税收obstacle 障碍durability 耐久性aqueduct 沟渠，引水桥tremor震动，地震barge驳船，用船运输debris碎片,残骸isolated隔离的,单独cofferdam 围堰log原木caisson沉箱，沉井vine帝j萄树，藤蔓hazardous危险的slant倾斜，鞋面temporary暂时的subsoil 下层土,天然地基ingenuity独创性，灵活性,精巧aerialist高空杂技师derrick人字起重机tightrope 钢丝winch卷扬机,绞车abutment 桥墩,桥台guardrail 护栏anchorage 锚定,固定支座accessory附件，辅助设备stretch拉伸，展开toll通行费girder桁架，主梁，撑杆preliminary design 初步设计intersect 横断，相交tensile strength 抗拉强度intermediate pier 中间墩yield strength 屈服强度suspension bridge i吊桥.悬索桥compressed air 压缩空气Less onlllayout 规划，设计terrain 地形right of way 可通行ground mapping 地图测绘expressway 高速公路，快车道traverse 横过，穿过metropolitan 大城市的，主要城市的acquisiti on 获得substitute 代替，取代blueprint 蓝图，设计图accommodate 提供，供应，容纳frequency 频率，周期capacity 容量，能力duration 持续时间runoff rate 流率roughness 粗糙度interstate 州际的maintenance 维护，保养pavement 公路，人行道abutting邻近的speculative投机的，推测的traverse 横穿recreational娱乐性的,供消遣的gradation分级，级配,层次expressway高速公路compact压实，捣实accommodate供应，容纳，适应caliche钙质壳,生硝oyster•砾，牡蛎bituminous含沥青的catchbasin汇水沟，雨水井adverse相反的，不利的precipitation沉淀，降水量，地形性降雨photogrammetric摄影制图的outlet出口，排水口pneumatic-tired roller 气胎压路机public utilities 公共设施calcium chloride 氯化钙guard rail 护栏Less onl2traffic routing 交通路线freeway 高速公路through streets 直通大街one-way streets 单行线，单行道regulation 规则，规章，法规intersection 十字路U,交叉点expedite 加速，派出pavement marking 路面标记artery 动脉，干线congestion 拥塞，充血crosswalk 斑马线，人彳亍横道symbol 信号bit 字节alleviate减轻，缓和off-peak periods非高峰时间bottleneck 道路的瓶颈，狭道interference 冲突，干扰mileage 英里数，行车里稈curvature弯|W，曲率shift 转移，轮班，替换reliance信赖,依靠的人或物reversible可逆的，回行的channelization管道化,河道疏浚intersection十字路口,交叉点conflict 冲突interference冲突,干扰,相互影响remote遥感的，远程的arbitrary任意的,随机的bottleneck狭道，交通堵塞periphery夕卜围,边缘off-peak periods非高峰时间Less onl6footing 基础，底座rectangular 长方形，矩形trapezoidal 梯形，不规则四边形description 描述，描绘enlarge 扩大，增加retention 保留，保持discontinuity 间断，不连续subside 下沉，沉降infiltrate 渗入，渗透，透过basement 基础，地下室encase 包裹，围住accumulate 积聚，堆积flexibility 弹性，挠性backfill 冋填，装填admixture 混合物，掺合物mat foundation 板式基础slab foundatio n 平板基础plain concrete 索水泥sump水坑，积水井grout水泥浆，灌浆weep渗漏,滴水swell膨胀，涨水，增大，隆起Less onl7layout 设计，布置master schedule 设计任务书subsidiary 辅助的，补充的forecast 预测，预想procurement 取得，获得expedite 加速，促进fabricate 制作，构造comply with 照做formwork 模子材料budget 预算，做预算unit cost 单位成木time card 计时卡片overrun超过，超出time study 丁•时定额研究water table 地下水位fissure 裂缝，裂纹execution 执行,完成，施工invoice 发票，发货单dismantle 拆卸，拆除clarify澄清,阐明,净化payroll T.资单productivity生产力，劳动生产率bulldozer推土机,压路机shovel铲，挖掘机dragline拉索，拉铲挖土机clamshell抓斗，蛤壳式挖泥机scraper铲运机，刮土机，平土机haul拖,拉，拖运contamination污染,污染物wellpoint降低地下水位的井点，深坑点fragment断片,碎块solidify凝固，固结ingredient成分，配料silo竖井，发射井amalgam软的混合物slip form滑动模板，滑模Lessonl8deform 变形physical property 物理性能elasticity 弹性plasticity 册性brittle 碎性的fracture 断裂elastic modulus 弹性模量extrude 挤压hydratio n 水化pulverize 研磨成粉durability 耐久性synthetic 合成的，人造的resin 树脂，胶质thermosetting 热固塑料thermoplastic热塑性塑料seashell 贝壳，海贝ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度grain颗粒，粒血elasticity弹性，弹力，弹性力学stiffness刚度，硬度secular世俗的,现世的,非宗教的pyramid金字塔,四面体stack堆叠，整齐地对其slate石板瓦,铺石板timber木材，原木conifer针叶树spruce云杉cabinetwork细木T,细木家具cellular细胞的,分格的,多孔状的grain颗粒，纹理，粒血silicon 硅manganese 猛negligible可以忽略的douglasfir 美国松Lessonl9overall 全部的，全血的collapse 倒塌，崩溃ascertain 确定，探知stability 稳定性exert 施加，尽力reaction force 反作用力static equilibrium 静力平衡line of action 作用线determi nate 静定indeterminate 超静定equivalent 相等的，相当的lateral force 测向力coplanar 共面的noncon curre nt 不集屮于点的normal 法线approximate近似的,大约的redundant 多余的superposition 叠加,重叠inversion 倒置matrix 矩阵procedure步骤,过程facilitate促进，简化abrupt突然的,不连续的nonconcurrent 非共点的reaction反应反作用，反力superposition 叠加,重合contraflexure 反向玩去simultaneous联立的，同时的algebra 代数laborious艰苦的，费力的multiplication 乘法，倍增invert反演，倒置，转化，颠倒random任意的，随机的neutral axis 屮和轴pin joint 较接angular displacement 角位移earthquake-resistant 抗地震的statically in determi nate structure 超静定结构。
土木英语词汇
土木工程专业英语分类词汇目录1.一般术语12.房屋建筑结构术语33.公路路线和铁路线路术语44.桥、涵洞和隧道术语55.水工期建筑物术语66.结构构件和部件术语87.地基和基础术语108. 结构可靠性和设计方法术语119. 结构上的作用、作用代表值和作用效应术语1210. 材料性能、构件承载能力和材料性能代表值术语1411.几何参数和常用量程术语1512.工程结构设计常用的物理学、数理统计171.一般术语1 buildingandcivilengineeringstructures 工程结构2 designofbuildingandcivilengineeringstructures 工程结构设计3 buildingengineering 房屋建筑工程4 civilengineering 土木工程5 highwayengineering 公路工程6 railwayengineering 铁路工程7 port(harbour)andwaterwayengineering 港口与航道工程8 hydraulicengineering 水利工程9 hydraulicandhydroelectricengineering 水利发电工程（水电工1constructionworks 建筑物（构筑物）1structure 结构1foundation 基础1foundationsoil;subgrade;subbase;ground 地基1timberstructure 木结构1masonrystructure 砌体结构1steelstructure 钢结构1concretestructure 混凝土（砼）结构1specialengineeringstructure 特种工程结构1building 房屋建筑2industrialbuilding 工业建筑2civilbuilding;civilarchitecture 民用建筑2highway 公路2highwaynetwork 公路网2freeway 高速公路2arterialhighway 干线公路2feederhighway 支线公路2railway;railroad 铁路（铁道）2standardgaugerailway 标准轨距铁路2broadgaugerailway 宽轨距铁路3narrowgaugerailway 窄轨距铁路3railwayterminal 铁路枢纽3railwaystation 铁路车站3port;harbour 港口3marinestructure 港口水工建筑物3navigationstructure;navigationconstruction 通航（过船）建筑物3lighthouse 灯塔3waterconservancy 水利3 8 multipurposehydraulicproject;keywater-controlproject;hydro-junction水利枢纽3reservoir 水库4 0 hydraulicstructure;marinestructure;maritimeconstruction水工建筑物4waterretainingstructure;retainingworks 挡水建筑物4intakestructure 进水（取水）建筑物4outletstructure;outletworks;sluiceworks 泄水建筑物4conveyancestructure 输水建筑物4 5 regulatingstructure;trainingstructurerectificationstructure整治建筑物4 6 hydro-electricstation;hydropowerstation 水电站水泵站（抽水站、扬水4pumpstation 提水站）4safetydevice 安全设施2. 房屋建筑结构术语1 mixedstructure 混合结构2 slab-columnsystem 板柱结构3 framestructure 框架结构4 archstructure 拱结构5 folded-platestructure 折板结构6 shellstructure 壳体结构7 spacetrussstructure 风架结构8 cable-suspendedstructure 悬索结构9 pneumaticstructure 充气结构1shearwallstructure 剪力墙（结构墙）结构1frame-shearwallstructure 框架—剪力墙结构1tube 筒体结构1suspended 悬挂结构1high-rise 高耸结构3. 公路路线和铁路线路术语1 highway 公路路线2 highwayalignment 公路线形3 horizontalalignment 平面线形4 verticalalignment 纵面线形5 routeselection 公路选线6 routelocation 公路定线7 horizontalcurve 平面线8 verticalcurve 竖曲线9 gradechangepoint 变坡点1routeintersection 路线交叉1permanentway 铁路线路1railwaylocation 铁路选线1location 铁路定线1mainline 正线1sidings 站线1minimumradiusofcurve 最小曲线半1gradesection 坡段1maximum 最大坡度1grade 平面交叉2grade 立体交叉4. 桥、涵洞和隧道术语1 simplesupportedgirderbridge 桥2 continuousgirderbridge 简支梁桥3 cantilevergirderbridge 连续梁桥4 simplesupportedgirderbridge 悬臂梁桥5 cablestayedbridge 斜拉（斜张）桥6 suspensionbridge 悬索（吊）桥7 trussedbridge 桁架桥8 framebridge 框架桥9 rigidframebridge 刚构（刚架）桥1archbridge 拱桥1submersiblebridge 漫水桥1pontoonbridge 浮桥1rightbridge 正交桥1skewbridge 斜交桥1gradeseparatedbridge;overpassbridge 跨线（立交）桥1viaduct 高架桥1mainspan 正（主）桥1approachspan 引桥1curvedbridge 弯桥2rampbridge 坡桥2combinedbridge;highwayandrailwaytransitbridge 公路铁路两用桥2movablebridge 开合桥2single-trackbridge 单线桥2double-trackbridge 双线桥2bridgesuperstructure 桥跨结构（上部结2bridgefloorsystem 桥面系2bridgebearing;bridgesupport 桥支座2bridgesubstructure 桥下部结构2bridgetower 索塔（桥塔）3abutment 桥台3pier 桥墩3culvert 涵洞3tunnel 隧道（洞）3tunnelportal 隧道洞口（洞门）3tunnelsurroundingrock 隧道（洞）围岩3tunnellining 隧道（洞）衬砌5. 水工期建筑物术语1 dam 坝2 damaxis 坝轴线3 gravitydam 重力坝4 archdam 拱坝5 buttressdam 支墩坝6 earth-rockdam;embankmentdam 土石坝7 concretedam 混凝土坝8 rubberdam;flexibledam;fabricdam 橡胶坝9 spurdike;groin 丁坝1trainingdike 顺坝1spillway 溢洪道1weir 堰（溢流堰）1cofferdam 围堰1hydraulictunnel 水工隧洞1deepwaterintake 深式进水口1damtypehydropowerstation 堤坝式水电站1diversionconduittypehydropowerstation 引水（引水道）式水1tidalpowerstation 潮汐电站1pumpedstoragepowerstation 抽水蓄能电站2powerhouseofhydropowerstation 水电站厂房2forebay 前池2pressureconduit 压力管道2surgechamber 调压室2tailrace 尾水渠2navigationlock 船闸2shiplift;shipelevator 升船机2sluice;barrage 水闸2channel 渠道2aqueduct;bridgedflume 渡槽3chute 陡坡3drop 跌水3gallerysystem 坝内廊道系统3energydissipatingandanti-scourfacility 消能防冲设施3seepagecontrolfacility 防渗设施3drainagefacility 排水设施3reversefilter 反滤设施（倒滤设施）3turbine-pumpstation 水轮泵站3ramstation 水锤泵站3underdamculvert 坝下埋管4siltingbasin 沉消池4dike;levee 堤4breakwater;mole 防波堤4wharf;quay 码头4slopedwharf 斜坡码头4dolphinwharf 墩式码头4gravityquay-wall 重力式码头4sheet-pilequay-wall 板桩码头4openpieronpiles;high-pilewharf 高桩码头4floatingpier;pontoonwharf 浮（趸船）5dock 船坞5ship-buildingberth 船台5slipway 滑道6. 结构构件和部件术语member构件 component;assemblyparts 部件 section截面 beam;girder 梁 arch拱 slab;plate 板 shell 壳 column 柱 wall 墙 truss 桁架 frame 框架 bentframe 排架 rigidframe刚架（刚构） simplysupportedbeam 简支梁 cantileverbeam悬臂梁beamfixedatbothends 两端固定梁 continuousbeam 连续梁 superposedbeam 叠合梁 pile桩 sheetpile 板桩 pavement 路面 carriageway行车道 speed-changelane 变速车道 sidewalk人行道 laneseparator 分隔带 bicyclepath 自行车道 roadshoulder公路路肩 subgradesideditch路基边沟 catchditch;interceptingchannel 截水沟（天drainageditch排水沟 slopeprotection;revetment 护坡 retainingwall 挡土墙 railwaytrack 铁路轨道 rail 钢轨 sleeper轨枕 trackskeleton 轨排 bed 道床 ballast 道碴 turnout道岔railwayshuntinghump 铁路调车驼峰 continuousweldedrail无缝线路1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363734railfastening 钢轨扣件4guardrail 护轮轨4railwayshoulder 铁路路肩4wharfshoulder 码头胸墙4relievingslab 卸荷板4berthingmember 靠船构件4mooringpostbollard 系船柱4mooringring 系船环5sluicechamber 闸室5sluicegate;lockgate 闸门5sluicepier 闸墩5apron 护坦5apronextension;apron 海漫5stillingbasin 消能池（消力5rollerbucket 消能戽（消力5apron;imperviousblanket 防渗铺盖5imperviouscurtain;cut-off 防渗帷幕5sealing;seal;water-stop 止水6connection 连接6joint 节点6expansionandcontractionjoint 伸缩缝6settlementjoint 沉降缝6seismicjoint 防震缝6constructionjoint 施工缝7. 地基和基础术语1 spreadfoundation 扩展（扩大）2 rigidfoundation 刚性基础3 singlefooting 独立基础4 combinedfooting 联合基础5 stripfoundation 条形基础6 shellfoundation 壳体基础7 boxfoundation 箱形基础8 raftfoundation 筏形基础9 pilefoundation 桩基础1opencaissonfoundation 沉井基础1cylinderpilefoundation;cylindercaissonfoundation 管柱基础1caissonfoundation 沉箱基础1subgradeofhighway(railway);formation 路基1bed;bedding 基床8. 结构可靠性和设计方法术语1 reliability 可靠性2 safety 安全性3 serviceability 适用性4 durability 耐久性5 basicvariable 基本变量6 designreferenceperiod 设计基准期7 probabilityofsurvival 可靠概率8 probabilityoffailure 失效概率9 reliabilityindex 可靠指标1calibration 校准法1deterministicmethod 定值设计法1probabilisticmethod 概率设计法1permissible(allowable)stressesmethod 容许应力设计法1ultimatestrengthmethod 破坏强度设计法1limitstatesmethod 极限状态设计法1limitstates 极限状态1limitstateequation 极限状态方程1ultimatelimitstates 承载能力极限状1serviceabilitylimitstates 正常使用极限状态2partialsafetyfactor 分项系数2designsituation 设计状况2persistentsituation 持久状况2transientsituation 短暂状况2accidentalsituation 偶然状况9. 结构上的作用、作用代表值和作用效应术语1 action 作用2 load 荷载3 forceperunitlength 线分布力4 forceperunitarea 面分布力5 forceperunitvolume 体分布力6 momentofforce 力矩7 permanentaction 永久作用8 variableaction 可变作用9 accidentalaction 偶然作用1fixedaction 固定作用1freeaction 自由（可动）作用.1staticaction 静态作用1dynamicaction 动态作用1repeatedaction;cyclicaction 多次重复作用1lowfrequencycyclicaction 低周反复作用1selfweight 自重1siteload 施工荷载1earthpressure 土压力1temperatureaction 温度作用2earthquakeaction 地震作用2explosionaction 爆炸作用2windload 风荷载2windvibration 风振2snowload 雪荷载2craneload 吊车荷载2floorliveload;roofliveload 楼面、屋面活荷载2loadonbridge 桥（桥梁）荷载2deadloadonbridge 桥（桥梁）恒荷载2liveloadonbridge 桥（桥梁）活荷载3standardhighwayvehicleload 公路车辆荷载标3standardrailwayliveload 中国铁路标准活3shipload 船舶荷载3craneandvehicleload 起重运输机械荷3shipimpactforce 船舶撞击力3shipbreastingforce 船舶挤靠力3mooringforce 船舶系缆力3waterpressure 水压力3buoyantforce;floatage 浮力3upliftpressure 扬压力4wavepressure;waveforce 浪压力（波浪力）4icepressure 冰压力4siltpressure 泥沙压力4frostheaveforce;frostheavepressure 冻胀力4representativevalueofanaction 作用代表值4characteristicvalueofanaction 作用标准值4quasi-permanentvalueofanaction 作用准永久值4combinationvalueofactions 作用组合值4partialsafetyfactorforaction 作用分项系数4designvalueofanaction 作用设计值5coefficientforcombinationvalueofactions 作用组合值系数5effectsofactions 作用效应5coefficientofeffectsofactions 作用效应系数5normalforce 轴向力5shearforce 剪力5bendingmoment 弯矩5bimoment 双弯矩5torque 扭矩5stress 应力5normalstress 正应力6shearstress;tangentialstress 剪应力6principalstress 主应力6prestress 预应力6displacement 位移6deflection 挠度6deformation 变形6elasticdeformation 弹性变形6plasticdeformation 塑性变形6imposeddeformation 外加变形6restraineddeformation 约束变形7strain 应变7linearstrain 线应变7shearstrain;tangentialstrain _、r-i、一-花亠7principalstrain 主应变7combinationforactioneffects 作用效应组合7fundamentalcombinationforactioneffects 作用效应基本组7accidentalcombinationforactioneffects 作用效应偶然组7combinationforshort-termactioneffects 短期效应组合7combinationforlong-termactioneffects 长期效应组合7limitingdesignvalue 设计限值10. 材料性能、构件承载能力和材料性能代表值术语1 resistance 抗力2 strength 强度3 compressivestrength 抗压强度4 tensilestrength 抗拉强度5 shearstrength 抗剪强度6 flexuralstrength 抗弯强度7 yieldstrength 屈服强度8 fatiguestrength 疲劳强度9 ultimatestrain 极限应变1modulusofelasticity 弹性模量1shearmodulus 剪变模量1modulusofdeformation 变形模量1poissonratio 泊松比1bearingcapacity 承载能力1compressivecapacity 受压承载能力1tensilecapacity 受拉承载能力1shearcapacity 受剪承载能力1flexuralcapacity 受弯承载能力1torsionalcapacity 受扭承载能力2fatiguecapacity 疲劳承载能力2stiffness;rigidity 刚度2crackresistance 抗裂度2ultimatedeformation 极限变形2stability 稳定性2spatialbehaviour 空间工作性能2brittlefailure 脆性破坏2ductilefailure 延性破坏2partialsafetyfactorforresistance 抗力分项系数2characteristicvalueofapropertyofamaterial 材料性能标准值3partialsafetyfactorforpropertyofmaterial 材料性能分项系数3designvalueofapropertyofamaterial 材料性能设计值3normalvalueofgeometricparameter 几何参数标准值11. 几何参数和常用量程术语1 heightofsection;depthofsection 截面高度2 breadthofsection 截面宽度3 thicknessofsection 截面厚度4 diameterofsection 截面直径5 perimeterofsection 截面周长6 areaofsection 截面面积7 firstmomentofarea 截面面积矩8 secondmomentofarea;momentofinertia 截面惯性矩9 polarsecondmomentofarea;polarmomentofinertia截面极惯性矩1sectionmodulus 截面模量（抵抗矩）1radiusofgyration 截面回转半径1eccentricity 偏心矩1relativeeccentricity 偏心率1length 长度1span 跨度1rise 矢高1slendernessratio 长细比1longitudinalgradient 纵坡1superelevation 超高2sightdistance 视距2widthofsubgrade 路面宽度2widthofsubgrade 路基宽度2clearanceofhighway 公路建筑限界2gauge 轨矩2railroadclearance 铁路建筑限界2clearanceunderbridge 桥下净空2constructionheightofbridge 桥建筑高度2clearanceabovebridgefloor 桥建筑限界2clearanceoftunnel 隧道建筑限界3berth 泊位3additionaldepth;residualdepth 富余水深3wavecharacteristics;waveparameters 波浪要素3tidelevel 潮位3waterlevel 水位3designwaterlevel 设计水位3damheight 坝高3damlength 坝长3freeboard 安全超高（富余高度）3deadwaterlevel 水库死水位4normal(pool)level 水库设计（正常）蓄4designfloodlevel 水库设计洪水位4exceptionalfloodlevel 水库校长核洪水位4deadstorage 水库死（垫底）库容4usablestorage 水库兴利（有效、调节）4totalreservoirstorage 水库总库容total12. 工程结构设计常用的物理学、数理统计1 coefficientoffriction 磨擦系数2 massdensity 质量密度3 force(weight)density 重力密度4 momentofmomentum 动量矩5 dynamicmomentofinertia 转动惯量6 dynamiceffectfactor 动作用系数7 vibration 振动8 acceleration 加速度9 frequency 频率1naturalfrequency 自振（固有）1period 周期1naturalperiodofvibration 自振周期1periodicvibration 周期振动1amplitudeofvibration 振幅1degreeoffreedom 自由度1damp 阻尼1forcedvibration 强迫振动1modeofvibration 振型1resonance 共振2statisticalparameter 统计参数2meanvalue 平均值2meansquaredeviation 、-、八方差2standarddeviation 标准差2coefficientofmeanvalue 均值系数2Z-*/-*•・z-*・・变异系数2probabilitydistribution 概率分布2fractile;quantile 分位数2significancelevel 显著性水平2hydro-staticpressure 静水压强3hydro-dynamicpressure 动水压强3totalhydro-staticpressure 静水总压力3pressuregradient 压力梯度3pressurehead 压力水头3levelhead 位置水头3streamfield 流畅3streamfield 流线3velocityofflow 流速3velocityheadofflow 流速水头3totalhead 总水头4headloss 水头损失4dischargecrosssection 过水断面4wettedperimeter 湿周4hydraulicradius 水力半径4discharge;flowrate 流量4averagevelocity 平均流速4coefficientofroughness 糙率（粗糙系数）4hydraulicslope;energygradient 水力坡度（水力比降）4Reynoldsnumber 雷诺数（re）4Froudenumber 弗汝德数（fr）5waterhammer 水锤（水击）5hydraulicjump 水跃5seepageflow 渗流5coefficientofcompressibility 压缩系数5cohesion 内聚力（粘聚力）5coefficientofconsolidation 固结系数5relativedensity 相对密度5compactness 密实度5modulusofcompressibility 压缩模量5porosity 孔隙比6porosity 孔隙率（度）6liquidityindex 液性指数6plasticity 塑性指数6degreeofsaturation 渗透系数6degreeofsaturation 饱和度6degreeofconsolidation 固结度6porewaterpressure 孔隙水压力6watercontent 含水量6liquidlimit 液限6plasticlimit 塑限7angleofrepose 休止角7angleofexternalfriction 外磨擦角7angleofinternalfriction 内摩擦角7earthquake 地震7earthquakefocus 震源7earthquakeepicenter 震中7epicentraldistance 震中距7earthquakemagnitude 地震震级7earthquakeintensity 地震烈度7earthquakezone 地震区8earthquakeresponsespectrum 反应谱8staticmethod 静力法8equivalentbaseshearmethod 底部剪力法（拟静力8time-historymethod 时程分析法8modeanalysismethod 振型分解法8earthquakedynamicwaterpressure 地震动水压力地震动土压力 砂土液化86earthquakedynamicearthpressure 87liquefactionofsaturatedsoil。
土木工程专业英语重点词汇
highway construction 公路施工, layered construction层铺法施工waste deposit弃土堆fill填方cut 挖方compaction 压实degree of compaction压实度compaction test击实试验dry density干密度Moisture ( water) content 含水量roller压路机structural mechanics结构力学；structural design结构设计dead load恒载live load活载vertical force竖向力horizontal force水平力Compressive stress压应力Tensile stress拉应力Shearing force剪切力Tensile strength抗拉强度Compressive strength抗压强度Reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土Plain (unreinforced) concrete 素混凝土Prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土Pretensioning method 先张法Posttensioning method后张法Precast concrete 预制混凝土Contract: 合同，契约；Engineering Contract：工程合同contract term: 合同条款breach of contract: 违约Bidders：投标人，出价人competitive bidding竞标,公开招标lump-sum contract总价合同unit price contract单价合同contractor承包商alignment: 线形alignment design: geometric design 线形设计Horizontal alignment: 平面线形Vertical alignment：纵面线形Circular curves 圆曲线Spiral or transition curves 缓和曲线Simple curves 单曲线Compound curves 复曲线Convex curves: crest vertical curves凸曲线Concave curves: sag vertical curves 凹曲线Design speed: principal factor 设计车速superelevation超高sight distance视距Pavement: 路面，铺砌层Rrigid pavement：刚性路面Flexible pavement：柔性路面bituminous concrete pavement 沥青混凝土路面bituminous mixture 沥青混合料面层base course基层subbase底基层bed course垫层semi-rigid base 半刚性基层subgrade路基embankment 路堤cutting路堑式part cut-part fill subgrade半填半挖式joint 接缝construction joint 施工缝Longitudinal joint 纵向接缝Transverse joint 横向接缝Expansion joint 胀缝Coarse aggregate 粗集料Fine aggregate 细集料Filler 填料Chips 石屑Mineral powder 矿粉Crushed stone/ Broken stone 碎石gradation：级配grading curve：级配曲线Gap graded（间断级配）Continuously graded（连续级配）Penetration(针入度）Softening point （软化点）Penetration index（针入度指数）Brittle point （脆点）Ductility（延度）Durability （耐久性）Control of access(出入口控制）Grade separation 立体交叉Pavenment marking (路面标线）Viaduct 高架桥deck bridge 上承式桥through bridge 下承式桥Span 跨径computed span 计算跨径clear span 净跨径Short-span bridge 小跨径桥Medium-span bridge 中跨径桥Long-span bridge 大跨径桥beam (girder) bridge 梁桥Arch bridge 拱桥cable stayed bridge 斜拉桥(斜张桥) suspension bridge 悬索桥rigid frame bridge 刚构桥Bridge substructure下部结构Bridge superstructure上部结构Bearing 支座Pier 桥墩Abutment 桥台Main span：主跨Side span: 边跨Foundation 基础pile foundation桩基础预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile Skew crossing: 斜交（桥）Rectangular crossing: 正交（桥）。
土木工程类英文专业词汇
土木工程类英文专业词汇土木工程是一个涉及土地开发、设计、建造和维护的复杂领域。
在这个领域中，有许多具有专业性、特定含义和用途的英文术语。
掌握这些专业词汇对于在这个领域工作或学习的人来说非常必要。
本文将介绍土木工程常用的英语专业词汇。
1.Civil engineering –土木工程学Civil engineering is a discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the built environment, including buildings, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure.2.Architecture –建筑学Architecture is the art and science of designing and building structures, such as buildings and bridges.3.Planning –规划Planning is the process of making a detailed plan or layout for a project, including determining what resources will be needed to complete the project.4.Surveying –测量Surveying is the process of measuring and mapping the surface of the Earth, including land, water bodies, and buildings.5.Structural engineering –结构工程Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the design and analysis of structures, such as buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure.6.Geotechnical engineering –岩土工程Geotechnical engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the study of soil and rock mechanics, and the design and construction of structures that are built on or in the ground.7.Transportation engineering –交通运输工程Transportation engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that dealswith the design and construction of transportation infrastructure, such as roads, highways, and airports.8.Hydrology –水文学Hydrology is the study of water and its movement on the surface of the Earth, including precipitation, streams, rivers, and groundwater.9.Water resources engineering –水资源工程Water resources engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the study of water resources and the design and construction of structures that manage and distribute water, including dams, reservoirs, and water treatment plants.10.Environmental engineering –环境工程Environmental engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the study of environmental engineering principles and the design and construction of structures that protect the environment, such as water treatment plants and wastewater treatment plants.11.Construction –建造Construction refers to the process of building structures from design plans and specifications.12.Industrial engineering –工业工程Industrial engineering is a discipline that deals with the optimization of complex processes, systems, and organizations, with the goal of improving efficiency, productivity, and safety.13.Quantity surveying –工程测量Quantity surveying is the process of determining the quantity, cost, and value of materials needed to complete a construction project.14.Building –建筑物Building refers to a structure that is built for a specific purpose, such as a house, office building, or factory.15.Foundation –基础Foundation refers to the part of a structure that is in direct contact with the ground and supports the weight of the structure.16.Reinforcement –钢筋加固Reinforcement refers to the process of adding materials, such as steel bars, to strengthen a structure.17.Retaining wall –挡土墙A retaining wall is a structure that is built to support soil and prevent it from sliding down a slope.18.Roadway –道路A roadway is a paved surface that is designed for vehicles and pedestrians to travel on.19.Bridge –桥梁A bridge is a structure that is built to span a physical obstacle, such as a river or gorge, and provide a safe means of transportation.20.Culvert –排水管A culvert is a structure that is built to allow water to pass under a roadway or other structure.21.Dam –水坝A dam is a structure that is built to control the flow of water and to provide water for human consumption, irrigation, and hydroelectric power.22.Pile –桩A pile is a foundation support structure that is driven into the ground to supporta structure.23.Slab –地板A slab is a flat, horizontal surface that is used as a flooring material or to supporta structure.24.Tunnel –隧道A tunnel is an underground structure that is built for transportation, utilities, or other purposes.25.Asphalt –沥青Asphalt is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid that is used as a binder for paving materials.以上就是土木工程类英文专业词汇的介绍，这些专业词汇对于在土木工程领域中工作或学习的人来说都是非常重要的。
土木工程英语(全面完整版)
专业英语的结构特点及其翻译
① 顺译法：依照英语原文顺序依次译出 In the course of designing a structure, you have to take into consideration what kind of load the above mentioned structure will be subjected to, where on the structure the said load will do what is expected and whether the load on the structure is put into position all of a sudden or applied by degree. 结构设计时，你必须考虑到设计的结构受到什么样 的荷载，这一荷载在结构的什么位置起（预计 的）作用，以及这一荷载是突然施加，还是逐 渐加到结构指定位置的。
glossary
• 100 major words
• 土木工程专业常用英语词汇
第一节 一般术语
• 1. 工程结构 building and civil engineering structures 房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分 的总称。 2. 房屋建筑工程 building engineering 一般称建筑工程。 3. 土木工程 civil engineering 除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、 构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施 工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 4. 公路工程 highway engineering 5. 铁路工程 railway engineering 6. 港口与航道工程 port ( harbor ) and waterway engineering 7. 建筑物（构筑物） construction works 房屋建筑或土木工程中的单项工程实体。 8. 地基 foundation soil • 9. 木结构 timber structure 10. 工业建筑 industrial building；民用建筑 civil building; civil architecture
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
stability稳定性
earthquake地震
wastewater treatment plant废水处理厂
air scrubber空气净化器
installation安装
strength强度
rate of flow流率
frame work框架，构架
natural resource自然资源
superstructure上部建筑
substructure基础
foundation基础，地基
steel framework刚架结构
cast-iron铸铁
reinforced concrete钢筋水泥
masonry砌体
corrugated steel deck波纹钢地板
ateral force(deformation) 侧向力（变形）
transparent透明的，明晰的
opaque不透明的
pre-cast concrete预浇铸水泥
stiffness硬度
rib肋骨
slab beam薄板梁
ventilating通风
three-dimension三维的，立体的
hinge绞链
elastic property弹性性能
truss桁架
plumbing system水管系统
residential居住的，住宅的
innovation创新，新事物
eliminate排除
column柱，圆柱物
demonstrate证明，示范
project凸出，投射，工程
truss框架
bundle捆，束
terminate使终止
façade房屋的正面，外观
perimeter周围，周界
encroach侵占
high-rise building高层建筑
reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土
spandrel beam窗下墙的墙托梁
shear wall剪力墙
lintel过梁
deck甲板
corrugate弄皱
duct管道，预应力筋孔道
ancillary辅助的
ventilate使通风
conceal隐蔽
curtain wall 悬墙，幕墙
bearing wall 承重墙
plumbing system卫生设备系统
conduit管道
stratification分层，层理
exhibit显示，呈现
Lesson5
organic matter有机物质
noxious odor有毒气体
Lesson2
budget预算
raw material原材料
compression压缩
compressive strength抗压强度
tension拉伸
tensile strength抗拉强度
support支撑
vertical垂直的
horizontal水平的
column柱子
beam梁
frame construction 框架结构
community and urban planning社区与市政规划
survey测量，勘测
engineering management工程管理
drainage system排污系统
utility公共设施
groundwater地下水
material property(behavior)材料性能
potential潜能，电位
incarnation化身，体现
blank wall挡墙
cave dweller穴居人
Gothic cathedral哥特式大教堂
Lesson3
component构件
load-carrying capability承受能力
ptioartin隔板，隔墙
heating and cooling system加热与冷却系统
framed tube框式筒体
column-diagonal truss tube基础，地基
bundled tube筒体系
spandrel beams拱梁
rigid shear wall tube刚性承剪墙式筒体
composite material复合材料
spectacular 壮观的
sway摇摆，歪，使倾斜
discipline学科，分枝
predominate居支配地位，（数量上）占优势
geotechnical 岩土工程的
specification 详述，说明书，清单
supervise 监督，管理
subcontractor 转包合同
asphalt 沥青
aluminum 铝
runoff 雨量，流量
lock 水闸，闸门
fill 装填物，填土
scrubber 洗涤器
incineration 焚化
toxic 有毒的
combustible 易燃的
ramp 斜坡
excavate 挖掘
aerial 空气的，航空的
sonic 声音的，音速的，利用音波的
plotting 测绘，标图
municipal 市政的，地方的
commission 委员会
partition分开，隔墙
converter炼钢炉
surpass超过
exterior外部（的）
Lesson4
stressed-skin tube承力表层式筒体
lateral sway侧面位移
stiffness刚度，刚性
boundary condition边界条件
rigid belt trusses刚性带式桁架
cantilever悬臂梁
golden section黄金分割点
mathematical formulas数学公式
sHale Waihona Puke ress应力strain应变
character特性，性能
geography地理
shelter遮蔽处
encompass 包括，围绕
identical 完全相同的
illumination 照明
Lesson1
civil engineering土木工程
structural engineering结构工程
water resources engineering水源工程
environmental engineering环境工程
transportation engineering运输工程
construction engineering建筑工程
parlance 说法，用法
edifice 大建筑物，大厦
dominant 支配的，占优势
nave早期教堂中殿，中央广场
aisle走廊
transept教堂的交叉通道
apse教堂的后殿
balustrade栏杆
intermediate中间的
clue线索
colonnade柱廊，柱列
aspiration抱负，渴望