季佩英 学术英语综合 译文(1.2.3.4.5.7.8)
季佩玉、范烨学术英语答案
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季佩玉、范烨学术英语答案2. And yet, isn't there something wonderous, — something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, — or more likely, a few dozen— waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手;2)自由企业制度3)股东4)经济体制5)开发产品和服务6)市场力量;市场调节作用7)金融机构8)严重衰退9)破产10)mission11)stock price12)corporate motto14)maximize profits 15)financial system Part 2:1)market forces2)financial institutions 3)free enterprise system 4)deep institutions5)invisible hand6)stockholder7)profit maximization 8)economic system Task 2:1.and;2.Another;3. also;4. Not only;but;5. otherTask 31. understanding;2. agree with;3. forces… to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激;2)与外部世界隔离3)陷入绝境4)易感抑郁5)恢复体能6)界定性特征7)暂时的挫败8)不因挫败而心烦意乱9)竞选权位10)吹着欢快的曲调Part 2:1)bout 2)validated 3)squabble 4)aptitude5)platitude 6)debilitate7)reassuring 8)undermine 9)ruminate 10)martial Task 2:1.contrasting;2.in contrast;3. However;4. different;5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of;2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2:1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflects Mentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2:…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between the first type of response3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化,数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2:1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2:1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2:1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV program Task 2:1. The present perfect tense(现在完成时)emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different times Task 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure:temptationgrueling:working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job:humble jobrecrafted:turnedHe might be doing a humble job,but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails:requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to:being beneficial toconnotation:implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society,and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的;手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret亚当斯密称它为“看不见的手”导致无数人的神秘力量,各为自己的利益工作,推动结束,受益多。
学术综合英语unit1-5课文翻译
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Presenting a speech(做演讲)Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through在人类所有的创造中,语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit来分享经验,表达(传递?)价值观,交换想法,传播知识,knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself.传承文化。
事实上,对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality butalso helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events].和通常所认为的不同的是,语言并不只是简单地反映现实,语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视,也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
学术综合英语课文翻译
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Presenting a speech (做演讲)Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. Contrary to popular belief, language does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality by giving meaning to events.在人类所有的创造中,语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言来分享经验,表达(传递?)价值观,交换想法,传播知识,传承文化。
事实上,对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
和通常所认为的不同的是,语言并不只是简单地反映现实,语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视,也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
学术英语综合季佩英版第八单元课文翻译
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学术英语综合季佩英版第八单元课文翻译(总2页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--TEXT A 从柏柏尔人到巴赫的全球化路径作为一个专业大提琴家,在过去30年,我在这条道上花了相当于两个完整的十年来学习和表演音乐传统和文化。
我的旅行使我相信,在我们的全球化世界中,文化传统形成了以身份,社会稳定和相互帮助为主的重要框架。
一个快速变化的世界必然会让我们造成文化上的不安全感,使人们质疑自己的地位。
全球化常常让我们适应别人的规则,这似乎威胁了个人的身份。
这自然使我们紧张,因为这些规则要求我们改变我们的历史悠久的习惯。
因此,对于今天的全球化领导者的关键问题是:习惯和文化该如何演变来加入一个更大的星球,同时不牺牲独特的身份和个人的自豪感?我的音乐之旅提醒我,全球化带来的互动不仅仅是破坏文化,他们可以创造新的文化,振兴和传播已经存在多年的传统。
它与生态术语“边缘效应”不同,后者用于描述当两个不同的生态系统相遇例如森林和大草原时会发生什么。
在那个界面上,密度最小的地方生命形式最多样化,每个生物都可以在两个生态系统的核心中找到。
有时候最有趣的事情发生在边缘。
在交叉处有着令人意外的组成。
文化这块织布是由世界各个角落的人汇聚而成的。
发现世界的一种方法是深入挖掘它的传统。
例如,在音乐方面,任何大提琴手的核心是巴赫的《无伴奏大提琴组曲》。
而其中每个组曲的心脏是一个称为萨拉班德舞的舞蹈。
这个舞蹈起源于北非柏柏尔人的音乐,那里是一个缓慢,性感的舞蹈。
它下一次出现在西班牙,在那里被禁止,因为它被认为猥亵和淫荡。
西班牙人把它带到美洲,但它也前往法国,在那里它成为一个戏剧性的舞蹈。
在1720年代,巴赫将其合并到《无伴奏大提琴组曲》中。
今天,我,一个中国人在巴黎生的美国人,也在玩巴赫。
那么,谁真正拥有萨拉班德舞?每个文化都包含着音乐,并赋予其特定的意义,但每个文化必须共享所有权:它属于我们所有。
季佩玉、范烨学术英语答案
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季佩玉、范烨学术英语答案2. And yet, isn't there something wonderous, — something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, — or more likely, a few dozen— waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手;2)自由企业制度3)股东4)经济体制5)开发产品和服务6)市场力量;市场调节作用7)金融机构8)严重衰退9)破产10)mission11)stock price12)corporate motto14)maximize profits 15)financial system Part 2:1)market forces2)financial institutions 3)free enterprise system 4)deep institutions5)invisible hand6)stockholder7)profit maximization 8)economic system Task 2:1.and;2.Another;3. also;4. Not only;but;5. otherTask 31. understanding;2. agree with;3. forces… to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激;2)与外部世界隔离3)陷入绝境4)易感抑郁5)恢复体能6)界定性特征7)暂时的挫败8)不因挫败而心烦意乱9)竞选权位10)吹着欢快的曲调Part 2:1)bout 2)validated 3)squabble 4)aptitude5)platitude 6)debilitate7)reassuring 8)undermine 9)ruminate 10)martial Task 2:1.contrasting;2.in contrast;3. However;4. different;5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of;2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2:1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflects Mentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2:…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between the first type of response3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化,数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2:1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2:1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2:1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV program Task 2:1. The present perfect tense(现在完成时)emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different times Task 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure:temptationgrueling:working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job:humble jobrecrafted:turnedHe might be doing a humble job,but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails:requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to:being beneficial toconnotation:implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society,and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的;手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret亚当斯密称它为“看不见的手”导致无数人的神秘力量,各为自己的利益工作,推动结束,受益多。
《学术英语综合》季佩英版课文翻译
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《学术英语综合》季佩英版课文翻译感谢看不见的手感谢全能的上帝是感恩节的主题,自从清教徒带来了他们的第一批丰收的朝圣者...直到今天,在全国数以百万计的家庭中,上帝会感谢许多礼物、餐桌上的盛宴和亲属的陪伴、健康和好运,在过去的一年里,和平的家庭,生来或成为美国人获得了无数特权。
但这可能不会发生,因为我们太感谢了。
本周当地超市有很多火鸡出售。
尽管不虔诚地感谢上帝的飞行安排,一些亲戚还是飞回家过感恩节。
或者让当地电影院掌握周末时间和(电影名称)的到来。
或者报纸上蓝莓苹果派食谱的食物部分。
这些事情我们或多或少都认为是理所当然的这几乎不需要奇迹来解释为什么感恩节前杂货店的存货是火鸡存货,或者为什么好莱坞电影在假期上映。
这就是他们所做的然而,上帝在哪里呢?在你的感恩节周末里,没有什么是美妙的——几乎无法解释的——对许多陌生人来说,技能和劳动是可能的火鸡餐桌,例如,家禽饲养者饲养的鸟,需要成千上万的人努力工作,当然,也为卡车司机提供营养和饲料经销商,卡车司机把它带到农场,更不用说由建筑师设计的孵化场,建造它的工人,以及保持它运转的技术人员这只鸟已经被宰杀、拔毛,运输和卸载袋的价格也已经被检查和展示完成这些任务的人是由其他人的军队完成的,其他人完成了其他任务——从提炼汽油、加油车到制作塑料肉包。
无数的活动在结婚几个月后,远方的男人和女人必须精心设计和精确计时,这样才能有一种或多种可能,有几十种可能等着你去买新鲜的感恩节火鸡。
协调的程度,关闭它的需要令人难以置信。
但是更不可思议的是没有协调没有哪个火鸡沙皇坐在指挥所里,查阅主人的程序。
命令人们四处走动没有人能驾驭所有的人,迫使他们为了你的利益而合作。
然而,他们合作了当你到达超市时,那里有四只火鸡你不需要做任何事情,但是如果你买了它,这是一个奇迹。
我们应该叫它什么?亚当·斯密称之为“看不见的手”,这导致了无数为自己的利益而工作的人的神秘力量,他们为达到目的而努力,并从中受益匪浅。
学术综合英语课文翻译
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Presenting a speech (做演讲)Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. Contrary to popular belief, language does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality by giving meaning to events.在人类所有的创造中,语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言来分享经验,表达(传递?)价值观,交换想法,传播知识,传承文化。
事实上,对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
和通常所认为的不同的是,语言并不只是简单地反映现实,语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视,也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
《学术英语综合》季佩英版课文翻译
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翻译,U1U1A 感谢看不见的手感谢全能的上帝是感恩节的主题,并自清教徒带来在他们的第一个丰收的朝圣者…直到今天,在全国各地的数以百万计的家庭,上帝会感谢许多礼物,桌上的盛宴和亲人的公司,健康和好运,在过去的一年,和平时期的家庭,为无数特权出生或成为-美国人。
但这可能不会发生在我们太多的感谢的事实,本周当地超市有大量的火鸡出售。
即使不虔诚感谢上帝的航班安排,使得某些亲人飞回家过感恩节。
或为当地的电影院在周末的时间掌握和(电影名)到来。
或者是报纸上伟大的越橘苹果派食谱的食品部分。
这些东西我们采取更多或更少的理所当然。
这几乎不需要一个奇迹来解释为什么杂货店的股票在感恩节前火鸡的股票,或者为什么好莱坞电影在大假期的时间释放。
这就是他们所做的。
上帝在哪里,然而,在那里,没有什么奇妙的东西-几乎是无法解释的-在你的感恩节周末的方式是可能的技能和劳动力的大量的陌生人把火鸡的餐桌,例如,需要成千上万的人努力的家禽农户养的鸟,当然,也提供营养,谁把它带到农场的卡车司机的饲料经销商,更不用说建筑师设计的孵化场,工人建造它,并保持它的运行技术人员。
这只鸟已经被宰杀、拔毛和检查运输和卸载包售价并显示。
完成这些任务的人是由其他人的军队来完成的,其他人完成了其他的任务--从精炼的汽油,燃料的卡车,制造塑料的肉类包装。
无数的活动遥远的男人和女人经过结婚几个月必须精心设计和精确定时,使v'nen结果你买新鲜的感恩节火鸡,会有一个或更多的可能,几十个等待。
协调水平,需要把它关闭是令人难以置信的。
但更令人难以置信的是:没有一个协调。
没有火鸡沙皇坐在指挥所的地方,咨询硕士计划。
发号施令。
没有人骑着所有的人,迫使他们合作,为你的利益。
学术综合英语1_5课课文与翻译
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Presenting a speech(做演讲)Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Throughlanguage we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events].在人类所有的创造中,语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言来分享经验,传递价值观,交流思想,传播知识,传承文化。
事实上,对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
和通常所认为的不同的是,语言并不只是简单地反映现实,语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视,也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英
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(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商;饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or morelikely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手;2)自由企业制度3)股东4)经济体制5)开发产品和服务6)市场力量;市场调节作用7)金融机构8)严重衰退9)破产10)mission11)stock price12)corporate motto13)assets14)maximize profits 15)financial systemPart 2:1)market forces2)financial institutions 3)free enterprise system 4)deep institutions5)invisible hand6)stockholder7)profit maximization 8)economic system Task 2:1.and;2.Another;3. also;4. Not only;but;5. otherTask 31. understanding;2. agree with;3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激;2)与外部世界隔离3)陷入绝境4)易感抑郁5)恢复体能6)界定性特征7)暂时的挫败8)不因挫败而心烦意乱9)竞选权位10)吹着欢快的曲调Part 2:1)bout 2)validated3)squabble 4)aptitude5)platitude 6)debilitate7)reassuring 8)undermine9)ruminate 10)martialTask 2:1.contrasting;2.in contrast;3. However;4. different;5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of;2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2:1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist B Epistemologist A phenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2:…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化,数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2:1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2:1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptivemathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2:1. To achieve professional development isimportant as ameans to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2:1. The present perfect tense(现在完成时)emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure:temptationgrueling:working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years ina humble position3. lowly job:humble jobrecrafted:turnedHe might be doing a humble job,but he would turn it intoa great mission4. entails:requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to:being beneficial toconnotation:implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society,and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefs Unit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性/doc/aaf6c3adfac75fbfc77da26925c52cc58 ad6907f.html anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的;手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
学术综合英语课文翻译
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Presenting a speech (做演讲)Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. Contrary to popular belief, language does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality by giving meaning to events.在人类所有的创造中,语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言来分享经验,表达(传递?)价值观,交换想法,传播知识,传承文化。
事实上,对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
和通常所认为的不同的是,语言并不只是简单地反映现实,语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视,也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英
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Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商;饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手;2)自由企业制度3)股东4)经济体制5)开发产品和服务6)市场力量;市场调节作用7)金融机构8)严重衰退9)破产10)mission11)stock price12)corporate motto13)assets14)maximize profits 15)financial systemPart 2:1)market forces2)financial institutions 3)free enterprise system 4)deep institutions5)invisible hand6)stockholder7)profit maximization 8)economic system Task 2:1.and;2.Another;3. also;4. Not only;but;5. otherTask 31. understanding;2. agree with;3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激;2)与外部世界隔离3)陷入绝境4)易感抑郁5)恢复体能6)界定性特征7)暂时的挫败8)不因挫败而心烦意乱9)竞选权位10)吹着欢快的曲调Part 2:1)bout 2)validated3)squabble 4)aptitude5)platitude 6)debilitate7)reassuring 8)undermine9)ruminate 10)martialTask 2:1.contrasting;2.in contrast;3. However;4. different;5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of;2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2:1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2:…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化,数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2:1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2:1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2:1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2:1. The present perfect tense(现在完成时)emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure:temptationgrueling:working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job:humble jobrecrafted:turnedHe might be doing a humble job,but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails:requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to:being beneficial toconnotation:implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society,and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的;手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
学术综合英语原文翻译
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Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through在人类所有的创造中,语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit来分享经验,表达(传递?)价值观,交换想法,传播知识,knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself.传承文化。
事实上,对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality butalso helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events].和通常所认为的不同的是,语言并不只是简单地反映现实,语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视,也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
学术综合英语unit课文翻译
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Presenting a speech(做演讲)Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through在人类所有的创造中,语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit来分享经验,表达(传递?)价值观,交换想法,传播知识,knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself.传承文化。
事实上,对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality butalso helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events].和通常所认为的不同的是,语言并不只是简单地反映现实,语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视,也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
学术英语综合课文翻译季佩英
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Unit 4 环境Text A The Green Movement at 50: What Next?环保的当今时代是约半个世纪之久。
那段时间意识不断壮大,我们所面临的挑战知识增加,而重要的实践已经取得了进展,例如在一些减少各种污染,并在建立保护区。
我们是,但是,仍然由协调人什么我们的星球能提供可持续的要求很远。
人与自然之间的不平衡的后果是出现在改变地球的气候,动物和植物的势头,并在关键的资源,包括野生鱼类资源,淡水和土壤的枯竭的大灭绝。
而这些环境压力不是一成不变的。
他们不断升级,随着我国人口的增长和国家继续为更多的经济增长的不懈追求。
如果我们要避免这些趋势的最严重后果则毫无疑问是较为迅速的进展将需要比迄今取得的,但我们在这里应该关注我们的努力?什么可能是在未来的半个世纪行动的优先领域?这让我感到眼前的主要挑战主要不是相对于良好的信息,更好的技术和良好的政策思路。
这些东西是至关重要的当然的,但所有这些东西都已经可用。
我们知道如何让清洁电力,节约资源,培育生物多样性。
我们知道如何规范污染,防止损坏的生态系统,如果我们想。
我们有这些能力的事实是不够的。
如果我们继续前进的决定性方式的争论它需要被重新定义。
我们需要从“做正确的事'上移动,谈到风险管理,促进抗灾能力。
要查看关爱地球的自然系统为某种道德选择的是完全误解了危机,我们都在这个挑战是关于人类社会的未来,而不是一些可选的慈善事业,我们可以留给慈善事业慷慨解囊,做社会改良。
嵌入了使我们从保护自然的人们保护自然为人们的叙述是这样的重新规划的重要组成部分。
我们正处在一个时期的后果,世界必须知道,健康的本质不是一些可选的精密而是一组不可缺少的物质资产。
如果这样的叙述是为了获得实际效果再想找性质后必须立即被看作不仅是一个环境的挑战,也是一个经济问题。
只要我们继续滑向两个方向行进,一方面是促进环保目标的同时,对其他直接矛盾与措施,以实现更多的经济增长,我们不再将无法取得真正的进展。
(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英(2)
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Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商;饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手;2)自由企业制度3)股东4)经济体制5)开发产品和服务6)市场力量;市场调节作用7)金融机构8)严重衰退9)破产10)mission11)stock price12)corporate motto13)assets14)maximize profits 15)financial systemPart 2:1)market forces2)financial institutions 3)free enterprise system 4)deep institutions5)invisible hand6)stockholder7)profit maximization 8)economic system Task 2:1.and;2.Another;3. also;4. Not only;but;5. otherTask 31. understanding;2. agree with;3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激;2)与外部世界隔离3)陷入绝境4)易感抑郁5)恢复体能6)界定性特征7)暂时的挫败8)不因挫败而心烦意乱9)竞选权位10)吹着欢快的曲调Part 2:1)bout 2)validated3)squabble 4)aptitude5)platitude 6)debilitate7)reassuring 8)undermine9)ruminate 10)martialTask 2:1.contrasting;2.in contrast;3. However;4. different;5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of;2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2:1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2:…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between ???3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化,数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2:1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2:1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2:1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2:1. The present perfect tense(现在完成时)emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure:temptationgrueling:working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job:humble jobrecrafted:turnedHe might be doing a humble job,but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails:requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to:being beneficial toconnotation:implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society,and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的;手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
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第一单元经济学Text A感谢“看不见的手”杰夫·雅各比英国清教徒建立普利茅斯殖民地后经历了他们的第一次大丰收,从那以后,感恩全能的上帝就一直是感恩节的主题……今天,全美数百万的家庭,都在感激上帝所赠与的众多礼物——桌上的盛宴、所爱之人的陪伴、过去一年的健康和好运、战争时期国内的和平、作为一个美国人或成为一个美国人所拥有的不可估量的优越感。
但我们中的大多数人不太可能感恩当地超市在本周出售了很多降价火鸡。
即使是虔诚的信徒们,也不太可能感恩那些让他们所爱之人得以回家共度佳节的航班时刻表,或者是感恩当地的影院在周末及时上映了《怒海争锋:极地远征》,又或者是感恩报纸的食物版块刊登了美味的蔓越莓苹果派的食谱。
或多或少我们都会觉得这些事情是理所当然的。
百货商店会在感恩节前储备火鸡,或者好莱坞在长假期时及时上映大片这些都不需要用奇迹来解释。
这一切都是自然而言的。
可上帝在其中扮演了什么角色呢?然而在你因无数陌生人奉献了技能和劳动而得以度过的感恩节周末里,难道就没有什么事让你感到奇妙——甚至几乎无法解释吗?例如,把火鸡端到餐桌上,需要成千上万人的努力——当然,有养鸟的禽类农场主,也有给它们提供营养的饲料批发商和把它们带到农场的卡车司机,更不用说还有设计孵化场的建筑师,建造它的工人,以及维持它运行的技术人员。
这只火鸡不得不经历宰杀、拔毛、检查、运输、卸载、包装、定价和展示。
完成这些任务的人又依次由完成其他任务的人配合支持——从提炼货车燃料汽油到制造包装肉类的塑料。
这些遍布各行各业的男男女女在过去的几个月里精准设计和安排时间,以便当你去买新鲜的感恩节火鸡时,就会买到一只或者多只——甚至还有几十只在等着你选购。
实现这一过程所需的合作水平之高令人难以置信。
但更令人难以置信的是:这整个过程都没有一个人去统筹协调。
并没有什么火鸡独裁者坐在某个指挥所,商议总体规划并发号施令。
没有人会监督那些人,迫使他们为你的利益而合作。
然而他们确实合作了。
当你到达超市时,你的火鸡已经在那儿了。
你除了去了买它,不必再做任何事。
如果这不是一个奇迹,那我们该叫它什么呢?亚丹史密斯称之为“看不见的手”——这股神秘的力量引导着无数的人,让每个人为各自的利益工作,以最终实现大多数人的利益。
在表面上看起来不协调的数百万混乱的私人交易中,显现的却是自发的市场秩序。
自由人们自由互动,产生了一系列总量超出人类认知的大量商品和服务。
没有独裁者,没有官僚主义,没有超级计算机提前计划好它。
而一个经济体被计划得越细,就越会受到短缺、混乱和失败的干扰。
由自由带来的社会秩序,比如财富和进步,是人类从上帝那里得到的特别礼物。
不管是在感恩节这一天还是以后的每一天,愿我们都能心存感激。
Text B案例一:礼物信号一位男士在思考给她女朋友送什么生日礼物。
“我知道了,”他对自己说道,“我要给她现金。
毕竟,她比我更了解自己的品味,而有了钱,她就可以买任何她想要的东西。
”但是当他把现金递给她的时候,她生气了。
她认为他并不是真的爱自己,于是与他分手了。
这个故事背后隐藏着什么经济学原理呢?在某些方面,送礼是一种奇怪的习俗。
正如这个故事中的男士,人们通常比他人更了解自己的喜好,所以我们猜测人们可能更喜欢收到现金而不是实物。
如果你的雇主用商品代替你的工资,你很可能会反对这种支付手段。
但是当(你希望)爱你的人做了同样的事以后,你的反应会大不相同。
送礼的一种解释是它反映了信息的不对称和信号传递。
故事里的男士有他女朋友想知道的私人信息:他是真的爱她吗?为她挑选一份好礼物是他爱的信号。
当然,挑选礼物作为一种暗示有它自己的特征。
它的代价很高(它需要花费时间),并且它的开支取决于私人信息(他有多爱她)。
如果他真的爱她,挑选一份好礼物是很容易的,因为他一直都在想着她。
如果他不爱她,想找到一份合适的礼物就很难。
因此,送一件适合女朋友的礼物是他向她传递私人信息的一种方式,也就是展现他对她的爱。
给现金则表明他甚至懒得去挑选礼物。
送礼的信号传递理论与另一种观点一致:当感情的深浅成为关注点的时候,人们更在乎的是习俗。
因此,给女朋友或男朋友现金通常是个糟糕的举动。
但是当大学生收到父母的支票时,他们很少会感觉是受到了冒犯。
父母的爱不太可能被怀疑,所以接受者不会把现金礼物当成是一种缺乏感情的信号。
案例二:微软垄断案近几年最重要的也是最有争议的一个案子是于1998年美国政府针对微软公司的反托拉斯案件。
当然,这个案件很有戏剧性。
世界上最富有的人之一(比尔·盖茨)和世界上最强大的监管机构之一(美国司法部)进行对抗。
,为政府辩护的是一位杰出的经济学家(麻省理工大学教授富兰克林·希尔))。
,而为微软辩护的是一位同样杰出的经济学家(麻省理工大学教授理查德·斯默兰)。
案件的焦点岌岌是世界上经济增长最快的行业之一(计算机软件)中的一家最有价值的公司之一(微软)的未来。
微软案中的一个核心问题是搭售——尤其是是否应该允许微软把互联网浏览器整合到Windows操作系统中。
政府称微软将这两种产品捆绑在一起,从而将其计算机操作系统的市场力量扩大到一个不相关的市场(互联网浏览器)。
政府认为,允许微软将此类产品纳入其操作系统将阻止网景等其他软件公司进入市场并提供新产品。
微软回应指出,为旧产品添加新的功能是技术进步的一个自然组成部分。
如今的汽车装载了曾经单独出售的音响和空调,相机也自带闪光灯,操作系统也是如此。
随着时间的推移,微软给之前独立的Windows增加了许多功能。
这使得计算机变得更可靠并更容易使用,因为消费者认为这些功能可以协同工作。
微软认为,互联网技术的整合将是技术进步的下一步自然进程。
一个分歧点是关于微软的市场力量。
据发现,超过80%的新个人电脑使用的是微软操作系统,因此政府认为该公司有巨大的垄断力量,而且还在试图扩张。
微软回应说,软件市场总是在变化,而且微软的Windows系统不断受到竞争对手的挑战,比如苹果Mac操作系统和Linux操作系统。
微软还辩称,Windows系统的定价很低——仅约50美元,仅为典型计算机价格的3%——这是它市场力量受到严重限制的有力证据。
Text C亚当·斯密和大卫·李嘉图的遗产N.G.曼昆经济学家很早就明白贸易的利益。
下面一段话讲述了伟大的经济学家亚当·斯密是如何提出这个观点的:每一位精明的当家人的座右铭都是:当自己制作的成本比购买成品的成本更大时,就千万别自己做。
裁缝不会自己做鞋子穿,而是向鞋匠购买。
鞋匠不会自己制作衣服穿,而是请裁缝代劳。
农夫既不会去做衣服也不会去做鞋子,而是雇用不同的工匠。
他们全都发现,为了符合他们自身的利益,他们应当集中精力生产与其邻居相比存在着相对优势的产品,然后用部分自己的产品去购买,或者低价去购买他们所需要的东西。
这段引言出自亚当·斯密1776年的著作《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》,该书是关于贸易和经济独立性分析的一座里程碑。
亚当·斯密的著作启发了靠股票交易发达的百万富翁大卫·李嘉图,促使他成为了一名经济学家。
在他1817年的著作《政治经济学及赋税原理》中,李嘉图提出了我们现在所了解的比较优势原理。
在书中他讨论了两种商品(酒和布料)和两个国家(英国和葡萄牙)的例子。
他向读者展示两国可以通过开放贸易和专攻比较优势而获得利益。
李嘉图的理论是现代国际经济学的出发点,但他对自由贸易的辩护不仅仅停留在学术上。
李嘉图在英国议会的任职期间,把自己的信念贯彻到了工作中,在那里他对限制谷物进口的谷物法提出了反对。
亚当·斯密和大卫·李嘉图关于从交易中获利的结论随着时间的推移依然屹立不倒。
虽然经济学家经常在政策问题上意见相左,但是他们对于自由贸易始终持统一的支持态度。
此外,关于自由贸易的核心论点在过去的两个世纪里没有发生变化。
从亚当·斯密和大卫·李嘉图那时起,尽管经济学不断扩大它的领域并且改进了一些理论,但是经济学家们反对限制自由贸易的观点基本上还是基于比较优势理论。
第二单元商业道德Text A努力追求平衡尤金·F·布里格姆,乔尔·F·休斯敦1776年,亚当·斯密描述了“看不见的手”是如何指导公司获取利益,并指导他们做出有益于社会的决定。
通过经验和感悟,亚当·斯密总结出利益最大化是一个企业的正确目标,并且自由企业制度是对社会最有利的。
但是1776年以来,世界开始改变了。
现在公司的规模更大,采用全球化经营模式,它们有成千上万的员工,并且公司有成百万的股东。
这让我们怀疑是否“看不见的手”仍然能够提供可靠的指导,公司是否应该继续追求利益最大化,或者他们是否应该放宽眼界,采取更加均衡的行动来使顾客、员工、供应商和社会共同受益?今天的大多数学者都认同以下修订版本的亚当·斯密理论:∙一个公司的首要目标应该是使股东的财富最大化,这就意味着股值的最大化。
∙从整体来看,自由企业仍然是对国家最有益的经济体系。
在自由企业的机制下,公司生产顾客需要的、对社会有益的产品和服务。
然而,一些限制也是必要的——公司不应当造成空气污染和水污染,不应当存在不正当的雇佣行为,也不应通过垄断来剥削消费者。
这些限制有多种表现形式。
通过政治手段,社会强制推行一系列规章制度以防止公司参与有害社会的活动。
另一种限制是根据公司危害社会的程度来估算其应付出的代价。
操作合理的话,这些费用将公平合理地把价值转移到受害方并激励防止未来再有类似事件发生。
最近两件事戏剧性地例证了这些观点。
第一,许多在华尔街上的公司参与了非常有风险的活动,这些活动使金融体系在2007年和2008年濒临崩溃。
挽救这个金融系统需要银行和其他财务集团的紧急援助,而这个紧急援助不仅花费了大量纳税人的钱,而且造成了更严重的经济衰退。
除了强加在社会上的巨大成本,金融企业也付出了沉重的代价——许多领头金融机构的股价大幅下跌,其中一些破产退出了市场,还有许多华尔街高管失去了工作。
最近,在2010年,英国石油公司(BP)的石油在墨西哥湾大量泄漏对墨西哥地区的环境和经济造成了恶劣的影响。
在最初泄露后的三个月里,英国石油公司的股价下跌了一半,没有人知道这是多么高的代价,也没人知道公司是否能够死里逃生。
石油泄漏也致使美国和其他国家重新审视有关深水钻井的政策,因为它可能会危害石油的长期供应。
即使这样,一些经济学家认为英国石油公司上付出的代价不足以弥补大自然所遭受的破坏,而且限制利益最大化的理论是不全面的。
例如,(美国)通用电气公司(GE)的首席执行官杰夫·伊梅尔特认为只遵守法律是不够的,企业应发扬商业道德,经营企业时谨记社会利益。
伊梅尔特还说,企业的价值和声誉是齐头并进的,如果想要价值最大化,那么在顾客、供应商,职员和监管员那里保有良好声誉是必不可少的。