托福听力必备信号词
详解托福听力3大类关键信号词
详解托福听力3大类关键信号词想要突破托福听力的难点,考生不仅要在平时勤加练习,还需要掌握一些实用的应试技巧,这样才能够更好地完成托福听力考试。
下面就和大家分享详解托福听力3大类关键信号词,希望能够帮助到大家,来欣赏一下吧。
【高分必看】详解托福听力3大类关键信号词解释说明类信号词常见的有同义重述和举例。
同义重述,常见的信号词有that is, namely, or rather, to be more exact, to put it another way , in other words,by definition等。
而在托福听力中,我们经常会听到类似的说法如“this is what we call + 专有名词”,或者“this is +现象”。
一般而言,这类专有名词属于某个特定的领域,如医学、心理学,考生相对不太熟悉,因此这些信号词前面或后面的内容能让能够增加考生对整体*的把握和理解。
而举例,常见的就是for example, just as, for instance, 通过举一些常见或者比较容易理解的例子,去解释某样事物或某个现象,使得其更加生动形象,通俗易懂。
逻辑性信号词如最常见的原因、对比、转折、并列等。
对于原因,考生可以尤为注意because (of),so, the reason, why, since, as, for等类型的词或词组,考生在听到这些信号词的时候一定要注意听后面的解释,通过现象或定义看到问题的本质和根源,这才是考核的关键所在。
对于对比,考生除了注意比较级和最高级之外,还要多注意compare to,different from……,unlike……,(not) as ……as等这些间接表达对比的词或词组,有助于在不同食物中找到相同的联系点或者在相同相似的事物中找到不同点。
对于转折,however, nevertheless, yet, still, though, anyhow, even so, in any case, anyway, after all, in spite of that, by the way等则是考生应该注意的信号词。
托福听力7大类关键信号词全面讲解
托福听力7大类关键信号词全面讲解托福听力中抓不住关键信息始终是困扰许多同学的老大难问题,而想要解决这个问题有一个比较简单粗暴的方法,今天小编给大家带来了托福听力7大类关键信号词全面讲解,希望能够帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
【备考必看】托福听力7大类关键信号词全面讲解什么是信号词?信号词是语篇衔接和连贯的重要手段,它包括逻辑联系语(logical connectives)和段落标题(paragraph headings)。
所以!掌握住听力中的信号词,就相当于把握住了听力的出题点。
下面我们以讲座类材料为例,整理总结了托福听力中的信号词。
1、主题出现在讲座开头的主题类信号词主题类信号词一般出现在讲座开头,例如● Let's...● Today, I will be talking about ...● Today,we’ll focus on/ discuss...但有些讲座的教授在点明主题之前会提及其它信息,例如:● Last time, we talked about ... tod ay, we will be discussing ...● We’ve been talking about ... Today, let’s discuss ...● Continuing ... Today, we will ...此时,today 后面的内容才是关键,不能被today前面的内容误导了。
2、定义被定义的概念是讲座的关键内容下定义也是讲座中常见的内容,被定义的概念是讲座的关键内容,需要做笔记。
此类信号词有:● What I mean is● All that mean s is● which is / that is● in other words,...● ... is referred to as...● ... is named/known/called3、举例教授借例子说明的道理更为关键比起例子中的种种细节,教授借例子说明的道理更为关键。
TOEFL iBT听力必备态度词
TOEFL iBT听力必备态度总结一、常见态度其信号词惊讶常见信号词:Really, I couldn’t believe……,Gee! Jesus! My dear! Boy! Jesus Christ! Man! Oh, my God! Gosh! Oh, my! What! Dear me!等;支持/赞扬常见信号词:great, that’s exactly what I mean, Fabulous; Magnificent; Glamorous; Excellent; Terrific; Awesome; Amazing; Fantastic; Incredible; Outstanding; Superb; Charming; Good job等;反对常见信号词:think carefully, critically, but, toobad, it’s a good ……,but……等;委婉拒绝常见信号词:Sounds great, but/ Sounds like fun, but/ that’stempting, but/ I wish I could, but/ I’d love to, but/ I’d really like to, but/I would (if I could), but/ I meant to, but/ I have been meaning to (dosomething), but/ I should have, but…/ sounds appealing... but/ I feel honored... but等;可惜常见信号词:what a shame/ that’stoo bad./ I’m sorry to hear that/ tough luck等;二、常见态度表达方式表示态度与意图(Function与Attitude通用)证实:verify, prove, substantiate, corroborate,confirm反驳:refute, disprove, controvert, contradict支持(认可): endorse, support, encourage,reinforce, countenance, approve反对(抗议):oppose, demur, deprecate, quibble,defy肯定, 断言:aver, assert, affirm, proclaim否定:deny, gainsay, repudiate, disclaim,negate批评和表扬分别见词汇归类七、八小心谨慎adj.warycautiousdiscreetleeryprudentmeticulous punctiliouschary仓促,草率adj.仓促hastyprematurecursory perfunctory slipshodfacile鲁莽daredevilrashimpetuousrecklesstemerity(n.)基本的,重要的adj. essentialcardinal fundamentalradicalsignificantprimaryimportantkeycrucial momentousvital自负、傲慢adj.自负arrogant presumptuous overweening pompous consequentialself-conceited pretentious smughubris n.傲慢haughty contemptuous supercilious阻碍v.retardcheckhinderimpedearrestbalkobstructstymiestemstuntcumber forestall缺乏,不足adj. devoidscarcescanty insufficientlackdeficient inadequate meagerdearth批评、谴责v. denounce condemn reprehendrailcensureupbraid chastise vituperateblamescoldcastigate reprimand reproverebukechidereproach opprobrium impugn表扬,赞扬v. commendextolexaltacclaimlaudeulogize accolade applaudglorify celebrate贬低、诋毁v. detractbelittle derogate demean disparage depreciate节俭、吝啬adj. frugalthrifty husbandly parsimonious stingysparemiserly penurious niggardly。
托福听力中的信号词
信号词和分层是紧密联系的。
首先,信号词往往是连接句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的一座桥梁。
通过注意信号词,可以有助于考生进行前后文的判断。
而信号词可以分为以下几大类:第一大类是逻辑性信号词。
如最常见的原因、对比、转折、并列等。
对于原因,考生可以尤为注意because (of), so, the reason, why, since, as, for 等类型的词或词组,考生在听到这些信号词的时候一定要注意听后面的解释,通过现象或定义看到问题的本质和根源,这才是考核的关键所在。
对于对比,考生除了注意比较级和最高级之外,还要多注意compare to,different from……, unlike……, (not) as ……as等这些间接表达对比的词或词组,有助于在不同食物中找到相同的联系点或者在相同相似的事物中找到不同点。
对于转折,however, nevertheless, yet, still, though, anyhow, even so, in any case, anyway, after all, in spite of that, by the way等则是考生应该注意的信号词。
即作者最终想要强调的点,是考官喜欢出考题的地方。
考官总喜欢一开始先出现一长段迷惑性的段落,分散考生的注意力,或者是先陈述一部分事实或者抛出一个问题,然后来一个转折性的连词,提出真正的观点。
因此这些转折词前后是考生必须要注意的地方。
对于并列,first, second, third, for a start, for one thing, for another, to begin with, next则是很好的信号词,提示了两句句子之间的平等并列关系。
第二大类是解释说明类信号词。
常见的有同义重述和举例。
同义重述,常见的信号词有that is, namely, or rather, to be more exact, to put it another way , in other words,by definition等。
托福听力信号词汇总
Mishal Wang
Sequence
1. stage, cycle, phase, process, way, method, system 2. Sequence signal Start: after topic “start with, first, initially, what happens is that…” Middle: after the start point “and, then, next, once, as…as…, if…, when…” Finish: “finally, eventually, to complete, reached, achieved” 3. Bonus:
conj.
1. but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, nevertheless, whereas 2. despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, 3. of course, after all, as a matter of fact, actually
• derive from, result from, on the basis of, base on, rely on, depend on, spring from, blame on, evidence (fossil)
• 历史相关
果: • so, lead to, cause, reflect, hence, result in, give rise to, affect, infect, consequently, effect, influence, impact, turn out …, suggest that…, therefore, finally…
托福听力对话主旨题信号词
托福听力对话主旨题信号词
听力对话中常用的信号词有:
- 主题相关的信号词:about, discuss, focus on, the main point, the topic
- 提出观点的信号词:2points of view, opinion, argue, suggest, think, believe, claim, consider
- 引起对话的信号词:problem, issue, question, situation, concern - 对话发展的信号词:first, second, furthermore, moreover, in addition, finally, on the other hand, however
- 对比观点的信号词:but, on the other hand, however, although, despite, even though
- 结论的信号词:in conclusion, to sum up, overall, the main idea, the most important thing
- 谈论细节的信号词:detail, example, instance, explain, show, demonstrate, illustrate, evidence, reason, support, fact, statistic
需要注意的是,托福听力对话主旨题的答案可以是对话的总体概括,也可以是对话中主要争论的观点。
因此,在听力过程中要抓住对话的重点内容,同时注意对话中出现的信号词,以帮助理解并准确回答主旨题。
托福听力逻辑信号词汇总
因果关系:因为〔原因, 源于〕:due to,as,for, because (of), since, owing to, thanks to, come from, result from, initiate from, derive from, arise from, originate from, in that, on account of, be attributed to所以〔结果,导致〕:therefore, thereby, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, so, so that, as a result (of), result in, bring about, accordingly, account for, give rise to, contribute to, lead to, spark, prompt, be responsible to, stimulate, cause, make, render, spur, push, motivate比照转折关系:in contrast to, while, whereas, nevertheless, instead of, but,yet, conversely, alternatively, on the contrary, contrary to, in contrast, different from, differ from, however, rather than, unlike, in fact, while, meanwhile并列比较关系:or, vice versa, also, as well as, both and, either or, neither nor, in the same way, equally, similarly, similar to, like, just like, unlike,likewise, not only but also, more than.条件关系:if, unless, providing, provided, until, suppose, supposing that, in case, as long as, on condition that, only if, when让步关系:Although, though, even though/if, even, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, anyway, as while(尽管,虽然,即使), still(尽管如此) , now that递进Still, also, indeed, furthermore, moreover, even, besides, additionally, in addition, what’s more经常考察的逻辑关系有: 因果, 转折&让步, 并列&递进, 举例因果关系: 两个事物A和B, A导致了B的发生-常见的表示因果关系的词语:---1. 表示前因后果的逻辑连接词: thus/therefore/hence/consequently, lead to, so, so ... that ..., in order to(前为手段, 后为目的), result in, ...---2. 表示前果后因的逻辑连接词: because, result from, subject to, for/as/since, ...---3. 表示逻辑意味的动词: 作者常在表示因果的逻辑连接词和表示因果的动词之间替换------1. 表示”造成, 确定”意味的动词: determine, cause,make,have, come from, arise from, ...------2. 表示”刺激, 影响”意味的动词: influence, stimulate, trigger, inspire, ...------3. 表示”思考, 联系”意味的单词: establish connections between, reasoning that, ...-常见的因果关系的错误选项:---1. 因果颠倒(常见): 把原句的因果调换位置构成一个错误选项, 所以我们读到因果关系的句子时一定要先明确何者为因, 何者为果---2. 把因果关系替换成必要条件关系: 假设原句的逻辑关系为因果关系, 那么只要在选项中出现了unless, only if等表示必要条件关系的词语, 这个选项就一定为错误选项---3. 把因果关系替换成并列关系: 假设原句中的A和B两个事物之间成因果关系, 但是选项中A和B两个事物呈现并列关系, 那么这个选项就一定为错误选项---4. 遗漏因果关系: 假设原句中含有因果关系, 但是某个选项中却不存在因果关系, 那转折关系&让步关系: A + 转折/让步词+ B, 表示A和B的内容相反-转折关系和让步关系的差异: 转折关系强调的是紧接在转折词之后的内容(I love you, but I canʼt marry you.), 让步关系强调的是不与让步词紧密连接的内容(I love you, although I canʼt marry you.), 也就是说,这两种关系的强调重点不同-常见的表示转折关系的逻辑连接词: but, however, whereas, while, contrary to, ...-常见的表示让步关系的逻辑连接词: even, even though, although, despite, in spite of, ...-一般来说, 原句中的转折/让步关系都在正确选项中得到保留-在复述题中, 转折关系和让步关系是可以互换的(也就是说, 假设原句中出现了转折关系, 但是选项中出现了让步关系, 那么该选项仍然有可能为正确选项)并列关系&递进关系: A和B两个事物的性质/地位相同-并列关系和递进关系之间的差异: 并列关系表示两个事物之间性质/地位完全相同, 递进关系除此之外还表示两个事物之间的程度存在差异-常见的表示并列关系的逻辑连接词: and, also, both, as well as, either ... or ..., neither ..., nor, ...-常见的表示递进关系的逻辑连接词: not only ... but also ..., in addition to, even+比较级, ...-复述题只考察性质的判断, 而不考察程度的差异; 所以在复述题中, 并列关系和递进关系是可以互换的-并列关系假设被替换成了其他关系(因果/转折), 那么这个选项一定是错误选项-一般不作为主考的逻辑关系, 只可能作为出错误选项的一个要点举例关系: 一个观点A, 配上一个相关例子B, B的作用是为了说明A 的正确性-观点往往出现在例子之前, 为观点服务-常见的表示举例关系的逻辑连接词: for example, such as, like, ...-在正确选项中, 具体的例子是可以被省略的, 但是例子想要说明的观点或者结论是必须保留的。
托福听力笔记中必须抓住的八类信号词
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福听力笔记中必须抓住的八类信号词摘要:在托福听力中,记笔记是十分重要的一个步骤。
那么我们应该在什么时候记笔记,在哪里记笔记呢?接下来给大家介绍一些托福听力笔记信号词,大家在听到这些信号词时就要开始准备拿起手中的笔,记下信号词后的内容了!笔记信号词1.时间点:previously,initially,now,presently,then,subsequently,next,finally,ultimately,immediately2.举例:for example,for instance,such as,in this/thuscase,in this situation,on this occasion,take the case of , to demonstrate, to illustrate3.例举:first,second,third,last/finally3.One,another,like,likewise, both, similarly, at the same time, in comparison4.补充说明:And, as well as,also, too, in addition, further, furthermore, in other words, namely, I mean5.比较:On the other hand,in contrast, on the contrary, but, however, yet, nevertheless, instead, rather,whereas6.强调:Definitely,extremely, especially, obviously, absolutely, positively, surprisingly,emphatically7. 因果:Because, since,For thisreason, hence, resulting, as a result, so, then, thus, therefore, consequently8.总结:In short, inbrief, in the end, in summary, in conclusion, to conclude, to reiterate, to sumup, finally, therefore, as already stated下面我们以TPO21中的lecture作为例子看一下其中的信号词。
托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍之转折结论类
托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍之转折结论类托福听力中考生想要精确抓取关键信息,往往需要对给出提示的各类信号词有所了解。
今日我给大家带来了托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。
托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍:转折结论类1. 转折转折后消失的强调信息转折是对前文的否定,转折后面消失的信息往往需要强调,此处多为出题点。
常见的表示转折的信号词有:but,however,nevertheless,while, yet, unless, except for, actually,in fact, to tell you the truth,practically,virtually,as a matter of fact2. 结论简单得分的结论题讲座的最终也可能是出题点,而且该点比较简单得分。
结论是最新获得的信息,遗忘率最低。
咱们千万不能放弃这类题。
常见的结论性信号词有:conclusion,summarize,make a summary,in brief,in short,in a word,in a conclusion,finally,all in all,to sum up托福听力:考前一周怎么有效复习我们知道听力是要通过时间的积累,和自己的实力来让自己通过新托福考试的听力考试,但是假如我们只剩后一周的时候,我们怎样做,才能使自己的时间化呢?这时,就要把听力进行充分的分解,首先我们知道听写或者跟读在一周之内作用有限。
那么这个很不经济实惠的行为,我们就不要去做,但是相应的,经典加试,做题思路,习语学习是可以直接影响分数的,而且这个是可以现学现用的,因此我们就该把时间放在这上。
假如我们拿一个马戏团来进行比较,马戏团的作用就是取悦观众,马戏团里有的人是要舞蛇,有的人则是靠往自己身上泼颜料来取悦观众。
分数就像是观众笑声的次数。
我们知道舞蛇可以让观众很high,而且也是让演出进入高潮的终手段。
托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍之转折结论类
托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍之转折结论类托福听力中考生想要精确抓取关键信息,往往需要对给出提示的各类信号词有所了解。
今日我给大家带来了托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。
托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍:转折结论类1. 转折转折后消灭的强调信息转折是对前文的否认,转折后面消灭的信息往往需要强调,此处多为出题点。
常见的表示转折的信号词有:but,however,nevertheless,while, yet, unless, except for, actually,in fact, to tell you the truth,practically,virtually,as a matter of fact 2. 结论简洁得分的结论题讲座的最终也可能是出题点,而且该点比较简洁得分。
结论是最新获得的信息,遗忘率最低。
咱们千万不能放弃这类题。
常见的结论性信号词有:conclusion,summarize,make a summary,in brief,in short,in a word,in a conclusion,finally,all in all,to sum up托福听力:考前一周怎么有效复习我们知道听力是要通过时间的积累,和自己的实力来让自己通过新托福考试的听力考试,但是假设我们只剩后一周的时候,我们怎样做,才能使自己的时间化呢?这时,就要把听力进展充分的分解,首先我们知道听写或者跟读在一周之内作用有限。
那么这个很不经济实惠的行为,我们就不要去做,但是相应的,经典加试,做题思路,习语学习是可以直接影响分数的,而且这个是可以现学现用的,因此我们就该把时间放在这上。
假设我们拿一个马戏团来进展比较,马戏团的作用就是取悦观众,马戏团里有的人是要舞蛇,有的人那么是靠往自己身上泼颜料来取悦观众。
分数就像是观众笑声的次数。
我们知道舞蛇可以让观众很high,而且也是让演出进入高潮的终手段。
托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍 主题定义类
托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍主题定义类今天给大家带来了托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍:主题定义类,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家提供,来欣赏一下吧。
1. 主题出现在讲座开头的主题类信号词主题类信号词一般出现在讲座开头,例如:●Let's...●Today, I will be talking about ...●Today,we’ll focus on/ discuss...但有些讲座的教授在点明主题之前会提及其它信息,例如:●Last time, we ta lked about ... today, we will be discussing ...●We’ve been talking about ... Today, let’s discuss ...●Continuing ... Today, we will ...此时,today 后面的内容才是关键,不能被today前面的内容误导了。
2. 定义被定义的概念是讲座的关键内容下定义也是讲座中常见的内容,被定义的概念是讲座的关键内容,需要做笔记。
此类信号词有:●What I mean is…●All that means is…●Which is / that is…●In other words,...●... is referred to as...●... is named/known/called…Amphibian n.袋鼠★★★creature n. 生物★★★prey n.被虐食者★★endanger v. 危及★★★★★mammal n.哺乳动物★★★marine adj. 海洋的★★★predator n.食肉动物★★Pre y n. 猎物★★★★reptilen.爬行动物★★★species n. 物种,种类★★★★★ wildlife n.野生动物★★★★★vertebrate / invertebrate n. 有/无脊椎动物★alligatorn.美洲鳄★★antelope n 羚羊★★chimpanzee n.黑猩猩★★crocodilen. 鳄鱼★★★★dinosaur n.恐龙★★★★dolphin n.海豚★★★emu n.鸸鹋★★★falconn.猎鹰★★★★frog n.青蛙★★★★giraffen.长颈鹿★★hawk n.老鹰★★kangaroo n. 袋鼠★★★kiwin.几维鸟★★★★koala n.考拉★★★★lizard n.蜥蜴★★leopard n.美洲豹★★★ostrich n.鸵鸟★★★★parrot n.鹦鹉★★★penguin n.企鹅★★★pigeon n.鸽子★★★shark n.鲨鱼★★★★stork n.鹳★★swallow n.燕子★★tortoise n.乌龟★★★turtle n.海龟★★★whale n.鲸★★★★zebra n.斑马★★★1、语音知识不扎实扎实的语音知识是听写慢速英语录音的根底。
托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词汇总一览
托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词汇总一览托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词汇总一览托福听力讲座开头部分信号词一览说话者表达主旨或谈话的目的的语句往往出现在开头的几句话,是把握全局的重点。
信号词:(专家建议考生,每天要把所有的信号词读个几遍,强迫自己听到这个词马上反应过来这里有考点)Today, we’ll focus on/constrated/discuss…Today, our topic is…Let’s…特殊情况(也经常出现):开头会将讲一些上次课讲的东西,作为复习,之后才是主旨,我们把这种情况称为:Miss start注意:出现Miss Start,上次课讲的东西一定要听,在这部分很可能出细节题Miss Start 信号词:Before we get started, let’s review what we’ve learned last class…Let’s pick up where we left off last week, OK, as you recall(记得)…Before we begin our discussion on…(此处为本次主题),Let’s review what we know about…(此处为上次主题)间接开头:In your text book, the author says that… (主题出现),I thought we all to/should take sometime to talk about it. (不一定完全一样,但是类型差不多)托福听力讲座结尾部分信号词汇总托福听力的结尾部分往往出现一些总结性信息以及其他一些涉及考点的内容,应充分重视。
信号词:To some upTo conclude/in conclusionIn summary/to summarizeFinallyThereforeFrom this, we can see that…2020托福听力练习:蜜蜂通过味道给花粉排名Walk through Times Square—you're bombarded with advertising. And it turns out, a bumblebee might have a similar feeling, buzzing through a field of flowers. "So these flowers are these billboards, they're advertising a good, this delicious nectar reward, and bees are very picky shoppers." Anne Leonard, a pollination biologist at the University of Nevada, Reno.She describes a flower field as a sort of pollination marketplace. And one way bees choose where to visit?"Bees are nectar experts. They are really good at assessing even really small differences in the sugar concentration of nectar." They also scope out the shape and size of the flowers, and their color and scent. And now Leonard and her colleagues have discovered that bumblebees are pollen aficionados, too.They found that out by lacing batches of cherry pollen with either table sugar or bitter quinine. And to display the pollen to bees, "We got really into it—we started 3-D printing flowers in our lab." And for the anther—the male flower part, which presents the pollen—pipe cleaners. "So we bought out Michael's craft store supplies of these pipe cleaners and used them in our experiments."Turns out bees would return again and again to the same color flower that dispensed sweet pollen, and spend more time collecting there. But when confronted with the bitter pollen? They sought a different colored flower for their very next stop. All of which suggests that, in addition to savoring nectar, bees taste pollen too—and judge flowers by it. The results are in the journal Biology Letters.The finding means that plants have to find a happy medium: "So can you make your pollen attractive enough that the bees will collect it, but distasteful enough that they won't collect too much of it?" And that balancing act, of carefully calibrated chemistry—it's just one of the many transactions that plays out inthe buzzing pollination marketplace. Where the object is to make a sweet profit.走过纽约时代广场,你会被广告不断侵扰。
【托福备考】托福词汇备考 听力各类逻辑信号词汇总
【托福备考】托福词汇备考听力各类逻辑信号词汇总想要成功把握好托福听力的内容,准确把握好听力内容中的关键词是非常重要的。
那么,在听力中什么样的词汇才能算是关键词呢?下面我们就为大家详细分析一下吧。
第一大类是逻辑性信号词。
如最常见的原因、对比、转折、并列等。
对于原因,考生可以尤为注意because (of), so, the reason, why, since, as,for等类型的词或词组,考生在听到这些信号词的时候一定要注意听后面的解释,通过现象或定义看到问题的本质和根源,这才是考核的关键所在。
对于对比,考生除了注意比较级和最高级之外,还要多注意compare to,different from……,unlike……, (not) as……as等这些间接表达对比的词或词组,有助于在不同食物中找到相同的联系点或者在相同相似的事物中找到不同点。
对于转折,however, nevertheless, yet, still, though, anyhow, even so, in any case, anyway,after all, in spite of that, by theway等则是考生应该注意的信号词。
即作者最终想要强调的点,是考官喜欢出考题的地方。
考官总喜欢一开始先出现一长段迷惑性的段落,分散考生的注意力,或者是先陈述一部分事实或者抛出一个问题,然后来一个转折性的连词,提出真正的观点。
因此这些转折词前后是考生必须要注意的地方。
对于并列,first, second, third, for a start, for one thing, for another, to begin with, next则是很好的信号词,提示了两句句子之间的平等并列关系。
第二大类是解释说明类信号词。
常见的有同义重述和举例。
同义重述,常见的信号词有that is, namely,or rather, to be moreexact, to put it another way , in other words,bydefinition等。
托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍:分类因果类
托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍:分类因果类托福听力各类需关注信号词汇总介绍:分类因果类1. 分类注意关键概念的相关分类阐述关键概念时,教授常讲解此概念的相关分类。
例如,阐述海豚发声方式时,会具体阐述是哪几种发声方式,即whistles,cliques 和burst pulses通常教授会点明分类的数量,但也可能不给出具体数据,而是笼统地说有“很多种”。
例如:There are many types of ...,we gather data in a variety of ways ...2. 因果细节题中的逻辑关系学术讲座中,因果是常见的逻辑关系之一。
细节题多出现于此处。
表示原因的信号词有:because,because of,due to,since,as,for,the reasonis,tha t’s why,by reason of,owing to。
表示结果的信号词有:so, so that, therefore, thereby, hereby, thus, as a result, consequently, hence, accordingly托福听力:3种强调类型强调一,重音强调:听段子时,我们作为听者,都会下意识地注意听那些“读音很重的词或结构”。
因为它们got our attention(抓住了我们的注意力)。
这就是ETS本能强调的突出体现。
所以重音所在必为考点所在。
强调二,停顿强调:一个段子读得好好的,突然一个停顿,过了一两秒种后才恢复过来。
这种嘎然而止的现象特别能引起我们考生的注意。
同样也达到了ETS get attention的目的,成为本能强调的又一突出体现。
所以停顿所在必为考点所在。
强调三,清晰强调:该强调方式最具隐蔽性。
因为大多数考生有一种奇怪的想法:认为容易听清听懂的地方不会考,最会考的是那些生僻难懂之处。
所以不惜花大量时间和精力去分析、猜测难点含义,却忽略以致放弃已经听懂的地方。
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托福听力必备信号词
在托福听力备考中,对于信号词这一部分是不能忽视的,所以同学们在准备托福听力考试的时候也要总结一些托福听力词汇,今天文都国际教育小编就给大家介绍下托福听力必备信号词。
托福听力必备信号词:表示因果关系
as a result 、therefore 、since、for 、for this reason 、so、because 、consequently 、as、thus
托福听力必备信号词:表示序列关系
first 、before 、first of all、on the right/left、next、to begin with、turn right/left 、afterward、meanwhile、second、last but not least 、for a start、third 、finally、until、between 、firstly 、subsequently、then 、secondly 、previously、in the middle 、for one thing、for another、after 、in the first place
托福听力必备信号词:表示结论
as a result、altogether 、finally、in short、therefore 、overall、in sum 、thus、on the whole、in brief 、accordingly、to conclude、in a word 、consequently、to sum up、in conclusion、so 、to summarize
托福听力必备信号词:表示列举
and、in addition to that、one more thing 、what’s more 、besides 、too、as well as、for instance 、both and 、together、for example 、further more 、such as、in addition 、likewise、like、similarly、moreover
托福听力必备信号词:表示转折关系
although 、by contract 、as a matter of fact、nevertheless 、in contrast 、instead、however 、while 、otherwise、though、but 、despite、on the contrary 、on the other hand 、in the same way、in spite of 、yet 、whereas 托福听力必备信号词:表示强调
that is 、in particular、I mean、namely、especially、actually、in other words 、that is to say 、specially、another way of saying、equally
托福听力必备信号词:表示定义
define, is defined as, known as, that is, the term means, we mean, we can state
以上就是小编分享的托福听力必备信号词的详细内容,希望大家了解。
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文章来源于文都国际教育:/kaopei/toefl/listening/14350.shtml。