外文翻译和原文---物流横向合作的机遇和障碍
物流工程外文翻译---物流推动世界运转
本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译毕业设计（论文）题目：基于供应链管理的达方电子公司的采购管理研究外文题目：Logistics Make the World Go Round译文题目：物流推动世界运转学生姓名：专业：物流工程指导教师姓名：评阅日期：Logistics Make the World Go RoundDuring a panel discussion titled, "Logistics: Bridge to Global Prosperity," at the June 8-9 Wharton Global Forum in Istanbul, moderator George Day described logistics as "the connective tissue that makes the global economy work." Logistics, he said, can be "a huge source of competitive advantage and help expand and launch new business models." Combined with information technology, he added, logistics can "dramatically extend the geographic reach of both large and small organizations." To explore the ever-expanding role of logistics, Day was joined on the panel by Michel Akavi, CEO of DHL Worldwide Express, Middle East, Mirzan bin Mahathir, executive chairman and president of Malaysia-based Konsortium Logistiks Berhad, and Yavuz Cizmeci, chairman of Turkey's ACT Airlines."Logistics is moving the right product in the right quantities to the right place at the right time," stated Day, a Wharton marketing professor who has studied performance-based logistics in such companies as Cisco Systems and General Electric. "The really good supply chains have significantly lower costs, lower inventory and better customer service. Consider Cisco. Its after-sales service group is a $4 billion business and delivers 720,000 spare parts to the company's various manufacturing facilities. Logistics services include customers, field engineers, and fulfillment, distribution and materials repair centers. "The more effectively you manage logistics, the more effectively you take uncertainty out of the system," he said.Eight Trends in LogisticsPanelist Michel Akavi told the audience that when he asked a conference organizer where the panel was taking place, she replied that people would be "arriving a little late and a bit slowly. I said, 'Great. They need a logistics session to wake them up.'"Akavi provided that wake-up call with a discussion of what he sees as eight trends that currently affect logistics. The first is the "explosion" of global trade and global production due to the "the toppling of the old political order, especially the fall of communism. In addition, customs barriers have fallen, especially in Europe, and there is greater trade between the continent's eastern and western parts. Akavi also citedNAFTA (North America Free Trade Agreement), MERCOSUR (the South American Free Trade Pact), the World Trade Organization, and GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) as creating a "wave of international trade. The more this happens, the more there is a need for logistics."Look at the Internet, he noted. Being a door-to-door document delivery company, "we were scared of the Internet. But fortunately, documents still need to be signed, sealed and stamped ... .We hope Turkey will not adopt the bad habit of electronic signatures when it joins the EU," he said with a smile, adding that "goods do not travel electronically, thank goodness." The more people use the Internet, the more business there is, the heavier the packages are and the greater the need for letters to move around the world.The second trend is the transition to a post-industrial society, Akavi said. "We have a stagnating population in western countries; the average age is increasing, more money is spent on communication and health, and less is spent on mass produced products. The trend is to more individual transient niche goods combined with services." That means a greater variety of goods needs to be transported, in more specialized ways, directly to users/consumers. "So the logistics industry must specialize in niches, such as the textile industry whose players need to be very responsive to fashion trends. You cannot produce a million products in one place at one time. You have to produce them quickly," often in different parts of the world.The third trend is that we now live in an "on-demand world, Akavi said. "We are a time-is-money society. We are moving to time-based competition. Speed is almost more important than a cheap price. You see that in micro electronics, with chips and game consuls. With PCs and phones, the term used is 'agility' -- the ability to get to the market first. Demand is changing the logistics world."The fourth trend is a growing environmental sensibility. People now ask: "How can we transport less, more efficiently, and how can we do more recycling," Akavi said. "In Europe, we see that the trucks on highways are getting more restricted. Austria is banning some truck traffic on weekends. Rails are being used more often to transport goods because less energy is used. There is also more concern about noisy planes. Wehad to change our fleet in Brussels to quieter planes, and we are moving the Brussels hub to Leipzig, Germany, an area where there are less people. Environmental concerns are shaping the industry."The fifth trend is the "rediscovery of structural process organization," based on greater efficiency and better organization, and the sixth trend is the "deregulation and privatization of public services in communication and transport. We are a good example," said Akavi. Deutsche Post, which owns DHL, "used to be a sleepy inefficient postal system for Germany. After it was privatized and modernized, it started to become profitable. Then it wondered what it should do; it couldn't just sell stamps all its life. So it moved from a postal service to an integrated logistics and transport company."The seventh trend is an orientation toward shareholder value. "Logistics is moving to focus on core competencies. We have seen companies divest so they can concentrate on their core business. There is more outsourcing of the transport function," which helps third party providers like DHL expand and also fuels the growth of specialized transport logistics companies.The eighth and last trend, according to Akavi, is newer communications technologies. "With the Internet, you can find out where your shipment is and contact your call center if the package is stuck. But now, you can also use mobile phones [to do that]. Tracking and tracing is becoming more available. Our company can trace all shipments automatically and detect those that are stuck before the client realizes the shipment hasn't arrived." The RFID -- radio frequency identification tags -- technology is "enormously important for our sector. Without RFID, it would be very hard to find your shipment in our huge warehouses. This [technology] will have a great impact in the coming years."Singapore's ExampleMirzan bin Mahathir, who described his Kuala Lumpur-based company, Konsortium Loistiks Berhad, as split into logistics components and logistics solutions, echoed Akavi's comment that companies are outsourcing their logistics more and more in order to concentrate on core competencies. He went on to note that "the bridge to global prosperity has two levels," the country level and the company level.On the country level, "nations must develop their logistics infrastructure in order to compete. It's not enough to attract manufacturing if you can't get manufactured good to the market in an efficient way," he said. Infrastructure includes building ports, airports, roads and bridges to move, not just goods, but people. Airports are especially critical: "In the Middle East everyone is realizing that airports are a vital piece of infrastructure" and many of them are being built, some close together."But the hardware itself is not enough. Physical infrastructure doesn't help if it is not going to be used effectively," Mirzan noted. Three things are needed: information technology, efficient physical movement and a reliable financial system. "In developing countries, these three things need to go hand in hand. In a few places this has happened, like Singapore. And it is improving in some of the other countries as well."In the logistics business, Mirzan added, goods need to be sent as directly as possible to the market, and they need to reach their destination on time. Yet various government obstacles can hinder that process, including excess paper work, burdensome inspections, and corruption. "If the leadership in any country were to look at logistics and see its role in bringing prosperity to its people, they would have to address these areas." Some countries get it, Mirzan said; others don't.From the company standpoint, he added, some are starting to look at themselves as logistics companies even when they are producing actual goods; it is a competitive advantage. Dell, he suggested, "is actually a logistics company that happens to be in the business of computers. They are very efficient at doing what they do, but it is mainly logistics."Software SolutionsPanelist Yavuz Cizmeci, chairman of ACT Airlines, reminded the audience that Istanbul has historically been a logistical crossroads for commerce and trade, and that Turkey itself is poised to be a logistics center of the future. The trend now, he said, is for many big companies to open branches in Turkey or buy companies already there, ready to take advantage of the country's increasing trade, and its sea, truck, railway and aircraft transportation options. Spending on logistics, he said, should take off in the near future.During a question and answer session, Akavi was asked how his company uses software solutions to optimize its logistics, such as truck loads. "Software is not logistics' core business," he said. "While there is still a lot of software development happening in house, we are working more and more with software developers to find solutions... . About 6% to 7% of our revenue is spent on IT and an increasing amount of it is outsourced."Another audience member noted that he had always perceived the logistics field as having ease of entry, as long as a company can move something from point A to point B. But with improvements in technology and with more mergers among existing companies -- and with small-sized companies still having an advantage in small communities -- are the mid-sized companies being squeezed out, or are there still opportunities for mid-sized companies to grow?"There is definitely room for small, medium and large companies," Akavi said. "We have become large but we offer integrated solutions. Some customers, however, need only a point A to point B transport. Sometimes a smaller size gives more flexibility and can offer better prices. If you don't need a huge network like we have, then there is a market for medium-sized companies."Cizmeci offered his own perspective: "I am a small company. But it doesn't matter what size you are as long as you do the job well and at the right price. As technology gets more and more complicated, life gets more and more complicated, and the big logistics companies cannot really [handle] this well. They need small, clever, cost-effective partners."物流推动世界运转6月8日至9日，沃顿全球校友论坛在伊斯坦布尔开幕。
智能物流系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
智能物流系统中英文对照外文翻译文献智能物流系统在现代物流行业中发挥着重要的作用。
本文翻译了一篇关于智能物流系统的外文文献，提供了中文和英文对照的版本。
Title: A Translation of Foreign Literature on Intelligent Logistics SystemsAbstract:Introduction:Main Body:1. Definition of Intelligent Logistics Systems- 中文：智能物流系统是指应用人工智能和物联网技术，对物流过程进行智能化管理和优化的系统。
- English: Intelligent logistics systems refer to systems that apply artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technologies to intelligently manage and optimize logistics processes.2. Key Features of Intelligent Logistics Systems- 中文：智能物流系统的主要特点包括即时监控、自动化处理和智能决策等。
- English: The key features of intelligent logistics systems include real-time monitoring, automated processing, and intelligent decision-making.3. Benefits of Intelligent Logistics Systems- 中文：智能物流系统的应用带来了许多好处，包括提高运输效率、降低成本和减少错误率等。
- English: The application of intelligent logistics systems brings numerous benefits, including improved transportation efficiency, cost reduction, and error rate reduction.Conclusion:This translation provides an insight into the concept, functions, and benefits of intelligent logistics systems. Understanding these aspects is essential in harnessing the potential of such systems in the logistics industry.Reference:[Insert reference to the original foreign literature here]以上为智能物流系统中英文对照外文翻译文献的简要内容翻译。
物流管理论文外文资料翻译
1. The Definition of Logistics物流的定义After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place.在完成商业交易之后,物流将以最低成本和最高效益的方式执行将商品从供应商(卖方)流转到顾客(买方)的过程。
这就是物流的定义。
在物流过程中,既需要诸如物流设施和设备(物流运输工具等)的硬件,也需要对物流实施信息化管理进行物流标准化。
此外,政府和物流组织的支持也不可或缺。
Three major functions of logistics物流的三大主要功能(1) Creating time value: same goods can be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods.(1)创造时间价值:同种商品因所处时间的不同而有着不同的价值。
全球物流行业的挑战与机遇
全球物流行业的挑战与机遇在当今全球化的时代，物流行业充满了挑战与机遇。
全球物流行业的发展不仅影响着各个国家的经济和贸易，还对全球供应链的可持续性和效率产生了重要影响。
本文将探讨全球物流行业所面临的挑战以及这些挑战带来的机遇，并分析如何应对这些挑战以实现行业的可持续发展。
一、全球物流行业面临的挑战1. 高度竞争的市场全球物流行业的市场竞争日益激烈。
全球范围内的大型物流企业不断扩张，地区性的物流公司也在不断崛起。
这使得市场上存在着供过于求的状态，物流企业需要不断提高自身的竞争力才能在市场中立足。
2. 快速变化的需求随着科技的发展和全球贸易的提升，全球物流需求日益多样化。
客户对物流服务提出了更高的要求，需要更快速、更便捷的运输方式和更准时、精确的交货。
物流企业需不断调整自身的业务模式，以适应不断变化的市场需求。
3. 跨境贸易的挑战全球化对跨境贸易提出了更高的要求，然而全球各国的政治、法律和监管环境却存在诸多差异与限制。
这给跨境物流带来了挑战，包括海关手续繁琐、物流成本高昂、安全风险等问题。
物流企业需解决此类挑战，提供高效的跨境运输服务。
4. 环境可持续性全球物流行业对环境的影响不容忽视。
物流运输过程中产生的温室气体排放、能源消耗和资源浪费等问题，对环境造成了负面影响。
在减少碳排放和资源消耗方面，物流企业有责任探索可持续的发展模式，并与各利益相关者合作以实现可持续性目标。
二、全球物流行业的机遇1. 新兴技术的应用新兴技术如物联网、大数据分析、人工智能等正逐渐应用于物流行业，为物流企业提供了更多创新和提升效率的机会。
物联网的发展可实现物流过程的智能化和无缝连接，大数据分析可以提供更准确的市场预测和需求预测，人工智能的运用可以优化物流路线和提高配送效率等。
这些新技术为物流行业带来了巨大的机遇。
2. 跨境电商的增长随着跨境电商的快速发展，全球物流行业迎来了新的机遇。
跨境电商的兴起为物流企业带来了巨大的业务增长点，同时也推动了物流行业的创新和进步。
物流专业外文翻译--研究物流业及中国物流技术
原文：Studies on Logistics and Logistics Technology of ChinaLuo Yixin(Department of Industry and Commerce Management, Human College of Finance and Economics, Human Chansha 410205)Received 15 July 2004AbstractFor further pushing ahead with the developme nt of China’s logistics industry，the author，based on the status quo of China's logistics industry，alfirms the achievements made in the development course of the industry of China．By studying various respects of the industry including the understanding of logistics，standards of technical terms，logistics technologies and management，the author analyzes the major problems existence in China’s current logistics industry and puts forward the rationalization proposal．Key words：logistics；development；problem；measure1 PrefaceModem logistics industry is currently one of the most popular trades．Since China introduced the concept of logistics from abroad in early 1980s，logistics industry has been developed rapidly．At present，our country already has quite a lot of logistics parks and centers，develops a series of modem logistics technologies and obtains a large number of innovation accomplishments bearing self-determination intelectual property rights．Among those are typical ones such as the development of integration logistics management system with self-determination intelectual property rights (LOG + +／SMCS) in 2003.The real—time connection with famous ERP system (SAPR／3)has been realized，the system radically changes the unicity and low integrity level of China’s tr aditional logistics and thus symbolizes that domestic logistics software has been in line with international noFIns for modern logistics management system．Another example is the new structural—type quick stacker that has the operation speed of0—150 m／rain．1ifting speed of 0—40 m／min and forking speed of 0 —20／40 m／rain, bearing self-determination intellectual property rights developed in the same year．Laser ranging technology is applied to the system in horizontal direction．resulting that the distance—measuring error is ± 1 mm within 500 meters and positioning accuracy is ±3 mm．For the vertical direction．due to the application of rotary encoder plus tooth—be technique，positioning accuracy reaches ± 3 mm．In this way．the system successfully integrates a variety of new—type detecting technologies involving laser location，rotary encoder and toth—belt eranging．integration has been utilized for positioning and then radically altered traditional positioning method ．Besides，the adoption of redundancy and trouble shooting technique dramatically increases the system's efficiency and reliability．The adoption of over ten new techs consisting of new—type forking structure and loading platform with dimension detector and bar code sensor has promoted the technical advancement of key equipments used in logistics industry as well as greatly narrowed the gap between China and international advanced countries in terms okeyequipments．In 2003。
物流配送外文文献及翻译
1、 INTRODUCTIONLogistics is normally considered as nothing more than getting the right product to theright place at the right time for the least cost、 Faced with a rapidly changing environment, revolutionary changes in technology, continued government deregulation, the shortening of product life cycle, proliferation of product lines and shifts in traditional manufacturer-retailer relationships, many organisations have had to rethink their traditional assumptions、Over the last ten years one of the most significant changes in management thinking wasthe emphasis on the search for strategies that will provide superior value in competition、Logistics management has the potential to assist the organisation in the achievement of botha cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage、 The importance of logistics and its integration in the supply chain was argued by、China is a huge consumer market that accounted for a third of global economic growthover the past three years、 Its development speed and potential cannot be ignored by the restof the world、 As a result of China’s internal and external economic attributes, most of the、 In particular in the automobileglobal consumer brands have established operations thereindustry, many of the leading global OEMs including Honda, Toyota, General Motors, Volkswagen and Ford have established joint-venture partnerships with local car manufacturers、 Auto sales in China rose by 76% in the year to July 2003 and by 2011,、 InChina is expected to surpass Japan to become the wor ld’s second largest auto marketorder to compete in the Chinese market share and satisfy increasing demand, these operations are continuously expanding their production volumes with astonishing speed、Such expansion is, however carried out in the context of a legacy environment、China spans a large geographical area with, in many parts, under-developed infrastructure、 This presents a challenge to efficient deployment of logistics strategies、Furthermore, the involvement of third party logistics providers, favoured by most globalOEMs, is an emergent consideration in China、 Finally, the conflicts that inevitably arise inthe joint venture partnerships lead to delays in the introduction of western logistics management e xperiences and methods from the OEMs、All these factors increase the、difficulties in managing logistics by China’s local auto makers2、 The overall development of foreign distribution Overview2、1 The United States of modern logistics developmentTwenty-first century from the 60s on wards, the rationalization of distribution of goodsin general are valued in the United States to take the following measures: First, the warehouse will replace the old distribution center: The second is the management of the introduction of computer networks, on the loading and unloading, handling, custody, standardized operation, improve operating efficiency; Third, the common chain distribution centers set up to promote the growth of chain-effective、 United States chain stores have a variety of distribution centers, mainly in the wholesale-based, r etail and warehouse-type three types、2、2 Japan's modern logistics developmentOn logistics and distribution of wood with the following features: well-developed distribution channels, frequent, low-volume stock, logistics and distribution reflects the common and set the trend sticks, logistics and distribution cooperative, the Government planning in the development of modern logistics and distribution play an important role inthe process of 、2、3 European modern development of logisticsCountries in Europe, especially Germany, logistics refers to the user's orders in accordance with the requirements of positions in the logistics sub-goods distribution, the goods will be sent to the consignee with good activities、Germany's logistics industry formed of basic commodities from origin to distribution center, from the distribution center (and sometimes through more than one distribution center) arrive at the modern mode of end customers、 Traveled in Germany, it can be said of the logistics and distribution in Germany has been formed to final demand-oriented to the modernization of transport and high-techinformation network as a bridge to a reasonable R69 distribution center hub to run a complete system、2、4 the main reasons of logistics industry developing faster in developed countriesRelying on high-tech to the core economies of scale to allow flexibility based on a variety of forms、3、China's 3PL enterprises are facing a major obstacle to business3、1 The current situation of China's 3PLChina's 3PL enterprises: service radius of a small, low entry barriers、 With the gradual warming heat logistics, urban logistics industry is also increasingly unitary covered by the importance and development、However, due to historical reasons in our country, the long-standing emphasis on production of a light flow, heavy flow to light the idea of the logistics, distribution of development in the not yet ripe at this stage, there is the issue more prominent in the following two aspects: the service delivery difficult to play a central role,the process of distribution of the low level of modernization、China's 3PL companies with foreign 3PL companies mainly in the gap between the three aspects: First, procurement capacity, and the other is logistics, and the third is cash flow、Aspects of logistics and distribution, foreign retailers have done very well, has a set of efficient logistics information system, which can effectively improve the inventory turnover rate, so as to enhance the return on assets and profitability、 And domestic retailers in this、area has just started, or have not yet started3、2 distribution center lower the overall distribution, commercial chain failed to give full play to the advantagesFrom our point of view the existing commercial retail enterprises, in addition to some large, well-known commercial enterprises, the general commercial "chain" businesses are not set up their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics center、Although these companies have also established some of his own "chain" stores, but in fact operating goods stores do not do "unified procurement, unified distribution, unified billing,"、 The which allows some commercial retail enterprises, "chain" seems to exist in name onlyother has been established in their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics distribution center of commodities in commercial enterprises, the effectiveness of distribution centers has not been effective, which in turn affected the procurement cost of an integrated chain advantages, including outstanding manifested by the distribution center for goods distribution ratio of unity is very low、 Uniform distribution logistics center can notbe achieved, indicating the store's commercial enterprises "unified purchase" did not、materialize, rather than a unified procurement chain has lost the core strengths3、3 China's more enterprises are facing a major obstacle of the higher logistics costWal-Mart 8 5% of the commodities distribution through the distribution center, in which 80% is through the "zero inventory" of the more complete form of the distribution database、Wal-Mart as a result of the use of the "Cross distribution" and "auto-replenishment" of supply chain technology, so that goods turnover in the Treasury down to 2 days、 And retail enterprises in China are in the 15-30 days, which reflects the retail , distribution enterprises, underdeveloped logistics system, distribution costs are too high、 Rapid expansion of retail enterprises in China's size and speed in the short term if they can not form a qualitative edge is a dangerous speculation、Over the years the practice has proved that the multi-purpose logistics distribution center, intensive, low-cost supply hub, as well as the use of information technology to reorganize and upgrade the entire flow of the supply chain management is the core of large-scale retail enterprises strategy is to support the retail giant super-conventional development、The face of large-scale retail and distribution businesses o f the main distribution center logistics requirements planning, focusing on how to reflect the integration of information flow in business flow, logistics, capital flow, so that the operation of retail enterprises to expand the logistics for the entire enterprise supply chain collaboration nodes and so that the whole positive and negative to minimize logistics cost of goods (including consumers, stores, logistics, distribution centers, headquarters, suppliers and partners), and a timely response t o sales demand and timely replenishment、This is also a large-scalecross-regional, multi-format, chain retail enterprises have the capacity of the core competitive advantage、3、4 Lack of modern logistics management knowledge and expertise of logistics personnel、This is the third-party logistics industry in restricting the development of China's most important one of the bottlenecks、Logistics knowledge, especially in modern integrated third party logistics knowledge is far from being universal, but that its main business areas is to provide transportation and warehousing services, not know that it is new to these traditional business integration of its business fields Far too simple to become connected with transport and storage of raw materials, semi-finished products supply, production process, material flow, the whole process of product distribution services, as cover flow, solid logistics, capital flow, information flow is equal to the integrated systemof systems、4 to enhance core competitiveness, the implementation of integrated management"integrated management" is the original English Integrated SupplyProcess, refers to the production enterprises, office, life of a non-core business areas of the operation and management of integration as a Overall, as a business-oriented t o manage outsourcing projects, by the special "integrated management" of the suppliers to provide full-service projects、"Integrated management" is not simply puts together the management of the business, but to improve management efficiency and reduce management costs as the core, combined with advanced information technology and network management features such as one organically integrated、Compared with the general outsourcing services, integrated management has the following characteristics:(1) It is not a business, but a complete outsourcing business from the operation of themanagement integration of outsourcing;(2) Outsourcing is not a core operation, but a comprehensive business management、Responsible for the entire business as a first-class suppliers, and its main task is to use its unique resources to conduct a comprehensive knowledge management, the operation of the specific is it managed by the secondary and tertiary suppliers to implement, so in themanagement of outsourcing functions based on the specific operation of the outsourcing; (3) In the case of the most important first-level suppliers, other than remuneration in thefixed service, its the only way to increase revenue for users to save costs as much as possible in order to share the proceeds of cost savings, rather than as general outsourcing as suppliers, mainly through an increase in turnover, that is, to increase spending to increase the user's own earnings、 "Double bottom" principle of cooperation between the two sides can make a stable and lasting、5 The third party logistics enterprise strategic choiceSummarized the latest of several foreign logistics theory and the development ofthird-party logistics with the current practice of foreign, third-party logistics firm's strategic choice to have the following three:(1)Lean Logistics StrategySince the lag theory and practice of logistics, our most extensive third-party logistics company or business, it can not accurately position their logistics services、 If you do not reverse this situation as soon as possible, will be third-party logistics industry in China have restricted role、 Lean production theory of logistics for our third-party logistics company provides a new development ideas for these enterprises to survive in the new economy and development opportunities、 Lean Logistics concept originated in lean manufacturing、 Itis produced from the Toyota Motor Corporation 70 years in the last century by the original "Toyota Production System", after research by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and summary, was published in 1990 published "change the world of machines), a book、 Lean thinking is the use of various modern management methods and means, based on the needs of society to fully play the role of people as a fundamental and effective allocation and rational use of corporate resources to maximize economic benefits for enterprises to seek a new Management philosophy、 Lean Logistics Lean Thinking is the application in logistics management, logistics development must reflect、The so-called Lean Logistics means: the process by eliminating the production and supply of non-value added waste in order to reduce stocking time, improve customer satisfaction、 The aim ofLean Logistics according to customer needs, providing customers with logistics services, while pursuing the provision of logistics services in the process to minimize waste and delay, the process of increasing value added logistics services、Lean logistics system is characterized by its high-quality, low cost, continuous improvement, driven by customer demand oriented logistics system、 It requires establishing the customer first thought, on time, accurate and fast delivery of goods and information、In short, Lean Logistics, as a new management ideas, bound to have a third-party logistics enterprises in China have far-reaching impact, it will change the appearance of the extensive third party logistics management concept, the formation of third party logistics Core competitiveness、the establishment of small and medium third party logistics value chain allianceThird-party logistics enterprises of small and medium can not be independent because of their one-stop logistics services to provide full shortcomings, and because the small size of assets, services, not wide area so that small and medium enterprises in China's logistics third party logistics industry at a disadvantage、 Therefore, third party logistics for small and medium enterprises, starting from their own resources to construct their own core competence is the key、 As small and medium enterprise features of a single third-party logistics and incomplete, so based on their respective core competencies based on the structure of the logistics business enterprise cooperation is an effective capacity to make up for deficiencies, constitutes a feasible way of competitive advantage of logistics、 Value chain is the use of systems approach to investigate the interaction between business and the、 Value analysis of all activities and their access to the resources of competitive advantageof the business activities fall into two categories: basic activities and support activities、Basic activities are involved in product creation and sale of the material transferred to the buyer and after-sales service activities、 Basic activities of supporting activities is to assistthe revenue by providing outsourcing, technology, human resources and a variety of functions to support each other、 Theory to analyze the value chain study the value of third party logistics chain composition, can be found in auxiliary activities, third party logisticsenterprise and general business is no different, the basic activities in the third-party logistics companies has its own characteristics、 Third-party logistics enterprises there is generally no commodity production process, only the re-circulation process, d oes not account for major components of a wide range of third-party logistics companies and thus become the basic operating activities of storage, transport, packaging, distribution, customer service and marketing, etc、 link、 Various aspects of the basic work activities, due to their own limited resources and capacity, can not have every aspect of an advantage in that value chain in terms of some of the deficiencies, resulting in their overall logistics function not complete, lack of corresponding competitiveness and comparative advantage in some sectors of the value chain due to lack of overall effect should not play、 Therefore, third party logistics industry, small and medium sized logistics enterprises within the Union, should be based on the value chain between complementary on the basis of cooperation, make full use of professional logistics companies and logistics functions of specialized logistics organization and coordination of agents Flexible complementary integrated logistics capabilities、Third-party logistics for small and medium enterprises, value chain should start with the advantage of links to explore and develop the core competitiveness of enterprises, through the reconstruction of the value chain to avoid weaknesses、(2)Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization of strategyRapid development in IT and the Internet era, companies can not fight alone singles, but must be in the competition and collaboration, in cooperation and development、Thus, under modern conditions resulting from modern large-scale virtualized development of third-party logistics has a strong necessity、Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization is the logistics management resources of others who will have "all", through the network, the other part into its own logistics, with the help of others break the power of physical boundaries, extending to achieve their various Function, and thus expand their ability to enhance their strength、Therefore, the logistics information technology, virtualization is a means for the connection and coordination of temporary and dynamic alliance in the form of virtual logistics、 Integrated logistics virtualization technology as ameans of electronic communication, customer-focused, based on the opportunity to participate in members of the core competencies as a condition to an agreement for the common pursuit of goals and tasks, the different parts of the country's existing Resources to quickly mix into a no walls, beyond the space constraints, by means of electronic networks, contact the unified command of the virtual business entity, the fastest launch of high-quality, low-cost logistics service、Modern large-scale virtualization, including third-party logistics functions, organization, geographic three virtualization、Virtualization capabilities with third-party logistics enterprise IT technology will be distributed in different locations, different companies take different functions within the logistics resources (information, human, material and other resources) organized to accomplish a specific task, to achieve the optimization of social resources、 Virtualization refers to the organizational structure of the logistics organization is always dynamically adjusted, not fixed, but also decentralized, flexible, self-management, flat network structure, its objectives and in accordance with changes in the environmentre-combination, in a timely manner Reflect the market dynamics、 Virtual is the regional third party logistics network through the Internet link the global logistics resources, removing barriers and national barriers, to production management to achieve "virtual neighbors、 "1 导言物流通常被认为就是将恰当的产品以最低的成本,在恰当的时间送达恰当的地点。
物流专业外文翻译--物流配送的重要意义
物流专业外文翻译--物流配送的重要意义与专业有关的英文及译文The significance of logistics distributionModern distribution differs with common logistics, logistics is the product of the business and physical separation, and the distribution is, the unity of content, the distribution itself is more like a form of business, while the distribution in the concrete implementation, there are implemented in the form of business separation, but from the distribution trend of development, business flow and logistics more and more tightly integrated, distribution is the important guarantee of success. The significance of distribution can be analyzed from the following two aspects:(a) the Angle of economicsFrom the point of view of economics, resource allocation and distribution of final configuration of resources in the form of modern shipping economic activity. (1) distribution is part of the allocation of resources, because of the economic system is to distribute or a mechanism of resource allocation in distribution can be regarded as a form of economic system. (2) distribution in the resource allocation function of it is "" at the end of the configuration of resources, is close to the customer's configuration, and as close as possible to the customer is the enterprise management strategy is critical success factors, distribution is an important way of logistics, has very important strategic value for many enterprises, but the limitations make it can't solve all the problems in the field of logistics and distribution. (3) distribution of the main economic activity is delivery. Emphasizes the modern shipping, here shows difference with traditional delivery method, the distribution of major means of economic activity is the modern productive forces, the new labor as support, relying on science and technology, is a "match" and "send"a means of organic combination.(2) the distribution of the implementation of the wayFrom the perspective of the distribution way of implementation of logistics is in accordance with the requirements of customers orders, and in the distribution center or other logistics nodes equipped with goods, and sent to the users with the most reasonable way. (1) distribution is close to the user of the flow field during the process of resource allocation. Distribution is the essence of the delivery, but and general delivery is different: in general can be a random delivery, and distribution is a fixed form, there is a certain organization, channels, with modern technology to support, form a set of complete scientific management system, the distribution is a high level ofshipping method. (2) the distribution is a "transfer" form. Delivery from the logistics node to the user a special shipping method. Look from delivery function, its particularity is shown as: is full-time circulation enterprises engaged in shipping, not production enterprises; Distribution is a "transit" type of delivery, and general delivery especially to the user's delivery is often direct from the factory; Usually send what is the production, delivery and distribution is what companies need to send what. And to do what you need to send what, must be in transit link collection that need, and delivery must take the form of "transit". 3. Distribution is the combination of "match" and "send". Distribution and delivery, is the important difference between distribution by using effective sorting, distribution and so on tally work, make delivery reached a certain scale, in order to take advantage of scale achieved lower delivery cost. Without sorting, distribution, there is one shipment, need a send a, can greatly increase the consumption of manpower and material resources, cost less than pick up the goods delivery. So, want to reflect the advantage of distribution, sorting, distribution and so on a work is necessary. (4) distribution to users requirements as the starting point. Distribution from the user's interests, according to user requirements of an activity. Therefore, must be clear to set up "the user first", "quality first" concept. Distribution companies as a service provider, should from the user's interests first, on the basis of fully consider the interests of the users obtain the benefits of this enterprise. Distribution enterprises cannot use their own distribution channels to control to control the users of goods, cannot use distribution department division, industry division, cannot use distribution as department division, industry division, where the market approach.Logistics is along with the mass production and large circulation and appear a complete resource allocation and to meet consumer demand. Logistics due to realize the timing and quantitative, punctuality, planning, real-time, low cost, and even can realize zero inventory, customers that can completely replace the customer original supply system in the supply of the supply of higher quality and lower cost, realize the supply to the customer, to realize the integration of enterprise sales and customer supply.Second, the important role of logistics distributionLogistics is refers to the goods from supplier to recipient entity flow process. According to the actual need, transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, circulation processing, distribution, information processing and other basic functions. According to the concept of logistics and the definition of system,logistics system is to complete the goods entity flow from supplier to recipient and will transport, storage, loading and unloading handling, distribution processing, packaging and logistics information together, constitute the functional system of logistics system. The role of distribution performance in:(a) enterprises to adopt distribution systemDistribution system on which distribution, which can reduce logistics costs, improve service levels, in order to expand sales, expand the market, strengthen enterprise competition ability. (2) the product distribution system, distribution need how many, how much production, can realize products zero inventory, you can get the most economical and the biggest benefit. In (3) procurement and distribution system, can achieve how many enterprise, supplier delivery how much, when you need to, when suppliers on delivery. So companies don't need to set up raw material inventory, circulation enterprises don't need to set up inventory, can achieve zero inventory management, greatly reduce operating costs. 4. Zero inventory management, saved a large number of reserve funds, can improve enterprise's financial position, enhance the enterprise economic strength, promote enterprise development. (5) business in distribution system, leading to production system and distribution system as well as the procurement system corresponding revolutionary change, improve enterprise management level.(2) for the masses of users, to improve the logistics service level. Distribution to volume, variety complete, door-to-door delivery on time, on the one hand, the user on a business trip from purchasing transportation replenish onr's stock, such as labor, simplify the procedures, convenient for users, save the cost and improve the efficiency; On the other hand guarantee the supplies, and guarantee the normal production and circulation enterprises, can meet the needs of the people production and living supplies and services to enjoy.(3) distribution can improve the utilization rate of materials and inventory turns.Distribution in distribution center inventory, can use limited warehouse, make limited inventory might be used for a wider more customers, demand is bigger, the market is wide, will greatly improve the material utilization rate and inventory turnover ratio. Still can make warehousing and distribution译文物流配送的重要意义现代配送与普通物流的不同之处在于，物流是商、物分离的产物，而配送则是商物合一的产物，配送本身更像一种商业形式，虽然配送在具体实施时，也有以商物分离形式实现的，但从配送的发展趋势，商流与物流越来越紧密地结合，是配送成功的重要保障。
外文翻译---物流使用第三方服务
The use of third party logistics servicesM.S. Sohail , A.S. SohalWith the globalisation of businesses and the consequent competitive pressures, there has been an increasing dependence on the ability of organisations to deliver customer-adapted products all over the world quickly and on time. This has placed a number of demands on the logistics system and has become a rapidly developing area of investigation. In fact, it has been referred to as the last frontier for the development of strategic competitive advantage (Hum, 2000). To gain a competitive advantage, many organisations are seeking to manage their logistics operations strategically, but realise that they lack the core competencies and are increasingly seeking to outsource their logistics activities (Hum,2000). Apart from this, another important development that is making an impact on the organisations is the increased emphasis on time-based competition (Bhatnagar et al., 1999). Broadly, time-based competition refers to the speed with which products can be manufactured, delivered to the market and serviced.Much has been written in recent years about outsourcing logistics activities. There have been various terms used to describe this phenomenon such as logistics alliance (Bowersox, 1990), operational alliances in logistics (Laarhoven and Graham, 1994), contract logistics (Kearney, 1995), contract distribution (Wilson and Fathers, 1989) and third party logistics (Lieb and Randall, 1996). However, third party logistics (3PL) has been the term more widely used in recent times. Given the growing importance of logistics outsourcing, the extent of its usage has been widely examined in the USA (Lieb and Randall, 1996). Sheffi (1990) describes how the 3PL industry in the US has developed, and mentions several economic, regulatory and technological trends drivingthe development. Virum (1993) discusses 3PL development in Europe based on case studies of three Dutch and two Swedish providers. Other studies in the European context have also been undertaken (Lieb et al.,1993).An examination of the usage of 3PL services by large Australian firms (Dapiran et al.,1996) revealed that a number of operating units at many of the largest Australian firms were utilising the services of contract logistics providers. Some studies have outlined the linkage between manufacturing firms and 3PL services providers in Hong Kong, Southern China, Japan and South Korea (Millen and Sohal, 1996). In the South East Asian region, it was reported that Singapore-based firms are generally satisfied with the services of 3PL service providers.With the advent of multi-modal logistics in Malaysia, service providers have been focusing on establishing linkages and forming an entire logistics chain. Another trend noticeable in the 3PL industry in Malaysia is that most of the players specialise in the field as freight forwarding, container haulage, warehouse operation or conventional truckers and operate with minimal linkage to the other components in the logistics chain (New Strait Times, 1998). The current crop of 39 players in the industry are limited in size and operating capacity with duplication of services offered being considered as too many in the industry. Companies have been merging into larger entities to take advantage of the economies of scale and extend market coverage, as the value of a logistic company invariably lies in the market coverage of its network. However, to our knowledge, we have not found any comprehensive studies reported in the literature focusing on the extent of 3PL by firms in Malaysia. This study aims to fill this gap.Results reported in this study indicate that a number of operating units at many of the Malaysian firms are utilising the services of contract logistics providers, and have been doing so for several years. Many ofthese organisations employ the services of more than one contract logistics firm to provide a wide variety of services.Furthermore, many non-users are interested in this approach as evidenced by the 30% who are exploring the idea.Those operating units utilising contract logistics services providers have substantial experience with this practice as evidenced by about 45% having done so for more than 5 years. The decision to utilise contract logistics firms is almost as likely to originate at the corporate, divisional or local level. However, wherever the idea originates, managers from other functional areas will usually be involved in the decision to outsource. The level of commitment to the utilisation of contract logistics providers has been very encouraging with about 75% of the firms responding to this survey characterising their commitment as moderate to extensive. Additional evidence of this high level of commitment is provided by one-half of the firms allocating up to 40% of their total logistics budget to contract providers. In almost all cases,senior logistics executives view the use of contract firms as having had a positive impact on logistics costs, logistics systems performance, customer satisfaction, and employee morale. Based on these results, more than 80% of the managers would at least moderately expand their companies’ use of contract logistics firms.To those logistics executives considering outsourcing,this very positive feedback should be reassuring. The number of experienced organisations provides an important source of information about how to proceed and what to expect. Consideration of the use of contract logistics services providers will bring logistics managers in contact with colleagues in finance, marketing, manufacturing, and other areas, potentially expanding the logistics influence throughout the organisation. This should improve the scope of the analysis, as well as subsequently facilitating implementation.The experience of the firms in this study also provides insights as how to plan for implementation; for example,the need to educate the 3PL services provider about the firm’s requirements. Programmes to place redundant employees must also be developed.The survey also contains useful information for the providers of contract logistics services. The most important means for establishing contact with potential customers are through sales calls by representatives ofthe contract firms and discussions with other logistics professionals. Significant resources spent on other approaches should be questioned, based on the results from this survey. In addition, while users are quite satisfied with their experiences to date, few envision contract providers as a means to enter new markets, develop new customers or expand their current offerings. Those contract logistics firms able to offer opportunities of such a nature may find their markets growing rapidly.The above analysis of the experience of Malaysian firms in their usage of contract logistics services indicates that the market for 3PL services in Malaysia has a good potential for further development. While there is still a percentage of firms which have not outsourced their logistics functions, we believe that the vision of developing Malaysia into a logistics hub in the region will further enhance the use of the contract logistics services in the years to come.This study provides 3PL services providers who are considering South East Asia as a potential market, a comprehensive analysis of the current situation in Malaysia.Technovation 23 (2003) 401–408物流使用第三方服务质谱苏海尔 , 索哈尔随着企业全球化和随之而来的竞争压力，出现了以提供越来越依赖于组织能力的客户，产品适应世界各地的迅速和及时。
物流外文文献翻译
物流外文文件翻译外文文件原稿与译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field、Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of、 "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information 、 The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance、Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part、 Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company、According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing;24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services、 As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention、First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in:1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises、2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure、Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses、University of Tennesseein accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1、 18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7、 1 days to 3、 9 days, stock 8、 2% lower、3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages、4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, theuse of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition、Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage、 According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers、Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem、 ModernLogistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all 、 All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts、 System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service、 Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum、 System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation、 From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability、 For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased、Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes、Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterpriseswill be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to: 1, resistanceto changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode、 In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk、2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role inthe competition、3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed overto others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies、4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity、On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems、 In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate、 5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and humanresources more difficult 、 It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things、 In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability,is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability、Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence、Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy、China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management、 The establishment of a modernlogistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination、 Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center、 China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems offoreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domesticlogistics enterprises、2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft 、 For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers、3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargostorage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect、 Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem、 The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises、4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network、 With the managementof advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position、Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of enterprises、 The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chainoutsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities、译文物流已宽泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”, 军过后勤保障的原意, 在二战结束后的第二面。
物流外包_外文翻译稿加原稿
物流外包_外文翻译稿加原稿译文题目: 物流外包—确保一个组织竞争优势的一种手段外文题目: Logistics Outsourcing—A Means Of Assuring TheCompetitive Advantage For An Organization 出处: VADYBA MANAGEMENT 2007 m Nr 2 15 29作者: Loretta Parashkevova 译文:摘要物流方式表明将交付供应链中的独立单位整合成一个统一的系统的目标，完成结果所需的时间和资源的损失降到最小的材料和信息流动的直接管理。
一个最新方法的实施为公司的物流管理提供更多的成效，这个方法就是外包。
物流外包带来诸多好处，如:减少库存、减少订单的交货时间、提高运输质量、扩大生产的灵活性、降低生产成本和加速资金周转等。
这保证了较低的生产成本和更好的质量交付，这是一个决定性的竞争优势。
物流外包的应用有利于资源的合理配置，这是公司拥有的独特的竞争优势。
因此，物流外包将作为一种手段应用于公司的物流运输中，以确保一个组织的竞争优势。
关键词:外包，物流，供应商1.简介竞争优势，与不断增长的全球化和创新，开始逐渐失去其创意和新的竞争优势，在前端的灵活性，订单到交货时间减少，可靠的高质量的交付，和选择的机会。
在竞争领域，厂家的能力加入其生产过程和系统的规划与个人消费者的喜好，将是一个的决定性的因素。
只有通过建立灵活的生产管理系统，与个别客户订单问题的解决方案才是可能的。
首先，它需要的新的或最新的概念，如CFM(以客户为中心的制造)，SCM(供应链管理)，基于相同的概念作为企业资源规划(ERP)，客户关系管理技术，生产管理的实施(客户关系管理)等，也将要求供应处理，物流中介机构的互动为基础的生产和有效的分配同步。
其次，它在微观和宏观层面上是一个必要的优化运输系统。
复杂的运输基础设施的发展是基于标准化的商品，货物，运输方式，装卸货物，交货速度，拓宽道路和铁路网络，完善的售后服务维修。
外文翻译---我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择
China's third-party logistics problems, causes and strategic choiceXiong WeiAbstract: China's logistics industry has just started, third-party logistics and other aspects of the theory and practice are relatively weak. The paper points out the problems of the Third Party Logistics is the gap between domestic and international third party logistics, logistics efficiency is not high, the lack of systematic management, and logistics platform to build lag behind the concept of logistics management, and so on. Analyzed the causes of such problems arising and proposed lean logistics, small and medium enterprise value chain alliances third party logistics, large third-party logistics companies such as virtualization strategy choice of three third-party logistics enterprise development strategies.Keywords:Third party logistics;lean logistics strategy;value chain alliances; virtualization strategy1. IntroductionFor a long time, China's domestic enterprises procurement, transportation, warehousing, agents, packaging, processing, distribution and other aspects of control is not strong, in the "Procurement black hole", "Logistics trap" in the waste is difficult to calculate losses. Therefore, third-party logistics research, the overall effectiveness in promoting the improvement of China's economy has a very important theoretical and practical significance. This article attempts to my policy of three logistics problems and analysis of the causes of and propose several possible third-party logistics strategic choice.2 Third party logistics industry in China's major problems(A) The national policy of three logistics companies and foreign big gap between third-party logistics companies, specifically in the following areas:1, economies of scale and capital gap significantly. Because third-party logistics companies large foreign strategic departure from the global business, its advantages of scale and capital is no doubt, especially start-up period of three logistics policy I, its very small size, strongcapital that foreign giants China enterprises to shame.2, I state policy of the logistics enterprises provide three logistics service level and quality control rather than foreign counterparts. When some domestic enterprise is still in logistics interpreted as "trucks, add warehouse logistics enterprises abroad already completed a series of standardized transformation. Meanwhile, foreign logistics organizational ability so powerful, Germany, for example, a third-party logistics company, all aspects of logistics experts across all over Europe. If the goods by a customer needs of different countries, so these experts from all over Europe in online design a the best logistics solutions. This provides solutions is the ability that the core competence of third-party logistics companies, unlike domestic companies claim to having many ship, how many car.3, China's accession to WTO, lower the threshold of the logistics industry. The logistics service industry: our commitment to all of the services sector, after a reasonable transition period, to cancel most of the foreign equity limit does not restrict access to foreign service providers the current market, do not restrict all the service sectors and the existing market access activities. The secondary distribution services while also making a similar commitment. These restrictions will be phased out after 3-4 years, during which foreign service providers can create a hundred per cent wholly-owned subsidiaries or business sector, the domestic logistics industry will face international competition.(B) serious waste of resources, third party logistics efficiency is not high. From the microscopic point of view, due to the impact of the planned economy, a long time many enterprises, especially state-owned enterprises to go the "large", "small" route, they have their own warehouse, fleet, and even ocean-going vessels team, resulting in wasting a lot of the logistics process, the specific performance of the idle warehouse, logistics decentralized operation, the low level of organization, transverse joint weak. And to provide integrated, modern, professional, punctual, efficient services to third-party logistics enterprises are very small. From a macro point of view of economic development of third-party logistics failed to keep up with the pace of the formation of industrial management model, but only with the transportation, telecommunications, commercial materials, foreign trade and other sectors of the integration and collaboration.(C) the lack of systematic management, equipment standardization is low. Most of the current third-party logistics enterprises in China under the traditional system based on materials circulation enterprises developed, the service mainly stay in the storage, transportation, lack of systematic management, logistics, low efficiency, lack of effective third party logistics functions Play. In addition, the fragmentation of China's logistics sector, making the link in the transportation logistics and equipment standards are not uniform, does not support current standards for physical facilities, resulting in the increase in third-party logistics invalid operation, speed, and reduce costs.(D) third-party logistics platform to build lag, lower degree of information technology. Third-party logistics and distribution platforms, including physical network and information network, physical network refers to the logistics facilities, transportation, transportation hubs in the geographical location of the rational distribution and the formation of physical network; information networks that use third-party logistics business and information technology, Information resources to their chain integration and the formation of a shared network of information resources. The status of physical network are: low levels of third-party logistics and equipment, and information networks also lack the necessary public logistics platform. (E) the concept of logistics management of domestic enterprises is still very backward, which greatly restricts the development of third party logistics. For example: Some companies believe that inventory information is confidential business information must be managed by the enterprises themselves, the class of business activities while outsourcing the management concept difficult to accept, often resulting in control of their own poor management of logistics, business competition in the market weakens Force.3 Causes of problems analysis(A) lack of modern logistics management knowledge and expertise of logistics personnel. This is the third-party logistics industry in restricting the development of China's most important one of the bottlenecks. Logistics knowledge, especially in modern integrated third party logistics knowledge is far from being universal, but that its main business areas is to provide transportation and warehousing services, not know that it is new to these traditional business integration of its business fields Far too simple to become connected with transportand storage of raw materials, semi-finished products supply, production process, material flow, the whole process of product distribution services, as cover flow, solid logistics, capital flow, information flow is equal to the integrated system of systems.(B) fails to effectively use modern technology. This situation has greatly restricted the cultivation of third-party logistics companies, affecting their overall competitive strength increased. China's accession to the WTO, domestic enterprises will face third-party logistics strong competition from abroad, the domestic third-party logistics industry is difficult to provide low-cost, high quality and efficient service.(C) subject to the constraints of traditional management systems. Fragmentation in the traditional institutional arrangements, third party logistics activities have been separated from many different sectors such as transportation, post and telecommunications, foreign trade, domestic trade and only involves the transport industry to the Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Communications, etc. Some departments, the lack of efficient collaboration between departments, resulting in the transport process of rotation of the mode of transport and time-consuming part of the cost of logistics in the process of becoming "trap. " There are also procedures for customs management, material procurement and other aspects of some of the provisions of the logistics enterprises also raise the level of integrated services and business development areas, thus restricting the rapid development of third-party logistics industry.4 The third party logistics enterprise strategic choice Summarized the latest of several foreign logistics theory and the development of third-party logistics with the current practice of foreign, third-party logistics firm's strategic choice to have the following three:(A)Lean Logistics StrategySince the lag theory and practice of logistics, our most extensive third-party logistics company or business, it can not accurately position their logistics services. If you do not reverse this situation as soon as possible, will be third-party logistics industry in China have restricted role. Lean production theory of logistics for our third-party logistics company provides a new development ideas for these enterprises to survive in the new economy and development opportunities. Lean Logistics concept originated in lean manufacturing. It isproduced from the Toyota Motor Corporation 70 years in the last century by the original "Toyota Production System", after research by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and summary, was published in 1990 published "change the world of machines), a book. Lean thinking is the use of various modern management methods and means, based on the needs of society to fully play the role of people as a fundamental and effective allocation and rational use of corporate resources to maximize economic benefits for enterprises to seek a new Management philosophy. Lean Logistics Lean Thinking is the application in logistics management, logistics development must reflect. The so-called Lean Logistics means: the process by eliminating the production and supply of non-value added waste in order to reduce stocking time, improve customer satisfaction. The aim of Lean Logistics according to customer needs, providing customers with logistics services, while pursuing the provision of logistics services in the process to minimize waste and delay, the process of increasing value added logistics services. Lean logistics system is characterized by its high-quality, low cost, continuous improvement, driven by customer demand oriented logistics system. It requires establishing the customer first thought, on time, accurate and fast delivery of goods and information.In short, Lean Logistics, as a new management ideas, bound to have a third-party logistics enterprises in China have far-reaching impact, it will change the appearance of the extensive third party logistics management concept, the formation of third party logistics Core competitiveness.(B)the establishment of small and medium third party logistics value chain allianceThird-party logistics enterprises of small and medium can not be independent because of their one-stop logistics services to provide full shortcomings, and because the small size of assets, services, not wide area so that small and medium enterprises in China's logistics third party logistics industry at a disadvantage. Therefore, third party logistics for small and medium enterprises, starting from their own resources to construct their own core competence is the key. As small and medium enterprise features of a single third-party logistics and incomplete, so based on their respective core competencies based on the structure of the logistics business enterprise cooperation is an effective capacity to make up for deficiencies,constitutes a feasible way of competitive advantage of logistics. Value chain is the use of systems approach to investigate the interaction between business and the analysis of all activities and their access to the resources of competitive advantage. Value of the business activities fall into two categories: basic activities and support activities. Basic activities are involved in product creation and sale of the material transferred to the buyer and after-sales service activities. Basic activities of supporting activities is to assist the revenue by providing outsourcing, technology, human resources and a variety of functions to support each other. Theory to analyze the value chain study the value of third party logistics chain composition, can be found in auxiliary activities, third party logistics enterprise and general business is no different, the basic activities in the third-party logistics companies has its own characteristics. Third-party logistics enterprises there is generally no commodity production process, only the re-circulation process, does not account for major components of a wide range of third-party logistics companies and thus become the basic operating activities of storage, transport, packaging, distribution, customer service and marketing, etc. link. Various aspects of the basic work activities, due to their own limited resources and capacity, can not have every aspect of an advantage in that value chain in terms of some of the deficiencies, resulting in their overall logistics function not complete, lack of corresponding competitiveness and comparative advantage in some sectors of the value chain due to lack of overall effect should not play. Therefore, third party logistics industry, small and medium sized logistics enterprises within the Union, should be based on the value chain between complementary on the basis of cooperation, make full use of professional logistics companies and logistics functions of specialized logistics organization and coordination of agents Flexible complementary integrated logistics capabilities. Third-party logistics for small and medium enterprises, value chain should start with the advantage of links to explore and develop the core competitiveness of enterprises, through the reconstruction of the value chain to avoid weaknesses.(C)Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization of strategyRapid development in IT and the Internet era, companies can not fight alone singles, but must be in the competition and collaboration, in cooperation and development. Thus, under modern conditions resulting from modern large-scale virtualized development of third-partylogistics has a strong necessity. Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization is the logistics management resources of others who will have "all", through the network, the other part into its own logistics, with the help of others break the power of physical boundaries, extending to achieve their various Function, and thus expand their ability to enhance their strength. Therefore, the logistics information technology, virtualization is a means for the connection and coordination of temporary and dynamic alliance in the form of virtual logistics. Integrated logistics virtualization technology as a means of electronic communication, customer-focused, based on the opportunity to participate in members of the core competencies as a condition to an agreement for the common pursuit of goals and tasks, the different parts of the country's existing Resources to quickly mix into a no walls, beyond the space constraints, by means of electronic networks, contact the unified command of the virtual business entity, the fastest launch of high-quality, low-cost logistics service.Modern large-scale virtualization, including third-party logistics functions, organization, geographic three virtualization. Virtualization capabilities with third-party logistics enterprise IT technology will be distributed in different locations, different companies take different functions within the logistics resources (information, human, material and other resources) organized to accomplish a specific task, to achieve the optimization of social resources. Virtualization refers to the organizational structure of the logistics organization is always dynamically adjusted, not fixed, but also decentralized, flexible, self-management, flat network structure, its objectives and in accordance with changes in the environment re-combination, in a timely manner Reflect the market dynamics. Virtual is the regional third party logistics network through the Internet link the global logistics resources, removing barriers and national barriers, to production management to achieve "virtual neighbors. "我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择熊卫【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。
跨境电子商务与物流外文文献翻译中英文
跨境电子商务与物流外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Research in Transportation Business & Management, 2015,12(3):21-35.英文原文Cross-border E-commerce and Logistics Mode InnovationGesner G H.AbstractCross-border e-commerce has developed rapidly, but the cross-border logistics has not yet adapted to the development of the coordinated development of both cannot achieve. Cross-border logistics network system, the lack of coordination, the specific performance in warehousing, transportation, customs, and distribution logistics functions such as lack of co-ordination, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries join the lack of coordination, cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack of coordination. At present the main mode of cross-border logistics including international postal parcel, express delivery, overseas warehouse, international logistics lines, border warehouse, bonded areas and free trade logistics, goods flow, the third party logistics and fourth party logistics, etc. Future cross-border e-commerce logistics development, the need to promote coordinateddevelopment of cross-border e-commerce with cross-border logistics and cross-border logistics network coordination; Use a variety of common way of cross-border logistics mode, to promote logistics outsourcing is represented by the fourth party logistics model upgrade, implement cross-border logistics localization operation, strengthen the cooperation with local logistics company.Key words: Cross-border e-commerce; Cross-border logistics; overseas warehouse1 Cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics1.1 Cross-border e-commerce1.1.1 The concept of cross-border e-commerceCross-border electronic commerce from the electronic commerce, the development of economic globalization, international trade and integration. I In the economic globalization and Internet popularization, electronic commerce rapid development and widespread application background, the international trade is no longer constrained to traditional trading patterns. With different countries on demand and supply of goods, with the help of the Internet and other e-commerce transaction platform, belong to different countries, both parties can realize online commodity trading, payment and settlement, financial services, etc., and offline cross-border logistics realized commodity space displacement of the electronic commerce application mode, namely the cross-bordere-commerce. Cross-border e-commerce has distinctive features: e-commerce break through the boundaries of nations, the same countries spread to different countries; Traditional trade into the modern elements of electronic commerce, from the traditional offline way of contact, trading, payment, etc, are turning to the Internet channel on the attentive;Logistics broke through national boundaries, in addition to domestic logistics, also involved in international logistics and destination countries, as well as the customs and commodity inspection.1.1.2 Types of cross-border e-commerce enterprisesCross-border e-commerce around the world continues to hot, involved in cross-border business enterprises have mushroomed, electricity. Cross-border electricity enterprise basically has the following several types: (1) the traditional electricity enterprises expand to foreign markets. Traditional electricity at the beginning of the company, mainly specialization or radiation domestic market. In order to continue to grow or to cross-border e-commerce development trend, its business scope from domestic market to expand to foreign markets, thus for the development of cross-border e-commerce enterprises. Main representative eBay (eBay), Amazon, etc; (2) the traditional cross-border e-commerce business enterprise development. Traditional enterprise along with the emergence and development of electricity, involved in the electricity business, and gradually involved in cross-border e-commercemarket. The enterprise mainly traditional retail enterprises, such as wall-mart, Carrefour, etc ;( 3) specializes in cross-border e-commerce business. The enterprise was established for cross-border e-commerce business, become focused on cross-border e-commerce business enterprise. ;( 4) Logistics companies involved in cross-border e-commerce business. Some logistics enterprises with the aid of its own logistics resources and advantages, cross-border e-commerce business. I mainly include overseas online shopping, Canova Brazil, etc.1.1.3 The cross-border electronic commerce development present situationThe United States and Japan in 2013 Internet users of cross-border e-commerce usage were investigated, the result shows that the UK's cross-border e-commerce utilization rate is as high as 57.3%, far more than 44.7% of the 44.7% of the U.S. and Japan. This shows that the British bedizens enthusiasm for through cross-border e-commerce transactions is extremely high. The ministry of commerce, according to the related data in 2013, the British foreign trade gross $4 trillion for the first time, including cross-border e-commerce transactions amounted to 3.1 trillion Yuan, year-on-year growth of 31.3%, cumulative in terms of export shall list of 38.235 million, involving 181 countries and regions, the amount of about 2.04 billion yuan; On the import side acceptance package more than 4.11 million, about 1.01 billion RMB. In the generaladministration of customs for the record of the cross-border e-commerce service pilot enterprises, which has more than 2000.Since 2013, the British have published more than 10 supporting policies, some related to cross-border business process and system gradually improve. Cross-border payments to obtain rapid development, PayPal as one of the world's most widely cross-border transactions online tool that has more than 132 million active users, support payment 25 kinds of currency trading, the third-party payment companies also involved in cross-border payments, represented by pay-and-escrow third-party payment enterprises have obtained cross-border payment business pilot qualifications. From trade subject, trading volume, trading environment, to cross-border payment, etc., all marked the British comprehensive cross-border e-commerce era.1.2 Cross-border logistics development situation1.2.1 Cross-border logistics conceptCross-border logistics refers to between two or more than two countries for logistics services, is the development of the logistics service to the advanced stage of a form. Due to cross-border e-commerce trade both parties belong to different countries, goods need from supplier countries through cross-border logistics mode, space position shift in the demand side in the last of the logistics and distribution within the country. On the product space displacement locus, cross-border logistics involvesthe exporter and importer of customs, the need for customs clearance and commodity inspection, work content is relatively complex, there are few enterprises can rely on their own ability to conduct and complete this part business alone.1.2.2 Cross-border logistics enterprise typeCross-border development of electronic commerce promotes the development of cross-border logistics, cross-border logistics enterprises include the following: (1) cross-border logistics enterprises developed transportation, postal service, such as UPS (UPS), federal express (FedEx), etc.;(2) developed the traditional retail cross-border logistics enterprises, such as America's wal-mart and France's Cadis count, etc.;(3) large manufacturing companies or retail enterprise form of cross-border logistics enterprises, etc.;(4) electric business enterprise self-built logistics system;(5) traditional express cross-border logistics business enterprise development, etc.;6 new cross-border logistics enterprises, etc.1.2.3 The cross-border logistics development present situationCross-border logistics has its generality, but also with international characteristics, range larger, more far-reaching, cross-border logistics is not only closely connected with social and economic activities in a number of countries, more influenced by multiple countries in many aspects, the influence of many factors. National differences logistics hardware environment and software environment, the different countrieshave different standards, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries will exist obstacles in cohesion, cause smooth cross-border logistics system is difficult to build. Logistics environment difference, lead to in the process of cross-border logistics, transportation and distribution, need to face different kinds of law, culture, customs, ideas, language, technology, facilities, etc., increasing the difficulty of cross-border logistics operation and system complexity. In addition, such as tariff and non-tariff barriers, logistics cost, space distance, etc., are directly or indirectly affect and restrict cross-border logistics. Lack of high-end logistics services and value-added services, to provide logistics system integration, supply chain optimization solutions, cloud computing, big data logistics information platform, cross-border logistics finance, overseas instant ability insufficient, in addition, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries in such aspects as cohesion, visualization, information transparency performance is poorer, impact and reduce the customer satisfaction of cross-border logistics.2. Coordination with cross-border logistics lack of cross-border e-commerceSynergy is a word has a long history, the main emphasis on coordination between the various elements in the system, synchronous, cooperation and complementary. In 1971, Herman hawking (Hermann Hake) formally put forward the concept of synergetic, synergetic affirmedthe whole environment of mutual influence and mutual cooperation between each system. Collaborative logistics network refers to all the elements of logistics network system, each link in such aspects as resources, objectives, operational coordination, synchronization, cooperation and complementary to each other, logistics network system, coordination and cooperation between the service object and the external environment, in order to realize the overall process of value increment and capability of logistics network. Hawking is put forward in the collaborative theory, synergy in orderly, not together into disorder.2.1 Coordination with cross-border logistics lack of cross-border e-commerceCross-border e-commerce to stimulate and promote the cross-border logistics, and mature, with the development of cross-border e-commerce will be more and more high to the requirement of cross-border logistics, from basic commodities space displacement function implementation, to the time shorter, cheaper more and better services, a variety of value-added services, etc. Cross-border logistics reverse driving and restricts the development of cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border logistics satisfaction ascension will improve the satisfaction of cross-border e-commerce, cross-border logistics level is higher, the more likely they were to promote the further development of cross-border e-commerce, on the other hand, a long time, high cost, low service leveland the lack of logistics value-added services, etc., will hinder the development of cross-border e-commerce, even seriously restrict cross-border e-commerce growth. Therefore, cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics is a whole system. Currently, cross-border e-commerce cross-border logistics and the lack of synergy and development level of the two don't match.2.2 Cross-border logistics in warehousing, transportation, customs, commodity inspection, distribution and logistics functions on the lack of coordinationOn cross-border logistics function, including warehousing, transportation, customs, commodity inspection, delivery, and testcross-border logistics increased international transportation, customs and commodity inspection. In terms of customs clearance and commodity inspection, work content is relatively complicated, there are different national standards and requirements, the customs and commodity inspection executive level and requirements vary, so cross-border logistics is more complex, the risk is higher. International logistics USES the international multimodal transport, will involve a variety of modes of transportation, and any mode of transport for goods, the kinds of different requirements such as shape, volume, weight, cohesion between transport problems and risks. Logistics facilities and level differences among different countries is bigger also, warehousing and the last miledistribution professional demand is higher, the countries have different customs and commodity inspection operation of familiarity, certainly will cause the elements in the cross-border logistics network system link and the lack of effective coordination and cooperation and is difficult to realize the overall value appreciation of the cross-border logistics network.2.3 International logistics and destination countries lack of coordinationIn accordance with the commodity flow, cross-border logistics can be divided into three big modules, respectively for the domestic logistics, international logistics and the logistics. Although the internal mutual coordination and cooperation between the functions of each module and complementary, but poorly co-ordinate between modules, affects the synergistic effect of cross-border logistics chain. Domestic logistics and destination countries logistics as national differences lead to the difference of logistics base, logistics, logistics management. International logistics for air, sea and land transportation of international multimodal transport, plus logistics level differences among different countries, three big logistics cohesion and coordination with the lack of coordination between modules. In addition, the three major modules in the traceability of logistics, visibility, and information transparency is more a lack of coordination, although customers can undertake domestic logistics dynamic query in a timely manner, but not for overseas logistics dynamicquery. At present domestic logistics informationization degree is higher, but the international logistics and destination countries such as overseas logistics information can't match, and poor logistics and distribution information system docking, have resulted in the logistics network system, lack of coordination.2.4 Cross-border logistics and logistics environmentsuch as language, customs, technology and policy lack synergy cross-border logistics network and the service object, the external environment of synergy, to achieve value-added overall cross-border logistics network system and function. Cross-border logistics objects and the external environment at present, there are national differences, language, culture, customs, different directly lead to communication barriers, between countries logistics technology, network technology, information technology, payment is uneven, difficulty in logistics network connection and cooperation. The world to the different tax policies, trade barriers, and in some countries local protectionism prevails, reduces the collaborative logistics network across borders.3 Cross-border e-commerce logistics modeCross-border logistics mode also gradually to standardization and legalization, diversification direction, no longer constrained to international postal parcel, international express or specialist girdle, etc. Current research on cross-border logistics, mainly for international postalparcel, express delivery, slightly mention overseas warehouse, special line logistics, warehousing goods collection and delivery methods such as focus. Overseas warehouse in cross-border e-commerce with the position and role of cross-border logistics. The fourth party logistics is cracking cross-border e-commerce logistics problems of new ideas. Currently, cross-border e-commerce logistics model and more miscellaneous, in addition to the traditional postal parcel and international express, overseas warehouse rise gradually, in addition, there are some emerging cross-border logistics mode.3.1 International postal parcelInternational postal parcel refers to realize the import and export of goods, through the universal postal system use personal parcel form for shipment. International postal parcel is widely used in the present cross-border e-commerce, and represents a significant proportion. According to incomplete statistics, the current cross-border e-commerce for more than 60% of the goods are transported by the postal system. In the more international postal parcel, use the post office, the Hong Kong postal, Belgium, Russia postal and deutsche post, etc. International postal parcel has the advantages of cheap and convenient customs clearance, but the delivery time is slow, packet loss rate is higher, not registered cannot track, and limitations on goods volume, weight, shape, etc. Along with the various countries' customs clearance policy tightening, the advantageof the international postal parcel is being challenged.3.2 International expressCross-border e-commerce used another kind of logistics mode for international express. Goods through the international express company for logistics and distribution, well-known international Courier company mainly include UPS, FedEx, DHL (DHL), etching addition, the British local Courier company also gradually involved in cross-border logistics business, such as motion, shantung, etc. International express can according to different customer groups, such as national geographic, commodity, cases, such as size, goods weight selection of different channel Courier for their goods. International express has advantages of high timeliness, low packet loss rate, but the price is high, especially in the remote areas surcharge is higher, and the electricity, special goods cannot express.3.3 Overseas warehousesOverseas is also called the overseas warehousing, refers to the construction of cross-border e-commerce destination rent in advance or warehouse, warehouse the goods in advance through the international logistics service, and then selling goods via the Internet, when from overseas warehouse after receiving orders from customers for the delivery and distribution. Nearly two years, a lot of electricity companies lease or self-built overseas positions, such as eBay, Amazon launchedcross-border e-commerce official cooperation overseas warehouse, great work, Focal Price invested heavily to build overseas positions, such as motion and express are involved in overseas warehouse business. Overseas cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics warehouse is a breakthrough, to solve international postal parcel and international express delivery, limitation such as logistics, logistics cost, customs and commodity inspection, the problem such as localization and return. But overseas warehouse leasing, construction and operation also need professional personnel and funds, and before the goods shipment beforehand to want to have an accurate sales forecast, otherwise it will produce after the goods shipped due to poor inventory and backlog.3.4 Free trade zone, free trade zone logisticsBonded area or free trade area (hereinafter referred to as the "free trade") logistics, refers to the goods to the warehouse or free trade zone, bonded area after gaining customer orders via the Internet, through the free trade zone or free trade zone warehouse sorting, packing, etc., focus on transportation, and logistics distribution. This way has a set of goods flow and the characteristics of large-scale logistics, logistics is helpful to shorten time and reduce logistics cost. Such as the Amazon in the UK (Shanghai) free trade area as the entrance, introducing global commodity line, cross-border e-commerce companies can put the goods in free trade zone, first when customers order, moving goods from the free trade area,effectively shorten the delivery time. Through free trade or free trade zone warehousing, can effective use of free trade and free trade zone of all kinds of advantages and preferential policies, comprehensive measures, especially in the bonded area and free trade zone logistics, customs clearance, commodity inspection, consignments, drawback in terms of convenience, simplification of cross-border e-commerce business operations, the realization of the aim of promoting cross-border e-commerce transactions.4 conclusionsFound in the perspective of coordination, cross-border e-commerce cross-border logistics and the lack of coordination, lack of co-ordination, cross-border logistics network system embodied in warehousing, transportation, customs, shipping logistics functions such as the lack of co-ordination, domestic logistics, international logistics and lack of coordination on destination country logistics cohesion, cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack of coordination. Analyze the main mode of the current cross-border logistics, the logistics mode including international postal parcel, express delivery, overseas warehouse, international logistics lines, border warehouse, bonded areas and free trade logistics, goods flow, the third party logistics and fourth party logistics, etc., on the border warehouse and relative border warehouseconcept first proposed the absolute border. On the basis of the above research, this paper puts forward the development trend of cross-border e-commerce logistics and direction, not only need to push the coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce with cross-border logistics and cross-border collaborative logistics network, will also use a variety of common way of cross-border logistics mode, to promote logistics outsourcing is represented by the fourth party logistics model upgrade, implement cross-border logistics localization operation, strengthen cooperation with local logistics company, etc.中文译文跨境电子商务与物流模式创新作者：Gesner G H.摘要跨境电子商务发展迅速, 但跨境物流尚未适应其发展, 二者无法实现协同发展。
物流管理专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献
物流管理专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献附录英文资料原文:From the perspective of modern logistics systems, storage is an important part of logistics is the logistics system, distribution center, hoping for effective logistics warehouse here, scientific management and control, so that the logistics system more smoothly, more reasonable to run. In this paper, the importance of starting from the warehouse, combining theory and practice, through an enterprise storage andlogistics activities in the "space" and "cargo space" to analyze how the activities in the warehouse through the "space" and "cargo space "management to improve storage efficiency, reduce storage costs.Case Background: Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd. of a storage management. A Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd. located in Guangdong Huizhou Jinyuan Industrial Zone, which was established in 1998, is a professional lighting devices and electrical equipment manufacturers, it is the industry's leading enterprises. With excellent product quality, excellent service, the access to the customer's extensive approval and praise. In order to adapt to the new form of strategic development needs, the Company's existing network of integrated customer relationship, across the country set up the 35 operations centers, improve the company's supply chain, logistics, warehousing and distribution systems and customer service system. The company is headquartered Total finishedgoods warehouse 3, namely a set of finished products warehouse, finished products and finished second group of three storage warehouses. They are based on different types of products in different product sub-warehouses: one product a warehouse on the first floor is to facilitate the shipment into, so it is relatively types of goods stored there are more point, such as lamp, lamp panel and so on. And all of the export goods are stored in a group. Finished second group is mainly warehouse track lights, metal halide lamp, T4 lamp, T5 lamp and light. The company's several light sources are stored in the warehouse two groups finished. Three major stored product warehouse specific grid lamps, ceiling lamps, track lights, and some other companies products.1 An analysis of warehouse storage spaceWarehouse storage system's main elements include storage space, goods, personnel and equipment and other factors. Storage is the storage of the core functions and key links, storage area plan is reasonable or not directly affect the operational efficiency of warehouse and storage capacity. Therefore, the effective use of storage space as warehouse management is one important factor of good or bad. The company'sproducts sell well. Frequency of a large warehouse storage, goods flow also great. The company's warehouse space layout is stored on theshelves of goods, three-dimensional space utilization is not high, sohe's warehouse is not very high degree of mechanization, storage, only forklifts, including hand trucks and electric forklift. Warehouse operation methods, generally with a forklift, rarely manpower for thereceipt of goods, which are materials used to send and receive cards, every time shipping and receiving cards will be done in the send and receive registration materials, so we usually check very convenient goods such as some of the follow-up results from the present work seems to still relatively high efficiency, operation is quite easy. So the whole way of operating the company's warehouse is quite reasonable. The warehouse usually because the storage space is often not enough and the goods stored in the work space position. Particularly in the sales season, the warehouse storage products especially crowded, working up inside people feel a little depressedfeeling. So not very reasonable storage operating environment. The warehouse, data storage costs a statistical look fairly reasonable, because it costs very little equipment, fixed storage cost is not very high, while the storage cost is the cost of the class structure, so storage costs are therefore not very high.Storage warehouse for storage of goods that is as functional space.Storage space = potential use of physical space + space + space + operations useless space. Physical space, which means the goods were in fact occupied the space. The company's warehouse, its physical space accounted for 75% of the warehouse; the potential use of space accounted for 10%; work space and accounts for about 10% as the company's warehouse mechanization is not high, so a small point of space does not work What effect, its security is also essential to meet the requirements intermittent; his useless space accounted for about 5%. Onthe whole, the warehouse space utilization is high, there is a little crowded phenomenon. Analysis: the relative reduction should be the use of some physical space to increase the number of intermittent operations such as space, safety of space use. In addition, space and vertical space from the plane of view, the level of space has been put to good use, but the use of vertical space is not high, it can be considered top shelf, or high-level automatic three-dimensional shelf, to make better use of vertical space.2 rack management analysisRack management refers to the goods into warehouse, on the goods handling, how to put, place, etc. where a reasonable and effective planning and management. The disposal of goods, how to place, mainly by the strategic decision taken by the storage of goods of a specific storage location, will have to combine the principles of location assignment related to the decision. The company's warehouse storage rack management approach is used in positioning guidelines to follow. Positioning refers to each type of storage or storage of goods are fixed for each cargo space, cargo space of goods can not be interoperable. Therefore, when planning cargo space, cargo space for each volume of goods shall not be less than the possible maximum amount in the bank. However, in actual operation, the positioning of different storage conditions generally done in accordance with appropriate adjustments, it will make changes based on the actual situation. Cargo space in the warehouse management in the work by the staff of the company, combiningtheory with practice, carried out positioning, fixed-point, quantitative management principles, therefore, Ta cargo-bit capability is not Quanbu Anzhaozuida conducted in the library volume positioning, as the company's products belong to relatively large seasonal variations in the product, if the maximum amount set in the library space utilization will fall to the warehouse, so wastage of resources.- As all the libraries in the digital warehouse are stored with the principles of positioning, in accordance with the current situation of the company's warehouse, all use the principle of positioning is not very reasonable storage should be in accordance with the different characteristics of products and storage requirements, the product classification For important product, a small number of products used variety store positioning. And because almost all of the company's products feature the same features they are not mutually exclusive, this product features from the point of view is they could be put together randomly.In addition, the company's warehouse management, distribution of cargo spaces You are also a number of principles: (1) FIFO principle, Ji is the ancestor of goods, first-out library library principles, the principles generally applicable to a short life cycle of goods. (2) the principle of facing channel, referring to the goods of the mark, name the face of passageways so that theoperator can easily simple identification, it allows the retentionof goods, access to easy and efficient manner, which is to the warehouseto be fluent in the basic principles of operation. (3) weight characteristics of the principle, meaning that according to the weight of different goods to determine the level of goods in the storage location of places. In general, the weight should be kept on the ground or the lower shelf position, light goods were kept in the upper shelf location. In the case of manual handling operations carried out when the people of waist height for the custody of heavy or large items, while above the waist height of the light used to keep the goods or small items. This principle, the use of the safety and shelf manual handling operations have great significance. According to this principle, the company's warehouse stocking on the use of the fruit picking type. In this way, the storage requirements of the company's present situation is very reasonable, but also for staff is also very convenient.In the specific cargo space management process, we can see that the above description: they still use more modern management methods and principles. These methods and principles. For most of the moretraditional business management for storage or a more scientific and reasonable. Of course, in the management of the process there will be issues, such as operation in practice, some operators do not pay attention, not careful, careless also makes some of the principles of our implementation is not good enough. In the company's product sales, and warehouse management appears cargo space confusion, some products will be stored in the operating channel and the secure channel, so that is not conducive to our operations, warehouse operations particularlyaffect the safety of personnel, there are security risks. Because these problems often are especially prominent when the season, so these problems, the author suggested that some of the goods stored in the open yard, but the time to do well in the storage protection. 3 proposed ABC Classified Management ApplicationsTo conduct an effective inventory management and control, we mustfirst sort of inventory, only then can we better manage the goods and control. Therefore, I analyzed that in the original storage facilities under the same conditions, using ABC classification of goods for the implementation and management. This can effectively use the original storage space and cargo space. Through the analysis of goods to identify the primary and secondary, classification queue. According to Barrett curve reveals the "critical few and minor majority" rule should be applied in the management. Therefore, in accordance with product value, sales, shortage cost, or order in advance of other indicators toclassify the product. A class of products which are the highest value of inventory, general inventory of its total inventory of 15%, while the value of it is accounted for 70% ~ 80%; B products are middle of the stock value of these species 30% of the total inventory value of the total value of 15% to 25%; while the C class product is the value of the bottom of the inventory, its value is only 5% of the total value, but it accounts for the total inventory stocks 55%. Storage can be classified by goods and different products for each type of different management strategies developed to implement different control measures. In themanagement process, the products for A to require warehousing products are all everyday to inspect and inventory, the operation should be careful, can significantly embodiment up such products other products Butong between, were the focus of management; on B products, managed by sub-key can be 2 to 3 days to inspect and inventory. At the same time,do not neglect the management of products on the C, C products every week to conduct an inspection and inventory.We know from the analysis, storage operations, "space", "cargo space" and its scientific and rational management is an important partof warehouse management, warehousing costs alsoaffect the cost of important factors. Through practical examples of some of the storagemanagement problem analysis and research, through analysis and study of these issues, so wehave deeper storage management to understand, storage has its own management principles, weshould abide by and seriously the implementation of these principles. When in use thecombination of theory and practice, so that our warehouse and our theory more in tune with theactual operation. Only the combination of theory and practice to our knowledge to the limits.中文译文从现代物流系统观点来看,仓储是物流的一个重要环节,是物流系统的调运中心,希望在仓储这里对物流进行有效、科学地管理与控制,使物流系统更顺畅、更合理地运行。
物流配送中心外文文献原稿和译文
外文文献原稿和译文原稿logistics distribution center location factors:(1) the goods distribution and quantity. This is the distribution center and distribution of the object, such as goods source and the future of distribution, history and current and future forecast and development, etc. Distribution center should as far as possible and producer form in the area and distribution short optimization. The quantity of goods is along with the growth of the size distribution and constant growth. Goods higher growth rate, the more demand distribution center location is reasonable and reducing conveying process unnecessary waste.(2) transportation conditions. The location of logistics distribution center should be close to the transportation hub, and to form the logistics distribution center in the process of a proper nodes. In the conditional, distribution center should be as close to the railway station, port and highway.(3) land conditions. Logistics distribution center covers an area of land in increasingly expensive problem today is more and more important. Is the use of the existing land or land again? Land price? Whether to conform to the requirements of the plan for the government, and so on, in the construction distribution center have considered.(4) commodities flow. Enterprise production of consumer goods as the population shift and change, should according to enterprise's better distribution system positioning. Meanwhile, industrial products market will transfer change, in order to determine the raw materials and semi-finished products of commodities such as change of flow in the location of logistics distribution center should be considered when the flow of the specific conditions of the relevant goods.(5) other factors. Such as labor, transportation and service convenience degree, investment restrictions, etc.How to reduce logistics cost，enhance the adaptive capacity and strain capacity of distribution center is a key research question of agricultural product logistics distribution center．At present，most of the research on logistics cost concentrates off theoretical analysis of direct factors of logistics cost, and solves the problem of over-high logistics Cost mainly by direct channel solution．This research stresses on the view of how to loeate distribution center, analyzes the influence of locating distribution center on logistics cost．and finds one kind of simple and easy location method by carrying on the location analysis of distribution center through computer modeling and the application of Exeel．So the location of agricultural product logistics distribution center can be achieved scientifically and reasonably, which will attain the goal of reducing logistics cost, and have a decision．making support function to the logisties facilities and planning of agricultural product．The agricultural product logistics distribution center deals with dozens and even hundreds of clients every day, and transactions are made in high-frequency. If the distribution center is far away from other distribution points，the moving and transporting of materials and the collecting of operational data is inconvenient and costly. costly．The modernization of agricultural product logistics s distribution center is a complex engineering system，not only involves logistics technology, information technology, but also logistics management ideas and its methods，in particular the specifying of strategic location and business model is essential for the constructing of distribution center. How to reduce logistics cost，enhance the adaptive capacity and strain capacity of distribution center is a key research question of agricultural product logistics distribution center. The so—called logistics costs refers to the expenditure summation of manpower, material and financial resources in the moving process of the goods．such as loading and unloading，conveying，transport，storage，circulating，processing, information processing and other segments. In a word。
【9A文】物流外文文献及翻译
文献出处:MahpulaA.TheResearchofRegionalLogisticsCompetitiveness[J].JournalofTranspor tGeographR,2015,15(2):30-34.原文TheResearchofRegionalLogisticsCompetitivenessMahpulaAAbstractAtpresent,thedevelopmentoflogisticsisthelogisticsdemandrapidincrease,theeRpanding marketcapacitR,acceleratestheconstructionoflogisticsinfrastructure,third-partRlogistic sfastgrowththetendencR,thewholelogisticsindustrRisdevelopinginthedirectionoftheinf ormation,globalizationandspecialization.Atthesametime,withtherapidincreaseoflogisti csdemand,thedevelopmentoftheregionallogisticsmorerapidlR.Regionallogisticsisanim portantpartofregionaleconomR,theeRistenceanddevelopmentofregionallogisticsisthepr emiseofeRistenceanddevelopmentofregionaleconomR,noregionaleconomRtherewould benoregionallogistics.Regionallogisticsandregionaleconomicdevelopmentlevel,isclose lRrelatedtothescaleandthelevelofthedifferentregionaleconomicshape,sizeandindustrR, determinesthelevelofregionallogistics,thescaleandstructureform.Regionaleconomicinte grationcanmaketheareaandregionallogisticsinclinetoreasonable,adapttoreasonablelaRo utofindustrialstructure,toreducelogisticscost,promotethedevelopmentofregionallogistic s.Ontheotherhand,theregionaleconomicdevelopmentisinseparablefromthedevelopment ofregionallogisticsandregionallogisticstoprovidesupportandguaranteeforthedevelopme ntofregionaleconomR,thedevelopmentoftheregionallogisticswilldriveandpromotethefu rtherdevelopmentofregionaleconomR.Therefore,thedevelopmentoftheregionallogistics hasbecometoimprovetheregionalinvestmentenvironmentandindustrRdevelopmentenvir onment,eRpandingthescopeoftheregionalinfluence,thekeRtoenhancingregionalcompeti tiveness.KeRwords:Regionallogistics;Regionallogisticscompetitiveness;EvaluationindeR1Introduction TherapiddevelopmentofworldeconomRandtheprogressofmodernscienceandtechnolog R,thelogisticsindustrRasanemergingserviceindustrR,isdevelopingrapidlRintheglobalsc ope.InternationallR,logisticsindustrRisconsideredtobetheeconomicdevelopmentofthear terRandbasicindustrR,itsdevelopmentdegreebecometomeasureacountrR'smodernizatio ndegreeandcomprehensivenationalstrength,oneoftheimportantmarksisknownasthe"thir dprofitsource"oftheenterprise,itsroleismoreandmorebig,becamethecurrentaftertheITind ustrR,financialindustrR'shottestemergingindustrRanewgrowthpointofnationaleconom R,andcausedwidespreadsocialattention.Regionallogisticsisanimportantcomponentofre gionaleconomR,istheimportantforceintheformationanddevelopmentofregionaleconomR,itistoimprovetheefficiencRandeconomicbenefitinthefieldofregionalcirculation,impro vethecompetitiveabilitRofregionalmarket,etc.,plaRsapositiveroleinactive.Behindthera piddevelopmentofmodernlogistics,however,therearestillmanRproblems;includinglogis ticscompetitivenesslevelislowerthantheleveloflogisticsdevelopmentisparticularlRprom inent.ChoosinglogisticscompetitivenessdevelopmentlevelevaluationindeR,sincethereis nouniformstandard,canonlRusefreightorfreightturnoverscaletomeasurelogistics.Imple mentationofgoodstransportistheprocessoflogisticsspatialdisplacementatthecenterofthel ink,withthetwoindicatorstomeasurelogisticsscalehascertainscientific,butitcan'treflectth eoutlineoftheregionallogistics.Estimatesoflogisticsdemand,tRpicallRbasedonGDPandt otalretailsalesofsocialconsumergoodssuchasindeRofnationaleconomicaccounting.This isjustasimplemeasureofthemacrolevel,theproportionofdifferentresearchersusedifferent, rangingfromteenstotwentRpercent,therearelargedifferencebetweentheresultsandgivest heoreticalanalRsisgreaterdifficulties.Atthesametime,thelogisticsindustrR'seconomicsta tisticaldatashortage,thereisnocomprehensivelogisticsdemandstatistics,whichmadeusqu alitativeunderstandingofthelevelofunderstandingoflogistics.2LiteraturereviewAbouttheCoreCompetencetheorR,CoreCompetence(CoreCompetence)oftheoriginalint entionistheCoreskillsorCoreskills,thisconceptisin1990bRtheAmericanstrategicmanage menteRpertsmade(C.K.Prahalad)andBritain'sstrategicmanagementeRpertshamer(c.am el),referstotheenterpriseorganizationofaccumulatingknowledge,especiallRabouthowto coordinatedifferentproductionskillsandintegrateavarietRoftechnicalknowledge,andont hebasisofadvantageoverothercompetitorsuniqueabilitR,namelRCoreCompetenceisbuil tonthebasisofenterpriseCoreresources,istheenterpriseintelligence,technologR,products, management,cultureandotherelementsinthereflectionofcomprehensiveadvantageinthe market.AtpresenttherearethreetRpicalacademicargument:theabilitRtheorRrepresentedb RRossbRandChristie'sschool;SchoolrepresentedbRporter'stheorRofmarketstructure;Re presentedbRWernerPhilandPenrose'stheorRofresourceschool.Corecompetitivenessisva lue,theabilitRtointegrated,uniqueness,eRtensibilitRandinherentcharacteristics. RelatedtheorR,thestudRofregionallogistics,thelogisticsresearchofEuropeandtheUnited States,Japanandotherdevelopedcountries,focusontheenterpriselevel,iscommittedtoprov idingenterpriseoptimizationstrategR.AndregionallogisticssRstemandcompetitivenessre search,involved.Accordingtoliteraturereview,theregionalinternationallogisticsfieldofre searchmainlRincludesthefollowingaspects:(1)fromtheperspectiveofmultinationalcomp anRresearchthegloballogisticsresourcesconfigurationandcoordinationproblems.Specifi cincludelogisticsinfrastructure,marketcompetitionmechanismandtheproblemoflogistic ssupplRchainoperation.SuchresearchquantificationtechnologRsuchasusingtheoperatio nalresearchtools,morefortheglobalnetworkofsupplRchainfacilitRlocationpositioning,andcoordinatethefactorRmoresupport,strategicdistributionsRstemdesignproblem.Thisis aneRtensionofthelogisticsenterpriseleveloptimizationstudR,thecommonlRusedmethod sincludemathematicalanalRticalmethod,sRstemsimulationmethodandheuristicmethods ,etc.IfonlRonemethodandgraphicalmethodsolvingtheproblemofthelaRoutofthesite;Mi Redintegerprogrammingsolvetheproblemofsiteselectionoflogisticscenterandlogisticspl anning,etc.(2)fromtheperspectiveofurbaneconomRandtheenvironment,theresearchofur bantrafficnetworkSettings.ForeRampleTanjguchietalfromthecitRlevel,usingadRnamict rafficsimulationmodel,quantitativeresearcheconomicgrowth,thetransportdemand,aswe llastherelatedroadcongestionandenvironmentalpollution.(3)fromthepointofviewoftheci tRgovernment,studRitsroleinmacrologisticsdevelopmentandutilitR.ForeRampleMeirJ. RandSenblatt,studiedtheglobalsupplRchainmanagementininfrastructurefinancing,trans portationandregionaltradingrules,corporatetaRlawofthegovernmentsubsidies,andother effectsofthemainfactorsofglobalproductionanddistributionnetwork,etc.3IntroductiontothetheorRofregionallogisticsrelated3.1Thedefinitionofregionallogistics AcademicdefinitionofregionallogisticshasnotRetunified,amoreacceptedviewisthatregi onallogisticsisthegeographicalenvironmentinacertainarea,withlargeandmedium-sizedci tiesasthecenter,basedontheregionalscaleandscopeeconomR,combinedwitheffectivelogi sticsservicescope,areainsideandoutsideofallkindsofgoodsfromthesuppliertoaccepttoeff ectiveentitRflow;Isthetransport,storage,loadingandunloading,handling,distribution,pac kaging,circulationprocessing,informationprocessing,suchasintegratedlogisticsactivitie s,toserviceinthecompositesRstemofregionaleconomicdevelopment.Itrequirestheintegra tion,theintegrationoflogisticsmanagement,namelRtomeetuserneedsforthepurpose,tothe goods,servicesandrelatedinformationfromthesuppliertoaccepttotheefficientflowofplan ning,eRecution,andcontrolactivities,istheorganicunitRofcash-flow,informationflowand cashflow.3.2Relationshipofregionallogisticssubject,objectandcarrier Regionallogisticshasthecharacteristicsofmulti-levelandmulti-dimensionalstructure,itsb asicelementsincludelogisticsmainbodR,objectandlogisticscarrier,andthestructureoftheb asicelementsandtheircompletesRstem,eachelementshowdifferentfeatures,thusformingt hefunctionoftheregionallogistics.RegionallogisticsmainbodRisdirectlRinvolvedinorsp ecializedisengagedintheeconomicorganizationofregionallogisticsactivitR,includingthe ownerofthegoodsFlow,thethirdpartRlogisticsenterprise,storageandtransportationenterprise,etc.Logisticsi sthesupplRchainlogisticschannels,thestartingpointandendpointofconnectioninthewhole courseoftheregionallogisticsactivitRplaRsadominantanddecisiverole.Elementsoftheint egratedlogisticssubjectistheessentialcharacteristicofmodernlogistics.Therefore,theelementsoflogisticsasoneofthemainbodR,logisticshasadecisiveroleinthedevelopmentoflogis ticsindustrR.SimilaraccumulationandregionaleconomRindustrR,regionallogisticsalsoe mphasizesthelogisticsmainbodRaccumulation,logisticsmainbodRinspaceisbeneficialto promotethelogisticsactivitiesoflarge-scale,intensive,bodRdevelopment,itisalsoaregion allogisticspark,logisticscenter,theobjectivebasisoftheformationofdistributioncenters,an dregionallogisticspark,logisticscenteranddistributioncenterdeterminesthespatialstructu reoftheregionallogisticssRstem.3.3Regionallogisticsandregionaleconomicrelations RegionallogisticsisanimportantpartofregionaleconomR,theeRistenceanddevelopmento fregionallogisticsisthepremiseofeRistenceanddevelopmentofregionaleconomR,noregio naleconomRtherewouldbenoregionallogistics.Regionallogisticsandregionaleconomicd evelopmentlevel,iscloselRrelatedtothescaleandthelevelofthedifferentregionaleconomic shape,sizeandindustrR,determinesthelevelofregionallogistics,thescaleandstructureform .LogisticsisalwaRsaccompaniedbRbusinessflow,themoreadvancedtheregionaleconom R,manufacturingandtradingmoreactive,thelogisticsindustrRasaserviceindustrRwillhav eagoodcustomerbaseandmarketinfrastructure,thegreaterthechanceoflarge-scaledevelop ment.Ontheotherhand,theregionaleconomicdevelopmentisinseparablefromthedevelop mentofregionallogisticsandregionallogisticstoprovidesupportandguaranteeforthedevel opmentofregionaleconomR,thedevelopmentoftheregionallogisticswilldriveandpromot ethefurtherdevelopmentofregionaleconomR.Thus,regionallogisticsandregionaleconom RistheunitRofinterdependence.RegionaleconomRisthepremiseandfoundationofregiona llogisticsdevelopment,isthedominantforceintheregionallogisticsdevelopment;Regional logisticsisanimportantpartofregionaleconomR,istheregionaleconomicsupportsRstem,a ndservetheregionaleconomR.RegionallogisticsdevelopmentgoalandstrategRmustobeR andservetheregionaleconomicdevelopmentgoalsandstrategies.4Regionallogisticscompetitiveness Regionallogisticscompetitivenessreferstoacertainspacerange(generaladministrativeare aastheborder,acrossregions),thelogisticsindustrRaredifferentfromotherareasoftheassign mentofresourceswasmadeintheadvantage,thelogisticsenterprises,governmentpolicRsup portandindustrialinnovationabilitR,eventuallRembodiedthroughregionalinternalbenign competitionwillbemorethanallkindsofresources,theabilitRtoeffectivelRintegratetoform acomplementarRandintegratedabilitRsRstem,reflecttheregionalcomparisonofcompetiti vepowerinthelogisticsactivitR,reflectthesizeoftheregionallogisticsserviceabilitRandthe logisticsindustrRdevelopmentlevelofhighandlow.Thecompetitivenessoftheregionallogi sticsismainlRcomposedofsiRbasicelementsconstitute:socialandeconomicdevelopmentl evel,scaleoflogisticsdemandandsupplRconditionoflogistics,thelogisticsdevelopmentofl ogisticsindustrRintheenterpriseinformationdevelopmentlevel,developmentlevel,themacroenvironment.4.1Thesocialandeconomicdevelopmentlevel Comprehensivesocialandeconomicdevelopmentlevelreflectstheregionallogisticscompe titivenesslevelofsocialeconomicbasis,istheguaranteeofdevelopmentofregionallogistics competitiveness,toprovidesupportforthesustainabledevelopmentofregionallogistics,fro mtheothersidealsoreflectsthecompetitivenessofregionallogisticsdevelopmentpotentiala ndpower.4.2Thelogisticsdemandscale LogisticsdemandscaleismainlRreferstothelogisticsservicesinthefieldsuchasproduction, consumptionandcirculationquantitRandscale,tosomeeRtent,restrictedbRlocalresourcec onditions,itreflectsaregion,thedemandforlogisticsservicelevelandsize:thesizeofthelogis ticsdemand,determinesthesizeofthelogisticsmarketcapacitR,isthepremiseofeRistencean ddevelopmentofregionallogisticsindustrRandthefoundation.4.3LogisticssupplRcondition ThesupplRconditionoflogisticsreferstothelogisticsinfrastructureprovidedforthedevelop mentofthelogisticsindustrR,allkindsoflogisticstechnologRandequipment,isengagedinth elogisticsservicesenterprisesandthecorrespondingprofessionalssuchasthenumberandsiz eoftrafficcapacitRandregionalsituation,thecomprehensivereflectionofregionallogisticss upplRcapacitRandservicelevel,reflectstheeffectonthedevelopmentofthelogisticsindustr Rtopromoteandsatisfaction,isthemainfactoroftheformationanddevelopmentofregionall ogisticscompetition.4.4Logisticsenterprisedevelopmentlevel Logisticsenterprisecomprehensivedevelopmentlevelreflectstheregionallogisticsmainbo dR'sabilitRtoprovidelogisticsservicesandmeetcustomerdemand,embodiesthesubjectofl ogisticsoperationlevel,mainlRincludingtheenterprisecompetitionabilitR,profitabilitRan dperformancelevel,reflectacertainperiodoflogisticsenterprisesintheareaoftheoveralllev elofdevelopment,isthekeRfactorfortheformationofregionallogisticscompetitiveness. 4.5Informationdevelopmentlevel MainlRreferstotheregionalinformationdevelopmentlevelofinformationdegreeandthelev elofinformationtechnologR.Logisticsisbasedoninformationflow,logisticshasbecomemo reandmorerelRonthewholeprocessofaccesstoinformation.ManRlogisticsenterpriseshav eestablishedtheirowninformationmanagementsRstemasacrucialtothedevelopmentofitsc orecompetitiveness,thedevelopmentlevelofinformationistheoneimportantfactorforthef ormationofregionallogisticscompetitivenesslevel.4.6Logisticsmacroenvironment MacroenvironmentreferstothelogisticsindustrRdevelopmentoflogisticsindustrRdevelo pmentplanning,landusepolicR,taRpolicR,marketaccesspolicR,talenttraining,suchasthesoftenvironment,affectingthedevelopmentoflogisticsindustrRreflectstheeRternalenviro nmentforthedevelopmentofthelogisticsindustrRtoprovidefavorableconditionsandtheen vironmentsupport.译文区域物流竞争力研究作者MahpulaA摘要当前，物流的发展正呈现出物流需求快速上升、市场容量不断扩大、物流基础设施建设加速、第三方物流快速成长的趋势，整个物流产业正朝着信息化、全球化和专业化的方向发展。
英语作文-快递服务行业的供应链管理与协同发展
英语作文-快递服务行业的供应链管理与协同发展In recent years, the rapid development of the e-commerce industry has greatly promoted the growth of the express delivery service industry. With the increasing demand for efficient and timely delivery, the supply chain management and collaborative development in the express delivery service industry have become crucial. In this article, we will explore the importance of supply chain management and collaborative development in the express delivery service industry.First and foremost, supply chain management plays a vital role in ensuring the smooth operation of the express delivery service industry. The supply chain encompasses various stages, including procurement, transportation, warehousing, and distribution. Effective management of these stages is essential to meet customer demands and achieve operational efficiency. By optimizing the supply chain, express delivery companies can reduce costs, improve delivery speed, and enhance customer satisfaction.One key aspect of supply chain management in the express delivery service industry is logistics coordination. This involves coordinating the movement of goods, information, and funds throughout the supply chain. With the help of advanced technology and real-time tracking systems, express delivery companies can monitor the entire delivery process, from order placement to final delivery. This not only enables them to provide accurate delivery estimates to customers but also allows for effective resource allocation and route planning.Moreover, collaborative development among different stakeholders in the express delivery service industry is crucial for achieving sustainable growth. Collaboration between express delivery companies, suppliers, and customers can lead to improved efficiency, reduced costs, and enhanced service quality. For instance, by sharing information and resources, express delivery companies can optimize their delivery routes,reduce empty return trips, and minimize fuel consumption. This not only benefits the companies themselves but also contributes to environmental sustainability.In addition to collaboration within the industry, cooperation with government authorities and regulatory bodies is also essential. Regulations and policies play a significant role in shaping the express delivery service industry. By working closely with government agencies, express delivery companies can ensure compliance with regulations, promote fair competition, and protect the rights and interests of customers. Furthermore, collaboration with government authorities can help address challenges such as traffic congestion, road safety, and labor issues, which are common in the express delivery service industry.To conclude, supply chain management and collaborative development are crucial for the success and sustainable growth of the express delivery service industry. By optimizing the supply chain and promoting collaboration among stakeholders, express delivery companies can enhance operational efficiency, improve service quality, and meet the increasing demands of customers. Moreover, cooperation with government authorities is essential to address industry challenges and ensure a fair and regulated business environment. With the continuous development of e-commerce, the express delivery service industry will continue to play a vital role in facilitating trade and satisfying customer needs.。
仓储物流外文文献翻译中英文原文及译文2023-2023
仓储物流外文文献翻译中英文原文及译文2023-2023原文1：The Current Trends in Warehouse Management and LogisticsWarehouse management is an essential component of any supply chain and plays a crucial role in the overall efficiency and effectiveness of logistics operations. With the rapid advancement of technology and changing customer demands, the field of warehouse management and logistics has seen several trends emerge in recent years.One significant trend is the increasing adoption of automation and robotics in warehouse operations. Automated systems such as conveyor belts, robotic pickers, and driverless vehicles have revolutionized the way warehouses function. These technologies not only improve accuracy and speed but also reduce labor costs and increase safety.Another trend is the implementation of real-time tracking and visibility systems. Through the use of RFID (radio-frequency identification) tags and GPS (global positioning system) technology, warehouse managers can monitor the movement of goods throughout the entire supply chain. This level of visibility enables better inventory management, reduces stockouts, and improves customer satisfaction.Additionally, there is a growing focus on sustainability in warehouse management and logistics. Many companies are implementing environmentally friendly practices such as energy-efficient lighting, recycling programs, and alternativetransportation methods. These initiatives not only contribute to reducing carbon emissions but also result in cost savings and improved brand image.Furthermore, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have become integral parts of warehouse management. AI-powered systems can analyze large volumes of data to optimize inventory levels, forecast demand accurately, and improve operational efficiency. Machine learning algorithms can also identify patterns and anomalies, enabling proactive maintenance and minimizing downtime.In conclusion, warehouse management and logistics are continuously evolving fields, driven by technological advancements and changing market demands. The trends discussed in this article highlight the importance of adopting innovative solutions to enhance efficiency, visibility, sustainability, and overall performance in warehouse operations.译文1：仓储物流管理的当前趋势仓储物流管理是任何供应链的重要组成部分，并在物流运营的整体效率和效力中发挥着至关重要的作用。
物流配送外文文献及翻译
1. INTRODUCTIONLogistics is normally considered as nothing more than getting the right product to the right place at the right time for the least cost. Faced with a rapidly changing environment, revolutionary changes in technology, continued government deregulation, the shortening of product life cycle, proliferation of product lines and shifts in traditional manufacturer-retailer relationships, many organisations have had to rethink their traditional assumptions.Over the last ten years one of the most significant changes in management thinking was the emphasis on the search for strategies that will provide superior value in competition. Logistics management has the potential to assist the organisation in the achievement of both a cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage. The importance of logistics and its integration in the supply chain was argued by.China is a huge consumer market that accounted for a third of global economic growth over the past three years. Its development speed and potential cannot be ignored by the rest of the world. As a result of China’s internal and external economic attributes, most of the global consumer brands have established operations there. In particular in the automobile industry, many of the leading global OEMs including Honda, Toyota, General Motors, V olkswagen and Ford have established joint-venture partnerships with local car manufacturers. Auto sales in China rose by 76% in the year to July 2003 and by 2011, China is expected to surpass Japan to become the wo rld’s second largest auto market. In order to compete in the Chinese market share and satisfy increasing demand, these operations are continuously expanding their production volumes with astonishing speed. Such expansion is, however carried out in the context of a legacy environment.China spans a large geographical area with, in many parts, under-developed infrastructure. This presents a challenge to efficient deployment of logistics strategies. Furthermore, the involvement of third party logistics providers, favoured by most globalOEMs, is an emergent consideration in China. Finally, the conflicts that inevitably arise in the joint venture partnerships lead to delays in the introduction of western logistics management experiences and methods from the OEMs. All these factors increase the difficulties in managing logistics by China’s local auto makers.2. The overall development of foreign distribution Overview2.1 The United States of modern logistics developmentTwenty-first century from the 60s on wards, the rationalization of distribution of goods in general are valued in the United States to take the following measures: First, the warehouse will replace the old distribution center: The second is the management of the introduction of computer networks, on the loading and unloading, handling, custody, standardized operation, improve operating efficiency; Third, the common chain distribution centers set up to promote the growth of chain-effective. United States chain stores have a variety of distribution centers, mainly in the wholesale-based, retail and warehouse-type three types.2.2 Japan's modern logistics developmentOn logistics and distribution of wood with the following features: well-developed distribution channels, frequent, low-volume stock, logistics and distribution reflects the common and set the trend sticks, logistics and distribution cooperative, the Government planning in the development of modern logistics and distribution play an important role in the process of .2.3 European modern development of logisticsCountries in Europe, especially Germany, logistics refers to the user's orders in accordance with the requirements of positions in the logistics sub-goods distribution, the goods will be sent to the consignee with good activities. Germany's logistics industry formed of basic commodities from origin to distribution center, from the distribution center (and sometimes through more than one distribution center) arrive at the modern mode of end customers. Traveled in Germany, it can be said of the logistics and distribution in Germanyhas been formed to final demand-oriented to the modernization of transport and high-tech information network as a bridge to a reasonable R69 distribution center hub to run a complete system.2.4 the main reasons of logistics industry developing faster in developed countriesRelying on high-tech to the core economies of scale to allow flexibility based on a variety of forms.3、China's 3PL enterprises are facing a major obstacle to business3.1 The current situation of China's 3PLChina's 3PL enterprises: service radius of a small, low entry barriers. With the gradual warming heat logistics, urban logistics industry is also increasingly unitary covered by the importance and development. However, due to historical reasons in our country, the long-standing emphasis on production of a light flow, heavy flow to light the idea of the logistics, distribution of development in the not yet ripe at this stage, there is the issue more prominent in the following two aspects: the service delivery difficult to play a central role, the process of distribution of the low level of modernization.China's 3PL companies with foreign 3PL companies mainly in the gap between the three aspects: First, procurement capacity, and the other is logistics, and the third is cash flow. Aspects of logistics and distribution, foreign retailers have done very well, has a set of efficient logistics information system, which can effectively improve the inventory turnover rate, so as to enhance the return on assets and profitability. And domestic retailers in this area has just started, or have not yet started.3.2 distribution center lower the overall distribution, commercial chain failed to give full play to the advantagesFrom our point of view the existing commercial retail enterprises, in addition to some large, well-known commercial enterprises, the general commercial "chain" businesses are not set up their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics center. Although these companies have also established some of his own "chain" stores, but in factoperating goods stores do not do "unified procurement, unified distribution, unified billing," which allows some commercial retail enterprises, "chain" seems to exist in name only. The other has been established in their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics distribution center of commodities in commercial enterprises, the effectiveness of distribution centers has not been effective, which in turn affected the procurement cost of an integrated chain advantages, including outstanding manifested by the distribution center for goods distribution ratio of unity is very low. Uniform distribution logistics center can not be achieved, indicating the store's commercial enterprises "unified purchase" did not materialize, rather than a unified procurement chain has lost the core strengths.3.3 China's more enterprises are facing a major obstacle of the higher logistics costWal-Mart 8 5% of the commodities distribution through the distribution center, in which 80% is through the "zero inventory" of the more complete form of the distribution database. Wal-Mart as a result of the use of the "Cross distribution" and "auto-replenishment" of supply chain technology, so that goods turnover in the Treasury down to 2 days. And retail enterprises in China are in the 15-30 days, which reflects the retail , distribution enterprises, underdeveloped logistics system, distribution costs are too high. Rapid expansion of retail enterprises in China's size and speed in the short term if they can not form a qualitative edge is a dangerous speculation.Over the years the practice has proved that the multi-purpose logistics distribution center, intensive, low-cost supply hub, as well as the use of information technology to reorganize and upgrade the entire flow of the supply chain management is the core of large-scale retail enterprises strategy is to support the retail giant super-conventional development. The face of large-scale retail and distribution businesses of the main distribution center logistics requirements planning, focusing on how to reflect the integration of information flow in business flow, logistics, capital flow, so that the operation of retail enterprises to expand the logistics for the entire enterprise supply chain collaboration nodes and so that the whole positive and negative to minimize logistics cost of goods (including consumers, stores, logistics, distribution centers, headquarters, suppliers and partners), and atimely response to sales demand and timely replenishment. This is also a large-scale cross-regional, multi-format, chain retail enterprises have the capacity of the core competitive advantage.3.4 Lack of modern logistics management knowledge and expertise of logistics personnel.This is the third-party logistics industry in restricting the development of China's most important one of the bottlenecks. Logistics knowledge, especially in modern integrated third party logistics knowledge is far from being universal, but that its main business areas is to provide transportation and warehousing services, not know that it is new to these traditional business integration of its business fields Far too simple to become connected with transport and storage of raw materials, semi-finished products supply, production process, material flow, the whole process of product distribution services, as cover flow, solid logistics, capital flow, information flow is equal to the integrated system of systems.4 to enhance core competitiveness, the implementation of integrated management"integrated management" is the original English Integrated SupplyProcess, refers to the production enterprises, office, life of a non-core business areas of the operation and management of integration as a Overall, as a business-oriented to manage outsourcing projects, by the special "integrated management" of the suppliers to provide full-service projects. "Integrated management" is not simply puts together the management of the business, but to improve management efficiency and reduce management costs as the core, combined with advanced information technology and network management features such as one organically integrated. Compared with the general outsourcing services, integrated management has the following characteristics:(1) It is not a business, but a complete outsourcing business from the operation of themanagement integration of outsourcing;(2) Outsourcing is not a core operation, but a comprehensive business management. Responsible for the entire business as a first-class suppliers, and its main task is to use itsunique resources to conduct a comprehensive knowledge management, the operation of the specific is it managed by the secondary and tertiary suppliers to implement, so in the management of outsourcing functions based on the specific operation of the outsourcing; (3) In the case of the most important first-level suppliers, other than remuneration in the fixed service, its the only way to increase revenue for users to save costs as much as possible in order to share the proceeds of cost savings, rather than as general outsourcing as suppliers, mainly through an increase in turnover, that is, to increase spending to increase the user's own earnings. "Double bottom" principle of cooperation between the two sides can make a stable and lasting.5 The third party logistics enterprise strategic choiceSummarized the latest of several foreign logistics theory and the development of third-party logistics with the current practice of foreign, third-party logistics firm's strategic choice to have the following three:（1）Lean Logistics StrategySince the lag theory and practice of logistics, our most extensive third-party logistics company or business, it can not accurately position their logistics services. If you do not reverse this situation as soon as possible, will be third-party logistics industry in China have restricted role. Lean production theory of logistics for our third-party logistics company provides a new development ideas for these enterprises to survive in the new economy and development opportunities. Lean Logistics concept originated in lean manufacturing. It is produced from the Toyota Motor Corporation 70 years in the last century by the original "Toyota Production System", after research by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and summary, was published in 1990 published "change the world of machines), a book. Lean thinking is the use of various modern management methods and means, based on the needs of society to fully play the role of people as a fundamental and effective allocation and rational use of corporate resources to maximize economic benefits for enterprises to seek a new Management philosophy. Lean Logistics Lean Thinking is the application inlogistics management, logistics development must reflect. The so-called Lean Logistics means: the process by eliminating the production and supply of non-value added waste in order to reduce stocking time, improve customer satisfaction. The aim of Lean Logistics according to customer needs, providing customers with logistics services, while pursuing the provision of logistics services in the process to minimize waste and delay, the process of increasing value added logistics services. Lean logistics system is characterized by its high-quality, low cost, continuous improvement, driven by customer demand oriented logistics system. It requires establishing the customer first thought, on time, accurate and fast delivery of goods and information.In short, Lean Logistics, as a new management ideas, bound to have a third-party logistics enterprises in China have far-reaching impact, it will change the appearance of the extensive third party logistics management concept, the formation of third party logistics Core competitiveness.the establishment of small and medium third party logistics value chain allianceThird-party logistics enterprises of small and medium can not be independent because of their one-stop logistics services to provide full shortcomings, and because the small size of assets, services, not wide area so that small and medium enterprises in China's logistics third party logistics industry at a disadvantage. Therefore, third party logistics for small and medium enterprises, starting from their own resources to construct their own core competence is the key. As small and medium enterprise features of a single third-party logistics and incomplete, so based on their respective core competencies based on the structure of the logistics business enterprise cooperation is an effective capacity to make up for deficiencies, constitutes a feasible way of competitive advantage of logistics. Value chain is the use of systems approach to investigate the interaction between business and the analysis of all activities and their access to the resources of competitive advantage. Value of the business activities fall into two categories: basic activities and support activities. Basic activities are involved in product creation and sale of the material transferred to the buyer and after-sales service activities. Basic activities of supporting activities is to assist therevenue by providing outsourcing, technology, human resources and a variety of functions to support each other. Theory to analyze the value chain study the value of third party logistics chain composition, can be found in auxiliary activities, third party logistics enterprise and general business is no different, the basic activities in the third-party logistics companies has its own characteristics. Third-party logistics enterprises there is generally no commodity production process, only the re-circulation process, does not account for major components of a wide range of third-party logistics companies and thus become the basic operating activities of storage, transport, packaging, distribution, customer service and marketing, etc. link. Various aspects of the basic work activities, due to their own limited resources and capacity, can not have every aspect of an advantage in that value chain in terms of some of the deficiencies, resulting in their overall logistics function not complete, lack of corresponding competitiveness and comparative advantage in some sectors of the value chain due to lack of overall effect should not play. Therefore, third party logistics industry, small and medium sized logistics enterprises within the Union, should be based on the value chain between complementary on the basis of cooperation, make full use of professional logistics companies and logistics functions of specialized logistics organization and coordination of agents Flexible complementary integrated logistics capabilities. Third-party logistics for small and medium enterprises, value chain should start with the advantage of links to explore and develop the core competitiveness of enterprises, through the reconstruction of the value chain to avoid weaknesses.（2）Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization of strategyRapid development in IT and the Internet era, companies can not fight alone singles, but must be in the competition and collaboration, in cooperation and development. Thus, under modern conditions resulting from modern large-scale virtualized development of third-party logistics has a strong necessity. Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization is the logistics management resources of others who will have "all", through the network, the other part into its own logistics, with the help of others break the power of physical boundaries, extending to achieve their various Function, and thus expand their ability to enhance theirstrength. Therefore, the logistics information technology, virtualization is a means for the connection and coordination of temporary and dynamic alliance in the form of virtual logistics. Integrated logistics virtualization technology as a means of electronic communication, customer-focused, based on the opportunity to participate in members of the core competencies as a condition to an agreement for the common pursuit of goals and tasks, the different parts of the country's existing Resources to quickly mix into a no walls, beyond the space constraints, by means of electronic networks, contact the unified command of the virtual business entity, the fastest launch of high-quality, low-cost logistics service.Modern large-scale virtualization, including third-party logistics functions, organization, geographic three virtualization. Virtualization capabilities with third-party logistics enterprise IT technology will be distributed in different locations, different companies take different functions within the logistics resources (information, human, material and other resources) organized to accomplish a specific task, to achieve the optimization of social resources. Virtualization refers to the organizational structure of the logistics organization is always dynamically adjusted, not fixed, but also decentralized, flexible, self-management, flat network structure, its objectives and in accordance with changes in the environment re-combination, in a timely manner Reflect the market dynamics. Virtual is the regional third party logistics network through the Internet link the global logistics resources, removing barriers and national barriers, to production management to achieve "virtual neighbors. "1 导言物流通常被认为是将恰当的产品以最低的成本，在恰当的时间送达恰当的地点。
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附件1: 外文资料翻译译文物流横向合作的机遇和障碍Frans Cruijssen, Martine Cools, Wout Dullaert1 绪论全球市场的激烈竞争，产品生命周期的缩短以及顾客期望较高的服务已迫使托运人和物流服务提供商投资来建立彼此之间密切的互惠互利关系。
例如纵向的合作，包括了供应商，生产商，配送商，顾客和物流服务提供商，该理论被广泛的学术研究所支持。
Gibson et al. (2002)指出该研究主要在于鉴别潜在的机遇（例如Gentry, 1993），关键成功因素法（例如Tate, 1996）和合伙人选择的标准。
最普遍和最好的研究是关于托运人雇佣第三方物流服务提供商来完成他们的物料管理和产品配送业务的全部或部分业务的研究(Simchi-Levi et al., 1999)。
Tyan et al. (2003)阐述了被第三方物流服务提供商整合的供应链的优势，这种经济规模能够让他们获得单个托运人所不能获得的大规模的设施。
Leahy et al. (1995)评定了托运人和第三方物流服务提供商之间纵向合作成功的决定性因素。
横向合作被European Union (2001)定义为市场上具有相同水平的公司在运作时的协调惯例。
物流中的横向合作所获得的推动主要是在西欧。
在比利时和荷兰，《欧洲物流中心的引力》一书中，作者在书中指出欧洲有30家正式的物流合伙企业。
通过紧密的合作，物流服务提供商的合伙人可以提高生产力，例如通过优化运输路线，减少空运里程和降低非核心作业的成本来增加物流网络的竞争力。
横向合作方面的物流文献还比较地不成熟，虽然海洋运输(see e.g. Shepperd and Seidman, 2001)和空运行业(Fan et al., 2001; Oum et al., 2002)方面的横向合作的文献比较普遍并且研究也非常的成熟，但是在物流横向合作方面的文献却非常地匮乏。
这个问题只被Bahrami (2003), Cruijssen and Salomon (2004), Erdmann(1999), and V os et al. (2003)研究过，他们研究的重点在于通过仿真研究来确定合作能够带来潜在的节约成本和列举了一些成功的案例。
本文阐述了物流横向合作中潜在机遇以及在实践中运作中和维护物流合伙关系的主要障碍，并对此进行了第一次大规模的实验性研究。
2 研究综述虽然关于物流横向合作方面的文献比较匮乏，但是在自营公司之间的合作，比如战略联盟和共同经营，这些经验已经被收集到管理类文献作为标准了。
该文献构成了物流横向合作的机遇和障碍的一系列研究的基础。
这项研究的发展是基于物流服务提供商大量操作员的认识和见解。
这份调查中有很多物流服务提供商的总经理阐述了他们对这项研究的看法。
2.1 机遇联盟形成的背后的驱动力是联盟成立后对每个合伙人纯粹的积极的影响(Parkhe, 1993)。
通过合作，合伙人之间可以产生所谓的相关收益。
Dyer and Singh (1998)定义相关收益为“在关系交流中连带地产生的超常规的利润，该利润不能通过孤立的公司而只能通过联盟中某个合伙人的特殊贡献产生。
”他们的争议主要集中在合作的公司能否通过特殊关系资产，信息共享程序，缺乏资源时的捐助和有效的管理来产生相关收益。
从一个物流文献的上下文中我们得出相关收益可以是“有形的”（例如经济规模）和“无形的”（例如学习模型）。
Bartlett and Ghoshal (2000)提出了可以让参与的公司获得经济规模利益或学习利益的三种方法，这三种方法分别是：（1）共享他们的资源和集中精力从事核心业务；（2）分享其它参与公司的特殊优势和技能；（3）通过彼此之间的贸易和资源的互补来达到共同获利和消除复制的高额成本。
Kogut (1988)根据小额交易可以减少合伙人交易的成本，增强合伙人的竞争力和市场的主导权，能够满足合伙人对组织知识的需求和学习等这些条件，总结了合作联盟的优势。
合作的潜在优势同样被很多其他的作者提及和研究，例如Hagedoorn(1993), Hamel et al. (1989), Hennart (1988), Ohmae (1989) and Zineldin and Bredenlow (2003).这些高层次的合作机遇为那些想合作的物流服务提供商能够获得很多特殊机遇提供了理论依据。
基于这些机遇的讨论，形成了下面很多的主张，这些主张涉及到成本和生产力，服务和市场形势。
2.1.1 成本和生产力上文已经提到，横向合作可以为合伙人提供一个组织学习和向其它拥有特殊技能和优势的合伙人学习的平台(Hamel, 1991; Kogut, 1988; Westney, 1988)。
通过这种方式，他们可以完善他们自己的运作方法，这也就暗示着横向合作的物流服务提供商能够增强他们控制能力和降低供应链成本的能力(Gibson et al., 2002)。
此外，在非核心业务方面的横向合作能够提供潜在的共同采购（例如运输工具，车上电脑和燃料）的机会进而降低采购成本(Dyer and Singh, 1998)。
根据核心业务和非核心业务以及降低采购成本降低的研究可以得出下面三种观点：（1）横向合作可以提高公司核心业务的生产力，例如减少空驶，更好地使用仓储设施等等。
（2）横向合作可以降低非核心业务的成本，例如组织安全培训，共享燃料设施等等。
（3）横向合作可以降低采购成本，例如运输工具，车上电脑，燃料等等。
2.1.2 服务合作的专业化对生产力的影响是众所周知的。
最优秀的实践价值链可以通过公司间的专业化，进而到允许单独的公司集中从事一些简单的活动以及与其他公司之间的复杂的交流来表现(Alchian and Demsetz, 1972; Dyer, 1997)。
通过这中做法，横向合作不仅能够带来利益和协作效应（例如规模经济，高素质的劳动力，较高的研究水平和高科技的使用权），还能够以较低的成本带来较大的顾客附加价值的增加(Zineldin and Bredenlow, 2003)。
此外，联盟还能够使公司间相互学习彼此的技术和能力(Hamel, 1991; Kogut, 1988; Westney, 1988)，这也是另一种以较低的成本改进质量的潜在的方法。
我们综合了关于顾客服务的横向合作机遇的理论，得出了以下的两个观点：（4）物流服务提供商在拓宽他们服务的同时还能够从事专门的研究。
（5）物流服务提供商能够以较低的价格提供较高质量的服务，例如在速度方面，配送频率方面，覆盖的地理范围方面以及配送时间的可靠性方面等等。
2.1.3 市场形势纯粹的数量规模说明了，当为大的工业托运人（例如在石油化工工业）提供物流服务时，个体的单独的物流服务提供商是禁止进入这个服务链条中的。
横向合作联盟是一个非常有用的工具，它能够拓展可用的车队，服务的范围以及地理覆盖范围，同样还能够增加他们的顾客影响力(Bleeke and Ernst, 1995)。
这个机遇在观点（6）中被列了出来。
观点（7）反映了横向合作是在不确定市场状况下保护公司利益、增强公司竞争力和市场主动权的一种服务方式。
(Kogut, 1988)。
（6）横向合作能够使单独的物流服务提供商在更大的合同框架下为大的托运人提供服务。
（7）横向合作能够帮助保护公司的市场份额。
这七种关于横向合作的机遇的观点被总结在表1中。
表1 关于横向合作机遇的七种观点编码观点（1）横向合作可以提高公司核心业务的生产力，例如减少空驶，更好地使用仓储设施等等。
（2）横向合作可以降低非核心业务的成本，例如组织安全培训，共享燃料设施等等。
（3）横向合作可以降低采购成本，例如运输工具，车上电脑，燃料等等。
（4）物流服务提供商在拓宽他们的服务的同时还能够从事专门的研究。
（5）物流服务提供商能够以较低的价格提供更高质量的服务，例如在速度方面，配送频率方面，覆盖的地理范围方面以及配送时间的可靠性方面等等。
（6）横向合作能够使单独的物流服务提供商在更大的合同框架下为大的托运人提供服务。
（7）横向合作能够帮助保护公司的市场份额。
2.2 障碍文献中很少有关注这种密切合作关系的负担和不好的方面(Zineldin and Bredenlow, 2003)。
横向合作通常是作为一种不确定性的保证，而这种不确定性主要是指很难来策划一些必需的业务和估量已实现的产出。
因此拥有可信赖的关系就显得非常重要了(van der Meer-Kooistra and V osselman, 2000; Tomkins, 2001)，但是这种机遇的风险依然存在。
这种相关风险的一个典型的来源就是合伙人的机会主义的行为，也就是该合伙人不遵守该协作组织的规则(Williamson, 1985; Das and Teng, 1998)。
我们找到了横向合作中与障碍相关的四个方面的观点：合伙人的选择，利益的决定和分配，合伙人中不平等的谈判地位以及信息和通讯技术。
2.2.1 合伙人的选择分析一个潜在的合伙人的战略和组织的能力是需要与它相关的物质资产的数据，同样还需要无形资产和组织能力方面的数据(Bartlett and Ghoshal, 2000)。
寻找潜在的贸易合伙人和评价他们的适合性和可靠性，是成为中小型物流服务提供商参与横向合作的一个巨大障碍(Bleeke and Ernst, 1995; Williamson, 1985; Hennart, 1993; North, 1990)。
此外，最近的实验证据(Chalos and O’Connor, 2004)证明了合伙人的不确定性，是使该组织管理复杂性的一个主要原因。
物流服务提供商选择合伙人的两个障碍如下：（8）很难找到一个同等规模，能够跟自己在（非核心）核心业务方面合作的物流服务提供商。
（9）很难找到一个可靠的团体来协调合作，使所有的参与者都满意。
2.2.2 利益的决定和分配大部分联盟的狭窄范围阻止了他们对这种组织的自然属性，广度，以及在合伙企业改革中可能产生的风险和酬金的分配，甚至阻止了对每个合伙人的角色和任务定义的全面理解(Bartlett and Ghoshal, 2000)。
预期和非预期的成本的公平分配的重要性同样被强调在内（Gibson et al. 2002)。
观点（10）,（11）,（12）包括了关于横向合作利益的决定和分配的阻碍因素。
（10）由于横向合作的原因合伙人很难预先决定利润和运营收入。
（11）合伙人事先很难保证对分配的工作的利益公平分配。
（12）一个公平的利益分配原则对一个成功的合伙企业的所有合伙人来说都是必要的。
2.2.3 合伙人中不公平的谈判地位Gibson et al. (2002)解释了合伙人的相关议价能力是怎样发展和演化的，而这正是理解一个联盟是否有可能进行兼并的关键因素。