英语句子结构及种类
英语句式所有结构
英语句式所有结构
1. 简单句:只包含一个主语和一个谓语的句子,例如:I love you. She sings well.
2. 复合句:由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成的句子,例如:Although she is young, she is very talented.
3. 并列句:由两个或多个简单句通过连词连接而成的句子,例如:I like swimming, but
I don't like running.
4. 主从复合句:由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成,其中从句在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等成分,例如:What I want to know is when he will arrive.
5. 疑问句:用来提出问题的句子,例如:Do you like coffee? How old are you?
6. 祈使句:用来表达请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子,例如:Please come in. Don't forget to lock the door.
7. 感叹句:用来表达强烈感情的句子,例如:What a beautiful day! How delicious the food is!
以上只是一些常见的英语句式结构,实际上英语中还有很多其他的句式结构和变化形式。
学习英语语法需要不断地练习和积累,才能逐渐掌握各种句式的用法和特点。
如果你有具体的句式问题或需要进一步的解释,请随时向我提问。
英语中句子的种类
三句子的种类句子是一个独立的语言单位,表示一个完整的思想.按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句;从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句.按使用目的分:一、陈述句That boy always helps others.Tom was not at home yesterday.He is too late to catch the bus.二、疑问句一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句Are you a doctorHow often do you have an English partyWhich would you like better, tea or coffeeShe is too young to go to school, is she三、感叹句(一)What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语 ==二How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语What a beautiful girl she is == How beautiful a girl she is三 What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语What beautiful girls they are(四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语What fine weather it is(五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语How interesting the dog is(六)How+主语+谓语How time flies四、祈使句祈使句主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原型.Be quietDon’t be late从结构上分:一、简单句句子只包含一个主谓结构.如,五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:主+系+表基本句型二:主+谓基本句型三:主+谓+宾基本句型四:主+谓+间宾+直宾基本句型五主+谓+宾+宾补.二、并列句句子包含两个或多个主谓结构,通常有并列连词连结.由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句.不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系.根据并列分句之间的关系不同,并列句可以分为以下几种: 1.表示联合关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词and 和,not only ... but also... 不但……而且……等来连接,这时分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系.and一般不译出来.1. We bought her a birthday present,_____ she liked it very much.A. soB. orC. andD. but2. — Didn’t you give roses to your father on Father’s Day— Oh, not only my father,_____ my grandpa got red roses.A. orB. andC. butD. until2.表示转折关系的并列句这类并列句常用but 但是;可是,yet可是;然而,while 而等来连接,后面分句与前面分句之间有意义上的转折关系.1. — Would you like to go to the concert with me— I’d love to,_____ I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do.A. orB. butC. soD. and2. The doctors tried their best to save the patient’s life,_____ failedA. orB. soC. butD. because3.表示选择关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词or或者,either …or …要么……,要么……等连接.1. _____ Lily _____ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.A. Not only; but alsoB. Neither; norC. Both; andD. Either; or2. None of the shoes in the shops are the right size. They are _____ too big _____ too small.A. both; andB. neither; norC. either; orD. not only; but also3. “Are you going to eat here ____ take it away” asked the waiter..A. andB. soC. orD. but.4.表示因果关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词so因此;所以,for 因为等连接,后面分句与前面分句之间有因果关系.1. Mother was ill,_____ Father cooked for us instead.A. butB. orC. soD. and2. There is a lot of traffic in this city,_____ look both waysbefore crossing the streetA. soB. andC. butD. for特殊的并列句1.祈使句+and+一般将来时的句子这个句型表示“如果做到了祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果”.2.例如: Study hard,_____ you are sure to have a good resultin the exam.A. orB. andC. forD. but3. 2. 祈使句 + or + 一般将来时的句子这个句型表示“如果做不到祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果”4.例如: 1. Be quick,_____ we’ll be late for class.A. orB. soC. andD. but2. Come a little earlier next time,_____ you’ll miss thebest part of the TV play.A. andB. butC. orD. till三、复合句复合句Complex Sentence由一个主句Principal Clause和一个或一个以上的从句Subordinate Clause构成. 主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在.从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样.所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词引导. 我们至今学过的从句有:定语从句, 名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,和状语从句.1. 定语从句 He is the man who wants to see you.2. 同位语从句 She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.注意:定语和同位语从句的区别.3. 表语从句 This is what we should do4. 宾语从句注意it做形式宾语Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on treesWe think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. it做形式宾语5.主语从句注意it做形式主语What caused the accident remains unknownIt is certain that he will win the matchit做形式主语6.状语从句MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessfu l.。
英语句子的种类及基本句型
英语句子的种类及基本句型
英语句子可以分为以下几种种类:
1.陈述句:陈述事实、论点或描述性信息的句子。
例句:Tom is a teacher.(汤姆是一位教师。
)
2.疑问句:用于询问信息、请求观点或确认事的句子。
例句:Where is the nearest train station?(最近的火车站在哪里?)
3.祈使句:用于提出请求、命令或建议的句子。
例句:Please pass me the salt.(请把盐递给我。
)
4.感叹句:表达强烈感情或惊讶的句子。
例句:What a beautiful sunset!(多美的日落啊!)
基本句型主要包括以下几种:
1.主谓句型:主语+动词(谓语)
例句:She sings.(她唱歌。
)
2.主系表句型:主语+系动词+表语
例句:He is a doctor.(他是一名医生。
)
3.主谓宾句型:主语+动词+宾语
例句:They eat apples.(他们吃苹果。
4.主谓双宾句型:主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
例句:She gave me a gift.(她给了我一份礼物。
)
5.主谓补句型:主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语
例句:I find English interesting.(我觉得英语有趣。
)6. There be句型:There is/are+宾语
例句:There is a cat on the sofa.(沙发上有一只猫。
英语句子种类
句子可分为三种:
1.Simple sentence 简单句 (单一主语+单一谓语+其他成分) eg: Margie hated school.
2. Compound sentence 并列句 (and, but, or 等并列连词连接的两 个各有主谓的简单句) eg: Jerry likes reading and she has read lots of books.
3
I can’t swim. Li Ping is sitting under the tree. 我不会游泳。 李平正坐在树下。 The children are playing on the playground. 孩子们在操场上玩。 The plane disappeared in the sky. Great 飞机消失在天空中。 place in our changes have taken 近几年,我国发生了很大的变化。 country recently. 马丽没回答。 Mary didn’t answer. 那儿发生了什么事? What happened there? 她一言不发就走了。 She left without saying a word.
常见的系动词有 be,become,get,grow,look,turn,feel, taste,smell,seem,remain,sound,ke ep,fall,appear,go,etc. 2. S + Vt + O 主语+及物动词+宾语
3. S + Vi 主语+不及物动词 4. S + Vt + D.O 主语+及物动词+双宾语 give, show, tell, lend, write, pass, hand, send, bring, return, sing, make, do, buy,etc. 双宾:1) 间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物) 2)直接宾语+for/to+间接宾语
英语语法-句子的种类(史上最详细)
(4) 现在完成时和过去完成时的一般疑问句。 将助动词 have/has /had提至句首。 You have known her since your childhood? Have you known her since your childhood? 你从童年时就认识她吗? Yes I have /No I haven’t He had learned English before he came here? Had he learned English before he came here? 他来这之前就学过英语吗? Yes he had / No he hadn’t.
2.感叹句的种类
感叹句一般用what 或how开头,其具体用法如下:
(1) what引导的感叹句 (中心词是名词)
①What +a/an+ 形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!
What a cold day (it is) !
多么冷的一天啊!
What a clever boy (he is)! 多么聪明的男孩!
句子的种类
英语的句子按照用途可分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使 句和感叹句。
(一)陈述句
用来陈述一件事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫作陈述句, 句末用句号表示句子的陈述结束。陈述句分为肯定句和否 定句。 I like apples. 我喜欢苹果。 Tom is not good at English. 汤姆英语学得不好。
(2) 情态动词的一般疑问句。 陈述句中有情态动词,直接将情态动词提至主语前。 You can bring me some bread. Can you bring me some bread? Yes I can / No I can’t I must do it now. Must I do it now? Yes you must / No you need not.
英语句子结构详细讲解
英语句子结构详细讲解一.句子成分分析1.主语(subject)句子的主体,全句述说的对象。
一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,从句担任,常置于句首。
(名词)(主格代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(主语从句)2. 谓语(predicate)对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语(1).简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成at 6 o?clock.(动词)(动词短语)(2).复合谓语①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成(情态动词+动词原形)She (助动词do+动词原形)(助动词has+动词原形)补充:协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。
被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
最常用的助动词有:be, do, have, shall, will, should, would. 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)②由系动词加表语构成(即主系表结构)(状态系动词be+表语)(表象系动词look+表语)补充:系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词。
有些不具词义;有些具有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
1.状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。
)2.持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, stay, lie, remain, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
高考英语语法句子类型及句子成分基础知识点
高考英语语法基础---句子种类分类一.句子种类(按照用途分类)1.陈述句2.祈使句3.感叹句4.疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句。
)具体知识:1.陈述句陈述句(Declarative Sentence)是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。
它包括肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。
陈述句在书写时句末用句号,在朗读时用降调。
陈述句的五种基本句型:(1) 主语+连系动词+表语(2) 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(3) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(4) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(5) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honesty.2. 祈使句祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。
因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。
祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。
在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地!Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.3. 感叹句感叹句的基本构成形式1).What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!2).How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!3).How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!You can't imagine how crucial a role the pigeons played in the battlefields.你无法想象在过去的战场山鸽子发挥了多么重要的作用。
高中英语句子成分和句子种类
高中英语句子成分和句子种类
在高中英语中,句子的成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
以下是常见句子种类和其成分的示例:
1.简单句:只包含一个主语和一个谓语。
- 主语 + 谓语:She runs every morning.(主语为She,谓语为runs)
2.并列句:由两个或多个简单句通过连词连接而成。
- 简单句 + 连词 + 简单句:She studies hard, but she still gets low grades.(第一个简单句的主语为She,谓语为studies,第二
个简单句的主语为she,谓语为gets)
3.复合句:包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。
- 主句 + 从句:I will go to the park if it doesn't rain.(主
句的主语为I,谓语为will go;从句的主语为it,谓语为doesn't rain)
4.疑问句:用于提问,通常以动词开头。
- 动词 + 主语 + 其他成分:Do you like ice cream?(动词为Do,主语为you)
5.祈使句:用于发出命令、请求、建议等,通常省略了主语。
- 谓语 + 其他成分:Close the door, please.(谓语为Close)
6.感叹句:表示强烈的情感或感叹,通常以感叹词开头。
- 感叹词 + 主句:What a beautiful sunset!(感叹词为What)
这些只是常见的句子种类和示例,实际上还有其他不同类型的句子,具体的情况需要根据语境和句子的用途来判断。
英语句子种类与类型
2、疑问句 (Interrogative sentence)
I
有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、
反义疑问句。
、 句
1)一般疑问句 (General Questions)
子 种
以情态动词,助动词或系动词Be开头的疑问句。 类
用来询问一件事,答案通常是yes或 no,注意语序。
句 子
7、目的(so that,in order that,in case) ;
类 型
8、条件(if,unless) ;
9、让步(though,although,even if,even though,in spite of the fact that ,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,
However,no matter how,whether) 。
3、复合句
并列复合句 即并列连词连接了带
从句的并列句。
二
、
English is widely used in the world, but China 句
has the largest number of people who speak 子
The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.
2、并列句 包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓
结构,分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,or
else,so,for,while,when;both…and,either
…or,neither…nor,not only…,but also,as
用来表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等。说话的对象 是第二人称时,you经常被省略。句末用句号或者叹号。
英语语法句子种类与类型
英语语法句子种类与类型
英语语法中的句子种类主要有以下几种:
1. 陈述句(declarative sentence):用于陈述一个事实、观点、
情况等,以陈述句调子末尾的句点表示。
例:She is studying English.
2. 疑问句(interrogative sentence):用于提出问题,以问号结尾。
例:Is she studying English?
3. 命令句(imperative sentence):用于表达命令或请求,常以动
词原形开头。
例:Please study for your test.
4. 感叹句(exclamatory sentence):用于表达强烈的感情或感叹,以感叹号结尾。
例:What a beautiful sunset!
此外,还有一些特殊类型的句子,如:
1. 条件句(conditional sentence):用于表达假设、条件等情况,包括主从句结构。
例:If it rains, we will stay at home.
例:I like to read books, and my brother likes to watch movies.
3. 从句(subordinate clause):作为主句的一部分,常用连接词引导,包括定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句等。
例:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.。
英语句子结构及种类
英语句子结构及种类-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1英语句子的两种分法按句子的用途可以分为四种:1.陈述句(肯定、否定)He is six years old.2.疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反义)Do they like skating?How old is he?Marry can swim, can she?3.祈使句Be careful, boys.Don’t speak in class.4.感叹句How clever the boy is!按句子结构可分为3种:简单句、并列句、复合句1. 简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰,给名词加上形容词或介词短语修饰,给句子加上状语等修饰,以使整个句子更加丰富和充实,但不管如何变,都只有一个主谓结构。
He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句子中做状语,修饰worked)He is a school student in NO.1 middle school. (划线部分在句子中做定语,修饰名词student)简单句的五个基本句型:主语+不及物动词Water flows.主语+谓语动词+宾语She likes English.主语+系动词+主语补语She is happy.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语I’ll tell her the news.I’ll buy a book for you./ I’ll buy you a book主语+ 动词+宾语+宾语补语The teacher asked me to read the passage.She makes her mother angry.主语:句子说明的人或事物。
英语句子按照结构种类
按其用途可分为四类:陈述句,疑问句,祈使句和感叹句。
We don’t usually stay late.Why doesn’t he phone me?Please come here on time.What an opportunity!英语句子按照结构可以分为三类:简单句,并列句和复合句。
一、简单句定义:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子叫做简单句。
例如:Alice studied hard.Li Ming and Zhang Hua work in the same factory.Both Tony and Jim go to school at seven in the morning, have lunch there and come back at five in the afternoon简单句的7种结构1 主语+谓语Her father works in Nanjing.Spring has come.2. 主语+系表结构He is a teacher.Trees are green.She became angry at his words.The man seems kind.3.主语+谓语+宾语He found a bird in the tree.My sister enjoys the song.He forgot to post the letter.Mary denied taking the pen.4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语He gave his sister a piano.She wrote him a long letter.The worker told us a lot about his life in the past.Would you tell me where to get the ticket?5 主语+谓语+主语补足语/宾语补足语He died young.He came back sick.The dog is called Xiaohu.I found him busy.They consider Jim a good student.补语:补足主语和宾语意义的句子成分,主补常位于主语之前或谓语之后。
英语句子种类
英语句子的种类
一、陈述句 二、感叹句 三、祈使句 四、一般疑问句 五、特殊疑问句 六、选择疑问句 七、反意疑问句
陈述句
·肯定结构 1. 主语+谓语+...... I agree. 2. 主语+系动词+表语 The liquid smells terrible.
陈述句
• 否定结构 1. 主语+be动词+not+...... (be动词的否定句) I am not a student. 2. 主语+情态动词/助动词+not+.....(情态动 词或助动词的否定句) He can't speak English. 3. 主语+ do/ does/ did+ not +动词原形+...... (行为动词的否定句) They didn't say anything.
反意疑问句
• 陈述句的反意疑问句 陈述句(肯定/否定式)+疑问部分(肯定/ 否定式) It's a nice day, isn't it? • 其他反意疑问句 陈述部分为there be时,疑问部分用there There's a shop nearby, 词引导:what/ who/ whom/ whose/ which Whom do you want to see? • 疑问形容词引导: what/ which/ whose Which room faces south? • 疑问副词引导: when/ where/ why/ how When did the get married?
感叹句
• what引导的感叹句 1. What+(a/an)+(形容词)+名词+陈述句 (主语+谓语)! What a beautiful city it is! 2. What+(形容词)+可数n./不可数n.+陈述 句(主语+谓语)! What fine weather it is!
英语语法句子成分与句子种类
5.同位语
对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与前面名词在语法 上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。同位语常常置于被说 明的词之后。可以作同位语的有名词、代词、数词和从句等。
➢They each can get a chance to travel by air. 他们每个人都有机会坐飞机旅行。(代词作同位语)
副词分类:1.时间副词 today(放句
末或句首)2.地点副词 here,there,home(常放 句末)3,方式副词(heavily/carefully,修饰 动词,顺序为vt+n./pron.+方式副词或者Vi+ 方式副词)4.程度副词 so/very(修饰形容词或
副词, so good/very well 5.,频度副词
➢To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一种好习惯。(不定式短语作主语)
➢Travelling abroad is popular in recent years. 近年来出国旅游很流行。(动名词短语作主语)
➢ It is said that she is a promising player. (That she is a
➢There is a gentleman asking to see you. 有一位先生要见你。(现在分词短语作后置定语)
➢Most of the people invited to the party are famous scientists. 被邀请参加聚会的人大多都是著名的科学家。(过去分词短语作 后置定语)
We all find him funny. We found it important to learn English. 我们都认为他很滑稽。(形容词作宾语补足语)
英语句子四个种类
英语句子四个种类一,简单句(simple sentence)简单句只由一个独立子句构成,它至少包含一个主语和一个动词。
它还可以包含宾语和修饰词。
例句:Birds fly.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.二,复合句(compound sentence)复合句由至少两个独立子句构成,中间由连接词构成,也可以由分号、冒号、破折号连接。
连接词包括:Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former.三,复杂句(complex sentence)复杂句由一个独立子句以及至少一个从属子句构成,它们之间由连词连接。
在复杂句中,从属子句往往是对独立子句起到一个解释说明的作用,告诉读者更多的信息。
它或是表现出一种因果关系,或是表现在时间或者空间上的关系。
四,复合复杂句(compound-complex sentence)复合复杂句由至少两个独立子句和至少一个从属子句构成,子句和子句之间用连接词相连。
例句:(黑体部份为两个独立子句,斜体部份为从属子句。
)Kate doesn’t like cartoons because they are loud, so she doesn’t watch them. The cat jumped onto the couch and sat down on top of the remote control just when I was reaching for it.。
专题一:句子的种类和结构(高考英语语法复习)
一.句子的种类和结构种类1.用途角度(1).陈述句:陈述一件事情,分为肯定句和否定句(2).疑问句:提出问题,分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句(what where when why which who how)、选择疑问句(or)、反义疑问句(3)、祈使句:提出命令要求请求Eg. Set down please.(4)、感叹句:表达强烈的感情1)、由"what"引导的感叹句:"what"意为"多么"用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词.这类句子的结构形式是:what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).Eg.what a clever girl she is!What an interesting story it is!What good children they are!What delicious food it is!2)、由"how"引导的感叹句:"how"意为"多么",用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分).如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是:How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语+(it is).How cold it is today!How nice the pictures are!How well she sings!3)、在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用"what"引导,也可用"how"引导.如:①What a hot day it is!How hot the day is !②What tall buildings they are!How tall the buildings are!4)、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲.2.结构句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。
英语句子成分和种类
句子成分1、主语主语通常是由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词或从句等担任。
The apple is red.这个苹果是红色的。
(名词)Nobody can help you except yourself.只有你自己才能帮助你。
(代词)Five and four makes nine.四加五等于九。
(数词)The sick and the old need our help.病人和老人需要我们的帮助。
(名词化的形容词)To become a nurse is my wish.成为一名护士是我的心愿。
(不定式)Running is good for health.跑步有益健康。
(动名词)That he forgot to tell us the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble.他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。
(从句)2、谓语谓语由动词担任,有简单谓语和复合谓语之分。
(1)简单谓语简单谓语由动词或动词词组充当。
He often reads newspapers.他经常读报纸。
The plane takes off at 8 o’clock.飞机八点起飞。
(2)复合谓语复合谓语是由“情态动词或助动词+动词”构成;“连系动词+表语”也构成复合谓语。
He can speak English very well.他英语说得很好。
Our school become more beautiful.我们的学校变得更加漂亮。
3、表语表语通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任。
Pollution from cars has become a major problem .汽车尾气成了一个主要问题。
(名词) Seventy-four? You don’t look it . 七十四岁?你看起来不像。
英语句子成分及英语句子结构讲解
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:(一)句子成分1.主语( subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担当。
The sun rises in the east(.名词)He likes dancing.(代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词 )Seeing is believing.(动名词)To see is to believe.(不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It 形式主语,主语从句是真切主语)找出以下句中的主语:Jane is good at playing the piano(.名词)词)Four plus four is eight.(数词)定式)Smoking is bad for health(.动名词)(名词化的形容词)She went out in a hurry(.代To see is to believe(.不The young should respect the old.What he has said is true. (句子)谓语( predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特色。
简单谓语 :由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语:由神情动词或助动词+动词 ;He can speak English well.She doesn ’ t seem to like dancing.找出以下句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。
):1.We love China.2.We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.3.表语(predicative): 系动词此后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特色。
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英语句子的两种分法
按句子的用途可以分为四种:
1.陈述句(肯定、否定)
He is six years old.
2.疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反义)
Do they like skating?
How old is he?
Marry can swim, can she?
3.祈使句
Be careful, boys.
Don’t speak in class.
4.感叹句
How clever the boy is!
按句子结构可分为3种:简单句、并列句、复合句
1. 简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰,给名词加上形容词或介词短语修饰,给句子加上状语等修饰,以使整个句子更加丰富和充实,但不管如何变,都只有一个主谓结构。
He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句子中做状语,修饰worked)
He is a school student in NO.1 middle school. (划线部分在句子中做定语,修饰名词student) 简单句的五个基本句型:
●主语+不及物动词
Water flows.
●主语+谓语动词+宾语
She likes English.
●主语+系动词+主语补语
She is happy.
●主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
I’ll tell her the news.
I’ll buy a book for you./ I’ll buy you a book
●主语+ 动词+宾语+宾语补语
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
She makes her mother angry.
主语:句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east.(名词)
He likes dancing.(代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)
What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree(It做形式主语,主语从句是真正的主语)
练习:自己除下列句子中的中心词。
谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English.
Where are you going to stay?
表语:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.(名词)
my watch is missing. (形容词化的分词)
Five plus five is ten. (数词)
The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
The question is whether they will come.(表语从句)
常见的系动词有:be, sound, look, feel(摸起来、感觉), smell, taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持、仍是),
The sound sounds strange.
Soon they all became interested in the subject
宾语:1)表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或介词之后。
I like China(名词)
Hoe many do you need? We need two(数词)
I enjoy working with you.(现在分词)
I hope to see you again.(不定式)
Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句)
2)介宾——介词后的名词、代词和动名词
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3)双宾语,间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)
Give the poor man some money.
Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
宾语补语:对宾语的补充
We elected him monitor.
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.
We will make them happy.
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
I’ll have my bike repaired.
Don’t keep the light burning.
Please make yourself at home.
定语:修饰或限定名词或代词的词、词组或句子
Yang Ling is a chemistry teacher.
He is our fiend
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
The man over there is my friend.
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.
The boys playing football are in class 2.
The trees planted last year are growing well now,
I have an idea to do it well
You should do everything that I do.
状语:用来修饰v.,adj. .adv. ,或句子,表示时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、结果、程度、条件、和让步。
I’ll go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study well so that he failed in the exam.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
独立成分:句子中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。
这种成分和句子的其他成分没有语法关系。
Oh! What is that!
He has, alas, failed again.
省略成分:句子中的省略成分,虽然没有说出来,却在句子中表示一定的意思。
(I wish you )Good luck.
Some gave him praises, but others (gave him) rotten eggs.
( I ) hope you like it.
连接成分:
连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或分句,这种词叫——并列连词。
另一种连接成分是用来连接两个句子,且一个句子从属于另一个句子(即从句)连词。
这类连词叫——从属连词。
一个完整的句子必须包含2个以上的句子成分,此外如果意思上有需要,还可包含一个或更多其它的句子成分。
并列句:由两个或以上的简单句连接而成,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。
句型:简单句+并列连词+简单句
并列句的分类:
●表示连接两个同等概念的连词有and,not only…but also, neither…nor,then
●表示选择常用的连词有or, either…or... ,otherwise
●表示转折but,yet,while,
●表示因果so,for
August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so everyday I work from drawn till dark.
复合句:含有两个或以上主谓结构的句子,其中一个句子是主句,另一个句子是从句。
句型:主句+连词+从句;从句+连词+主句
The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
从句分类:形容词性从句(主、宾、表、同位),名词性从句(定从),副词性从句(状从)。