研究生英语精读

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如何精读考研英语阅读

如何精读考研英语阅读精读考研英语阅读是提高英语水平和应试能力的重要环节。

以下是一些有效的方法和步骤，可以帮助你更好地理解和掌握考研英语阅读材料。

首先，要选择合适的阅读材料。

考研英语阅读通常涉及多种题材，包括社会、文化、科技、经济等。

因此，选择包含这些主题的文章进行精读，可以提高你对不同类型文章的理解和分析能力。

其次，要培养良好的阅读习惯。

在阅读过程中，要集中注意力，避免分心。

可以先快速浏览文章，了解文章的大致内容和结构，然后再逐段细读，深入理解每个段落的主旨和细节。

在精读过程中，要注重词汇的积累。

遇到生词时，不要急于查字典，而是尝试通过上下文来猜测词义。

这样可以提高你的词汇推断能力和阅读速度。

在阅读结束后，再查阅生词，加深记忆。

此外，要关注文章的逻辑结构。

考研英语阅读文章通常有清晰的论点和论据。

在阅读时，要留意作者如何组织文章，如何通过例证、对比、因果等逻辑关系来支持自己的观点。

理解文章的逻辑结构，有助于提高你的阅读理解能力和批判性思维。

同时，要练习总结和归纳。

每读完一篇文章，尝试用自己的话来总结文章的主要内容和作者的观点。

这样可以加深对文章的理解，也有助于提高你的表达能力。

最后，要进行定期的复习。

精读不是一次性的活动，而是一个持续的过程。

定期回顾和复习读过的文章，可以帮助你巩固记忆，提高长期记忆能力。

通过以上方法，你可以更有效地进行考研英语阅读的精读，提高你的英语水平和应试能力。

记住，精读是一个需要耐心和毅力的过程，但只要你持之以恒，就一定能够取得显著的进步。

考研英语精读的方法与技巧

考研英语精读的方法与技巧1.阅读速度调整：精读时，不能盲目追求阅读速度，要适当提高阅读速度，但又不能超过自己的阅读理解能力。

可以通过不断练习来提高阅读速度，但要确保在不影响理解的情况下。

2.主题句把握：在阅读文章时，要先抓住主题句，主题句通常出现在开头或者结尾，或者是段落中的第一句话。

了解主题句有助于理解整篇文章的中心思想。

3.关键词标记：阅读时，将重要的关键词标记出来，可以用下划线、圈圈等方式进行标注。

这样做有助于快速回忆文章内容，也方便后续做题时快速定位。

4.理解段落结构：文章通常由多个段落组成，每个段落包含一个中心思想。

了解段落结构，可以从宏观上掌握文章的发展和构思。

为了更好地理解段落结构，可以在读完一段后，简要概括它的内容。

5.掌握词汇的句法功能：在阅读理解中，了解词汇的句法功能对理解句子的意思至关重要。

熟悉常见的词汇用法和搭配，能更准确地理解句子的含义。

6.利用上下文推测词义：阅读过程中，会遇到一些生词或不认识的词汇。

此时可以通过上下文的线索去推测词义，尤其是判断其正面还是否定的含义，或者判断其具体指代的对象。

7.注意细节和逻辑关系：考研英语精读中的阅读理解题目通常需要考生对文章的细节和逻辑关系有较好的理解。

所以在阅读过程中，要时刻关注文章的细节，同时注意段落之间的逻辑连接和转折关系。

8.增加阅读量：阅读量的多少直接关系到阅读理解的能力。

可以通过坚持每天阅读英文材料，增加阅读量，并逐渐提高自己的阅读能力。

9.做题巩固：阅读理解的练习是提高考研英语精读能力的重要手段。

在做题过程中，可以通过分析解题思路和答案选项，逐步加深对文章内容的理解。

10.模拟考试训练：最后阶段，可以进行一些模拟考试的练习，模拟考试能够帮助考生熟悉考试的节奏和氛围，同时检验自己的考试成果。

总之，考研英语精读需要考生具备良好的阅读理解能力和英语基础，并且需要通过大量的练习来提高自己的阅读能力和解题技巧。

同时，需要注重平时的积累和阅读习惯的养成，不断增加自己的阅读量，才能在考研英语精读中取得好成绩。

研究生英语精读教程

研究生英语精读教程
研究生英语精读教程是为研究生学生开设的一门针对英语阅读的课程。

通过此课程的学习，研究生能够提高自己的阅读理解能力，扩大自己的词汇量，培养独立思考和分析问题的能力。

这门课程包括一系列的阅读材料，涉及到不同领域和不同主题的文章。

通过阅读这些材料，研究生可以了解到各种学术或专业领域的最新发展和研究成果。

同时，这些材料也可以帮助研究生提高自己的写作能力，培养批判性思维，提高自己的学术素养。

在课程中，研究生将学习如何有效地阅读一篇文章。

他们将学习如何快速浏览一篇文章，找出文章的重点和结构，提取关键信息。

然后，学生将学习如何详细阅读一篇文章，理解文章的每个段落和每个句子的意思，并分析文章的逻辑结构和观点。

此外，课程还将帮助研究生扩大自己的词汇量。

通过课程中的词汇训练和词汇拓展，学生将学习和掌握一些常见的词汇和短语。

这些词汇和短语可以帮助学生更好地理解和表达自己的观点。

此外，课程还将培养研究生的独立思考和分析问题的能力。

在课程中，学生将学习如何对一个观点进行批判性分析，并对文章中的主要观点和结论提出质疑。

通过这种方式，研究生将能够独立思考和分析问题，提出自己的观点和见解。

总之，研究生英语精读教程是为研究生提供的一门专门针对英
语阅读的课程。

通过此课程的学习，研究生能够提高自己的阅读理解能力，扩大自己的词汇量，培养独立思考和分析问题的能力。

这些能力对于研究生的学术研究和职业发展都具有重要的意义。

考研英语精读笔记(word格式,校正版,完美打印版).范文

考研英语精读笔记总结1991年第一篇：1.重要词汇点：triumph n./v. 胜利urgent a.紧急的struggle to do 努力做，试图做hold back 阻止，隐瞒tide n.潮流ingredient n.要素；配料accountability n.责任，责任心，责任感accountable a.负责的account for 解释；占据(比例) 为sth负责be liable for sthvalues n.价值观ultimate a.最终的，最大的ultimately ad.impose sth on sb 将sth强加于sb external a.外部的internal a.内部的restraint n.限制restrain vt.限制guilt n.内疚，内疚感；罪行，罪责be guilty of sth 对sth有罪embarrass vt.使尴尬embarrassment n.community n.社区；社会；界，圈子；地方the scientific community 科学界hold up 举起；支撑；阻碍proclaim v.宣称tolerate v.容忍，宽容loose a.松的，松散的loosen v.使松，使松散typical a.典型的consider A B 把A看作B A is considered B. A被看作B。

enrage vt.激怒 rage n.愤怒breakdown n.崩溃；分解radical a.根本的；激进的shift n./v.转变，转换，变动commit crimes 犯罪victim n.牺牲品victimize vt.使成为牺牲品shocking a.令人震惊的reverse v./a./n.颠倒；倒退；反转reversal n. underprivileged a.弱势的，缺乏基本权益的bring up 抚养；提出upbringing n. 抚养；提出fail to do 未能；无法moral a.道德的；品行端正的guidance n.指导，引导guide v. stable a.稳定的disadvantaged a. 弱势的，缺乏基本权益的circumstances n.环境engage in = be engaged in 从事，进行desperate a.绝望的；不顾一切的desperately ad. 绝望的；不顾一切的；及其，非常evil n./a.邪恶virtue n.美德；优点wise a. 智慧的，明智的wisdom n. prevail vi. 占上风，盛行，流行prent a. prence n. defeat n./v.击败；失败desirable a.可取的= advisable a. = preferable a. = favorable a. bear the blame for sth 为sth负责be held responsible for sth 为sth负责be responsible for sth 为sth负责self-discipline n.自律restrict v.限制mutual a.相互的；共同的stick to 坚持s restriction n.限制 restrictive a.限制的，限制性的第二篇：adolescence n.青春期adulthood n.成年，成年期adult n./a.成年；成年的as to 关于constitute vt.构成constitution n.构成；体质；宪法maturity n.成熟 mature a. primitive a.原始的frequently ad. = often 经常frequent a. relatively ad.相对的，比较的，很pattern n.模式；规律prolonged a.延长的prolong vt. 延长couple n.一对，两口子 a couple of 几个ceremony n.仪式coupled with 伴随，伴随着status n.身份，地位，状态given a.特定的frontier n.边界，边界定居区；前沿，尖端universally ad. 普遍地universal a formal a.正式的informal a.不正式的recognition n.承认，认可recognize vt. symbolic a.象征的，象征性的 symbol n. significance n. 重要性，意义 significant a. initiation n.使进入；开始，使开始initiation ceremony n.进入仪式，开始仪式；成年仪式sequence n.系列 sequent a. privilege n.特权minor a./n.较小的vote v.投票remove vt.去除 removal n. grant vt.授予fare n.票价obtain vt.获得license n.执照basically ad.基本上；基本而言basic a. liquor n.烈酒financial a.金融的；财政的；财务的finance n.金融；财政；vt.资助contract n.合同contract vt.收缩acquire vt.获得additional a.额外的，其他的majority n.大部分；主体attain vt.获得；达到provision n.提供；预防，准备；约定；规定point to 表明mark vt.标志着give place to 让位于dividing line 分界线join the army 参军exist vi.存在existence n. existent a. permission n.允许permit vt.第三篇contain v.包括，包含；遏制term A B = call A B = name A B 把A称作B composed of 由...组成composition n.组成；结构；作品occur vi.发生mineral element 矿物质dissolve v.溶解solution n.溶液woody a.木质的；木头的stem n.茎干tissue n.组织in the presence of 在...存在的情况下solid a./n.固体；紧密的minute a.微小的n.分钟opening n.开口；空缺vapor n.蒸汽trace n.极少量；踪迹quantity n.数量saturation n.饱和saturate v.饱和 3 parts in 10 parts 十分之三F = Fahrenheit 华氏温度；华氏温度计intake n.摄入；摄入量in terms of 就...而言in proportion to 与...成比例的；与...相比的concentration n.集中；聚集synthesize vt.合成synthesis n.合成sustain v.支撑derive sth from A 从A获得sth preserve v.保存develop an idea 阐述一个观点utilize vt.利用absorb v.吸收It is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. （It is as proper to do A as to do B. 做A和做B是一样恰当的）把植物称作水构造，和把一所主要由砖构成的房子称作砖房一样，都是恰当的。

研究生英语精读教程答案

研究生英语精读教程答案【篇一：研究生英语精读教程人大版(第三版上)-答案1-4章】e你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活卡勒普-撒弗兰[ 1 ] 你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗?你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗? 当研究者们自细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈辞滥调突然问都成了科学问题。

[ 5 ] 公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化企业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。

这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出推销员的平均额10％。

[ 6 ] 他们是如何做的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。

出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。

他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。

”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气、抱怨电话线路、或者甚至怪罪别人。

他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。

当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。

[ 8 ] 无论是消极还是积极，都是一种自我实现的预言。

安德森说：如果人们感到没有希望，他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。

”[ 9 ] 据安德森看来，有无控制感是成功的试金石。

乐观主义者能够掌握自己的命运。

如果事情不顺利，他立刻做出反应，寻找解决办法，制定新的行动计划，并且主动寻求指点。

悲观者刚感到自己只能由命运摆布，行动拖拉。

既然认为毫无办法．他便不去寻求指点． [11] 乐观态度不会使不治之症痊愈，却有可能预防疚病。

在一项长期研究中，研究人员跟踪观察了一组哈佛大学毕业生的健康史。

所有这些人部是班上的好学生，并且健康状况良好。

他们之中有的是积极思考者，有的是消极思考者。

20年后，悲观者中患有中年常见病一高血压、糖尿病、心脏病一的人数要比乐观者多。

[ 13 ] 在多数人身上，乐观主义和悲观主义兼而有之，但总是更倾向于其中之一。

塞利格曼说，这是一种所谓早在“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式，来自千万次警告或鼓励，积极的或消极的话语。

研究生英语精读

New words and difficult sentences.
2. compulsion n. 强迫，被迫
• He felt a sudden compulsion to drop the bucket and run. • Many universities argued that students learned more when they were in classes out of choice rather than compulsion.
Related questions in this part.
Related questions in this part.
1. What happens in the final stage of their neurosis?
[Answer] They go crazy and cease to care about anything.
11. tax v. 使负重荷，使受压力
• impose a tax on sb. / sth. 对某人或某物征税
New words and difficult sentences.
12. excessive adj. 过多的，极端的
• Their spending on research is excessive and is slowing developments of new treatments.
4. disillusion v. 使幻想破灭
• I'd hate to be the one to disillusion him. • There is disillusion with established political parties.

考研英语精读

考研英语精读对于考研的学子来说，英语是一门至关重要的学科，而在英语的备考中，精读是一项不可或缺的重要技能。

精读，顾名思义，就是精细深入地阅读。

它不仅仅是简单地读懂文章的意思，更是要对文章的每一个细节、每一个语言点都进行深入的分析和理解。

为什么考研英语需要精读呢？首先，考研英语的阅读部分占据了相当大的分值。

通过精读，我们能够更好地理解文章的主旨大意、段落结构以及作者的观点态度，从而在答题时更加准确和迅速。

其次，精读可以帮助我们积累丰富的词汇和语法知识。

在精读的过程中，我们会遇到各种各样的生词和复杂的句子结构，通过查阅词典和语法书籍，加以分析和总结，能够有效地扩充我们的词汇量，提高语法运用能力。

再者，精读有助于培养我们的英语思维。

长期进行精读训练，能够让我们逐渐适应英语的表达方式和逻辑思维，从而在写作和翻译等方面表现得更加出色。

那么，如何进行有效的考研英语精读呢？第一步，选择合适的精读材料至关重要。

历年的考研英语真题无疑是最佳的选择。

真题具有权威性和代表性，能够让我们准确把握考研英语的难度和出题风格。

此外，一些知名的英语杂志、报纸，如《经济学人》《纽约时报》等，也是不错的补充材料。

在开始精读一篇文章之前，不要急于阅读正文。

先快速浏览文章的标题、副标题、段落首句以及问题，对文章的大致内容和主题有一个初步的了解。

接下来，就进入到逐句精读的环节。

遇到生词，不要马上查词典，先根据上下文猜测词义。

如果实在无法猜出，再查阅词典，并将生词记录下来，包括音标、释义和例句。

对于复杂的句子结构，要进行语法分析，弄清楚句子的主干和各种修饰成分。

同时，注意一些常用的短语和固定搭配，将它们也记录下来，以便日后复习。

在理解了每一句话的意思之后，要对文章进行整体的梳理。

分析文章的段落结构，总结每一段的主要内容。

思考文章的逻辑关系，比如因果关系、转折关系等是如何体现的。

还要关注作者的观点和态度，是支持还是反对，是中立还是带有一定的倾向性。

[下册]研究生英语精读教程 Six

1. regression n. backward movement; reversion退步；回归；退回 2. irrationally adv. unreasonably无理地, 荒唐地 3. glorify v. cause to appear more important than in reality使更重要；美化
1. fit n. outburst一阵；一次发作 2. eruption n. (the sudden appearance of) an unhealthy spot or area on the skin皮疹
［5］Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries. However, those who have seen people go through culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern* steps in the process.
1. norm※ n. standard of proper behavior or principle of right and wrong规范, 准则 2. cue n. signal that guides behavior; information that indicates what to do行动的方向(方针)；(应如何行动的)暗示；准则
1. orient※ v. adjust or adapt to a particular situation使适应 (环境)；定向, 采取方向

考研英语精读方法

考研英语精读方法第一个任务即是消灭生词，把文章中出现的所有不熟悉、不熟悉的生词画出来，通过查词典的方式逐一查出词义以及相关用法，总结到生词本上，以便后期复习和巩固。

这样的方式关于英语基础不好的同学会是一个很大的挑战，会花费比较长的时间，但是这是攻克考研词汇最直接也是最有效的方式。

很多同学在准备生词的时候更愿意准备一本词汇书，从A开始看，一个词抄写很多遍，可是结果是浪费了时间，消耗了精力的同学，成效也非常低。

二、难句第二个任务要基于词汇的基础上，词汇基本掌握后也并不是所有的句子都能够读懂，要求掌握一些系列的语法项目才干分析出一些长难句的句意。

在此基础上，要弄明白整个语段的意思，要从全文来看，也要思索句内和句间以及段内、段间的关系，其中包括各种逻辑关系，比如，因果、转折、递进等等。

三、答题前两个精读任务都是为第三个任务做准备，如何把题做对才是最终目的。

但是并不是意味着必须读懂文章才干做题，做好词汇和语法的学习只是打好英语基础，要最对题还必须要相关的解题技巧。

总的做题思路是快速浏览题干，从中选取关键信息，带着信息去看文章，边看边理解，找出匹配的信息，初步明确答案，关于其他错误选项也要明确错的原因。

2考研英语阅读精读方法1、养成二次阅读习惯，培养逻辑推理能力第一遍读文章时，我们应当模拟考试的紧张气氛，尽量高质快速。

对完答案后，我们有充足的时间再次阅读文章。

第二次阅读文章我们的目的不再是获取信息，而是把握文章的布局安排，分析的意图。

我们必须带着思索再次阅读文章，问问自己以下问题：如果自己写同样题目或题材的文章，会采用何种文章布局?如我们自己设想的布局与不同，那么具体不同之处在何处?这篇文章与以前读过的同体裁文章相比，有何特点?或许有人会说，这样的训练不就成了精读课了吗?如果时间同意，二次阅读成了精读，又有何不可?讲求速度的范读是应试而用，要想真正培养逻辑推理能力，提升阅读水平，还非精读不可。

2、自己学写长句，克服长难句障碍关于这部分的学习，同学们应当做的是找一本好的语法书，认认真真学习句子结构那部分。

研究生英语精读

read:
give a certain impression给予某种印象 e.g. 1.The story reads well. 这篇小说读起来很不错。 2.The poem reads like (sounds as if it is) a translation. 这首诗听起来像是翻译作品。

non-proliferation: a limit to the increase in the number of nuclear and chemical weapons that are produced. 防止核扩散 update : a news update 最新的报道 The newsletter gives an update on current activities. 内部通讯刊登了近期活动最新情况。

multifaceted :adj
Containing many different aspects, features, or qualities 多方面的；多特征的；多特性的 Here is a main point to take away from this article :Success is a multifaceted, personal concept . 总结一下本文的中心思想：成功是多方面的，是一个个人的概念。

collaborative : adj

Involving people or groups working together to produce something 合作的，协作的
Paragraph 5

oval: adj ；with a shape like a long narrow circle 椭圆形的， an oval table 椭圆形的桌子 Oval Office: 美国总统办公室

研究生英语精读教程拓展阅读翻译(Supplementary Reading)(第三版下)

研究生英语精读教程拓展阅读翻译（Supplementary Reading）（第三版下）概述《研究生英语精读教程拓展阅读翻译（Supplementary Reading）（第三版下）》是研究生英语精读教程的拓展部分。

本教程旨在帮助研究生提高英语阅读和翻译能力，扩展他们的知识面和语言运用能力。

课程设置本教程包括多个单元，每个单元涵盖一个主题，并提供相关的阅读材料和翻译练习。

每个单元的内容都经过精心挑选，具有一定的难度和挑战性，以帮助学生巩固和扩展他们的英语学习成果。

每个单元的内容由以下几个部分组成：预习在开始阅读和翻译之前，学生需要完成预习。

预习部分包括对主题的介绍、相关词汇的学习和阅读技巧的讲解。

通过预习，学生可以提前了解课文的背景和内容，有助于他们更好地理解和应用课文中的知识。

阅读阅读部分提供了相关的阅读材料，包括但不限于科技、文化、教育、社会等领域的文章。

这些文章既有经典文献，也有当代热点话题。

通过阅读这些文章，学生可以拓宽自己的知识面，学习新的表达方式和句子结构，并培养批判性思维能力。

翻译翻译部分是本教程的重点内容。

通过对阅读材料的翻译练习，学生可以提高自己的翻译能力。

翻译练习包括中译英和英译中两种形式，旨在培养学生在不同语境下的翻译技巧和思维方式。

讨论讨论部分提供了一系列问题，旨在引导学生对课文内容进行思考和讨论。

通过与同学的交流和互动，学生可以更深入地理解课文，发现不同的观点和思维方式，并提高自己的表达能力。

扩展阅读扩展阅读部分提供了相关的推荐阅读材料，供学生自主阅读和拓展。

这些材料既可以是与主题相关的经典著作，也可以是最新的研究成果。

通过扩展阅读，学生可以进一步扩大自己的阅读广度和深度。

课后练习每个单元结束时，都会提供一些课后练习，旨在巩固学生对课文的理解和应用能力。

这些练习包括选择题、填空题、翻译练习等，可以帮助学生检验自己的学习成果，并发现不足之处。

教学方法本教程采用多种教学方法和手段，旨在激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性。

博士研究生英语精读

博士研究生英语精读
博士研究生英语精读课程是一门针对博士研究生的英语课程，旨在提高学生的英语阅读、写作和翻译能力，以及培养学生的学术素养和研究能力。

该课程通常涵盖以下内容：
1. 阅读理解：通过阅读学术论文、研究报告等文献，提高学生的阅读理解能力和信息筛选能力。

2. 写作技巧：重点提高学生的学术写作能力，包括论文写作、文献综述、实验报告等。

3. 翻译技巧：通过对英文文献的翻译，提高学生的中英文互译能力。

4. 学术素养：培养学生的学术素养和研究能力，包括学术规范、研究方法、数据分析等方面的知识。

5. 专题研讨：组织专题研讨，引导学生深入探讨学科前沿和热点问题，提高学生的学术交流和表达能力。

总之，博士研究生英语精读课程是一门综合性、高水平的英语课程，对于提高学生的英语水平和学术素养具有重要意义。

研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit3

研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit3Rats and Men"Insoluble" ProblemsProfessor N. R. F. Maier of the University of Michigan performed a series of experiments several years ago in which "neurosis" is induced in rats. The rats are first trained to jump off the edge of a platform at one of two doors.If the rat jumps to the right, the door holds fast, and it bumps its nose and falls into a net; if it jumps to the left, the door opens, and the rat finds a dish of food. When the rats are well trained to this reaction, the situation is changed. The food is put behind the other door, so that in order to get their reward they now have to jump to the right instead of to the left. (Other changes, such as marking the two doors in different ways, may also be introduced by the experimenter.)If the rat fails to figure out the new system, so that each time it jumps it never knows whether it is going to get food or bump its nose, it finally gives up and refuses to jump at all. At this stage, Dr. Maier says, "Many rats prefer to starve rather than make a choice."密执安大学的N.R.F. 麦耶教授几年前做过一系列可以诱导鼠产生“神经官能症”的实验。

研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit5

The End Is Not at HandThe environmental rhetoric overblown.The planet will surviveRobert J. SamuelsonWhoever coined the phrase "save the planet" is a public relation genius. It conveys the sense of impending catastrophe and high purpose that has wrapped environmentalism in an aura of moral urgency.It also typifies environmentalism's rhetorical excesses, which, in any other context, would be seen as wild exaggeration or simple dishonesty.无论是谁杜撰了"拯救地球〞这一说法,他都是一位公共关系方面的天才.这一说法既表达了对即将来临的灭顶之灾的意识,也满怀着使环境保护论带有道义紧迫感这一大的目标.同时这种说法也表明环境保护论言过其实,这种夸大在其他任何场合都会被视为是在危言耸听或愚蠢的欺骗.Up to a point, our environmental awareness has checked a mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth.We have sensibly curbed some of growth's harmful side effects. But environmentalism increasingly resembles a holy crusade addicted to hype and ignorant of history.Every environmental ill is depicted as an onrushing calamity that—if not stopped will end life as we know it.就某种程度而言,我们的环境意识遏制了对自由经济增长所表现出的盲目热情.我们已明智地抑制了增长中所出现的一些有害的副作用,但是环境保护论却越来越像一场沉缅于狂热的宣传与对历史一无所知的圣战.每一由环境问题引发的不幸都被描绘成一场势不可挡的灾难.这场灾难如不加以制止,正像我们所知晓的那样,就会摧毁生命.Take the latest scare: the greenhouse effect. We' re presented with the horrifying specter of a world that incinerates itself.Act now, or sizzle later. Food supplies will wither. Glaciers will melt. Coastal areas will flood. In fact, the probable losses from any greenhouse warming are modest: 1 to 2 percent of our economy's output by the year 2050, estimates economist William Cline.The loss seems even smaller compared with the expected growth of the economy <a doubling> over the same period.以最近出现的恐慌——温室效应——为例.展现在我们面前的是一个自我焚毁、可怕的幽灵般的世界.即刻行动,否则世界将咝咝烧焦.食品供应即将枯竭.冰川即将溶化.沿海地区即将淹没.事实上,任何温室热效应可能造成的损失都是有限的：经济学家威廉·克莱恩估计,到2050年只占我们经济产出的1%到2%.与预想的同期经济增长<翻一番>相比,这一损失更显得微不足道.No environmental problem threatens the "planet" or rates with the danger of a nuclear war.No oil spill ever caused suffering on a par with today's civil war in Yugoslavia, which isa minor episode in human misery. World WarⅡleft more than35 million dead. Cambodia's civil war resulted in 1 million to 3 million deaths.The great scourges of humanity remain what they have always been: war, natural disaster, oppressive government, crushing poverty and hate. On any scale of tragedy, environmental distress is a featherweight.没有任何环境问题威胁这颗"星球〞,任何环境问题无法用核战争所带所来的危害来衡量.任何石油溢出造成的危害也无法同今日南斯拉夫内战——它不过是人类苦难中的一段小插曲——相比拟.第二次世界大战导致 3 500 多万人死亡.柬埔寨内战导致100至300万人死亡.人类的巨大祸患一如既往：战争、自然灾害、暴虐政府、极度的贫困与仇恨.在悲剧的任何尺度上,环境问题造成的痛苦都轻如鸿毛.This is not an argument for indifference or inaction. It is an argument for perspective and balance. You can believe <as I do> that the possibility of greenhouse warming enhances an already strong case for an energy tax.A tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports, cut the budget deficit and promote energy efficient investments that make economic sense.这并非在为漠不关心或无动于衷进行辩解,这是在为前途和平衡而进行辩论.你可以相信<像我那样>,温室热效应的可能性强化了已具说服力的征缴能源税的理由.税收会抑制通常的空气污染,限制石油进口,减少预算赤字并提高具有经济意义的能效投入.But it does not follow that anyone who disagrees with me is evil or even wrong.On the greenhouse effect, for instance, there‘s ample scientific doubt over whether warming will occur and, if so, how much. Moreover, the warming would occur over decades. People and businesses could adjust. To take one example: farmers could shift to more heat-resistant seeds.但这并非意味着同我观点相悖的人就是居心叵测,或甚至是错误的.例如,就温室效应而言,热效应是否会发生,如果发生,其程度如何,对这类问题还存在大量的科学疑问.此外,热效应的发生需几十年的时间.人与行业可以进行调整.举一例：农民可改用更为耐热的种子.Unfortunately, the impulse of many environmentalists is to vilify and simplify. Critics of environmental restrictions are portrayed as selfish and ignorant creeps.Doomsday scenarios are developed to prove the seriousness of environmental dangers. Cline‘s recent greenhouse study projected warming 250 years into the future. Guess what, it increases sharply. This is anabsurd exercise akin to predicting life in 1992 at the time of the French and Indian War <1754～1763>.遗憾的是,许多环境保护论者感情用事,搞中伤和将事情简单化.环境限制法的批评者被描绘为自私自利、愚昧无知的小人.创作出了有关世界末日的电影剧本以证实环境危险的严重性.克莱恩最近对温室效应的研究展现了热效应在今后250年间的变化.猜猜吧,结果是什么?它在急剧增长.这就类似于一种在法印战争〔1754~1763〕时期预言1992的生活的无稽之谈.The rhetorical overkill is not just innocent excess. It clouds our understanding. For starters, it minimizes the great progress that has been made, especially in industrialized countries. In the United States, air and water pollution have dropped dramatically.Since 1960, particulate emissions <soot, cinders> are down by 65 percent. Lead emissions have fallen by 97 percent since 1970. Smog has declined in most cities.大谈特谈过多的伤亡并非过分的无知,它混淆人们的视听.对工业刚起步的国家来说,它低估了特别是工业化国家已取得的巨大成就.在美国,空气与水污染已得到显著缓解.自1960年以来,微颗粒物排放量〔煤灰、煤渣〕已下降65%.自1970年以来,铅排放量已降低97%.在大多数城市中,烟雾已减少.What's also lost is the awkward necessity for choices. Your environmental benefit may be my job. Not every benefit is worth having at any cost.Economists estimate that environmental regulations depress the economy's output by 2.6 to 5 percent, or about $150 billion to $290 billion. <Note: this is larger than the estimated impact of global warming.> For that cost, we've lowered health risks and improved our surroundings. But some gains are small compared with the costs. And some costs are needlessly high because regulations are rigid.同时我们也受到损失.这就是必须进行棘手的选择.你在环保方面所得到的好处也许就是我应尽的义务.并非每种利益都值得不惜任何代价而求之.经济学家估计,环境法规使经济产出下降2.6%至5%,或 1 500亿至2 900亿美元〔注：这一数字大于全球热效应的估计影响〕.我们用这一代价的确减轻了给身体所带来的危害,并且改善了我们的环境.但是,有些却得不偿失,而且由于法规的刻板僵化而使得一些代价毫无必要地上升.Balance: The worst sin of environmental excess is its bias against economic growth. The cure for the immense problems of poor countries usually lies with economic growth. A recent report from the World Bank estimates that more than 1 billion people lack healthy water supplies and sanitary facilities.Theresult is hundreds of millions of cases of diarrhea annually and the deaths of 3 million children <2 million of which the World Bank judges avoidable>. Only by becoming wealthier can countries correct these conditions.平衡：过份夸大环境作用的最大罪过是对经济增长所执的偏见.解决贫困国家所存在的大量问题通常与经济增长息息相关.世界银行最近的一份报告估计, 10亿多人缺少健康用水和卫生设施.其结果是每年成千百万人患痢疾,并导致三百万儿童死亡〔世界银行认为,其中200万人可以免于死亡〕.国家只有变得富裕起来才能改变这些状况.Similarly, wealthier societies have both the desire and the income to clean their air and water. Advanced nations have urban-air-pollution levels only a sixth that of the poorest countries. Finally, economic growth tends to reduce high birthrates, as children survive longer and women escape traditional roles.与此同理,较富庶的国家既具有愿望也具有财政收入来静化空气和用水,发达国家的城市空气污染仅为贫穷国家的六分之一.最终,经济增长将降低高的出生率,因为儿童寿命延长了,妇女也摆脱了传统的角色.Yes, we have environmental problems. Reactors in the former Soviet Union pose safety risks. Economic growth and theenvironment can be at odds. Growth generates carbon dioxide emissions and causes more waste. But these problems are not - as environmental rhetoric implies - the main obstacles to sustained development. The biggest hurdle is inept government. Inept government fostered unsafe reactors. Inept government hampers food production in poor countries by, say, preventing farmers from earning adequate returns on their crops.的确,我们存在环境问题.前苏联的反应堆给安全造成威胁.经济增长与环境会发生矛盾.增长产生二氧化碳排放物,并且造成更多的废弃物.但是这些问题并不像环境保护论者夸夸其谈的那样,是持续发展的主要障碍.最大的障碍是无能的政府.无能的政府培育出无安全保障的反应堆.在贫穷的国家,无能的政府,比如说,通过限止农民从其作物中获得适当的利润,阻碍食品生产.By now, everyone is an environmentalist. But the label is increasingly meaningless, because not all environmental problems are equally serious and even the serious ones need to be balanced against other concerns. Environmentalism should hold the hype. It should inform us more and frighten us less.到现在为止,人人都是环境保护论者,但是这种说法越来越没有意义,因为并非一切环境问题都同样严重,甚至即使那些严重的环境问题也需要同其他利害关系来均衡考虑.环境保护论应当终止那种刺激性宣传.它应当给予我们更多一些信息,更少一些恐吓.Supplementary ReadingJAKARTA - Planet Earth was battered by floods, drought and fire in 1997, a year which ended with the world's major polluters squabbling over ways to prevent further environmental disaster.The 160 nations attending a UN conference on global warming, billed as one of the most vital ever held, finally reached a consensus on cutting greenhouse gas emissions through the next decade.The climate was dominated in the latter part of the year by El Nino, an upswelling of warmer water off the South American coast which affects global weather patterns."I think for sure the most dramatic thing has been the El Nino phenomenon that has been experienced throughout the tropics," said Jeffrey Sayer, director general of the International Centre for Forestry Research <CIFOR>,at Bogor near Jakarta.El Nino, called by Peruvian fisherman after the Christ Child because of its appearance around Christmas, is being blamed for widespread floods and drought in the tropics, and has affected other areas as well.A major manifestation of the phenomenon was drought-aggravated bush fires in Indonesia that spread a choking smog across large areas of Southeast Asia before badly delayed monsoon rains started to fall in late November.Floods swept arid Somalia in East Africa, while the rain forests of Indonesia's lrian Jaya dried out and hundreds of tribes people died from starvation and disease.Apart from El Nino, eastern and central Europe suffered the worst floods in living memory in early July, with over 100 people killed in Poland and the Czech Republic, and many thousands of families displaced through the region and eastern Germany.In the ancient Japanese capital of Kyoto, a UN gathering of 159 countries finally agreed on cutting greenhouse gas emissions after 11 days of frenetic negotiations."Perhaps this day will be in the future remembered as the Day of the Atmosphere," conference chairman Raul Estrada told the conference after a treaty text was passed by consensus on December 11.The conference agreed that developed nations should cut emission of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases blamed for global warming.The United States accepted a 7 per cent cut from 1990 levels by 2008～2112, the European Union 8 per cent and Japan 6 per cent.The conference accepted scientific evidence that heating of the Earth's surface by gases trapped in the atmosphere causes more and fiercer storms, expanding deserts, melting polar ice and raising sea levels which threaten to submerge low lying islands-and some island states, such as the Maldives in the Indian Ocean.The United States wants developing countries brought under the emission control umbrella and the treaty still faces a major hurdle in its passage in Washington through a potentially hostile Republican Congress.US Vice President Al Gore called the Kyoto agreement "a vital turning point", but echoed the EU's Environment Minister Ritt Bjerregaard that more still needed to be done."This is not good enough for the future...we would like the parties to be more ambitious," Bjerregaard said.Indonesia's Environment Minister Sarwono Kusumaatmadja said it was up to the developed countries to provide the leadership to guarantee Earth's future.The Kyoto conference would at least provide a greaterawareness of environmental problems, particularly as it took place in an El Nino year."But there is always a time lag between awareness and action, and I think that the time lag can be very long..."he said.He also condemned Western criticism of the environmental and conservation policies of developing countries, saying "market forces" were responsible for many of the problems."Basically, we are facing problems with the present contemporary civilization with its consumption and production attitude...."The market is not friendly to the environment ,and we are part of the market. It is too big a problem for us to handle ...so they want to have their cake and eat it."They want to have their market and they want to have us perform as guardians of the world's environment without them having anything to do with it."The Kyoto conference also pitted big business against campaigners for the environment-although major insurance organizations did offer support to the "greens".CIFOR's Sayer told reporters that a major development in the last two or three years was the emergence of major multinational corporations in the global timber industry."This is not necessarily a bad thing because those companies also have the resources to practice sustainable forestry if they are motivated to do so."。

研究生英语精读教程-(第三版·上)PPT课件

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研究生英语精读教程 (第三版·上)
Unit Three part 9、10
第八组
I. New word
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1. ethical adj. 道德的 a). of or relating to the philosophical study of
ethics :ethical codes; ethical theories b). conforming to accepted standards of social
Eg:
They had to mortgage their home to pay the bills. 他们不得不抵押他们的房子来还账。
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3. etiquette n. rules for formal relations or polite social behaviour among people, or in a class of society or a profession 礼节，礼仪
Than 后面省略了those problems that;斜体部分为定语从句，修饰省略的problems。
பைடு நூலகம்
迈耶博士的老鼠遇到的难题比其在自然条件下遇到的问题难得多。
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But human breakdowns are ordinarily caused by problems that human beings themselves have created : problems of religious and ethical* belief; problems of money and credit and mortgages* and trust funds and stock market fluctuations; problems of man-made custom and etiquette* and social organization and law.

研究生英语精读教程(第三版_上)第5单元英文原文及翻译和课后答案

研究生英语精读教程(第三版_上)第5单元英文原文及翻译和课后答案以下是研究生英语精读教程(第三版_上)第5单元的英文原文及翻译和课后答案的文章：Unit 5: English Text and Translation, and Answers to ExercisesI. English Text and Translation1. Text 1Text:The expression "deep water" is used to suggest that a person, an organization or a country is in serious difficulty and will probably become even more involved in trouble. Such a position is described as being in "hot water."关于“深水”的说法用来暗示一个人、一个组织或者一个国家正面临着严重的困难，并且可能变得更加麻烦。

这样的处境被描述为“陷入困境”。

Translation:2. Text 2Text:Ironically, "Into hot water" kept largely its literal sense up to the seventeenth century, meaning actual exposure to danger. Often this would have referred to being in battle.具有讽刺意味的是，在十七世纪之前，“陷入困境”在很大程度上还保持着其字面意义，意味着面临实际的危险。

通常，这可能指的是身处战场。

Translation:3. Text 3Text:The temperature increase then caused a war pageant! An admiral would sign a warrant to commence hostilities – the burning of wooden fleets being an impressive enough spectacle – by placing his official seal at the bottom of the piece of parchment.然后温度的升高引发了一个战争场面！一位军官会签署一份授权书来开始敌对行动——燃烧木舰队已经足够具有震撼力——他会在这张羊皮纸底部放上他的官方印章。

研究生英语精读UNIT7ONHUMANNATURE

The Importance of Human Nature
1. Understanding human nature is fundamental to understanding ourselves and our place in the world. It helps us comprehend why we think and behave the way we do and how we can improve ourselves.
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Exploration and Understanding of
Human Nature
The Exploration of Human Nature
The Nature of Human Nature
The nature of human nature is complex and diverse, encompassing our inherent traits, behaviors, and characteristics. It is shaped by both our genetic makeup and our environment, and is constantly evolving over time.
Methods for understanding human nature
Philosophical Analysis
Philosophical analysis uses reason and logic to explore the fundamental nature of human beings. It examines our beliefs, values, and ethical principles, seeking to understand the underlying causes and effects of our actions.

如何精读考研英语阅读理解

如何精读考研英语阅读理解阅读在考研英语试卷中占的比重是很高的，大家都知道做考研英语阅读理解时，必须要精读，那么，如何精读考研英语阅读理解?下面我为大家整理的一些方法，希望大家喜爱!1.精读的角度：①词汇。

把文章中的单词要背会、要全部熟悉掌握。

②对阅读中的长句、难句进行分析。

每篇文章中摘出5—10个长难句背诵，翻译。

③解题思路。

要对题目进行分析——解题思路的分析、错误分析。

对题目中的四个选项要做分析，正确的选项要做分析，错误的选项也要做分析。

2.对48篇真题精读：①首先，分析文章，对题目中的四个选项要做分析。

正确的选项要做分析，错误的选项也要做分析。

其次，把文章中的单词要背会，要全部熟练掌握。

长难句要摘取下来背诵、翻译。

②重点文章，有时必须要背诵全文。

③关于文章则可以多角度的读，题目也可以多角度的分析。

3.五层递进的方法精读48篇文章：①抓住文章的中心。

考研文章特重视抓住中心意思的能力。

中心思想+细节=文章。

要反复把自己以前的思路同现在的思路作对比，才可以提升自己把握中心的能力。

②抓各个自然段的大意。

争取用一两个词或词组概括整个自然段的大意，并且把意思相近的自然段合为一体，即给文章分层。

③以自然段为单位，对文章进行深入剖析。

即对单词、词组的记忆和对长句的准确分析、背诵。

④佳句摘录。

⑤换位思索层。

即考研专家为什么选这样的文章，选此文章的难度在那里，文章的谋篇结构事什么。

可以与考研专家换位思索，还可以与换位。

与换位：如果我是文章的话，在大约相同字数的条件下，要描述同一件事情，我会如何展开文章，然后同的思路做比较。

4.精读达到的基本要求：①所有的单词都背过。

②从文章中任何地方拿出一句话，都应该搞清楚，能分析出语法结构。

③从文章中摘出来任何一个指代词，就马上可以知道它的指代关系。

5.背单词：①集中力量大面积的过单词(认知)，用大纲就可以了②以真题为范本，搞清这些词在句中的深入含义。

(大纲提到：一篇文章中生词的出现率应该小于等于3%。

研究生英语精读课后练习答案

Unit 1 Western Political System课后练习答案PASSAGE APolitical Climate ChangeKEYS TO EXERCISESI. Reading Comprehension1-5: AAADB 6-10: BCDCD II. Vocabulary1-5: BACDD 6-10: ACABA11-15: CDABB 16-20: ABDAC III. Word Bank1.beavering away xness 3.chuck us out of 4.clamp down on 5.unsettled 6.proportional to 7.groveling 8.appealing 9.gritted his teeth 10.incontinence IV . Cloze1-5: ACCBB 6-10: CADCD 11-15: ABCAB V . T ranslation1.The man's long arms were not proportional to his height.2.His ill-health rendered him in ineligible for membership of such societies. 3.Their house was repossessed when they couldn't keep up their mortgage payments. 4.These young people beaver away at school. 5.The snow was blowing in her face, but she gritted her teeth and went on. 6.Over Over the the the past century, past century, the the British British British have have have lost lost lost a a a lot lot lot——their their empire, empire, empire, their their their military military military might, might, might, their their economic leadership and even their sense of superiority. But they still reckoned that they had one one of of of the the the best best best parliaments parliaments parliaments in in in the the the world. world. world. The The The constitution constitution constitution might might might be be be a a a mess, mess, mess, the the the executive executive insufficiently insufficiently checked, checked, checked, but but but compared with compared with America's America's Congress Congress Congress and and and most most most of of of the the the European European systems, Westminster seemed relatively clean. Unit 2 Environmental Protection课后练习答案Passage AGreen GrowthKEYS TO EXERCISESⅠ. Reading Comprehension1-5:DDCDA 6-10:CCBDB Ⅱ. Vocabulary1-5:CAABD6-10:DAACB11-15:BDADA16-20:CACAC Ⅲ. Word Banks1. degraded 2. accounted for 3. in conflict with 4. proliferating 5. use up 6. follow suit 7. deter from 8. square the circle 9. outfit 10. Exploit Ⅳ. Cloze1. C 2. D 3. A4. C 5. C 6. A7. C 8. A9. B 10. A11. D 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D Ⅴ. Translation 1. Nothing can undermine their fast friendship. 2. This policy will be a brake to the fast-growing industry. 3. The term “special needs” covers a wide spectrum of issues.4. Unlike the show from a disc, the show of life can never be reversed or replayed. 5. Compared with time, even the most skillful thief wouldn ’t know as much as time does about how to move by stealth. 6. 6. Lack Lack Lack of of of property property property rights rights rights can can can make make make it it it rational rational rational to to to overuse overuse overuse resources resources resources such such such as as as the the the open open open sea sea sea or or tropical forests, leading to over-exploitation and collapse. A classic co-ordination problem appears in in rented rented rented property. property. property. It It It should should should make make make sense sense sense for for for a a a landlord landlord landlord to to to insulate insulate insulate his his his house, since house, since that would reduce electricity bills for a trivial outlay. But if his tenants pay the bills, they would capture the gains, so he does not bother. Unit 3 Technology课后练习答案课后练习答案Passage ARethinking What Leads the W a y: ay: Science, or New Technology?KEYS TO EXERCISESI. Reading comprehension1. D 2. B 3. A4. A5. B 6. B 7. B 8. A9. D 10. D II. Vocabulary1. A2. A3. B 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A11. D 12. A 13.D 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.A 18. B 19. A 20. A III. W ord bank1. cautious 2. discrete 3. arrive at 4. prognostication 5. reassessment 6. inspiration 7. endow 8. automated 9. elusive 10. theoretical IV . Cloze1. A2. B 3. D. 4. D 5. B 6. A7. B 8. A9. C 10. B 1. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C V . Translation1. Happiness is an illusion for some people and elusive to others, but for families who get their recipes right, happiness is an all-pervasive emotion that follows them wherever they go and whatever they do. 2. Psychologists have also found that if you sleep after thinking about your problems there is a better chance that you arrive at a solution the next day. 3. Setbacks can help you accumulate experience, and experience can, in return, enrich your mind. 4. His talk was evocative of the bygone days. 5. In this world, what is it to setapart people who love each other? 6. What can't be denied is that technology, no matter its faults, makes life a whole lot easier. It allows us us to to to communicate communicate communicate with with more people in less time; it can make conversation simple simple——no small talk required. It can be therapeutic: robots are now used to help care for the elderly. But it can also be seductive, providing more stimulation than our natural lives. But is anyone anyone of of of those those those feelings feelings feelings on on on par par par with with with the the the kind kind kind we we we feel feel feel when when when engaged engaged engaged in in in real, real, real, face-to-face face-to-face intimacy? intimacy? Online, Online, Online, you you you can can can ignore ignore ignore others' others' others' feelings. feelings. feelings. In In In a a a text text text message, message, message, you you you can can can avoid avoid avoid eye eye contact. That doesn't spell disaster, but it does mean we might want to start thinking about the way we want to live. Unit 4 Language & Literature课后练习答案Passage ALiterature as ExperimentKEYS TO EXERCISESⅠ. Reading Comprehension1. D 2. A3. B 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A8. B 9. B 10. A II. Vocabulary1-5ACABC 6-10DBCDB 11-15BCDBC 16-20ADBCD III. W ord Bank1. A anticipated 2. H concentrate on 3. I lies with 4. C about to 5. J interpretation 6. 6. E E with with respect respect respect to to 7. 7. D D illustrate 8. 8. F F carried carried out out 9. 9. G G attempts attempts to to 10. B similar to IV . Cloze1-5BADAC 6-10ACCBD 11-15BACAD IV . Translation1. Thought experiments have a long pedigree in science. They are best best characterized characterized as hypothetical experiments which we can imagine, but which we are not able to carry out. 2. 2. Nowadays, Nowadays, Nowadays, we we we are are are familiar familiar familiar with with with the the the ways ways ways in in in which which which literature literature literature draws draws draws on on on science. science. science. W e W e can can appreciate that science is useful to literature in all sorts of ways. 3. The novel works because it’s well written and its logic, although bizarre and complicated, does obey rules that the reader is able to follow. 4. 4. There There There are are are differences differences differences between between between literature literature literature and and and science. Some science. Some of these differences differences lie lie lie with with with the the readers. 5. In the thought experiment in science, the experimenter is aiming for a clear result, even if the result is simply to show the absurdity of other people’s work. 6. Noah Webster thought that a common language would bring people together and help create a new identity. Webster's dictionary, now in its 11th edition, adopted the Americanized spellings familiar familiar today. today. today. It It It also also also documented documented documented new new new words words words that that that were were were uniquely uniquely uniquely American. American. American. An An An American American Dictionary Dictionary of of of the the the English English English Language Language Language took took took 18 18 18 years years years to complete to complete and and Webster Webster Webster learned learned learned 26 26 26 other other languages in order to research the etymology of its 70,000 entries. Unit 6 T ourism课后练习答案Passage AResponsible TourismKEYS TO EXERCISESI. Reading Comprehension1. C 2. D 3. A4. C 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. A II. Vocabulary1.A2. C 3. B 4. A5. C 6. D 7. A8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. D 17. C 18.B 19. C 20. B III. Word Bank1. point to 2. an aggregate of 3. play on 4. undertake 5. ushered towards 6. well-placed 7. Jeopardize 8. relative to 9. pull the wool over 10. run counter to IV . Cloze1.C 2. A3. B 4. C 5. A6. B 7. C 8. A9. B 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. A V . T ranslation1. I have played on her generosity, for which I feel very guilty. 2. Relative to its size, this city is sparsely populated. 3. All linguistic researches point to the fact that learning a second language at a young age leads to superior achievements. 4. Y our suggestion runs counter to what we arranged yesterday. 5. Some parents forbid their children from watching TV or reading story books, which they fear may jeopardize their school work. 6. For us, a sense of responsibility during traveling is necessary no matter in which corner of the world we are. In other words, we should be respectful and travel in a way beneficial to the local people, people, culture culture culture and and and environment environment environment of of of the the the destination. destination. destination. This This This is is is an an an important important important part part part of of of Scarecrow Scarecrow Traveling. Traveling. Meanwhile, Meanwhile, Meanwhile, we we we will will will explore explore explore new new new ways ways ways bravely. bravely. bravely. As As As an an an old old old saying saying saying goes, goes, goes, let let let the the Himalayas change you, instead of the other way around. Unit 7 Biography 课后练习答案Passage A Friedrich Engels: A Very Special Business Angel The self-effacing friend who enabled Das Kapital to be written to be written Keys to Exercises I Reading Comprehension 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A8. B 9. D 10. C II. Vocabulary 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. A III. W ord Bank 1. embark 2. grumpily 3. collaborated 4. on and off 5. play second fiddle 6. ruthless 7. tied up 8. hand in glove with 8. hand in glove with 9. big-hearted 9. big-hearted 10. hangers-on IV . Cloze 1-5 DBCCA 6-10 BDCBD 11-15 ABCCB V . Translation 1. Postmen are forced to walk faster and deliver back-breaking quantities of junk mail. 2.In history, the rise of great powers is often brutal and bloody. 3.Whenever you have an aim you must sacrifice something of freedom to attain it. 4. Government agencies, however, have found ways of making computer companies hand over those keys. 5. Y ou should learn to stop blaming others for your failures, and to take responsibility for your own destiny. 6. In May 1857 a Commission to study the whole question of the army medical service began to sit. The price was high. high. Florence Florence Florence Nightingale Nightingale Nightingale was was was doing doing doing this this this grueling grueling grueling work work work because because because it was it was vital, vital, not not not because because because she she she had had had chosen chosen chosen it. it. it. She She She had had had changed. changed. changed. Now Now Now she she she was was was more more more brilliant brilliant brilliant in in argument than ever, more efficient, more knowledgeable, more persistent and penetrating in her reasoning, scrupulously just, mathematically accurate —but she was pushing herself to the very limits of her capacity at the expense of all joy.Unit 8 Medicine课后练习答案 Passage AThe Future of MedicineKEYS TO EXERCISESI. Reading comprehension1-5CDBAD 6-10ACABA II. Vocabulary1. 1. B B 2.C 3.A4.A5.A6.D 7.A8.A9.B 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.C 19.C 20.AIII. Word bank1. heaps of 2.infectious 3. soaring demand for 4. unpick the knottiest problem 5. be best at 6. innovate 7. immune 8. eminence 9. standing 10. slash the price of IV. Cloze1-5BADCA 6-10BCACA 11-15DBADC V. Translation1. She devoted herself to her career. 2. A number of the report’s findings are worthy of note.3. The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer. 4. Her lack of religious faith separated her from the rest of her family.5. Books and articles on the subject have proliferated over the last year. 6. Of Of course, course, course, not not not all all all the the the recent recent recent improvements improvements improvements in in in American American American health health health and and and longevity longevity longevity can can can be be directly attributed to our health-care system; some are as much the result of adopting healthier habits (exercise, better diet) or of dropping unhealthy ones (smoking, too much alcohol-drinking). alcohol-drinking). Still, Still, Still, better better better medical medical medical care care care is is is the the the principal principal principal cause cause cause of of of improvements improvements improvements in in American health and life span over the past 50 years. 。

研究生英语精读二(含答案)

一、填空(10题10’unit1-3 vocabulary part A)Unit-1intervene; despise; take in; bow to; gumption; peddle; reverence; trudge; embark on; enchant; detachable; pauper1.After two years’ unemployment, he worked as a door-to-door salesman peddlingcloths and brushes and underwent an unforgettable money-making hardship.2.In the early morning the armed forces began the march but the progress was slowas they had to trudge through deep mud.3.She had the gumption to write directly to the company manager and persuade himto give her a job for she had finished all the professional training courses with straight As.4.Men, in the most cases, naturally despise those who court them, but respect thosewho do not give way to them.5.To participate in the evening party, she wore a long, loose overcoat with a(n)detachable cape with a round collar.6.The essence of humanistic spirit is to respect the value of human beings, the valueof life, and have a sense of reverence, because life is sacred.7.This paper is aimed at analyzing the inevitability and possibility for Chineseenterprises to embark on international business.8.The Commission has wide powers to intervene in the affairs of charity wherethings have gone wrong.9.The actual low standard of expropriating land and allocation and the singleness inthe model of allocation cause lots of peasants to be paupers in city.10.T he old lady was pretty good-hearted and her generosity was popular among allwho were familiar with her. She often offered to take in the poor homelessstranger.Unit-2funk; rant; dwindle; intimidate; proximity; catalyst; hierarchy; overwhelming; resourcefulness; anarchy; nurture; quirk1.Don’t worry about the problem. She is a shrewd woman full of resourcefulness,and will certainly be able to cope.2.We finally chose the house for its proximity to the school. It takes us only fiveminutes to walk to school from the house.3.The friends of the accused man intimidated the witness by bashing him in a darkalley. As a result, the witness didn’t appear in court.4.The women’s movement acted as a catalyst for change in many aspects ofwomen’s social lives.5.Judging from the relevant evidence, it seems that he should be responsible for theaccident because the evidence against him is overwhelming.6.The death of the King was followed by a year of anarchy. People were eager for apowerful leader.7.The economic recession has a fatal effect on demand. The inquiries for ourproduct have dwindled to about three fifths of the previous demand.8.After twenty years of hard work, Jerry finally worked his way up through thecorporate hierarchy to become President.9.Greg is a nice guy, but he has a few weird personality quirk, which does notsurprise me because everyone has his little oddities to a certain extent.10.Thompson was ranting about American youth again, which was his favorite topic.He could talk about the topic for an hour without stopping.Unit-3contagious; ritual; fuss; spawn; weld; surpass; languish; tacit; spur; apprehend; womb; feat1.The US economy has turned in 108 straight months of growth, surpass the recordof 106 months between February 1961 and December 1969, the report notes.2.Persons suspected of carrying a contagious disease should be detained at a port ofentry under enforced isolation to prevent disease from entering a country.3.In an international conference last year, all the representatives agreed to found anew academy which aimed to spur scientific researches in different fields.4.Japan, a previous leader, languish in 17th place in the poll of business leaderconducted by the International Institute for Management Development.5.They spend a lot of effort fussing over their cultures and the development andmaintenance of work environments that will be appealing to those they want to attract.6.Because of the efforts made by many generations of scientists in our country,some apparently impossible feats are now accomplished.7.You have to really think seriously about the introduction of new species oforganic compounds that could have acted to catalyze, if not actually spawn, more diverse kinds of life.8.In spite of the great number of denominations, scholars find that in many casesthere are no major differences in belief, and only minor ones in ritual between many of the Protestant denominations.9.It often takes trouble from outside to weld a family together and cause them toforget their quarrels.10.The Christian doctrine says that the Son of God was conceived in the womb ofMary and that Jesus is true God and true man.二、选择(10题10’ unit1-3 vocabulary part B)Unit-11.He turned and walked towards the glass doors in the lobby, feeling that faint guiltand bewilderment we experience when we by-pass some old friend or classmate who seems threadbare, or sick, or miserable in some other way.A. oldB. raggedC. proudD. ill2.I don’t know anything about art, and I haven’t met any grand people, and I don’tgo to a good tailor, and all that, I’m not what he calls from top-drawer society.A. highestB. lowestC. outstandingD. important3.When someone compliments me on something I’ve cooked, that makes me veryhappy, so I guess you’d say that I like cooking.A. congratulatesB. commentsC. praisesD. mentions4.As a manager, it’s advisable to bear in mind that if your division’s profit outlookis bleak, so may be your future with the company.A. bareB. chillyC. pleasantD. dismal5.On Christmas morning, the children were enchanted with the various presentssupposedly given by Santa Claus.A. gladdenedB. satisfiedC. fascinatedD. exposed6.There are, as the old saying goes, some people who pretend to despise the thingsthey cannot have.A. scornB. crushC. neglectD. refuse7.While watching TV to kill time at night, he draped his legs over the arm of thechair and made himself as comfortable and relaxed as he possibly could.A. coveredB. arrangedC. hungD. dwelled8.I had a theoretical reverence and homage for beauty, elegance, gallantry, andfascination so I could appreciate all the beauties around me that might be neglected by others.A. appealB. admirationC. prejudiceD. attitude9.An accident must have occurred there for the spectators ringed the intersectionspeaking in low voices.A. convergenceB. crosswayC. overlapD. scene10.The skills of the George Washington University medical team, plus his amazingdetermination and the grit and spirit of his wife, Sarah, pulled Jim through.A. loyaltyB. courageC. ambitionD. patienceUnit-21.According to research, the stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person willlearn a foreign language.A. involvementB. enjoymentC. willingnessD. earnestness2.Digital cell phones offer more security, but the downside is that they have lesspower compared with the traditional telephone.A. disadvantageB. disengagementC. misadventureD. misfortune3.When others were actively taking part in the conversation, Leo stood there still, ashe fell self-conscious about his accent.A. sensibleB. embarrassedC. rationalD. sentimental4.During the course of her lifetime, Mrs. Boone amassed more than $5 millionthrough her hard work and wise investment.A. maintainedB. affordedC. sustainedD. collected5.Donna’s having a bridal shower for Julie next week. Now she is busy preparingpresents and inviting friends.A. washingB. partyC. rainD. water6.I think Morris is too laid-back to run the company compared with the ex-CEO,who was very strict with employees.A. lazyB. irresponsibleC. relaxedD. unprofessional7.Lucy through for a minute before the solution dawned on her. Her quick responseleft a deep impression on the interviewer.A. occurred toB. conjured upC. took upD. stuck in8.For parents, many things can help their children to cultivate good habits. Forexample, reading aloud nurtures a love of books in children.A. keepsB. selectsC. accumulatesD. cultivates9.The chemistry between Hepburn and Tracy is obvious. One can easily observetheir love from the way they look at each other.A. similarityB. differenceC. attractionD. dislike10.I enjoyed the camaraderie among the team, which brought mutual trust among theteam members. To certain extent, this was the key to our success.A. amusementB. friendshipC. confidenceD. trustUnit-31.She looked wretched and lonely, despairing of the arrival of a friend who hadpromised to meet her.A. miserableB. wearyC. helplessD. disappointed2.An investigation carried out ostensibly to uncover subversive activities butactually used to harass and undermine those with differing views.A. terroristicB. treasonableC. resistantD. rebellious3.The soldier scaled the wall of the fortress by turret to attack the enemies inside,which caused a lot of casualties.A. fortB. buildingC. mansionD. houseunching “The Sims” lets players alternate between being a voyeur and a god ina game that is at once wholesome and creepy.A. happyB. holyC. healthyD. merciless5.The most important thing is that there should be more cohesion within the partyin order to win the next general election.A. coherenceB. integrityC. continuityD. comprehension6.Gingerly stepping over each sleeper, like a forest hiker over fallen tree trunks,finally I reached the hall and managed to open the door.A. nervouslyB. softlyC. cautiouslyD. tightly7.It breaks my heart to think of all the money we spent on our son’s education andall he wants to do is work in a dreary factory.A. modernB. dullC. obsoleteD. old8.The dictator decreed that his birthday should be a public holiday because heconsidered himself the God of the continent.A. declaredB. orderedC. sentencedD. ruled9.My judgment was frequently faulty and my information was useless sometimes,but my fealty to the nation could not be questioned.A. loyaltyB. affectionC. ambitionD. responsibility10.We should pay homage to the genius of Shakespeare, and to his greatcontributions in the fields of drama and sonnets.A. respectB. commitmentC. honorD. attention三、阅读理解(15题30’)四、中译英(1题10’ unit2-3练习题)Unite-2Due to hard schedule, my social life had dwindled to almost nothing. When I realized that there was no chum to meet, and let me rant, I was in funk. I resolved to acquire new friends, however, it’s a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife than it is when you’re younger. To start a new relationship may make us self-conscious. To make friends in midlife, we do not choose friends based on their popularity. Mutual interests become the perfect catalyst for bringing us together. With new friendship, I turned over a new leaf.Unite-3All families are different, and all families have their own issues, but the qualities of a good family tend to be the same: respect, responsibility, tolerance, honesty, courage, integrity, self-discipline, compassion and generosity. Respect your parents. Do this not just by giving them respect, but by listening to what they say and trying your best to make them happy. Realize that life is not always going to go smoothly. Try to face t he “ups and downs” in your family life with positive thinking and a cool mind. Try to compromise whenever and wherever it’s possible. You will have to compromise a lot in life; family is the first environment to begin learning this important skill. Be honest, but bear in mind that sometimes saying nothing can be better for a family relationship than saying everything. Try to feel free to communicate with each person in your family. There should be a “Family Time” for all the members to eat together, play to gether... No one’s family life is perfect; but you can make yours good through efforts.五、英译中(3题20’ unit2-4课文)Unite-2友谊的艺术斯蒂芬妮・多戈夫斯蒂芬妮・多戈夫1989年大学毕业后就为杂志和报纸撰稿。