海天2009考研英语-宫东风词汇讲义（3月词汇测试）
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2009年新题型(下)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2009年新题型（下）这是一篇人文科学类的文章，文章简要介绍了人类学的起源和发展，以及关于人类学的一些学术分歧，其中主要是伯恩斯和斯宾塞对人类文化起源以及传播的学说分歧。
文章内容十分规范专业，而且专业术语偏多，所以大家在理解过程中会有些困难，但是这个专业的背景知识大家都有所了解，可以很快理解文章内容。
以下是文章中的10个重点词汇，带大家一起学习一下。
1. 15reject [rɪ'dʒɛkt]vt.1.拒绝2.拒纳，退回，摈弃n.被拒货品，不合格产品【词根记忆】：re作为前缀表示“回来”，ject作为词根表示“扔”(扔回来，表示拒绝)。
【真题例句】：Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.鼓励孩子们排斥精神生活，会使他们很容易被利用和控制。
(2004年阅读Text 4)2. 7diffuse [dɪ'fjus]vt.&vi.1.扩散，(使)弥漫 2.传播，散布a.1.(文章等)冗长的，漫无边际的2.四散的，弥漫的【词根记忆】：di=dis表示离开+fus熔→熔开了→扩散【真题例句】：For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. 比如，英国人类学家格拉夫顿·艾略特和W·J·斐瑞在研究资料不足的基础上，错误地指出，农耕、制陶、冶金都源于古埃及，然后传播至全世界。
2009年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2009年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Drink coffee when you’re sleepy; it’s a good ______ and will help to keep you awake.A．incentiveB．promptC．stimulusD．appetite正确答案：C解析：本题答案是C。
C项stimulus意为“刺激物，促进因素”。
其他三项词义：incentive意为“刺激；鼓励”；prompt意为“催促，提醒”；appetite意为“食欲；胃口”。
2．Nearly 1,000 people are presumed dead as chances______of finding more survivors from the sunken Egyptian ferry.A．bubbleB．dwindleC．swayD．shiver正确答案：B解析：本题答案是B。
B项dwindle意为“减少，缩小”。
其他三项词义：bubble 意为“起泡，潺潺地流”；sway意为“摇摆，摇动”；shiver意为“打冷战，发抖”。
3．The only way he escaped from the bitter reality was to lose himself in a movie, allowing his imagination to______, viewing himself as a character in it.A．take upB．take onC．take offD．take over正确答案：D解析：本题答案是D。
2009年3月公共英语三级真题及答案
2009年3月公共英语三级真题及答案2009年3月公共英语三级真题及答案(总分85, 考试时间90分钟)Section ⅠListening Comprehension1—25(略)Section ⅡUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.The United States is a confederation of states. Each state has the(26) to make laws with regard to the state. (27) , based on public opinion, states can(28) policies regarding education, and they may(29) a state income tax; they also determine the speed(30) , housing codes, and the drinking age.In most parts of the United States, you(31) be 21 years old to buy alcohol in a liquor store, bar,(32) restaurant. In some states you may buy beer in a grocery store. If a store sells alcohol to a minor, the(33) of the store is usually(34) a large sum of money.(35) , many areas have an open-container law,(36) means that people may not drink alcohol on the street or in a car. Anyone(37) with an open container of alcohol may be arrested.(38) , with all of these laws, the(39) of alcohol is a serious(40) in the United States and Canada. Drinking on college campuses,(41) there are many underage drinkers has(42) greatly. In fact, alcohol sales have gone up(43) the legal drinking age was(44) from 18 to 21. Some people believe that if there were no legal drinking age,(45) in some other countries, North American youth would drink less.26.A privilege B advantage C right D tradition27.A As a result B For example C In other words D In this case28.A demand B disagree C discuss D determine29.A collect B issue C demand D implement30.A limit B control B control D regulation31.A can B shall B shall D must32.A and B or C also D not33.A clerk Bsalesperson Cowner D host34.A fined B charged C punished D suffered35.A In addition B In fact C In reality D In general36.A that B this C it D which37.A exposed B suspected C caughted D detected38.D detected B Anyway C Moreover D Neverthless39.A application B consumption C expenditure D usage40.A condition B crisis C question D problem41.A though B as C where D which32.A raised B increased C peaked D climaxed43.D climaxed B since C before D after44.A shifted B upgraded C uplifted D changed45.A same B for C as D inSection ⅢReading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the surprise sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects a sudden increase in crime does. Appleyard observed this by fir house in San Francisco that looked much alike and had middle-class and working-class residents. The difference was that only2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia in Appleyard?s terminology while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) had 9,000 cars a day and Franklin Street (HEA VY street) had around 16,000 cars a day.Franklin Street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia Street had in a day. Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash secondarily. That is, the cars didn?t bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated, residents seldom picked it up. The cars, Appleyard determined, reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for. Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes. Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their houses. Most families with children had already left.Conditions on Octavia Street were much different. Residents picked up trash. They sat on their front steps and chatted with neighbors. They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on Franklin.On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased. People were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives. A number of families had recently moved. And more were considering it. Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community.46.Appleyard?s study focuses on the influence of ______.A.traffic volume on the residentsB.rate of crime on the neighborhoodC.social classes on the transportationD.degree of pollution on the environment47.Appleyard discovered that increase in the volume of traffic ______.A.made people more violentB.would lead to increase in crimeC.was accompanied by increase in crimeD.had the same effect on people as increase in crime48.The author?s main purpose in the second paragraph is to ______.A.discuss the problem of handling trashB.suggest ways to cope with traffic problemsC.point out the disadvantages of heavy trafficD.propose an alternative system of transportation49.People on Gough Street ______.A.felt sorry that their block had been pulled downB.felt indifferent about people moving outC.thought their old community was goneD.thought mostly of themselves50.What can we learn about Franklin StreetA.It is not a nice neighborhood for childreB.People often throw trash out as they drive througC.People there have made friends with people on OctaviD.People there own twice as many cars as people on Gough StreeText 2Imagine, if you will, the average games player. What do you see A guy who never grew up Or a nervous18-year-old pushing buttons on his controller, lost and alone in a violent onscreen world Sorry, you lose. The average gamer is starting to look pretty much like the average person. For the first time, according to a US poll commissioned by AOL Games, roughly half of those surveyed, ages 12 to 55, are tapping away at some kind of electronic game—whether on a PC, a cell phoneor another handheld device—for an average of three hours every week.The games people play say a lot about who they are. Machines like the Xbox and PlayStation 2 are largely the territory of twenty-something men, who prefer to picture themselves as sports …stars and racing d rivers. Men 50 and older prefer military games. Teenage girls are much more likely than boys to play games on their phone, while older women make up the majority of people playing card games such as Hearts on line.Is it a good thing, all this time spent on games Or is it as harmful as television, pulling people ever further from reality The AOL survey suggests some players are in denial about the extent of their habit. One in 10 gamers find it impossible to resist games;1 in 4 admits to losing a night?s sleep to play games; and another quarter has been too absorbed to have meals.But don?t think we?re all heading into a world with everyone plugged into, if not totally controlled by, his own game. Quite the contrary: gamers appear to be more engaged with reality than other kinds of couch potatoes. According to a comprehensive survey by the Entertainment Software Association (ESA-whose members, of course, want you to think video games are healthy), gamers spend an average of 23 hours a week volunteering and goingto church, concerts, museums and other cultural events. More enthusiastic gamers who play 11 hours a week or more spend ever more time out in the cultural world (34 hours).51. The AOL survey finds that electronic games ______.A.do not present a violent onscreen worldB.no longer keep gamers from growing upC.are no longer exclusive to young peopleD.are not as popular with teenagers as before52.Who does the author say tend to identify themselves with the characters in the gameA.Teenage girlB.Older womeC.Men in their 20D.Men 50 and olde53.When asked about the extent of their habit, some players ______.A.refused to provide an answer to this questionB.denied they were affected by electronic gamesC.wondered why they were asked such a questionD.stressed their interest in playing electronic games54.It can be inferred from the text that ______.A.electronic games are less harmful than televisionB.television viewers are more realistic than gamersC.television is more popular than electronic gamesD.gamers have less self-control than TV viewers55.According to the writer, the ESA members ______.A.have sufficient knowledge of gamesB.think their games are healthy productsC.serve as the role models for game playersD.are concerned about gamers' cultural activitiesText 3The ostrich, the largest bird in the world at present, lives in the drier regions of Africa outside the actual deserts. Because of its very long, powerful legs and the floating effect of its extended wings, it is able to run at great speed over considerable distances.The female ostrich normally produces about twenty eggs every rainy season. When the female ostrich begins to lay hereggs, however, she does not begin in her own nest. Instead she goes off in search of the nests of neighboring females and lays two or three eggs in each of them. By the time she has laid eight or nine eggs, she returns and lays the rest in her own nest.Because of the size of the eggs, the female ostrich cannot lay more than one every two days, so it takes her three weeks to finish laying in her own nest. During that period, she spends a lot of time away from her nest looking for food. And while she is off her nest, other females visit it to lay their eggs amongst hers. By the time she is ready to sit on the eggs to hatch them, there could be up to thirty eggs in her nest, over half of which are not her own.The female ostrich can comfortably cover only about twenty eggs when she is sitting on the nest so before settling down she pushes the surplus ten or so eggs out of the nest. The rejected eggs, however, never include any of her own. Each female is remarkably consistent in the size and shape of the eggs she produces, so it is not difficult for her to distinguish her own from those of strangers.Of all the eggs laid by a colony of ostriches, only a very small number hatch into young birds. There are times when nests are left unprotected, for there are too few males to sit on all the nests at night. Thus there are ample opportunities for their natural enemies to raid the nests and eat the eggs. In fact, nearly 80% of the nests are destroyed. But even if a particular female?s nest suffers this fate, there is a good chance that one or two of her e ggs will be hatched in the nest of one of her neighbors.56.We learn from the text that an ostrich can go a long distance at high speed as ______.A.it is a special kind of birdB.it lives in large desert areasC.it has special wings and legsD.it is the largest bird in the world57.Normally, in every rainy season, the female ostrich produces about ______.A.12 eggs in her nestB.18 eggs in her nestC.20 eggs in her nestD.30 eggs in her nest58.The female ostrich would push some of the eggs out of her nest because ______.A.she can only hatch her own eggsB.those eggs are unlikely to be hatchedC.those eggs are to be hatched by othersD.she can only hatch a limited number of eggs59.The female ostrich identifies her own eggs by their size and ______.A.colorB.numberC.shapeD.weight60.The female ostrich lays her eggs in her neighbors' nests most probably because ______.A.her nest -is not big enoughB.she cannot protect all her eggsC.she cannot tolerate all her eggsD.her nest is not comfortable enoughPart BDirections: Read the opinions given by five scholars on challenges facing today?s single women. For questions 61 to 65,match the name of each scholar (61 to 65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.What the women I spoke with said was that they want a husband who is independent and dedicated to his career, but that he doesn?t have to make a lot of money. The emphasis was always on finding a best frien d—a soul mate—someone you could tell all your troubles to and who would be supportive. So it doesn?t seem to be the case that these women were looking for super high-achieving men.Grise LevisonI think that for women, as well as for men, the standard for someone who you?d want to spend your life with depends much more today on emotional intimacy. It takes some trial and error and a pretty long and dedicated search to identify the kind of person who is emotionally matching you and who is able to communicate and listen to trouble talk.Marry BrownIn recent decades girls have been raised to be more competitive and stronger than they were in the past. Several women I talked to mentioned that in their life they felt that their intelligence or intellectual achievement seemed to work against them in their romantic relationships with men. However, most of the women I interviewed felt that there were some men "out there" who would be attracted to smart women. The problem was finding them.Donna SmithI think, for the women I talked to, their ultimate sense of what they want in life includes family and children, but they aren?t willing to think about the fact that they therefore will probablyhave to give up some of their own individual pursuits and career goals. I think the definition of success includes both love and work, and that the challenge is how to arrange that in a particular order.Elizabeth BudyI think that people who have clone at least some of the things that are essential for a wise judgment about a partner are more likely to eventually end up in a stable marriage. It?s also true that they?re likely to marry someone who is similar to them in education and earning power, which means that those marriages are likely to have more money in them.Now match the name of each scholar (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement.Note: there are two extra statements.Statements[A] Career success is in fact not a disadvantage.[B] The ability to choose a right partner ensures a stable mar riage.[C] How to balance career with family is key to success.[D] The essential part of marriage is the union of soul.[E] Finding an emotionally intimate mate isn?t a piece of cake.[F] Career success ensures a solid marriage.[G] Social assistance i s needed for today?s single women.61.____________________62.____________________63.____________________64.____________________65.____________________Section Ⅳ WritingDirections: You should write your responses to both Part Aand Part B of this section on ANSWER SHEET 2.Part A1. Your friend Li Ming has written to invite you to go to his hometown together with him and you are willing to accept his invitation. Write a reply to Li Ming, 1. to express your appreciation and acceptance of his invitation;2. to ask about his schedule for the trip;3. to ask about what necessary preparations you need to make.You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your name at the end of your letter. Use "Wang Lin" instead. You do not need to write the address.2. Below is a picture showing rubbish left in a park. Look at the picture and write an es- say of about 120 words making reference to the following points:1. a description of the picture;2. your comment on this picture and suggested solutions to the problem.26.答案:C[解析] 本题考查名词的用法。
3月2号3500词汇测试 (1201-1300)
3月2号3500词汇测试（1201-1300）班别： [单选题] *○3○4学号 [单选题] *○01○02○03○04○05○06○07○08○09○10○11○12○13○14○15○16○17○18○19○20○21○22○23○24○25○26○27○28○29○30○31○32○33○34○35○36○37○38○39○40姓名： [填空题] *_________________________________ eaten [单选题] *答案解析：(eat的过去分词)v.吃eat(ate,eaten) [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：v.吃ecology [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.生态，生态学edge [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.边缘edition [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.（发行物的）版，版（本）editor [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.编辑educate [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：vt.教育，培养educator [单选题] *答案解析：n.教育家education [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.教育，培养effect [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.效果；作用effort [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.努力，艰难的尝试egg [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.蛋；卵eggplant [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.茄子Egypt [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.埃及Egyptian [单选题] *答案解析：a.埃及的；埃及人的；埃及语的n.埃及人eight [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：num.八eighteen [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：num.十八eighth [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：num.第八eighty [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：num.八十either [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.两方任一方的；二者之一conj.二者之一；要么……elder [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.长者；前辈elect [单选题] *答案解析：vt.（投票）选举electric [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.电的electrical [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.电的；电器的electricity [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.电；电流electronic [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.电子的elegant [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.文雅的,漂亮的,精美的elephant [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.象eleven [单选题] *答案解析：num.十一else [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：ad.别的，其他的e-mail [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：]n.电子邮件embarrass [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：v.使窘迫，尴尬embassy [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.大使馆emergency [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.紧急情况或状态emperor [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.皇帝empire [单选题] *答案解析：n.帝国employ [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：vt.雇佣empty [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.空的encourage [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：vt.鼓励encouragement [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.鼓励end [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.末尾；终点；结束v.结束，终止ending [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.结局；结尾，最后endless [单选题] *答案解析：a.无止境的；没完的enemy [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.敌人；敌军energetic [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.精力旺盛的energy [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：yn.精力，能量engine [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.发动机，引擎engineer [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.工程师；技师England [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.英格兰English [单选题] *答案解析：a.英国的，英国人的，英语的n.英语English-speaking [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.说英语的enjoy [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：vt.欣赏；享受乐趣；喜欢enjoyable [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.愉快的；有趣的enlarge [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：vt.扩大enough [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.足够；充足a.足够；充分的ad.足够地；充分地enquiry [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.询问enter [单选题] *答案解析：vt.进入enterprise [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.公司，企，事业单位entertainment [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.娱乐enthusiastic [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.热情的，热心的entire [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.整个的，全部的entrance [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.入口；入场；进入的权利;入学许可entry [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.进入envelope [单选题] *答案解析：n.信封environment [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.环境envy [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：vt.&n.忌妒；羡慕equal [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.平等的vt.等于，使等于equality [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.平等equip [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：vt.提供设备；装备；配备equipment [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.装备，设备eraser [单选题] *答案解析：n.橡皮擦；黑板擦error [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.错误；差错erupt [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：v.（火山）爆发，喷发escape [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.&vi.逃跑；逃脱especially [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：ad.特别，尤其essay [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.散文；文章；随笔Europe* [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.欧洲European [单选题] *答案解析：a.欧洲的，欧洲人的n.欧洲人evaluate [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：v.估值，评价，评估even [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：ad.甚至，连（…都）；更evening [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.傍晚，晚上event [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.事件，大事eventually [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：ad.最终地ever [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：ad.曾经；无论何时every [单选题] *答案解析：a.每一，每个的everyday [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.每日的；日常的everyone [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：pron.每人，人人everything [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：pron.每件事，事事everywhere [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：ad.到处evidence [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.证据，证明evident [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.清楚的，显而易见的evolution [单选题] *答案解析：n.进化，演变exact [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.精确的；确切的exactly [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：ad.精确地；确切地exam [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：“＝”examinationn.考试，测试；检查；审查examine [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：vt.检查；诊察example [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：n.例子；榜样excellent [单选题] *A.记得(正确答案)B.不记得答案解析：a.极好的，优秀的except [单选题] *答案解析：prep.除……之外。
2005-2009考研阅读真题核心词汇
Text 1They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily.合作Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of ―goods and services‖ than ma les. 有着同等地位的人或事When one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. 不情愿的/勉强的The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.有指导的情感Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.可能的稳定的/安定的/可靠的Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.愤怒/愤慨/义愤核心词汇nature jealous instruction companion separate train evolve remain自然/本性忌妒的说明//教学同伴/同事/陪伴分开/分居训练/练习进化/进展保持/剩余物Text 2That the evidence was inconclusive , the science uncertain?根据/证明That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?禁止吸烟There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.威胁/恐吓Science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the 供给/提供可得到的指导批评的/重要的world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.关键的/决定性的健全的/完全的/推断核心词汇decade judge investigation reveal awareness neglect applicable outcome十年法官/判断调查显示/窗框意识/了解疏忽适用于结果IgnoreOverlookNow researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat.怀疑/猜想We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.沮丧的/降低的/绝望的The link between dreams and emotions shows up a mong the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. As soon as you 联系情感awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.识别/鉴定/认同Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety.不确定/半信半疑不安全/不牢靠核心词汇reflect function mechanism negative persist essential avoid反映/反射功能/运行/起作用机械/结构否定的/消极的坚持/持续要素/必要的/本质的避免/逃避Text 4As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black 承认/公认/注意到English, can be powerfully expressive.表达的核心词汇inevitable con troversy informality entertaining efforts contempt/contemptous 不可避免的争论/争议非正式娱乐的努力轻视Text 1There is ―the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference‖同样/一致随意/无心Characteristic of popular culture.特征/特色Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,‖ these were stores ―anyone could enter,迎合/投合精华/精英regardless of class or background.不管/不顾Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly 移民几乎不poisonous.有毒的/恶意的核心词汇associate resistant influence majority popularity rewarding联系反抗的影响力大多数流行/普及有益的Text 2Stratford, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly工业/产业/勤奋separate and increasingly hostile branches.越来越多的敌对的Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.仍然/然而/不过核心词汇contribution tourism financial detached sympathetic贡献/捐献旅游业/观光金融的超然的/独立的同情的/共鸣的The large animals suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived.灭绝的存活的Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, 企图/试图估计overestimate / underestimatebut rather changes in that biomass over time.Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago.可获得的They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the ―shifting baseline.‖数据趋势/现在的核心词汇vulnerable outlive original restored efficiency application易受伤的比...活得长/经受住原始的恢复的效率应用/申请/专心Text 4A rtists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.探索情感焦点/集中You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. 争论怀疑的现代的Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy.平均数/通常的被…围绕着的宗教的商业的Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.杂志特征/以…为特色光亮的名人家族The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.可能的/潜在的失望核心词汇focus religious emerges deny mass media are inclined to disasters集中宗教的浮现否认/拒绝大众传媒倾向于灾难Text 1What might account for this strange phenomenon?说明/导致contribute to/ result in / lead to / be responsible forDeliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals,相反目标obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.集中/浓缩Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. 同事追求/追赶核心词汇stress processing genetic dominating overlook nurture压力/强调进程/步骤基因的/起源的主要的忽视养育/教育/照顾Text 2Superhigh scores are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population超高的distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and分发/分布平辈/偷窥区分的multiplying by 100.Traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge,未能创造力components also critical to problem solving and life success.合成的重要的IQ test do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.预知核心词汇concepts indicator intelligence obtain emphasize correlated概念指示智力获得强调/着重有相互关系的During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair依靠/指望play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties.转换/变形As a result, they have lost the parachuted they once had in times of financial setback– a back-up earner挫折/退步(usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.劳动力解雇This ―added-worker effect‖ could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability保险无能/残疾insurance to help families weather bad times.度过/经受住From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to透视的/看法exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale 练习/运动/运用金融的责任心令人恐惧的加速/促进批发shift of financial risk onto their already over burdened shoulders.危险负担过重核心词汇in that insurance invest guarantee pensions conflict ruins因为/由于保险投资保证退休金冲突/矛盾/斗争遗址Text 4The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of对…负责shareholders.股东暗淡的The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore–经营的CEO 资产恢复/归还/翻新and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. 可能的敏感的核心词汇fierce business competition stock market real estate激烈的商业竞争股票市场地产/不动产Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one 虽然范围/领域undesirable category.不受欢迎的种类Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s.职位/能力容忍压力Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women 接触任意身体暴力/狂热人际关系are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations.家庭的/国内的Most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.义务紧张核心词汇limited avoid barely gender限制避免几乎不性别Text 2The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. 投资分布通道/入口/接近核心词汇traditional fund profit considerably facilitates传统的基金/资金/投资利润非常的/相当大的促进/帮助In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice提高起因于越来越练习/惯例of recruiting players from all over the world.新成员/招聘At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.营养不足malnutrtion 感染If you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by 预知设备and large, ―you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.‖公正的自信的非常的核心词汇popularity generations achievements employ alter流行世代成绩雇佣改变/更改/切除Text 4More than anything, the historians say, the founders were ham pered by the culture of their time.阻止/妨碍While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part不喜欢/厌恶奴隶制of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.根底/基础核心词汇demonstrate aspect status complex savings accounts moral military political stand示范/证明方面地位/情形复杂的储蓄款账户道德军事的政治地位Text1In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word ―habit‖ c arries a negative connotation.否定的/消极的内涵The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder. A good innovational thinker is always创新/革新魔力/魅力奇迹/想exploring the many other possibilities.探索Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four能力/职位接近/方法挑战primary ways.主要的/根本的The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us 现在的重点标准的要闻/强调分析程序inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.固有的合作的Knowing what you’re good at a nd doing even more of it creates excellence.优秀核心词汇casual familiar mechanical trace guided model comply with curiosity activates随意的熟悉的机械的痕迹/追踪有指导的模式服从/遵守好奇激活Text 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom– or at智慧/学问least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.确定/批准/证实All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.需求可能的候选人He notes that each individual has many ancestors— numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.个人的前辈Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together数据库公司依靠收集有系统的团information from different research projects.工程核心词汇flexibility promotion locate reliable accuracy灵活性提升/促进建立可靠地准确性The conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid 传统的优先促进迅速的economic development in poor countries is wrong.The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on一致的the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.完成生产率结果核心词汇victim bias downgraded overestimated challenges priority labor force organize受害者偏见降低过高评价挑战优先劳动力组织Text 4In keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as知识分子原始的carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances.适应/调节事件核心词汇dominated interest rate peaceful religious puzzled frustrated受控的利率和平的宗教的困惑的沮丧的/失败的。
考研英语2009text3知乎
考研英语2009text3知乎全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Zhihu, a popular Chinese knowledge-sharing platform, has gained tremendous popularity among Chinese netizens in recent years. As a place where people can ask questions, share knowledge, and engage in discussions on a wide range of topics, Zhihu has become a valuable resource for those looking to expand their knowledge and connect with others who share similar interests.The 2009 Yikao English text 3 on Zhihu is an article that discusses the impact of the internet on traditional media. The author points out that the rise of the internet has led to a decline in the influence of traditional media outlets such as newspapers and television. With the increasing popularity of social media platforms and online news sources, people are turning to the internet for information and entertainment, causing traditional media to lose readers and viewers.One of the key reasons for this shift is the ease of access and convenience offered by the internet. With just a few clicks,people can access a wealth of information and content from the comfort of their own homes. This has made it easier for individuals to stay informed about current events and trends without having to rely on traditional media sources.Another factor contributing to the decline of traditional media is the rise of social media platforms such as WeChat and Weibo. These platforms have become increasingly popular for sharing news and information, as well as connecting with others who share similar interests. With the ability to reach a large audience quickly and easily, social media has become a powerful tool for spreading information and influencing public opinion.The author also discusses the impact of the internet on the advertising industry. With more and more companies shifting their advertising budgets to online platforms, traditional media outlets are facing stiff competition for ad revenue. This has forced many newspapers and television stations to adapt to the changing landscape by offering online versions of their content and exploring new revenue streams.Overall, the 2009 Yikao English text 3 on Zhihu highlights the transformative impact of the internet on traditional media and the way in which people consume information. As technology continues to evolve and society becomes increasingly digital, itwill be interesting to see how traditional media outlets continue to adapt and compete in the ever-changing media landscape.In conclusion, Zhihu has become an important platform for sharing knowledge and sparking discussions on a wide range of topics. The 2009 Yikao English text 3 on Zhihu serves as a reminder of the profound impact that the internet has had on traditional media and the ways in which people access information in the digital age. As we continue to embrace new technologies and platforms, it will be important for traditional media outlets to innovate and adapt in order to stay relevant in an increasingly digital world.篇2Title: Understanding Zhihu: An Overview of the 2009 Text 3 from the Postgraduate Entrance ExamIntroductionZhihu, which translates to "Do you know?" in Chinese, is a popular question-and-answer platform in China. The 2009 Text 3 from the postgraduate entrance exam focused on Zhihu, exploring the impact of this platform on society and individuals. In this article, we will delve into the key points raised in the text and provide a comprehensive overview of the topic.Summary of the TextThe text begins by highlighting Zhihu's rising popularity and influence in China. It discusses how the platform has transformed the way people seek and share knowledge, providing a space for experts and enthusiasts to connect with a wider audience. The text also delves into the social impact of Zhihu, noting how it has led to the democratization of knowledge and the blurring of traditional hierarchies in academia and the professional world.Furthermore, the text sheds light on the downsides of Zhihu, such as the prevalence of misinformation and the echo chamber effect, where users are only exposed to viewpoints that align with their own. Despite these challenges, the text acknowledges the platform's potential to foster meaningful discussions and promote intellectual growth.Key Points1. Democratization of Knowledge: Zhihu has democratized access to information, allowing individuals from diverse backgrounds to share their knowledge and expertise. This has led to a more inclusive and open-minded learning environment.2. Blurring of Traditional Hierarchies: Zhihu has challenged the traditional hierarchies in academia and the professionalworld, giving a platform to experts and enthusiasts who may not have formal credentials but possess valuable insights and experiences.3. Misinformation and Echo Chambers: The text recognizes the prevalence of misinformation on Zhihu and the risk of users being trapped in echo chambers. It emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and fact-checking in navigating the platform.4. Meaningful Discussions and Intellectual Growth: Despite its drawbacks, Zhihu has the potential to facilitate meaningful discussions and promote intellectual growth. By engaging with different perspectives and challenging one's own beliefs, users can enrich their understanding of various topics.ConclusionIn conclusion, the 2009 Text 3 from the postgraduate entrance exam offers a nuanced exploration of Zhihu and its impact on society and individuals. By shedding light on the platform's strengths and weaknesses, the text encourages readers to critically evaluate their usage of Zhihu and strive for a more informed and balanced approach to knowledge-sharing. As Zhihu continues to evolve and shape the digital landscape in China, it is essential for users to engage thoughtfully andresponsibly with the platform for the betterment of themselves and society as a whole.篇3Title: A Deep Dive into the 2009 Text 3 Passage from the Graduate Entrance ExamIn the 2009 Graduate Entrance Exam for English majors, Text 3 was a passage from the popular online platform, Zhihu (知乎), which focused on the theme of technology and its impact on society. This text not only tested the candidates' comprehension skills but also required them to critically analyze and provide their opinions on the topic. Let's delve deeper into this thought-provoking passage and explore its implications.The passage first discusses the rapid advancements in technology and how they have revolutionized various aspects of our lives. It highlights the benefits of technological innovations in enhancing communication, improving efficiency, and facilitating global connectivity. However, the text also raises important questions about the ethical and societal implications of these advancements. It questions whether technology is making us more connected or disconnected, and whether it is bridging gaps or creating new divides within society.One of the key points of discussion in the passage is the concept of the "digital divide," which refers to the gap between those who have access to and can effectively use technology and those who do not. The passage argues that this divide is not just about access to devices and the internet but also about digital literacy and information literacy. It emphasizes the importance of bridging this gap to ensure that everyone can benefit from the opportunities that technology offers.Furthermore, the passage delves into the issue of privacy and data security in the digital age. It highlights the growing concerns about surveillance, data breaches, and the misuse of personal information by tech companies. The text urges readers to be vigilant about protecting their privacy online and calls for greater transparency and accountability from tech companies in handling user data.The passage also touches on the role of technology in shaping our identities and relationships. It questions whether social media and online platforms are bringing us closer together or driving us further apart. It explores the impact of virtual interactions on real-life connections and raises concerns about the authenticity of online relationships.In conclusion, the 2009 Text 3 passage from the Graduate Entrance Exam provided a nuanced and insightful look into the impact of technology on society. It challenged readers to think critically about the implications of technological advancements and encouraged them to consider the ethical and societal issues at play. As we continue to navigate the digital landscape, it is crucial to reflect on these issues and strive towards a more inclusive, transparent, and responsible use of technology.Overall, the 2009 Text 3 passage from Zhihu served as a valuable prompt for candidates to engage in thoughtful discussions and reflect on the complexities of the digital age. It exemplified the importance of staying informed, critical thinking, and ethical reasoning in our increasingly tech-driven world.。
考研英语阅读单词2009年
attach vt. 使依附；贴上；系上；使依恋vi. 附加；附属；伴随by attach依附件；按附件And he had to attach something to dogs so that their saliva would pour out so he could study saliva.他给狗套上了一些装置,来收集狗的唾液用以研究pursuit [pə'sju:t]n. 追赶，追求；职业，工作hot pursuit追钟；热力追踪；紧追；热血追踪pursuit movement 跟随运动；跟踪运动；追随运动pursuit race自行车追逐赛；追逐赛pursuit tracking尾随追踪pursuit reaction追逐反应visual pursuit视觉追踪The pursuit of maximum profit seems destined to prevail.追逐利润最大化似乎注定将会盛行establish [i'stæbliʃ]vt. 建立；创办；安置vi. 植物定植Establish Connection建立链接establish market建立市场Establish Integrity达成完整性call establish调用建立Establish Relationship互相守望Establish Boundaries建立边界establish covenant立约establish on建立在And it really helped establish their music in the business.这确实帮助他们确立了在音乐界的地位。
Preoccupation n. 全神贯注，入神；当务之急；关注的事物；抢先占据；成见Preoccupation involvement卷入preoccupation effect先占效应preoccupation with hands专心于手preoccupation—involvement 全神贯注；聚精会神The deterioration in air quality is a huge preoccupation here.空气质量恶化是香港人们的一个大关注。
2009年考研英语阅读理解生词集(无中文词义)
2009年考研英语阅读理解生词集(无中文词义)2009 Text 1 HabitReachMind Mindless Mindlessly Set…on…BrainAuto-pilot Relax Unconscious Conscious Conscience Science Comfort Comfortable Uncomfortable Familiar Family Routine Choice Choose Rule Reflect HerdCarry Negative Implication Paradoxical Context Situation Create Creature Creative Creativity Innovate Innovative Innovation Innovational Research Researcher Discover Cover DevelopDeveloped Developing ParallelPathEntire EntirelyCellTrain Thought ThinkTrack Dismiss…as…Change Changeable Unchangeable Instead (of) Direct Director Direction Step outside Comfort zone Inherently Workplace Personal life Private Bother BrotherKill offRut Procedure Wear into Deliberate Deliberately Press Bypass Fascination Fascinate Fascinating Wonder Wander Author Writer Possible PossibilityFosterExcellenceExcellent2009 Text 2WiseCleverIntelligentTalentedWisdomBoostPaternalFatherlyAt leastAt mostConfirmShellPaternity testing kit (PTK)LocalDrugstorePurchaseBuy AvailableSingle and available PrescriptionChief Operating officerDozenCompany Range…from…KinshipAdopted children BiologicalTrack downRagePassionate GenealogistSupportGeographic root RequireAskCollectCollectionSwabSalivaPotential candidate Observe Observer SkepticalFalseTrue or false Right or Wrong PrecisionPreciseHawkClaimAncestry Ancestor Individual Consider Consideration Considerate SingleDoubleTriangleLineage Either or Neither nor Inherit Reveal Critic Critical Commerce Commercial Commence Reference Refer to Sample Example Database Rely on System Systematic Systematical Lump Region Religion Depend onProcessIn addition Estimate PatentBe subjected to PeerReview Evaluate Evaluation 2009 Text 3 Formal Informal Normal Economy Economic Economical Economist Widely Misunderstand AlikeLikeBe likely to Unlikely Progress Process Procedure Undoubtedly Conventional Convention Priority Promote Stimulate Improve RapidFast Fortunate Unfortunate Fortune Furniture Institution Consistently Consistent Achieve RadicallyRadicalProduceProduct ProductivityAs a resultResult inResult from Standards of living IronyIronicIronical Ironically EvidenceEnterEntry Recession RecedeBubbleDeride Automotive Factory Counterpart Illiterate Labor Workforce Despite Complexity Complex Complicated Industry Suspect Hunter Gatherer Wonder Wander Humanity Human Humane Compete Competitive Competitor Advanced EscapePovertyPoorTrap Constrain Constraint ForeseeableOn the contrary By contrast 2009 Text 4 Thoroughly Minister Colony Colonial Pursuit Pursue Establish Preoccupation Occupy Occupation UnfoldFold Dominant Dominance Dominate Tradition Traditional Theological Distinctive Origin Original Circumstance Situation Episode Civility Virtuosity Impress Impressive JourneyTripPublish Extensively Extend Extensive AudienceAtmosphere Earnestness CraftsmanCraftLet alone DependentDepend on IndependentLiterary CompositionIt is obvious that…EmigrateBe filled with= be full ofSexSexualConfuseConfusingConfusedConfusionFrustrateFrustrated Frustrating Frustration Religion Religious Decisive Decide Decision FateMagic Magical Magician Sermon Meanwhile Settle Settler Slight Commitment Clergyman Confront FolkMock11。
英语：宫东风25个考研英语阅读经典试题及答案
1. The primary purpose of the text is to[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.[C] propose a temporary solution to a problem.[D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for sub contracts result quickly in orders might causes it to[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm.[B] face potentially crippling fixed expenses.[C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.[D] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.3. It can be inferred from the text that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and local agencies” (line 9, paragraph 1) are[A] more popular with large corporations.[B] more concrete.[C] less controversial.[D] less expensive to enforce.4. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements (line 1, paragraph 2) was substantial?[A] Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.[B] Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.[C] The figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contr acts with minority-owned businesses.[D] The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.5. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements ab out corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?[A] Annoyed by the pro liferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.[B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority b usinesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctan t to pursue many government contracts.[C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustaine d and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.[D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】B【考点解析】本题是一道中心主旨题。
2009宫老师的考研英语预测与作文模板
2009宫老师的考研英语预测与作文模板2009宫老师团队考研英语预测第一篇整理录入:coffeelotusWhat a thought-provoking drawing it is! As it is vividly revealed in the drawing above, a football goal-keeper is sparing no efforts to catch money while paying no heed to the ball. What is conveyed in the drawing is most meaningful to us and our society.The implied meaning of the drawing may be interpreter in terms of responsibility, credibility and morality. To begin with, the sense of responsibility, credibility and morality must be established in different walks of life. Bothenterprises and individuals should honor professional responsibility, credibility and morality so as to realize self-value. Otherwise, resulting consequences would do harm to the public of our whole society. Sometimes the international image of our country could be spoiled. What’s more, it should be realized that money is the root of all evil. If an enterprise or individual is only money-oriented, it or he would care nothing about professional responsibility, credibility and morality but making profits by all means. Eventually the enterprise or individual could break the law and go astray. In sum, responsibility, credibility and morality should never be neglected in our work and life.Take Sanlu for example. Sanlu is a well-known brand in Chinese milk industry. In order to pursue the maximum profits, a certain chemical is mixed in its milk powder for babies. As a result, many babies who have consumed its milk fall illlittle acorns grow. As it is vividly demonstrated in the drawing above, an PLA army-man has set himself a goal and then divided the goal into small but concrete targets so as to carry out his plan step by step. What is conveyed in the drawing is most instructive and thought-provoking.The implied meaning of the drawing can be interpreted with respect to the goal of life, patience and persistence. To begin with, it should be realized that nothing seek, nothing find. As a social being, self-development is of importance.A definite goal, which is based on personal interests and abilities, must be set up so as to make out ideal come true. What’s more, we should bear the proverbs in mind that “Fool’s haste is no speed” and “Every little makes”. Nothing could be achieved ov ernight. And to achieve one’s goal is no exception. It needs a processand constant efforts. In sum, drops of water outwear the stone.Take Deng Yaping for example. Deng is a super table-tennis player and has snatched numerous gold medals in international events. However, it is hardly known that Deng began her training when she four years old. It is Deng’s sweat, tears, patience and persistence that have helped her achieve her goal. As a saying goes:” Slow and steady win the race”.第三篇What a humorous and thought-provoking drawing it is! As it is vividly revealed in the drawing, nearly all the goldfish jump into the big tank which is labeled with the words “metropolis” so that they face fierce competition and cruel survival condition. No fish is willing to stay in small towns and countryside. What is conveyed in the drawing is realistic and most meaningful.The mail purpose of the painter can be briefly interpreted in terms of wise choice and sacrifice spirit. To begin with, discretion is the better part of valour. It is no doubt that the metropolis is intriguing with respect to our career andself-development. However, when a metropolis is over-crowded with talents, we need to have a second thought in making a wise choice. We also need to be aware of the old sayings that “ One man’s meat is another man’s poison” and “Every man has his price.” Therefore the place that suits us should be the best and wise choice for us. What’s more, sacrifice spirit should be enhanced among young talents. It must be recognized that self-development and our career can not be separated from the growth of our motherland. Without the growth of small towns, and the vast rural areas, China can not develop. As a modern talent, we must combine our personal pursuit with the development of our nation in making career choice. In sum, both wisdom and sacrifice spirit should be taken into account in choice-making.As far as I am concerned, the West is my best choice. First of all, I was born andgrew up there so that I intend to start my career in the West which I am most familiar with. Besides, as a student of agronomy, it is my duty to take roots in the rural area of the West. When I was young, my teacher asked me to recite:” I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”. Now it’s time for me to cash my promise.metropolis n.①首都；首府；大都会; ②(商业，艺术等的)中心，中心地;valour n.[书面语](尤指在战争中)英勇，勇猛；刚毅; Discretion is the better part of ~.[谚]谨慎为勇敢之本；有智才有勇(常用作诙谐语，实质是掩饰懦怯的遁词). discretion n.①谨慎；考虑周到;sacrifice n.①[U] 献祭；牺牲;rural a.①乡村的，农村的，乡村风味的;第四篇It is well-known that one cannot put back the clock. As it is realistically demonstrated in the drawing above, great changes have taken place with the passage of time. In the year of 2008, a young man is effortlessly searching online while in 1978 a scholar was working hard to hunt for materials among piles of books. What is conveyed in the drawings is both realistic and most meaningful.The implied meaning of the drawing above can be interpreted in terms of the great changes and Opening-up and Reform Policy. To begin with, greatchanges over the past 30 years should be attributed to the Opening-up and Reform since 1978. In 1978 China launched the Opening-up and Reform, which has greatly promoted the rapid growth of our national economy. The enhancement of our economy has bought about the robust development of science and technology have changed our way of study and work. Modern science and technology have bought us the most efficient means of work and study. More materials are available and much information can be obtained instantly and immediately be means of internet and other hi-tech devices. The world is getting small and people are closer. In sum, thanks to the Opening-up and Reform, great changes have taken place over the past 30 years.In fact, great changes have taken place in various aspects of our life besides science and technology. Over the past 30 years, education has had a great stride.College education is no longer a dream for the majority of young people. Our living standards have been greatly improved. We’ve got enough food and our clothes are more colorful. On the whole, great changes derive from the great policy and constant efforts.第五篇What a moving drawing it is! As it is vividly revealed in the drawing above, all Chinese are actively making their share donation for the victims in Sichuan earthquake to show their care, which forms a flow of great love. What is conveyed in the drawing is both inspiring and most meaningful.The implied meaning of the drawing can be interpreted in terms of great love, unity and courage. First of all, blood is thicker than water. Great love is one of the essential virtues of our nation.Historically, whenever people in one region are hit by natural disasters, people living in other regions would lend their hands to dedicate their love and care, which is the core and nature of Chinese civilization. What’s more, in unity there is strength. Unity is another essential and traditional virtue of our nation. Whenever we encounter hardships, Chinese of 56 nationalities would show more unity to face and overcome difficulties hand in hand and arm in arm. To Chinese, there is nothing to fear but fear itself. In sum, great love, unity and courage are the cornerstone of our national soul.In my view, the future of Sichuan will be more promising. First of all, governments at different levels put much stress on the rehabilitation of earthquake-stricken areas. Besides, more love and care will constantly flow to Sichuan from people in different parts of our motherland. Most importantly, peoplein Sichuan have a long history of wisdom, industriousness and bravery. Sichuan’s tomorrow must be more attractive. rehabilitation n.①修复；恢复；复兴；整顿补充;第六篇It’s always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar. As it is vividly demonstrated inthe drawing above, the flame of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games has attracted friends from all over the world. Foreign friends are enjoying the Chinese traditional dragon-dancing with their national flags in their hands. What is conveyed in the drawing is both inspiring and thought-provoking.The implied meaning of the drawing can be interpreted in terms of development, peace and exchanges. To begin with, the Opening-up and Reform has borne fruits. The Opening-up and Reform since 1978 has brought about great changes and development in economy, which promotes the growth of Chinese sports. What’s more, the Olympic Games help to enhance the peace and exchanges all over the globe. The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is an opportunity for China to display itself. The arrival of foreign friends makes the world get to know a real China and also help us toknow the world. In sum, it’s the Opening-up and Reform and the Beijing Olympic Games that promote our national sports and the growth of international exchanges.In my view, the successful hosting of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is natural. First of all, people all over the world long for peace instead of war. Besides, Chinese people in different walks of life have made great efforts for the preparation of the 2008 Olympics. Only by exchanges and understanding can China develop and the whole international community keep peace and stability.borne vbl.生, 负荷第七篇As you sow, so shall you reap. As it is humorously revealed in the drawing above, a crane is being utilized to construct buildings. The buildings are invading more and more farming land which provides us with grain. Consequently our rice bowl will be spoiled and food crisis is inevitable. What is conveyed in the drawing is most meaningful and thought-provoking.The aim of the painter can be analyzed in terms of urban development and food supply. First of all, a rational plan must be made with respect to urban development. With the increase of population, urbansprawling runs rampant and farming land is turned into residential areas. New buildings are erected by each passing day. Random invasion of farming land must be immediately stopped. What’s more, the sense of farming land protection must be cultivated. We cannot survive without food. Food crises can lead to many social problems. It can destroy social stability and even ignite war. In sum, random urban sprawling can no longer neglected and the protection of farming land is a must.In my view, urgent measures need to be made and taken so as to protect farming land and avoid food crisis. On one hand, a nation wide education campaign should be launched to raise the public’s awareness of protecting farming land. On the other hand, laws must be set up to punish those who destroy farming land. Only in these ways can we keep a sustainable development.Crane 吊车,鹤,起重机utilize v.利用grain n.①[U]谷物，谷类(总称);rational a.①理性的，推理的;sprawl vi.①伸展手足卧或闲坐②(植物)蔓延；(建筑物等)无计划地延伸;rampant蔓延的,无约束的ignite vt.①点燃，点火;②使兴奋；激动; sustainable a.足可支撑的, 养得起的, 可以忍受的sustainable development 可持续发展第八篇It is well-known that “They that sow the wind shall reap the whirlwind”. As it is vividly demonstrated in the drawing above, owing to the waste gas emitted by motor vehicles, the global warming effects have become more apparent, with the temperature reaching 45℃. What is conveyed in the drawing is both shocking and thought-provoking.The main purpose of the painter can be analyzed in terms of global warming and greenhouse effect. To begin with, it must be recognized that the earth is endangered by global warming and greenhouse effects. Because of the certain ways of the modern life, the only habitat of human being has already been destroyed severely. The atmosphere of the earth is damaged by the waste gases emitted by motor vehicles and factories. The temperature is climbing and the ice is melting by each passing year due to the emission. The earth is in danger. What’smore, it must be realized that the global warming and greenhouse effects are caused by human being. Certain ways of modern life and blind economic development have resulted in the global warming and greenhouse effects. Only human being can reverse the current grim status before it is too late. In sum, global warming can no longer be neglected and the outcome of tragedy is now up to human being.In my view, some urgent measures must be taken without any delay. On one hand, an education campaign should be launched to popularize the importance of environmental protection among the general public. On the other hand, laws and regulations must be established to curb the emission of waste gases. Only in these ways can we own a permanent habitat and keep sustainable development.campaign n.战役, 运动, 活动; v.参加活动第九篇It is well-known that “As you brew, so must you drink”. As it is vividly revealed in the drawing above, the earth is suffering disasters of various kinds including tropical storm, tornado, volcanic eruption and earthquake. What is conveyed in the drawing is realistic and thought-provoking.The main purpose of the painter can be analyzed in terms of the incidence of disaster and environment protection. To begin with, the increase in frequency of disaster over the past years shouldarouse our self-reflection on human action. It must be recognized that some of the disasters are at least partially caused by human being. Deforestation, emission of waste gases and other human activities run rampant and destroy the natural balance. Flood, drought and landslide are among the most common disasters. What’s more, the increase in frequency of disaster call for immediate responses of human being before it is too late. The earth is the only habitat of human being and we have no place to hide from disasters. Since some of the disasters result from human misconducts, we must rectify our misdeeds without any delay so as to alleviate the suffering of the earth and rescue ourselves. In sum, to alleviate the pain of the earth is to alleviate the pain of human being, which needs our discrete reflection and immediate action.In my view, urgent measures must be taken in order to rescue the earth andhuman being. On one hand, an education campaign should be launched to popularize the importance of environmental protection among the general public. On the other hand, laws and regulations must be established to curb the worsening of the environment. Only in these ways can we keep a sustainable development.brew n.酿造酒, 蕴酿; v.酿造, 蕴酿tropical storm 热带风暴tornado 龙卷Volcanic Eruption火山爆发self-reflection反省deforestation滥伐,滥伐林木rampant蔓延的,无约束的drought干旱,旱灾landslide滑坡,塌方misconduct n.①不端行为rectify vt.①纠正，订正，矫正；整顿; discrete不连续的,分离,分立的,分散的,离散,稀疏的第十篇It is well-known that “God helps those who help themselves”. As it is vividly revealed in the drawing above, a disabled athlete is running with all his efforts. Without legs, he is running with the spirit of struggling and courage. What is conveyed in the drawing above is both inspiring and instructive.The mail purpose of the drawing above can be interpreted in terms of self-confidence, bravery and the spirit of struggling. To begin with, it should be recognized that “ Nothing is impossible toa willing heart.” In our daily life, work and study, we often encounter hardship and difficulties. And sometime our task is really demanding. Only self-confidence can help us tide over difficulties. What’s more, it should be realized that “Fortune favors the brave”. In our routine life and work, we will meet with insurmountable difficulties. Occasionally we do feel helpless and fall in desperate situation. In this case, to be or not to be, it depends on whether we have enough courage to struggle with bravery. Only by the spirit of struggling can we have a silver lining. In sum, self-confidence, bravery and the spirit of struggling are the chord of life.Take Zhang Haidi for example. Zhang was paralyzed with high fever when she was a little girl. However, she did not give up her life. She learned English from radio and later translated and published a novel entitled Seaside Diagnosis. Besides she has been active in the social work for thedisabled and was elected president of the National Association of the Disabled of PRC. Zhang has set a good example for all of us. We should “Never say die”.chord n.弦, 和音, 情绪第十一篇A bad workman always blames his tool. As it is vividly revealed in the drawing above, a football match just ends and aloser is beating football with his belt to vent his frustration and resentment. What the drawing intends to convey is realistic and most meaningful.The implied meaning of the drawing can be analyzed in terms of the failure and attitude. To begin with, it must be recognized that failure is the mother of success. No cross, no crown. There is a crook in the lot of every one. The most important thing is that we should keep an objective and upbeat attitude when we encounter failure and frustration. What’s more, experience is the best teacher. No one can avoid the ups and downs in daily life, work and study. In fact, frustration and failure are wealth of our life. When we fail, we must keep a clear mind and make a thorough self-reflection so as not to make the same mistake. It is no use crying over spilt milk and blaming others. In sum, proper treatment of frustration and establishment of right attitude arenecessary ingredients of our life and work.Take Du Li for example. Du is a woman shooter of our national team. On the first day of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games she failed to win gold medal. She cried and was very upset, but she summed up the cause of her failure instead of blaming others. Two days later, she stood on the platform of gold medalist. From her story, we realize that attitude is everything. vent n.排气口; v.发泄resentment n.怨恨, 愤恨crook n.钩, 弯曲部份, 恶棍; v.弯曲, 诈骗lot n.运气, 签, 一堆upbeat n.[音]弱拍; 上升; 兴旺thorough a.十分的, 彻底的第十二篇The tree is known by its fruit. As it is vividly revealed in the drawing above, a referee is showing a punishing card to a football player who is spitting on the match ground. What the drawing intends to convey is most realistic and thought-provoking.The main purpose of the painter can be briefly interpreter in terms of manners and behaviors. To begin with, it must be recognized that bad manners should be removed. At present, it is not uncommon that some people spit here and there. Smoking and shouting in public placesalso run rampant. A healthy and harmonious society cannot be built until such bad manners and behaviors are curbed. What’s more, it is apparent that bad manners and behaviors can result in side-effects not only at home but also abroad. Since the Opening-up and Reform in 1978, more international exchanges have been conducted. More and more Chinese go abroad to live, study or word. It is no denying that the show of any of their bad manners and behaviors will damage our national image on the international stage. In sum, bad manners and behaviors must be done away with before it is too late.In my opinion, some necessary moves must be immediately taken so as to ensure a civilized environment. On one hand, a nation-wide campaign must be launched to raise the public’s awareness of good manners and behaviors. On the other hand, relevant laws and regulationsmust be established to punish those performing bad manners. Only in these ways can we create a healthy and harmonious society.第十三篇What a shocking bar chart it is! As it is accurately demonstrated in the bar chartabove, vertebrate species decreased steeply from 1970 to 2003, with terrestrial species, fresh water species and marine species declining 31,28 and 27 percent respectively. What is conveyed in the chart is alarming and thought-provoking.The main causes for the sharp decrease can be interpreted in terms of over-hunting, over-fishing and pollution. To begin with, over-hunting and over-fishing have resulted in the decline of vertebrate species. As the global population is increasing, it poses a threat to vertebrate species. People view vertebrate species as the main source of meat. It is apparent that the number of vertebrate is bound to dive due to population explosion and the resulting over-hunting and over-fishing. With the rapid growth of economy, one factory after another is built all over the world. Consequently, many terrestrial specieshave lost their habitat. Modern industry also bring with it pollution. Factories discharge much waste water into river, lake, sea and ocean, thus contaminating the water on which freshwater and marine species depend. In sum, destructive activities of human being have led to the diving of vertebrate species.In my view, necessary moves must be taken without any delay so as to protect vertebrate species. On one hand, a world-wide campaign should be launched to raise the public’s awareness of protecting vertebrate species. On the other hand, laws and regulations must be set up to punish those who hurt vertebrate species. Only in these ways can we keep a sustainable development. vertebrate有脊椎的,脊椎动物steeply ad.险峻地terrestrial地球居民,陆栖动物,陆生植物,地球上的,陆地的,陆栖的,陆生的marine a.①海的；海生的；海产的; respectively ad.各自地，分别的;contaminate污染,损害第十四篇What an amazing bar chart it is! As it is accurately revealed in the bar chart above the number of Chinese netizens was climbing from 2004 to 2007, with the number reaching 210 million in 2007. What is demonstrated in the chart is both encouraging and most meaningful.The main reasons for the apparentincrease of Chinese netizens can be interpreted in terms of science and technology and the Opening-up and Reform. To begin with, science and technology have created a new world. Over the past years, great changes have been taken place in the field of science and technology. Internet is the symbol of information era, which connects the world and considerably improves of efficiency of our life, work and study. What’s more, Opening-up and Reform has broadened Chinese people’s horizon. Since 1978, great progress has been made not only in the living standards but also in the liberation of our mind. More people have recognized the importance of information and efficiency. As a result, internet has entered both our office and home. In sum, the growth of science and the improvement of our mind contribute to the increase of Chinese netizens.In my view, the trend of netizenincrease will continue in china. On one hand, our government places more stress on the integration with the international world and the wide application of modern technology. On the other hand, Chinese are becoming more aware of the significance of information. The day when neitizen means citizen is around the corner.第十五篇What an alarming diagram it is! As it is accurately revealed in the diagram above, the economic loss which is caused by the extreme climate apparently skyrocketed from 1995 to 2005, with the average loss reaching 200 billion yuan. What is obviously demonstrated in the diagram is shocking and thought-provoking.The main reasons for the great loss caused by extreme climates can be analyzed in terms of global environment and prevention awareness. To begin with, it must be recognized the environmental destruction has led to the grim situation.Over the past decades, with the rapid development of economy and the population explosion, human activities have severely damaged our environment. Deforestation, emission of waste gases and other destructive actions are not uncommon. All these result in the occurrence of extreme climates. What’s more, the ignorance of prevention knowledge aggravates the negative consequence. Generally speaking, most people lack the awareness of biological balance and never reflect on the causes of extreme climates. As a result, they make no efforts for the prevention of extreme disasters. In sum, both environmental destruction and ignorance of prevention knowledge have led to the heavy economic loss caused by extreme climates.In my opinion, necessary measures must be immediately taken so as to reverse the grim situation. On one hand, anation-wide education campaign should be launched to make the public realize the importance of environmental protection. On the other hand, relevant prevention knowledge must be spread so as to minimize the economic loss caused by extreme climates. Only in these ways can we maintain sustainable development.小作文部分第16篇A Letter of ApplicationDear Sir or Madam,I, the undersigned, am a student of Beijing university of Science and Technology. I am writing to apply to be selected as an Olympic torchbearer.I possess unique personal qualifications to meet the Olympictorchbearer selection criteria. First of all, I am good at track and field sports event.I still keep the 100 meter race record of our school. What’s more, I have ever been selected and sent to be a torchbearer for the Athens Olympic Games. Therefore, I have the experience needed to be an ideal torchbearer.If I am lucky enough to become a torchbearer, I will strive to be an excellent torchbearer and complete my duty with smile and vigor.Your consideration of my application would be much appreciated. Given me an opportunity and I will return you a wonder.Sincerely yours,Li Ming第17篇A Letter of ComplaintDear Manager,I, the undersigned, am one of you frequent passenger. I am writing to complain of your poor service.On Jan.15th, I took CA Flight 4510 from Wenzhou, Zhejiang to Xining,Qinghai. During the trip, I transferred to CA Flight 4211 at Shuangliu Airport, Chengdu, Sichuan. At 8:00 pm of the same day, I arrived in Xining Airport. But I found one piece of my luggage I had shipped missing. I immediately informed the Supervision Department of Xining Airport and asked them for help. Two days has passed. I have received no answer.I am quit disappointed at your service and demand a definite reply about my luggage.Sincerely yours,Li Ming第十八篇A Letter of ThanksJan. 10th,2009 Dear Manager,I, the undersigned, am one of you consumers. I am writing to express my thanks for your considerate service.I bought an IBM computer from your store on Dec.10th, 2008. Unfortunately its driving disc broke down when I fixed anti-virus software. As a result, the computer did not work. Therefore, I had to ask the computer department of your store for help. Its clerks changed a new one for me and came to my home to make a demonstration. I am greatly moved by their carefulness, patience, professional skill and hospitality.I am very grateful to you for your help. incerely yours,Li Ming第十九篇A Letter of AdvocacyJan. 10th,2009 Dear Sir or Madam,I, the undersigned, am an ordinary student of Beijing University of Science and Technology. As a volunteer of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, I am writing to recommend car-pooling to you.At present, car-pooling has many advantages. In terms of environmental protection, car-pooling reduces waste-gas emission and air pollution. Besides, car-pooling helps cut down the energy consumption. Most importantly, car-pooling can ease traffic pressure and Lower our transportation fee.Let’s make joint efforts to create a green and harmonious Olympic environment. Your cooperation would be much appreciated.Sincerely yours,Li Ming第20篇A Letter of InvitationJan. 10th,2009 Dear Alumni,On behalf of our university president, I am writing to invite you to attend the 70th anniversary of our school.February 19th is the founding day of our university. Our university plans to host a grand party on the evening of February 19th, 2009. the party venue is the newly built Student s’Gymnasium on the east campus. On the occasion, our university is honored to have Rremier Wen Jia-bao to deliver a congratulation speech. Besides Western food and beautiful souvenir are provided for each attendant.We sincerely invite you to join us. please contact Miss Li to register via (010)。
2009年考研英语考前必做三套模拟试题(二)及答案
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2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题(二)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co., one of the six companies, created out of the 1 national railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth 2, its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations 3 is drawing interest.In a plan called “Station Renaissance”(英文符号)that it 4 in November, JR East said that it would 5 using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants, extending them to 6 more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up 7 for such goods as books, flowers and groceries purchased 8 the Internet. In a country 9 urbanites depend heavily on trains 10 commuting, about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway, the company 11. So, picking up purchases at train stations spare 12 extra travel and missed home deliveries.JR East already has been using its station 13 stores for this purpose, but it plans to create 14 spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.The company also plans to introduce 15 cards—(破折号)known in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated 16 for holding information 17 train tickets and commuter passes 18 the magnetic ones used today, integrating them into a single pass. This will save the company money, because 19 for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also 20 the space needed for ticket vending.1. [A] privatized [B] individualized [C] personalized [D] characterized2. [A] prospects [B] outlooks [C] expectations [D] spectacles3. [A] articulately [B] originally [C] reluctantly [D] creatively4. [A] unveiled [B] concealed [C] demonstrated [D] displayed5. [A] come round [B] go beyond [C] take over [D] went out6. [A] endeavours [B] enterprises [C] functions [D] performances7. [A] locations [B] entrances [C] vicinities [D] districts8. [A] form [B] above [C] over [D] in9. [A] when [B] where [C] which [D] that10. [A] of [B] in [C] about [D] for11. [A] figures [B] speculates [C] exhibits [D] convinces12. [A] clients [B] consumers [C] merchants [D] businesses13. [A] conjunction [B] ornament [C] expenditure [D] convenience14. [A] dedicated [B] devoted [C] designated [D] destined15. [A] clever [B] intelligent [C] ingenious [D] smart16. [A] chorus [B] circus [C] circumference [D] circuit17. [A] as [B] for [C] with [D] of18. [A] as well as [B] instead of [C] more than [D] but for19. [A] devices [B] instruments [C] readers [D] examiners20. [A] shrink [B] narrow [C] descend [D] reduceSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The inclusion of all children and youth is part of a general integrative trend that has accelerated since World War II. It relates to some newer developments as well. Conc ern for the earth’s endangered environment has become central, emphasizing in both intellectual and social life the need for cooperation rather than competition, the importance of understanding interrelationships of the ecosystem, and the idea that ecology can be used as an organizing concept. In a different vein, the rapid development of microelectronics, particularly the use of computers for multiple functions in education, goes for beyond possibilities of earlier technological advances. Although technology is thought of by some as antagonistic to humanistic concerns, others argue that it makes communication and comprehension avai lable to a wider population and encourages “system thinking,” both ultimately integrative effects.The polarization of opinion on technology’s effects and most other important issues is a problem in educational policy determination. In addition to the difficulties of governing increasingly large and diverse education systems, as well as those of meeting the never-ending demands of expanding education, the chronic lack of consensus makes the system unable to respond satisfactorily to public criticism and unable to plan for substantive long-range development.The political and administrative responses so far have been to attend to short-run efficiency by improving management techniques and to adopt polar responses to accommodate polar criticisms. Thus, community and community schools have been emphasized along with central control and standardization, and institutional alternatives have been opened, while the structure of main institutions has become more articulated. For example, the focus of attention has been placed on the transition stages, which earlier were virtually ignored: from home to school from primary to secondary to upper secondary, from school to work. Tertiary institutions have been reconceived as part of a unified level; testing has become more sophisticated and credentials have become more differentiated either by certificate or by transcript.Alternative teaching strategies have been encouraged in theory, but basic, curriculum uniformity has effectively restricted the practice of new methods. General education is still mainly abstract, and subject matter, though internally more dynamic, still rests on language, mathematics, and science. There has been an increasing reliance on the construction of subject matter to guide the method of teaching. Teachers are entrusted with a greater variety of tasks, but they are less trusted with knowledge, leading political authorities to call for upgrading of teacher training, teacher in service training, and regular assessment of teacher performance.Recent reform efforts have been focused on integrating general and vocational education and on encouraging lifelong or recurrent education to meet changing individual and social needs. Thus, not only has the number of students and institutions increased, as a result of inclusion policies, but the scope of education has also expanded. This tremendous growth, however, has raised new questions about the proper functions of the school and the effectiveness for life, work, or intellectual advancement of present programs and means of instruction.21. The passage is mainly about.[A] major difficulties in education[B] effects of modem technology on education[C] major trends and problems in education[D] the tremendous growth of education22. From the passage we can infer that.[A] the rapid development of modem technology[B] some modem developments relating to the inclusion policies[C] the inclusion policies of education[D] concern for the earth’s endangered environments23. The second passage is mainly about.[A] the polarization of opinion on some important issues about educational policy[B] the rapid development of education[C] the difficulties in meeting the demands of expanding education[D] the political and administrative measures taken to further expand education24. The author uses the example of transition of stage in school to show.[A] school life is important for families in a community[B] schooling is important for students to go to work[C] disciplines are emphasized in community school[D] all levels of schools are unified25. According to this passage, which of the following is FALSE?[A] Various teaching methodologies have not been widely adopted in general education.[B] Focusing on subject matter is still an obvious feature of general education.[C] The transition from school to work has never been overlooked.[D] The professional quality of the major, of teachers has not been considerably enhanced.Text 2The evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others.The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention—that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the next. It ranges from a passive free floating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation. the range through these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the more vigorous levels sensitivity to novelty is increased. The organism is more awake more vigilant; this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of ever more subtle signals as the organism becomes more sensitive to its surroundings. The processes of arousal and concentration give attention to its direction. Arousal is at first general with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled. Thus begins concentration, the holding of consistent images. One meaning of intelligence is the way in thigh these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience. Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends purposes.The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey. Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds of attention related to escaping or chasing. Although in both kinds of animal arousal stimulates the production of adrenaline and nor epinephrine by the adrenal glands the effect in herbivores is primarily fear, whereas in carnivores the effect is primarily aggression. For both, arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead. Perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it but the animal does experience something like it.The predator is searchingly aggressive inner directed, used by the nervous system and the adrenal hormones, but aware in a sense closer to human consciousness than, say, a hungr y lizard’s instinctive snap at a passing beetle. Using past events as a framework. The large mammal predator is working out a relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and distant sounds and yesterday’s unforgotten lessons. The herbivore bray is of a different mind. Its mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of general expectancy instead of anticipating are silk thin veils of tranquility over an explosive endocrine system.26. The author is primarily concerned with .[A] disproving the view that herbivores are less intelligent than carnivores[B] describing a relationship between animals’ intelligence and their ecological roles[C] establishing a direct link between early large mammals and their modern counterparts[D] analyzing the ecological basis for the dominance of some carnivores over other carnivores27. According to the passage, as the process of arousal in an organism continues, all of the following may occur EXCEPT.[A] the production of adrenaline[B] the production of norepinephrine[C] a heightening of sensitivity to stimulate[D] an expansion of the range of states mediated by the brain stem28. According to the passage, improvement in brain function among early large mammals resulted primarily from which of the following?[A] Interplay of predator and prey.[B] Persistence of free floating awareness in animals of the grasslands.[C] Gradual dominance of warm blooded mammals over cold blooded reptiles.[D] Interaction of early large mammals with less intelligent species.29. The author refers to a hungry lizard (last paragraph) primarily in order to.[A] demonstrate the similarity between the hunting methods of mammals and those of no mammals[B] broaden the application of his argument by including an insectivore as an example[C] make a distinction between higher and lower levels of consciousness[D] provide an additional illustration of the brutality characteristic of predators30. The author’s attit ude toward the mammals discussed in the passage is best described as .[A] superior condescending [B] lighthearted and jocular[C] apologetic and conciliatory [D] respectful and admiringText 3Great emotional and intellectual resources are demanded in quarrels; stamina helps, as does a capacity for obsession. But no one is born a good quarreler, the craft must be learned.There are two generally recognized apprenticeships. First, and universally preferred, is likely to grow up failing to understand that quarrels, unlike arguments, are not about anything, least of all the pursuit of truth. The apparent subject of a quarrel is a mere pretext; the real business is the quarrel itself.Essentially, adversaries in a quarrel age out to establish or rescue their dignity. Hence the elementary principle: anything may be said. The unschooled, may spend an hour with knocking heart, sifting the consequences of calling this old acquaintance a lying fraud.Those who miss their first apprenticeship may care to enroll in the second, the bad marriage. This can be perilous for the neophyte; the mutual intimacy of spouses makes them at once more vulnerable and more dangerous in attack. Once sex is involved, the stakes are higher all round. And there is an unspoken rule that those who love, or have loved, one another are granted a license for unlimited beastliness such as is denied to mere sworn enemies. For all that some of our most tenacious black belt quarrelers have come to it late in life and mastered every throw.A quarrel may last years. Among brooding types with time on their hands, like writers, half a lifetime is not uncommon. In its most refined form, a quarrel may consist of the participants not talking to each other. They will need to scheme laboriously to appear in public together to register their silence.Brief, violent quarrels are also known as rows. In all cases the essential ingredient remains the same; the original cause must be forgotten as possible. From here on, dignity, pride, self esteem, honor is quarrelling, like jealousy, is an ail consuming business, virtually a profession. For the quarreler’s very self hood is on the line. To lose an argument is a brief disappointment, much like losing a game of tennis; but to be crushed in a quarrel r ather bite off your tongue and spread it at your opponent’s feet.31. According to the passage, which is false?[A] It is a good way to establish or rescue one’s dignity through quarrel.[B] Quarrel is very different from argument.[C] Spouses can benefit little from quarrel.[D] Quarrel is not an instinct of human being.32. What does the expression “rainy afternoon” (2nd paragraph) mean about brothers and sisters?[A] Had to play at home. [B] Felt depressed.[C] Were quarrelling. [D] Got the only chance to stay together.33. The author implies that.[A] an excellent quarreler must be trained through two phrases[B] in people’s whole life, there are two periods full of quarreling[C] quarrel is much like argument[D] all people like quarreling34.Which is the difference between a quarrel and an argument?[A] A quarrel involves individual pride.[B] A quarrel concerns strong points of view.[C] An argument has well established rules.[D] An argument concerns trivial issues.35. The author’s opinion is.[A] objective [B] subjective [C] progressive [D] conservativeText 4Islamic law is a particularly instructive example of “sacred law”. Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other fo rms of law notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactments are concerned that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena. Even the two other representatives of sacred law that are historically and geographically nearest to it, Jewish law and Roman Catholic canon law, are perceptibly different.Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamic law. Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications(诠释) of Jewish law in the Diaspora. Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism(信仰) that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non Arab peoples of the conquered territories. All this was unified by being subjected to the same kind of religious scrutiny, the impact of which varied greatly, being almost nonexistent in some fields, and in others originating novel institutions. This central duality of legal subject matter and religious norm is additional to the variety of legal ethical and ritual rules that is typical of sacred law.In its relation to the secular state, Islamic law differed from both Jewish and canon law. Jewish law was buttressed by the cohesion of the community, reinforced by pressure from outside: its rules are the direct expression of this feeling of cohesion, tending toward the accommodation of dissent. Canon and Islamic law, on the contrary, were dominated by the dualism of religion and state, where the state was not, in contrast with Judaism, an alien power but the political expression of the same religion. But the conflict between state and religion took different forms; in Christianity it appeared as the struggle for political power on the part of a tightly organized ecclesiastical hierarchy, and canon law was one of its political weapons. Islamic law, on the other hand, was never supported by and organized institution; consequently there never developed an overt trial of strength. There merely existed discordance between application of the sacred law and many of the regulations framed by Islamic states; this antagonism varied according to place and time.36. According to the author, which of the following is not true?[A] Islamic law is rarely different from Jewish law and canon law.[B] Islamic law is especially instructive example of scared law.[C] Jewish law is the same as canon law.[D] Islamic law is more uniform than both Jewish law and canon law.37. The word “it” (in Line 7, Para 2) most probably refers to.[A] the Old Testament [B] Islamic law[C] canon law [D] legal subject matter38. The word“ buttress ” (in Line 2，Para 3) means.[A] buttonhole [B] distress [C] support [D] hinder39. Islamic law never developed an overt trial of strength, because.[A] it was never supported by an organized institute[B] it was dominated by the dualism of religion and state[C] it was reinforced by pressure from outside[D] it was supported by an organized institution40. The best title for this passage could be.[A] Scared Law [B] Islamic Law[C] Islamic Law, Jewish Law and Canon Law [D] All Kinds of LawsPart BSample OneDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In Europe and Asia the first “medium of exchange” or “standard of value” was not gold or silver, but cattle (the Spanish word s relating to cattle, pecuario, and to money, pecuniario, both have the same root). In other parts of the world, however, such different commodities as salt, shells, stones and cocoa beans were all used as “money”. They all offered advantages over the barter system (the direct exchange of goods), but none of them was perfect. (41).The invention of coins appears to have occurred almost simultaneously but quite independently in ancient Greece and in China in about 700 B.C. (42).In Greece, a natural alloy of gold and silver called “electrun” occurred in river in nugget form. The first coin s were taken out of these nuggets with a tool called a punch. In order to distinguish these coins from gold ornaments, a design, or “type”, to use the technical numismatic expres sion, was added on one side. At first, these types were very simple: flowers, squares or, in the case of the city of Phocaea, a seal (seal = foca Spanish). (43).Soon, inscriptions appeared, the first known one being “I am the sign of Phanes.” From Halicarnassus around 600 B.C., about 200years later, the first portraits of rulers app eared on coins.(44).Firstly, it was made of bronze. More notable, it was not circular, but in the shape of a knife! The knife had a hole pierced in the handle so that it could be suspended (for example, from a string), and, like some Greek coins, it generally bore an inscription. Other shapes included keys or spades, but what they had in common was the pierced hole. It was probably around 250 B.C. that the first Chinese money we would recognize as coins appeared, and, subsequently, the famous Ming Mint produced a round coin with a square hole in it. This particular coin bore the inscription, “Knife of Ming,” but later the knife itself disappeared. It was from this coin that the famous “cash” developed. The Chinese word, “cash”, means “a small unit of currency.” Although Chinese coins often had inscriptions, they virtually never had portraits, or types of any kind, until the nineteenth century when were influenced by western models.(45). In the thirteenth century A.D. Marco Polo brought stories of such money to Europe, but the concept did not inspire the Europeans of his time. In fact, the true ancestors of modern paper money were the billets printed in France in 1716 by the Scottish financier, John Law. So the Englis h word “cash” comes from a Chinese wor d, and the Spanish word billeted comes from a Scotsman in France. Money certainly seems to make the word go round![A] Some were too heavy, some could not be divided into small enough parts (How much of a cow would you need to buy a piece of cheese?), some were not permanent enough. The solution was money as we know it, that is, money in the form of coins.[B] As for paper money, that was a Chinese invention, too.[C] Meanwhile, in another part of Greece, circular silver coins were made, and these quickly became more common everywhere in Greece than the electrun ones.[D] The reason why historians believe the development was independent is because of the notable difference in the two systems.[E] Checks have largely replaced money as a means of exchange, for they are widely accepted everywhere.[F] The first money to appear in China was very different.[G] Though this is very convenient for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that checks are not real money: they are quite valueless in themselves.Sample TwoDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41 45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] It is also used to help students gain transition skills: Students with autism or developmental delay can visit a virtual supermarket, take public transportation, cross the street, or organize his or her day. Students in wheelchairs can learn how to navigate buildings. And the beauty is, these students can make any number of mistakes without endangering themselves.[B] For example, virtual reality has been used effectively to assess students’ depth perception, with the results being quite different from those obtained from traditional paper and pencil tests.[C] Then we gradually begin shrinking the sign and adding other environmental elements. Once the student has mastered this virtually, he or she transfers the knowledge to the real world. In the end, this is the most important function of virtual reality programs for special students.[D] Virtual reality even allows us to tailor the world to meet a child’s needs. Let’s say we’re teaching a child to cross the street by paying attenti on to traffic signs. Educators have found that it is often difficult for the child to locate the traffic sign in a busy environmen t. With virtual reality, we can blow up the “walk sign” so the student knows what it looks like.[E] And it is expected that future teachers will be exposed to virtual classes, complete with “difficult students” to help th em master behavior management techniques.[F] In fact, one of the biggest virtues of virtual reality is that it allows students to learn in a safe environment, and this holds true for students with behavior disorders. After a student has learned an appropriate behavior or way of controlling his or her anger, the student is put in progressively more difficult virtual social situations where he or she can practice the new technique.[G] Some of today’s most cutting-edge technology is now being used to help students with special needs. No longer just the province of games for “video needs,” virtual reality has come into its own as a tool for special education teachers and therapists. As such, it is used for assessment, teaching, and practice, according to Skip Rizzo, research assistant/professor at the University of Southern California.Order:G→41 →42 →43 →44 →45 →CSample ThreeDirections:You are going to read a text about Olympic Games, followed by a list of explanations. Choose the best explanation from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra explanation which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Olympic Games (modern), international sports competition, held every four years at a different site, in which athletes from different nations compete against each other in a variety of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics. Through 1992 they were held in the same year, but beginning in 1994 they were rescheduled so that they are held in alternate even numbered years.(41) Modern Olympic Games from past to presentThe modern Olympic Games began in Athens, Greece, in 1896, two years after French educator and thinker Pierre de Coubertin proposed that the Olympic Games of ancient Greece be revived to promote a more peaceful world.(42) International Olympic CommitteeThe Olympic Games are administered by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland.(43) Awarding the GamesIn order to host the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes.(44) Athletes and eligibilityAlthough the Olympic Charter, the official constitution of the Olympic movement, proclaims that the Olympics are contests among individuals and not among nations, the IOC assigns to the various NOCs the task of selecting national Olympic teams.(45) CeremoniesThe Olympic Games have always included a number of ceremonies, many of which emphasize the themes of international friendship and peaceful cooperation.[A] Although they were founded as part of a vision of world peace, once the modern Olympic Games became a truly important international event they also became a stage for political disputes. The most controversial Olympics were the Berlin Games of 1936.[B] From the start of the modern Olympic Games, male amateur athletes of every race, religion, and nationality have been eligible to participate. Although Coubertin opposed the participation of women in the Olympics and no women competed in 1896, a few female golfers and tennis players were allowed to participate in the 1900 Games. Female swimmers and divers were admitted to the 1912 Games, and female gymnasts and track and field athletes first competed at the 1928 Games. Women’s Olympic sports have grown significantly since then, and currently women account for approximately half of the members of teams.[C] Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games.。
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2009年Text 2(上)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2009年Text 2（上）这篇文章是一篇历史类话题的文章，讨论美国的开国元勋们所不为人知的一面---对于奴隶制度的暧昧态度。
他们深知奴隶制的危害，却因文化和政治的原因继续支持奴隶制度的存在。
通过这篇文章我们可以更全面地了解到美国历史。
以下是本文中出现的10个高频重点单词，就让我们一起来学习吧！1.2 transplant [træns'plɑːnt]v. 移植;转移【词根记忆】：trans(=from…to 从…到)+ plant(种植)→移植【短语搭配】：organ transplant 器官移植【真题例句】：So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw--having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.于是，华盛顿雇牙医往他的口腔内移植了九颗牙齿--- 这些牙齿是从他的奴隶的口中拔出的。
2. 4 extract [ˈekstrækt]v. 提炼，提取;摘取，摘录;拔牙【词根记忆】：ex(=out外，出)+ tract(拉，抽)→抽取，提取【真题例句】：You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. 你们都多次听说过，科学家是利用归纳法和演绎法工作，从某种意义上来说，他们用这种方法力图找到某些自然规律，然后他们根据这些规律和自己的某种特有的技能建立他们自己的理论。
2009年甲类三副英语--最新的题库2685完全翻译版
只放出前面800多题，后面1800道请跟QQ：44892074联系.从2009年08月考完后，海事局开始加入更新的X题库，X题库不外卖，而是直接合并到海事局考试系统里面，阅读新的比较多，单选新的不多。
09年03月出现的光盘版是销售用的，其实里面的资料跟1890差不多。
本题库为2009年01月大连海事大学的甲类三副英语题库内部使用，不是用来销售的，白皮书版，非光盘版。
考试用。
本题库重点在于翻译，所以我只打了单选题，阅读题未打，大部分都是前人已经翻译好的，由于本人也要考英语，所以会把没翻译过的也全都翻掉，前面有800题来自网络上的桃花岛主，欢迎大家访问他的航院在线论坛绿色来自1890，蓝色来自2750，紫色来自154，红色来自700，黑色来自6050，若干题为手打。
1.Which action(s) is/are included in crane operations?A. Normal boom stowage and shutdown operationsB. Emergency shutdown operationC. Removing booms from stowageD. All of the above起重机操作中包括哪些动作？上面所有的2.Which procedure(s) shall be used to determine risk of collision?A. Watching the compass bearing of an approaching vesselB. Systematic observation of objects detected by radarC. Long-range radar scanningD. All of the above哪些步骤应该用来判断碰撞危险？上面所有的3.A mooring line leading 45°to the keel，used to check forward or astern movement of a vessel，is called a ______.A. spring lineB. warp lineC. bow lineD. breast line一种系泊缆跟龙骨成45度，用来牵制船舶首尾移动，叫做倒缆4. When two power-driven vessels are crossing, which vessel is the stand-on vessel?A. The vessel which is to starboard of the other vessel.B. The vessel which is to port of the other vessel.C. The larger vessel.D. The vessel that sounds the first whistle signal.当两艘机动船交叉相遇，哪一艘是直航船？在他船右舷的船舶5. When using a hand held smoke signal from a lifeboat, you should activate the signal _____A. on the downwind sideB. on the upwind sideC. inside the boatD. at the stern当在救生艇上用手举起烟雾信号，你应该使信号在下风侧。
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题（3）
Text 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social， political and intellectual development of these and all other societies； however， the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it， because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and， as a result， radically higher standards of living. Ironically， the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago， with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was， and remains， the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan， and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts —— a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job. More recently， while examining housing construction， the researchers discovered that illiterate， non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston， Texas，consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work. What is the real relationship between education and economic development？ We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all， that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10，000 years ago， they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things. As education improved， humanity's productivity potential， they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary， but not a sufficient， condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education， however， doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary，constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A] challenges economists and politicians[B] takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C] the U.S workforce has a better education[D] the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph ， development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy， nowhere else in colonial America was "So much important attached to intellectual pursuits " According to many books and articles， New England's leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding， dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life. To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life， we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity. The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629，There were political leaders like John Winthrop， an educated gentleman， lawyer， and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively， reaching both New World and Old World audiences， and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. We should not forget ， however， that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers， let alone dependents and servants， left literary compositions to be analyzed， The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane， who emigrated in the late 1630s， left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion， economic frustrations ， and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible， told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate，and read the magical words： "come out from among them， touch no unclean thing ， and I will be your God and you shall be my people." One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched. Meanwhile， many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane's， as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . "Our main end was to catch fish. "36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later reference。
深度剖析09考研大纲 详尽指导英语备考
深度剖析09考研大纲详尽指导英语备考
——海天英语名师任丽卿
主持人：大家好，2009考研英语大纲刚刚发布，同学们都有很多的疑问，今天我们邀请到海天学校考研英语辅导专家任丽卿老师来为大家作详细的解析，任老师您好！
任丽卿：大家好。
主持人：今的大纲我们知道在形式上没有变化，在内容上有没有细节需要大家注意呢？
任丽卿：考研大纲没有形式上的变化，依然维持了原来大纲的考题题型、考试模式、测试的知识。
但是从近几的考题来看，细节内容还是有一定变化的，这些变化说明在大纲日趋成熟、渐渐稳定的同时，考题难度稳中有升。
考生备考时不必害怕难度的提高，它是循序渐进的，不会对考生产生太大的影响。
但是考生应该有一定的准备，对词汇的掌握要力求做到更加精细、。
2009考研英语text3红宝书
2009考研英语Text3 红宝书一、概述2009年考研英语Text3是一篇来自红宝书的文章，该文章出现在考研英语真题中，是备考考研英语的学生必须重点关注的一篇文章。
通过深入阅读和分析，可以帮助考生更好地理解英语语言和考研英语的要求，有助于提高自己的阅读理解和写作能力。
二、文章分析1. 文章主题文章的主题为“红宝书”，主要介绍了一种名为“红宝书”的新型钢琴练习书籍，通过对其特点和优势的描述，试图向读者推荐这本书。
2. 文章内容文章首先介绍了“红宝书”对练习钢琴的方式有着全新的理念，其中所用的练习曲目有着自己的特色。
文章详细描述了“红宝书”采用的针对性练习方法，旨在有效提高钢琴演奏水平。
文章还介绍了“红宝书”所倡导的练习方式和其所产生的积极效果。
3. 文章结构该文章采用的是典型的议论文结构，包括概述、中间段落和结论。
在概述部分，文章提出了要介绍“红宝书”的目的；在中间段落中，则分别介绍了“红宝书”的特点和优势；在结论部分，文章再次强调了“红宝书”的推荐意义。
三、文章解读1. 作者观点作者在文章中对“红宝书”给予了积极的评价，认为其练习曲目新颖独特，练习方式独具匠心，对提高钢琴演奏水平有着积极的促进作用。
整篇文章在语气上显然是偏向于推荐的，作者试图向读者推销“红宝书”，让读者对这本书产生兴趣，并将其列为钢琴练习的首选。
2. 文章亮点文章采用了具体的例子和数据来支持作者的观点，这样能够让读者更容易理解“红宝书”对钢琴练习的推荐意义。
文章用词精准，句子通顺，读起来流畅易懂。
四、文章意义通过对2009考研英语Text3的阅读和分析，我们不仅仅可以了解到“红宝书”这本书籍的特点和优势，更能够领略到考研英语对学生语言能力和阅读理解能力的要求。
这对于备考考研英语的学生来说是一个很好的实践机会，在阅读和分析文章的过程中，可以提高英语语言水平和阅读理解能力。
五、结语2009考研英语Text3的文章《红宝书》是一篇值得深入研读和解析的文章，其对钢琴练习书籍的推荐和优势展示，对于考研英语的备考学生具有一定的指导意义。
[考研类试卷]2009年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2009年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2009年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷一、名词解释1 Robinson Crusoe2 Henry Fleming3 The Bible4 Samuel Taylor Coleridge5 Death of a Salesman6 The Gothic novel7 Santiago8 Samuel Beckett9 Uncle Tom10 Ideology二、分析题11 Why is the Knight first in the General Prologue to tell a tale in Canterbury Tales?12 Moby-Dick features several seemingly insane characters. How does insanity relate to this story? How do these characters contrast with one another?13 Analyze the theme of Social Class in Dickens' Great Expectations.13 To be, or not to be—that is the question:Whether this nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneor to take arms against a sea of troublesAnd by opposing end them. To die, to sleep—No more...Questions:14 A. From which play are these lines taken from?15 B. Who is the playwright?16 C. Who is the speaker?17 D. What does this speech show?17 The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.Questions:18 A. What is the title of this short poem?19 B. Who is the author?20 C. What two images are juxtaposed or placed next to each other in this poem?21 D. How do you appreciate this poem?21 It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood , this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of someone or other of their daughters. Questions:22 A. From which novel is this passage taken from?23 B. Who is the author of this novel?24 C. What is the literary style of this novel?25 D. What is this story about?25 Young Goodman Brown came forth at sunset into the street at Salem village; but put his head back after crossing threshold, to exchange a parting kiss with his wife. And Faith, as the wife was aptly named, thrust her own pretty head into the street, letting the wind play with the pink ribbons on her capwhile she called to Goodman Brown. Questions:26 A. This passage is taken from Young Goodman Brown, who is the author?27 B. What is the symbolic meaning of "pink ribbons"?28 C. What is a symbol in literature?28 O, my love' s like a red, red rose.That' s newly sprung in June;O, my love' s like the melodieThat' s sweetly played in tune.As fair art thou, my bonnie lass.So deep in love am I;And I will love thee still, my dear.Till a' the seas gone dry.…Questions:29 A. Who wrote this poem?30 B. What is the title of the poem?31 C. The odd-numbered lines are iambic tetrameters, what about the even-numbered lines?32 D. What is the rhyme scheme?33 E. What do you know about the poem?33 EUNICE; What's the matter, honey? Are you lost?BLANCHE: They told me to take a street-car named Desire. And then transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off at—Elysian Fields!EUNICE: That' s where you are now.Questions:34 A. From which play are the conversations taken?35 B. Who is the playwright?36 C. How to define "Desire" in the play?36 We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful what we pretend to be.Mother Night, 1961Anyone who cannot understand how useful a religion based on lies can be will not understand this book either.Cat's Cradle, 1963This is a novel somewhat in the telegraphic schizophrenic manner of tales of the planet Tralfa-madore, where the flying saucers come from.Slaughterhouse-Five, 1969Questions:37 A. The author of these novels is Kurt Vonnegut, name some other novelists who employ black humor.38 B. Define the literary term Black Humor with reference to the above quotations.38 Tragedy is, then, an imitation of a noble and complete action, having the proper magnitude; it employs language that has been artistically enhanced by each of the kinds of linguistic adornment, applied separately in the various parts of the play; it is presented in dramatic, not narrative form, and achieves, through the representation of pitiable and fearful incidents, the catharsis of such pitiable and fearful incidents.Questions:39 A. This definition of Tragedy is quoted from Poetics, who is the author of Poetics?40 B. Highlight the chief contributions of Poetics to the theory of tragedy.。
2009年考研英语单词(部分)
09年完形填空fruit flyn.果蝇(幼虫在植物组织中的孵化)bulbD.J.[bʌlb]n.1 球茎2 电灯泡brightD.J.[brait]adj.1 光亮的, 闪光的, 发光的2 鲜艳的, 鲜亮的3 生气勃勃的, 愉快的; 幸福的4 聪明的, 伶俐的5 前途光明的, 有希望的high-priced['hai'praist]adj.高价的昂贵的upkeepD.J.['ʌp,ki:p]n.1 保养;维修;维持2 保养费,维修费fuelD.J.[fjuəl]n.燃料, 燃烧剂vt.1 给…加燃料, 给…加油2 激起vi. 补充燃料instinctD.J.['instiŋkt]n.本能; 天性; 直觉plentyD.J.['plenti]n.充裕, 大量, 富庶adv.1 相当地, 充分地2 十分; 非常speciesD.J.['spi:ʃi:z]n.1 物种, 种2 种类; 类型adaptiveD.J.[ə'dæptiv]adj.适应的wistfulD.J.['wɪstfəl]adj.惆怅的;渴望的;思念的;怀旧的adv.惆怅地;渴望地n.惆怅;渴望;思念glanceD.J.[ɡlɑ:ns]vi.1 一瞥, 扫视; 略视2 闪耀, 闪光n.1 一瞥, 瞥视2 闪光3 滑过, 掠过implicitlyD.J.[ɪm'plɪsɪtlɪ]adv.1 含蓄地;暗示地2 无疑问地；无保留地；绝对地operantD.J.['ɔpər nt]n.发生作用的人或物,工作的人或物adj.动作的conditioningD.J.[kən'diʃəniŋ]n.条件作用；训练；健身训练patienceD.J.['peiʃəns]n.1 耐性, 忍耐力, 耐心2 坚忍, 坚持, 毅力faithfulnessn.忠诚,正确,诚实inconclusiveD.J.[,ɪnkən'klu:sɪv]adj.非决定性的,无结果的adv.非决定性地,无结果地n.非决定性,无结果threatenD.J.['θretən]vt.&vi.1 恐吓, 威胁2 预示(某事)vi.似将发生stabler厩主,棚主dimmerD.J.['dimə]n.调光器tendencyD.J.['tendənsi]n.倾向, 趋势inclinationD.J.[,ɪnklə'neɪʃən]n.1 爱好, 癖好, 意向2 倾向, 趋向, 趋势3 倾斜, 弯腰, 曲身, 点头4 斜坡, 斜面priorityD.J.[prai'ɔriti]n.1 优先权, 重点2 优先考虑的事insist on坚持; 强调sum up1 是…的总和〔数〕; 合计2 总结, 概括3 向陪审团概述案情incredibleD.J.[in'kredəbl]adj.1 不能相信的, 不可信的2 〈非正〉难以置信的, 不可思议的, 惊人的spontaneousD.J.[spɔn'teiniəs]adj.1 自发的, 无意识的2 自然的, 天真率直的inevitableD.J.[in'evitəbl]adj.1 不可避免的, 必然发生的2 〈非正〉总会发生的, 照例必有的, 惯常的gradualD.J.['ɡrædjuəl]adj.渐渐的, 逐步的indefiniteD.J.[in'definit]adj.1 无限期的2 不明确的, 含糊的featureD.J.['fi:tʃə]n.1 特征, 特色2 面貌, 相貌3 特写, 专题节目4 (电影的)正片, 故事片features容貌deliverD.J.[di'livə]vt.&vi.递送, 交付vt.1 发言2 助产3 发动, 提出in contrast相比之下contrastD.J.['kɔntræst]n.1 对比, 对照2 差异, 差别3 对照物, 明显的对比物vt.&vi.对比, 对照forinstance例如, 比如instanceD.J.['instəns]n.例子, 实例moderateD.J.['mɔdərit]adj.1 中等的, 适度的, 不很大的2 温和的; 有节制的3 中庸的, 稳健的, 不走极端的vt.&vi.(使)减轻[缓和]; 节制determineD.J.[di'tə:min]vt.&vi.(使)下决心, (使)做出决定vt.1 确定, 测定2 限定; 制定; 支配fundamentalD.J.[,fʌndə'mentəl]adj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的n.基本原则, 基本法则comprehensiveD.J.[,kɔmpri'hensiv]adj.广泛的, 综合的equivalentD.J.[i'kwivələnt]adj.相等的, 相当的hostileD.J.['hɔstail]adj.1 怀有敌意的, 不友善的2 敌人的, 敌方的09年阅读1formationD.J.[fɔ:'meiʃən]n.1 形成, 构成2 形成物3 编队, 排列mindlessD.J.['maɪndlɪs]adj.1 没有思维能力的,愚笨的,无知的2 不注意的,不顾…的n.没有思维能力,愚笨,无知;不注意autopilotD.J.['ɔ:təpailət]n.自动驾驶仪unconsciousD.J.[ʌn'kɔnʃəs]adj.1 失去知觉的2 不知道的, 未察觉的3 无意识地做出或说出的n.<心>潜意识routineD.J.[ru:'ti:n]n.例行公事, 惯例, 惯常的程序adj.例行的; 常规的unreflectingD.J.['ʌnri'flektiŋ]adj.不反射的,不反省的,无思虑的,浅薄的herdD.J.[hə:d]n.1 兽群, 牧群2 人群, 群众vt.&vi.群集, 纠结vt.放牧implicationD.J.[,ɪmpli'keiʃən]n.1 卷入, 牵连2 含义, 暗示, 暗指paradoxical[,pærə'dɔksikl]adj.1 事与愿违的; 出乎意料的; 怪诞的2 自相矛盾的contextD.J.['kɔntekst]n.1 背景, 环境2 上下文, 语境creativityD.J.[,kri:eɪ'tɪvətɪ]n.创造性，创造力；创作能力innovationD.J.[,ɪnəu'veiʃən]n.1 改革, 革新, 创新2 新观念, 新方法, 新发明parallelD.J.['pærəlel]adj.1 (指至少两条线)平行的2 类似的; 相对应的n.1 平行线[面]2 极相似的人[事物]3 类似(点), 相似(之处)4 比较5 纬线, 纬圈vt.与…平行; 与…相当pathD.J.[pɑ:θ]n.1 小路, 小径2 路线, 途径, 路径, 轨迹creatureD.J.['kri:tʃə]n.1 生物, 动物2 人inherently[in'hiərəntli]adv.天性地,固有地rutD.J.[rʌt]n.1 车辙; 犁沟2 常规, 老规矩vt.在(某物上)形成车辙procedureD.J.[prə'si:dʒə]n.1 程序, 步骤2 手续deliberatelyD.J.[dɪ'lɪbərɪtlɪ]adv.1 慎重地;谨慎地2 故意地,蓄意地3 从容不迫地,不慌不忙地bypassD.J.['baipɑ:s]vt.1 绕过, 避开2 不顾n.旁道fascinationD.J.[,fæsə'neɪʃən]n.1 魅力;有魅力的东西2 迷恋,陶醉primaryD.J.['praiməri]adj.1 首要的; 主要的; 基本的2 最初的; 初级的analytically[,ænə'litikəli]adv.分析地，分析法地procedureD.J.[prə'si:dʒə]n.1 程序, 步骤2 手续relationalD.J.[ri'leiʃənəl]adj.亲属的,相关的,有关的collaborative[kə'læbəreitiv]adj.合作的,协作的,协力完成的innovativeD.J.['inəuveitiv]adj.1 新发明的, 新引进的; 革新的;有改革精神的2 乐于引进新观念的capacityD.J.[kə'pæsiti]n.1 容量, 容积2 才能, 能力3 身份, 职位emphasisD.J.['emfəsis]n.强调, 重点standardized ['stændə,daizd]adj.标准的,定型的inherently[in'hiərəntli]adv.天性地,固有地perpetuate D.J.[pə'petʃu:,eɪt]vt.使永存;使人记住不忘commonness ['kɔmənnəs]n.普通,平凡,共性mechanical D.J.[mi'kænikəl] K.K.[mɪ'kænɪkəl]adj.1 机械的, 力学的2 机械似的; 呆板的formationD.J.[fɔ:'meiʃən]n.1 形成, 构成2 形成物3 编队, 排列regulateD.J.['reɡjuleit]vt.1 控制, 管理2 调整; 调节traceD.J.[treis]vt.1 追踪; 追溯2 发现; 找到3 描绘; 标出vt.&vi.缓慢而困难地书写n.1 踪迹; 痕迹; 形迹2 极微的量decisiveD.J.[di'saisiv]adj.1 决定性的2 坚定的, 果断的fantasticD.J.[fæn'tæstik]adj.1 荒诞的, 奇异的, 古怪的2 极大的, 异乎寻常的3 极好的, 极出色的, 了不起的curiosityD.J.[,kjuəri'ɔsiti]n.1 好奇心, 爱打听的癖性2 奇人, 奇物, 珍品standardized['stændə,daizd]adj.标准的,定型的emphasizeD.J.['emfəsaiz]vt.强调; 加强语气; 重读inherentD.J.[in'hiərənt]adj.固有的; 内在的。
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海天2009考研英语-宫东风词汇讲义（3月词汇测试）2009宫东风老师陪你记单词（2008年3月词汇测试题）——坚持，拉近你和目标的距离！A（51个）1.abstract[反义词]2.access (to)3.accommodate[名词]4.accompany5.accumulate[名词]6.accuracy[形容词]7.achieve[名词]8.acknowledge[名词]9.acquire[名词]10.adapt (to)[名词]11.adequate[反义词]12.adjacent (to)13.adjustment[动词]14.administrative[动词]15.advocate16.affect [名词]17.aggregate [名词]18.aid[同义词]19.albeit [同义词]20.allocate [名词]21.alter[名词]22.alternative23.ambiguous [反义词]24.amend [名词]25.analogy [形容词]26.analytic [动词]27.annual [同义]28.anticipate [名词]29.apparent [副词]30.appendix31.appreciate32.approach33.appropriate [反义词]34.approximately [动词]35.arbitrary36.aspect37.assemble[反义词]38.assess[名词]39.assign[名词]40.assistance [动词]41.assume[名词]42.assure[形容词]43.attachment (to) [动词]44.attain[名词]45.attitude46.attribute (to)47.author48.authority49.automatic [反义词]50.available [名词]51.aware (of) [反义词]B（6个）1.behalf2.benefit (from)3.bias4.bond[同义词]5.brief[反义词]6.bulkC（77个）1.capable[反义词]2.capacity3.category [同义词]4.cease[反义词]5.challenge [形容词]6.channel7.chart8.chemical9.circumstance10.cite11.civil12.clarify13.classical[反义词]14.clause[同义词]15.code[动词]16.coherent[反义词]17.coincide (with)[名词]18.collapse[反义词]19.colleague[同义词]/doc/c616525754.html,mence[反义词]/doc/c616525754.html,mentary [动词]/doc/c616525754.html,mitted[动词]/doc/c616525754.html,modity[同义词]/doc/c616525754.html,patible (with) [反义词]/doc/c616525754.html,pensate (for) [名词]/doc/c616525754.html,pile[同义词]/doc/c616525754.html,plement/doc/c616525754.html,plex[同义词]/doc/c616525754.html,ponent [同义词]/doc/c616525754.html,pound /doc/c616525754.html,prehensive /doc/c616525754.html,prise[同义词]/doc/c616525754.html,pute[同义词]34.conceive[名词]35.concentration[动词]36.concept[同义词]37.conclude[名词]38.concurrent[同义词]39.conduct[反义词]40.confer (to)41.confine (to)42.confirm[名词]43.conflict (with)[形容词]44.conform (to)45.consent (to)[反义词]46.consequence[形容词]47.considerable[同义词]48.consist (of)49.consistent (with)50.constantly[形容词]51.constitute[名词]52.constraint[同义词]53.construct[名词]54.consultation[动词]55.consume[名词]56.contact[反义词]57.contemporary[同义词]58.context59.contradictory[名词]60.contract61.contrary 62.contrast63.contribute (to) [名词]64.controversial [名词]65.conventional [名词]66.conversely [形容词]67.convert[动词]68.convince[形容词]69.cooperate [名词]70.coordinate [名词]71.core[同义词]72.corporate [同义词]73.correspond (to)74.credit75.criteria[同义词]76.crucial[同义词]77.cycleD（36个）1.debate[反义词]2.decade3.decline[反义词]4.deduce[名词]5.definite[反义词]6.demonstrate [名词]7.denote[同义词]8.deny[反义词]9.depress[名词]10.derive (from)11.design[名词]12.despite13.detect[名词]14.deviation [动词]15.device[同义词]16.devote (to) [名词]17.differentiate [反义词]18.dimension19.diminish [反义词]20.discrete21.discriminate [名词]22.displace [名词]23.display [同义词]24.dispose25.distinction [形容词]26.distort [名词]27.distribute [名词]28.diverse [动词]29.document30.domain [同义词]31.domestic32.dominance [动词]33.draft34.drama [形容词]35.duration36.dynamics [同义词]E（35个）1.element[同义词]2.eliminate [名词]3.emerge[名词]4.emphasis [动词]5.empirical6.enable7.encounter8.enforce[同义词]9.enhance[名词]10.enormous [同义词]11.ensure12.environment13.equate (with) [名词]14.equipment [动词]15.equivalent16.erode[动词]17.establish [名词]18.estimate[名词]19.ethics20.ethnic21.evaluation[动词]22.eventually[形容词]23.evidence[形容词]24.evolve[名词] 25.exceed [形容词] 26.exclusion [形容词] 27.exhibition [动词] 28.expansion [动词]29.expert30.explicit[反义词] 31.exploit [名词] 32.export [反义词] 33.expose [名词] 34.external [反义词] 35.extract [名词]F（19个）1.facilitate [同义词] 2.factor [同义词] 3.feature [同义词]4.federal5.file6.financial[名词] 7.finite[反义词] 8.flexibility[形容词] 9.fluctuate[名词] 10.focus (on)[同义词] 11.format 12.formula 13.forthcoming[同义词]14.foundation[同义词]15.framework16.function[形容词]17.fundamental[同义词]18.funding[同义词]19.furthermore[同义词]G（8个）1.gender[同义词]2.generate[同义词]3.generation[动词]4.global[名词]gongdongfeng[同意词]5.grade6.grant [同义词]7.guarantee [同义词]8.guideline H（4个）1.hence2.hierarchy3.highlight [同义词]4.hypothesis [动词]I（53个）1.identical [同义词]2.ideology [形容词]3.ignorance [形容词]4.illustrate [名词]5.image6.immigrate [名词]7.impact [同义词]8.implement [同义词]9.implication [动词]10.implicit[同义词]11.imply[名词]12.impose (on)13.incentive [同义词]14.incidence [同义词]15.inclination [动词]16.incorporate [名词]17.index18.indication [动词]19.induce[名词]20.inevitable [反义词]21.infer[名词]22.infrastructure23.inherent24.inhibiting [反义词]25.initially[形容词]26.initiate[名词]27.injure[名词]28.innovation [动词]29.input[反义词]30.insert[反义词]31.insight [同义词]32.inspect [名词]33.instance [同义词]34.institute35.integral [动词]36.integration [动词]37.integrity [同义词]38.intelligence [形容词]39.intensity [动词]40.interact [名词]41.internal [反义词]42.interpret[名词]43.interval44.intervene45.intrinsic46.investigation[动词]47.investment[动词]48.invoke[同义词]49.involve[名词]50.irrelevant[反义词] 51.isolation[动词]52.issue53.itemJ（2个）1.journal2.justify[名词]L（10个）/doc/c616525754.html,bel[同义词] /doc/c616525754.html,bor [同义词]/doc/c616525754.html,yer4.legislation[形容词] 5.levy[同义词]6.liberal7.license[同义词]8.likewise9.locate[名词] 10.logical[反义词]M（22个）1.maintain[同义词] 2.manipulate[名词]3.margin[形容词] 4.mature[反义词] 5.maximum[反义词]6.mechanism7.media[同义词] 8.mediate[名词]9.medicine[同义词]10.mental[反义词]11.method[同义词]12.migrate[名词]/doc/c616525754.html,itary [反义词]14.minimal[反义词]15.minimize[反义词]16.ministry17.minority[反义词]18.mode[同义词]19.modify[名词]20.monitor21.motivate[名词]22.mutually[形容词]N（9个）1.negative[反义词]/doc/c616525754.html,work3.neutral4.nevertheless[同义词]5.nonetheless[同义词]6.norm[同义词]7.notion[同义词]8.notwithstanding9.nuclearO（14个）1.objective [反义词]2.obtain [同义词]3.obviously [形容词]4.occupation [同义词]5.occur [名词]6.oddness [形容词]7.offset [同义词]8.ongoing [同义词]9.option [动词]10.orient11.outcome [名词]12.output [同义词] 13.overall [同义词] 14.overlap P（43个）1.paradigm2.parallel [同义词]3.parameter4.participant [动词]5.passive[反义词]6.perceive[名词]7.percent8.period[同义词]9.persist[形容词]10.perspective [同义词]11.phase[同义词]12.phenomenon13.philosophy [形容词]14.physical [反义词]15.policy16.portion[同义词]17.pose18.positive [反义词]19.potential [同义词]20.practitioner[动词]21.preceding22.precise[同义词]23.predict[同义词]24.predominate25.preliminary26.presumably [动词]27.previously[形容词]28.primary29.prime30.principal[同义词]31.principle[同义词]32.prior (to)33.prioritize[名词]34.process35.prohibitive[动词]36.promote[名词]37.proportion[同义词] 38.prospect [同义词] 39.protocol [同义词]40.psychologist41.publish[名词]42.purchase43.pursue[名词]Q（2个）1.qualitatively2.quote[名词]R（31个）1.radical[反义词]2.random3.range (from…to…)4.ratio[同义词]5.rational[反义词]6.react (to)[名词]7.recovery[动词]8.refine[名词]9.region[形容词] 10.registration [动词]11.regulate12.reinforce[同义词] 13.rejection [动词]14.release[反义词]15.reluctance[形容词]16.rely (on)[同义词]17.residential[动词]18.resolution[动词]19.resource20.response (to)21.restore22.restrain[同义词]23.restrict[同义词]24.retain[同义词]25.reveal[同义词]26.revenue[同义词]27.reverse[名词]28.revise29.revolution [形容词] 30.rigid [名词]31.route [同义词]S（40个）1.scenario2.scheme [同义词]3.scope [同义词]4.sector [同义词]5.secure [名词]6.seek[同义词]7.selection [形容词]8.sequence [同义词]9.series [同义词] 10.shift[同义词] 11.significant [名词]12.simulate13.site[同义词]14.sole[同义词]15.somewhat16.source17.specify[形容词]18.spherical[名词]19.stability[形容词]20.statistics21.status22.straightforward [反义词]23.strategy[同义词]24.stressful[名词]25.structure26.style27.submit[动词]28.subordinate29.subsequent30.subsidy[同义词]31.substitute32.successive [同义词]33.sufficient [同义词]34.summarize [名词]35.supplement [同义词]36.survey [同义词]37.survive [名词]38.suspend [名词]39.sustain [形容词]40.symbol [动词]T（16个）1.technical [名词]2.temporarily [形容词]3.tense[反义词]4.terminate [名词]5.theme6.theory7.thereby8.trace9.traditional[名词]10.transfer[同义词]11.transform[名词]12.transition13.transmit[名词]14.transport[名词] 15.trend[同义词] 16.trigger [同义词]U（8个）1.ultimate[反义词] 2.undergo [同义词] 3.underlying [同义词] 4.undertake [同义词]5.unified[动词]6.uniformity[形容词]7.unique[反义词]8.utilize[名词]V（12个）1.validity[形容词]2.vary[同义词]3.vehicle[同义词]4.version5.via[同义词]6.violation[动词]7.virtually[同义词]8.visible[反义词]9.vision[同义词]10.visualize11.volume12.volunteerW（4个）1.welfare2.whereas[同义词]3.whereby4.widespread[同义词]下一个目标，2008年4月！Next goal, April, 2008!。