爱伦.坡短篇小说艺术特色

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爱伦.坡的短篇小说《黑猫》哥特式特征的多角度解析

爱伦.坡的短篇小说《黑猫》哥特式特征的多角度解析摘要：哥特小说写作巨匠爱伦・坡，他的短篇小说《黑猫》从“恶”与“善”人的本性角度，从病态人格的角度，以及叙述方式等角度以其独特的方式向我们展现了坡的哥特式的写作擅长和坡较高水平的创作。

《黑猫》留给我们的不仅仅是哥特式创作的艺术水平，更多的是引发我们对社会和人类善与恶、美与丑、罪与罚等更多深层次的思考。

关键词：哥特式“善”与“恶” 病态人格侦探小说美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家埃德加・爱伦・坡以其“独一无二”的风格屹立于美国十九世纪文坛，被冠以侦探小说鼻祖、科幻小说先驱之一、恐怖小说大师、短篇哥特小说巅峰、象征主义先驱之一、唯美主义者多种荣誉。

坡一生写了七十多篇短篇小说，取得了巨大成就。

JM罗伯逊等人认为, 爱伦・坡作为短篇小说家及评论家其成就特别值得注意, 他是“美国短篇小说发展史上的开拓者。

”[1] 这些小说主要特征是描写神秘、恐怖、死亡、暴力、悬疑等，让读者不仅从字里行间感受到恐怖气氛，更从内心感到恐怖。

而这种致使整个作品从里到外透露着恐怖的写作手法则要归功于哥特式描写。

显著的哥特小说元素包括恐怖，神秘，超自然，厄运，死亡，颓废，住着幽灵的老房子，癫狂，家族诅咒等。

坡在写作中成功运用了这些元素，以现实背景为依托，展开神秘奇幻的叙述，使情节在紧张中层层深入，把故事的哥特环境氛围描摹的精细。

对事件的偶然性的拿捏与故事缘由的推理使爱伦・坡对西方侦探小说的发展产生了巨大影响，在西方被认为是侦探小说之父。

《黑猫》是爱伦・坡的哥特小说代表作之一，又坡自己评论最多的一篇小说，又以独特的凶杀案叙事方式体现着侦探小说的性质，这就更加重了《黑猫》的哥特色彩。

在这篇论文中，我们将从“恶”与“善”人的本性角度，从病态人格的角度，以及叙述方式的哥特式特征的角度去解析哥特式特征是如何在小说《黑猫》中体现的。

一、《黑猫》中“恶”与“善”之间的人性冲突体现的哥特式特征与中国的“人之初，性本善”相对，西方基督教义讲述的是“人之初，性本恶”，原罪论与人性堕落说就体现了这一点。

浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现

浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现爱伦·坡是19世纪欧美文学中的重要代表人物之一，他不仅以其恐怖和奇幻文学作品闻名全球，也开创了哥特式创作风格的先河。

哥特式创作是指通过刻画恐怖、诡异、暗黑等气氛，以及强调个体内心情感的表达来传递一种特殊的美学体验。

在爱伦·坡的作品中，哥特式创作手法得到了极大的体现。

首先，坡的作品中常常采用某些神秘元素作为引子，烘托出一种神秘、诡异的氛围。

例如《乌鸦》中乌鸦的叫声像一个幽灵在夜晚徘徊，而《黑猫》中黑猫营造的沉闷和压抑氛围都是哥特式创作手法的典型体现。

这种神秘元素的运用使得坡的作品极富诱惑力，让读者产生一种到底会发生什么事情的紧迫感。

其次，坡的作品强调人物的内心体验和情感刻画。

他通过刻画人物内心的幻想、恐惧、痛苦等情感，来加深作品中的哥特式氛围。

例如，在《安伯松先生谋杀案》中，读者通过主人公的描写，能够深入地感受到主人公内心深处的恐惧和不安，这种情感体现充分展现出了哥特式创作手法，也让读者更深入地痛感到学术探究的残酷性和人性的冷漠。

此外，坡的作品中经常出现幽暗、阴霾的色调和描绘高大、阴冷的建筑和街区，这些的视觉效果更直观地体现出哥特式创作风格。

这种写作手法使小说中的人物看来更加孤独，更加无助，这种感受在读者心中留下深刻的印象。

例如，阿瑟·高登医生在《黑猫》内，因为受到黑猫的威胁而被逼疯，他在幽暗的房间里，看到黑猫的幻觉，这实际上是阿瑟·高登自己心底的幻觉，强调了个体、个性和情绪的作用。

总之，爱伦·坡的作品中哥特式创作手法得到了充分的体现，他将恐怖和奇幻相结合，通过直观感官和内心心理等方面对恐惧进行刻画，创造出一种独特的文学美感。

在坡的作品中读者可以经历到身临其境的哥特式体验，感受到人性的复杂性和深度。

这种特殊的美学体验不但赏心悦目并且真正地用作家的文字助推着哥特风格的盛行。

简析爱伦·坡作品中的哥特式风格

统计与管理二○一五·十一百家争鸣简析爱伦·坡作品中的哥特式风格赵　阳摘　要：爱伦·坡的作品一直被众人津津乐道，究其原因不外乎是他在作品中所构建出的匪夷所思、离奇反常的情节，除此之外，哥特式风格也成为他恐怖小说的一大亮点。

关键词：哥特式　风格　恐怖DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-537X.2015.11.078埃德加·爱伦·坡是美国文学史上最具唯美倾向的作家，被称为是西方现代派文学的远祖、象征主义文学的鼻祖和西方推理小说的鼻祖。

他在理论上主张“为艺术而艺术”，“一切艺术的目的是娱乐，不是真理”，认为艺术要使读者获得刺激而达到灵魂的升华，因此他特别强调小说的艺术效果。

爱伦·坡在诗歌和小说方面的创作均有重要影响。

他的诗歌非常注重语言和形式美，刻意追求诗的“韵律”，基调低婉、忧郁。

他的小说大部分以死亡、凶杀、复仇为题材，继承了哥特式小说的传统手法，吸取了哥特式小说制造悬念和心理恐怖的全部技巧；同时，通过对于恐怖事物的描写和恐怖故事的叙述，揭示人的幻觉状态和变态心理，来探索人类思想的隐秘。

爱伦·坡的小说对美国的小说产生了很大的影响。

他的小说可以分为侦探推理小说和恐怖小说两大类。

侦探推理小说结构巧妙严谨，案件的破获完全依靠办案人员对案情的推理和对人心理活动的分析，重要的作品有《毛格街的谋杀案》、《金甲虫》、《你就是凶手》、《玛丽·罗杰疑案》和《窃信案》等，塑造了西方文学史上的第一个侦探形象——杜宾。

恐怖小说的重要作品有《厄舍古屋的倒塌》、《黑猫》、《泄密的心》、《红死魔的面具》等。

爱伦·坡最著名的文艺理论是“效果论”。

他主张死亡美学和恐怖美学。

他力图在自己的作品中先确立某种效果，再为追求这种效果而思考创作。

于是，哥特式风格就成为他创造“效果”的前提和保障，同时也成为他恐怖小说的一大亮点。

爱伦·坡小说的哥特式风格主要体现在小说的故事情节和小说场景氛围铺垫两个方面。

埃德加·爱伦·坡写作风格是怎样的？有着怎样的创作特点

埃德加·爱伦·坡写作风格是怎样的？有着怎样的创作特点本文导读：爱伦·坡的恐怖小说带有浪漫主义的特色。

纵观爱伦·坡的恐怖小说创作，其故事主题大都“揭示了人类意识及潜意识中的阴暗面”，这一点显然迥异于同时代的其他浪漫主义作家。

爱伦·坡以恐怖小说这样一种特殊的文学形式深入刻画与呈现了非现实状态下人的精神状态和心理特征，试图“以非现实、非理性的表达方式来揭示现代人的精神因顿”。

他借助想象奇特、恐怖怪异的故事情节，通过夸张、隐喻和象征等修辞手段表现人性的危机，激起读者浓厚阅读兴趣的同时，震撼心灵，发人深省。

爱伦·坡的创作原则是其“效果说”理论，他选择“死亡”作为其文学创作的主题是由他的这个创作原则决定的。

坡认为，无论是创作诗歌还是小说，作家必须讲究效果的统一，必须时刻想到预定的结局，要使每一个情节变得必不可少。

他在《评霍桑的“故事重述”》中曾经这样阐述自己的创作原则：“聪明的艺术家不是将自己的思想纳入他的情节，而是事先精心策划，想出某种独特的、与众不同的效果，然后再杜撰出这样一些情节——他把这些情节联结起来，而他所做的一切都将最大限度地有利于实现在预先构思的效果”。

使“每一事件，每一描写细节，甚至一字一句都收到一定的统一效果，一个预想的效果，印象主义的效果”。

他强调作品对读者所能唤起的情绪和产生的效果。

在“创作的哲学”中，他认为，故事的首要目的是要在情感上扣住读者的心弦，产生最激动人心的效果。

死亡主题是通过谨严紧凑的结构和作品的简洁而表现的。

爱伦坡的作品形式精美，技巧圆熟。

爱伦坡在《评霍桑的“故事重述”》里，强调了作品的简洁和统一效果。

在写作中，他还平萍理留情节和结构的高度简洁，小说中通常只有两个，最多三个人物，也没有离题的枝节和无关的装饰品。

在他看来，一位技巧高明的文学家在写作之前，必须成竹在胸，深思熟虑，为实现预期效果而选择和组织情节，并且不应该有一个词的意向直接或间接与预先的构思无关。

[浅谈爱伦.坡短篇小说的艺术特色] 爱伦·坡短篇小说

[浅谈爱伦.坡短篇小说的艺术特色] 爱伦·坡短篇小说摘要本文结合美国19世纪作家爱伦・坡短篇小说的特点和对世界文学的影响，就其短篇小说创作的叙事艺术、文体艺术与风格艺术的形成以及在作品中对这些艺术的营造三个方面进行了论述，旨在探讨爱・伦坡小说的唯美艺术特色。

关键词：爱伦・坡短篇小说艺术特色 中图分类号：I106文献标识码：A 爱伦・坡是被誉为文坛怪杰的美国19世纪作家。

其大量诗歌及短篇小说一直受到广泛的关注，尤其是他的短篇小说，以其神秘感、恐怖感引起越来越多的研究者和文学爱好者的兴趣。

在创作理念上，爱伦・坡勇于创新，大力修正哥特小说的流行模式，充分践行其“效果说”理论，积极追求使用双重化的艺术，营造出强烈的艺术效果。

回顾爱伦・坡的创作生涯及其在文学史上激起的一次次批评热情，我们不得不再次探究爱伦・坡在短篇小说创作中所使用的艺术策略。

一叙事艺术特色 在文学旨趣上，爱伦・坡一直主张由心境所支配、以效果为旨趣的短篇。

他不惜调动一切艺术手段，采用一切可以烘托和营造气氛的细节，使作品叙事特色产生巨大的艺术感染力。

1 以第一人称为叙事视角 从叙事学的角度来考察爱伦・坡的短篇小说，不难发现他几乎所有的作品都是以第一人称视觉进行叙述的：第一人称叙述者“我”往往既是叙述者，又是故事人物；既可以是故事主人公，又可以是故事事件的旁观者。

而叙述视觉的一大特点是使叙述产生强烈的切身性，“会给小说营造出一种客观的真实效果”。

2 以设置悬念为叙事手段 在美国的短篇小说发展史上，爱伦・坡是第一个有意识将短篇小说作为独立文学体裁来写的作家，并提出了短篇小说的创作理论。

当时的作家普遍认为，作品的人物性格随故事发展而变化。

爱伦·坡短篇小说的叙事风格分析

爱伦·坡短篇小说的叙事风格分析【摘要】19世纪著名作家埃德加?爱伦?坡的短篇小说在文学发展过程中有着里程碑式的意义。

爱伦?坡在他四十岁离开人世前一共创作了六七十篇短篇小说，在这些短篇小说中形成了自己“独一无二”的叙事风格，开创了诸多先河，达到了前无古人、后者难追的高度。

笔者将在本文对爱伦?坡短篇小说独特的叙事风格进行分析，探求厘清这种独特风格形成的深层次原因，同时解读出其中的美学意义。

【关键词】爱伦?坡；叙事风格；恐怖；死亡文献标识码：A美国著名的小说家、诗人和评论家埃德加?爱伦?坡，是一位在美国文学史乃至世界文学史上一颗耀眼的明星。

与他生前不受待见相反的是后世对他的评价极高，尊称他为侦探小说鼻祖、科幻小说先驱之一、恐怖小说大师、象征主义先驱之一以及唯美主义者等，肯定了他在文学创作上的成就。

英国享负盛名的文学家萧伯纳曾这样说道：“美国出了两个伟大的作家一一埃德加?爱伦?坡和马克?吐温。

”爱伦?坡以开创性的文学风格为人类文学领域开辟了新的道路，对后世影响极大，深刻地影响了全世界数代作家的文学风格。

爱伦?坡是一个文学全才，小说、诗歌和文学论著等都是他擅长的文学领域，并且在这些领域里都颇有建树。

其中，短篇小说最为后世所称道，他的短篇小说大致包括恐怖心理小说、推理小说、科幻小说和幽默讽刺小说四种类型，其中又以恐怖心理小说最为独特。

爱伦?坡的短篇小说多数是恐怖心理小说，题材以死亡和奇幻灵异事件为主，偏好光怪陆离、邪魅阴森的哥特式风格。

他以恐怖心理小说这种文学形式和独特的哥特式文学风格深入表现出人在非现实状态下的心理活动和心理状态，揭示了人性的阴暗面，从而呈现出当下现实社会中人们已经异化了的心理状态：孤独、恐惧、焦虑、烦恼、绝望等。

爱伦?坡的短篇小说有着独树一帜的叙事风格，笔者总结了以下几方面：一、第一人称的叙事视角因为第三人称叙事被绝大多数文字第一人称的叙事视角与爱伦?坡一贯的小说题材是十分切合的。

EdgarAllanPOE爱伦坡的写作艺术特色

山西师范大学现代文理学院本科毕业论文爱伦﹒坡恐怖小说的写作艺术特色姓名：王丽霞系别：外语专业：英语班级：1103学号：**********指导老师：***答辩日期：成绩：内容摘要：爱伦坡的恐怖小说因深刻的颓废之美，怪异，忧郁而闻名。

本文通过分析埃德加·爱伦·坡最具代表性的恐怖小说,可以探知作者的心灵式恐怖。

埃德加·爱伦·坡的小说明显继承了传统哥特文学。

随着对哥特式文学独创性的继承，创作出属于他的独一无二的恐怖小说。

同时，在他恐怖小说中呈现出的写作特色包括象征手法，渲染手法，第一人称叙事角度。

运用心理分析法分析神秘，隐晦的象征手法，理解其具体意义和它是如何激发读者的想象力，使读者在想象中体验恐惧的魅力。

对色彩，环境的渲染使得恐怖故事具有阴暗，恐怖的画面感。

第一人称的叙事角度，使得故事变得更加逼真，贴近读者，让读者直面血淋淋的场景。

这些手法的应用，顺利解决了恐怖小说创作中推进情节和制造恐怖感的难题。

对爱伦·坡恐怖小说写作特色的分析会帮助读者更好地理解他的书和思想。

关键词：爱伦坡恐怖小说写作艺术特色AbstractEdgar Allan Poe‟s horrible fictions are well-known for a profound beauty of decadence, grotesque and gloom. In this paper, through analyzing the most representative American writer Edgar Allan Poe‟s horror fictions, we can touch the writer‟s uncanny world. Edgar Allan P oe‟s fiction s obviously inherit from the traditional Gothic literature. Poe, with his ingenious inheritance from Gothicism, created a unique style for his horrible tales. At the same time, his writing characteristics including symbolism, rendering technique and the first person visual angel are presented in most of his horrible stories. Using the psychological analysis to analyze the mysterious and obscure symbolism, to understand its specific meaning, and how to arouse the readers' imagination, which makes readers experience the glamour of the fear. Rendering of the colors, environment makes the horror stories with dark, terror sense of pictures. First-person narrative point of view makes the story become more realistic and close to the reader confronted the bloody scene. Application of these techniques successfully solved the problem of advancing the plot and producing terror feelings in the creation of horror fiction. Analyzing Poe ‟ s writing artistic features will certainly help people to understand his book and thoughts.Key words :Edgar Allan Poe horror fictions writing artistic characteristicsContentI. Introduction (1)II. Gothic Features (2)A. The Definition of the Term “Gothic” (2)a. The character‟s horror actions……………………………………….3.b. The scene settings (3)c. The theme of death (3)B. The Creation of the Gothic Literature……………………………….5. III. SymbolismA. The Definition of Symbolism (5)a. Scene images (6)b. Color images (6)c. Animals images (7)B. Analysis Symbol From Psychology (7)a. From Sigmund Freud‟s Theory………………………………………....7.b. From Aristotle‟s Theory (9)IV. Rendering T echniqueA. The Specific Application of Rendering Technique (9)Ｖ．Writing From First PersonＡ.The specific Application of First Person (10)VI. Conclusion (11)Work citedThe Writing Artistic Characteristics In Edgar Allan Poe’s Horror FictionsI. Introduction.Not a passion is more direct touch the soul of human than fear. We can deeply realize the frightened soul, and totally immerse in terror tales which created by Poe. Dangerous actually does not exist, but Edgar Allan Poe used his gifted imagination and narrative skills to show them with specific subtle details. With the degree of terror upgrading, the panics make readers immersive.Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849) is one of the most outstanding writers in American three prominent terror novelists. He is the American 19th century author of fiction, poet, literary critic, journalist, editor. His poetry and fictions have been attracted extensive attention from all over the world, especially his horror fictions, with its mystery, terror attracts more and more researchers‟ interest. In his tales, he created an integrated mysterious and terrible atmosphere, and achieved thrilling effect. He is good at using fantasy to express his awake and wise, and a meditation of life. As the notable English writer George Bernard Shaw once said, the United States has two great writers, Edgar Allan Poe and Mark Twain. "Poe's greatness lies in his was the first one to start digging human consciousness is the deepest darkness in the field of people." (常耀信Chang Yaoxin)Once there are many conventional people feel hard to accept this kind of weird protagonists for they are used to reading that encouraging stories that full of love and hope. He was misunderstood by his contemporaries and their followers for a long time. Mark Twain thought Poe‟s prose hard to be readable. However, now his works both attract readers, and let the reader feel the narrator‟s sometimes lucid, sometimes maniacal abnormal mind. He believed “art for art‟s sake”. His theory of effects and unity and the techniques he used in his tales have influenced most writer after him, especially the detective writers. The authors explored two extremes, the people‟s good or evil, reason or mania, and strove to depict the intermediate zone between the two extremes. In his works, Poe confused boundaries between reason and mania, the difference between waking anddream. Beauty and terror, fear and pleasure that are accompanied with each other.II. Gothic Features.A. The Definition of the Term “Gothic”.Gothic literature is a collection of terror and romantic literature. Edgar Allan Poe 's horror fiction not only inherited the traditional Gothic novel writing pattern, but also develop a unique Gothic novel writing style. The origin of the "Gothic" can be traced back to the word "Goths" , which initially described the Germanic tribes of the most deadly, savage branch. And the "Gothic style" is used to describe French church architectures of the 11th century, and its characteristics are high taper steeples, high arch windows, colored glasses and internal gloomy environments. The Gothic novel originated in Britain in the late 18th century. The Castle of Otranto(1764) written by Horace Walpole established the model of the early classical Gothic novel. Since then, this writing style attracted many people to imitate, and extended to the whole Europe and the United States. Ed gar Allan Poe are the most significant among the representative personages in the early Gothic novel.The Gothic novel has strong appeals to readers, for its profound psychological and the aesthetic sources. The psychology of the Gothic novel is based on a sense of fear and curiosity by nature. When readers are reading Gothic stories, they usually have a strong experience of fear, of being personally on the scene and do not worry their own safety at the same time. Readers have a experience of imagination themselves or replace the characters, or as a participant, or as a spectator, and with the development of events in the works, readers complete adventures travel of mind. There is no any cost of adventure. Modern people and ancestors are both keen to ancient monsters, popular legends and appalling and scary ghost stories. Although people will be afraid of them, but they still want to find stimulation. Human curiosity, the demand of fear and safety, and the demand of courageous hero are all meet in the Gothic novels. When society people are feeling depressed, this kind of work is popular in the market.The Gothic novel, fundamentally speaking, is the past and present negative reaction of comfortable, safe political stability and the commercial prosperity.The most important thing is that it resists rational control. Therefore, the hero is usually violent and cruel in theGothic novel, which plots are bloody and violent, and often happened in the past, especially in the middle ages, and used castles, ruins or wilderness as the background. The plot is weird and horrific, and often with a mysterious supernatural, giving people the most strong fears of the soul and visual stimulation.a.the character‟s terror actionThe Gothic novels ‟characters was oppressed by social and secular vision for a long-time, so they usually became insane and crazy. Such as Heathcliff in the Wuthering heights. And in Edgar Allan Poe ‟ s novels, hero usually became vicious brutality in that inexplicable fear in his inner world.In a Bucket of White Wine, he deceived Fortunato to his home cellar and killed him, who once insulted him.In the Black Cat, the author describes the actions of killing the black cat and his wife.“Slowly I took a knife from my pocket, opened it, and then carefully cut out one of Pluto‟s eyes from its socket.”and when the hero killed his wife, he thought that he could cut the body up into very small pieces and then burn them in a fire, and that he could put the body in a box and then ask someone to carry the box away.Moreover, in the Tell-Tale Heart, Poe depicted this cruel pictures: “ First , I cut it into pieces. I cut off the head and the arms and the legs. I then took up there boards from the wooden floor, and hid the body underneath.”b. the scene settingsUnder the traditional Gothic novel, the choice of the scene is very common. They were likely to select a bleak and isolated places, such as castles, cellars, cemetery, as the scene of the story. And Edgar Allan Poe also had an obsession with the theme of death. Poe was good at using his unique imagination, with the help of a grim scenario, to strengthen the result of the terror. Poe insisted that this closed, dark environment can expose human nature and desire and show human irrational world.c. the theme of deathBecause the Gothic novels itself is from the eerie, dark and mysterious architectural style, its contents are generally violence, murder, fornication, etc. The death of death isthe eternal theme in the Gothic novels, of course, which is Edgar Allan Poe's most beloved. When the terrible incidents happened, there are often accompanied with some characters ‟s death. Before Poe, the author Lewis created a novel Monastery whose plots contained killing one with maltreatment, which is the landmark work in the Gothic novels. Therefore Poe inherited these kinds of plot from the former writer. Edgar Allan Poe‟s life is suffered form a series of blows and grief, so he can more deeply understand the theme of death.For Poe, death is not a natural fact, but an accident which people could not control when it happens. Death means a new lease of life and a transcending. It has a super organic meaning.(Poe‟s Aesthetic Perspectives of Beauty in Art , Life and Death. 潘蕾2006，April，26页)A bucket of white wine is the most representative and typical revenge of the theme of death. Avengers Monterroso knew a lot about his enemy Fortunato as his profound hatred in his heart. He held on to others fatal weakness, which is human common weakness, vanity, and he knew that Fortunato …s biggest weakness is that he considered himself as a reviewer of good wines. Monterroso pretended a worship, friendly, warm and affectionate heart in surface, but actually hidden dangers and set a trap.In the Masque of the Red Death, death seems to be doomed and invincible. In the shadow of death, people are panic, hysterical, and despair hidden under the carnival. As "the Red Death" spread in the whole city, half the people of this country had already died from it. In order to avoid the plague, the fearless prince Prospero invite a thousand of his brave and strong friends to stay with him in a castle, far out in the countryside. The castle had a strong high walls and great gates of heavy metal. They all thought that they fled to a safety place far away from the Red Death. That forms an obvious contrast: outside wall is red death world, life itself yet was inside the castle. The contrast of death and life, and the close distance of them let a person have no way to retreat and make people crazy. Party held in seven rooms, but the seventh room was the most frightening for its walls were black, carpet was also black, but its windows were a deep blood-red. No one can enter into this black room that represented the domain of the death and meant people‟s deep fear. Every time as the clock slowly rang the twelve long chimes of midnight, it remindedrevelers of the coming of death and let their hearts experience death's powerful and oppression at every moment.B. The Creation of the Gothic Literature.Edgar Allan Poe made a bold innovation of the Gothic literature, turned the horrors of the Gothic novel into mental horror,and revealed the human inner fear.Poe once wrote his mental terror in the preface of Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque. If the theme in many of his story has always been a terror, he insisted that the terror is not German type, but a type of mind. He deduced such terror just from reasonable source, and simply made the tendency of reasonable results.In the Gothic novels, Poe made innovations in the structure of the form. The characteristics of the progressive type structure is obvious, clear, and easy to narrate. Along with the advancement of the story, the narrative rhythm speeding up, the plot is becoming more and more exciting to achieve climax under the atmosphere of terror. In Poe 's horror fictions, he further developed the progressive structure. Using the first person in order to recall the past things according to chronological order. Narration stratification makes the development of tales particular attracted, and mysterious. In the novel of William Wilson, using the structure of the progressive type tells the story of “I”in chronological order. “I”go to school met a student whose name and birthday is the same as me. And he was always opposing me. So "I" became more and more wild. After fighting again and again, “I” killed “another I”.He revealed the evil in human nature. In the second half of the 19th century America, the beautiful art still occupied the dominant position. Until the last century, the principle of beauty and ugliness was introduced to the modernism art. A large number of literature and art creators tried to reveal the contradictions of society and life from the opposite side. Edgar Allan Poe 's works existed a lot of ugliness, and also broke through the traditional aesthetics. Poe‟s aesthetic innovation exceeded other contemporary writers.III. Symbolism.A. The Definition of SymbolismThe symbolism is an artistic technique that expresses similar emotions and thoughtswith the specific image that easily associated. So-called objective image is through different emotional activities to create a kind of artistic image. In other words, it is an objective image that used to express objective emotions. Poe was influenced by British romanticism and German idealism aesthetic. So Poe is keen on singular weird things that in his view are not terrible, but a beauty of the bizarre. Poe fully utilized his genius, to create one by one significant and profound images. He used some animals or things to represent the abstract concept, which can be divided into the following category.a. Scene images.The ancient castle in the Masque of the Red Death, the dark damp underground wine cellar in a Bucket of White Wine, the bleak old house in the Fall of the House of Usher are scene images. Airtight, isolated and bleak scene image produces a depressive environment, and impacts the protagonist's psychological feelings and spirit.After reading the Fall of the House of Usher I was scared for a long time. At first sight, it seems to be an abnormal emotional story, but the image setting not stayed on the surface meaning, but gave it more complex and deeper meaning. The house of usher symbolic meaning is that it gave birth to the old family, but at the same time closed itself, also closed its owner. And the House of Usher is on behalf of both the collapsed building and the family. In the end, the house and its owner both ruined. The characteristics of the house are similar to the temperament of the hero. To achieve the effect of the unified theory, Edgar Allan Poe integrated the scene image with hero‟s temperament. The melancholy House of Usher shows the protagonist's mental state with great pain.b. Color imageIt is badly common to use color as the image in Poe ‟s horror novels. Red and black were also his favorite color images. He chose them for red is the color of blood and black is a symbol of death. In the Masque of the Red Death, the seventh room was black and its walls were black, its thick, heavy carpet was also black. But its windows were a deep blood-red. For each fire was opposite a window, so in the black room the firelight that shone through the blood-red window changed the room into something too horrible to describe. And as the fires burned brighter, the colors and shapes in this room became morehorrible than ever.In the fall of the house of Usher, the black tapestry, the dark silent lake, in the tell-tale heart,the dark lantern, the old man had a pale, blue eyes that all brought people greatly unease and panic. Whether black cat or the dark House of Usher are both filled with so much color images that produced more horrific feelings.c. Animal imageIn the book of the Black Cat , this title laid an ominous tone for the full story. The black cat is not a simple "object", but a prominent horror, which makes the hero in fear all the time, also gives the readers a kind of fear of excitement and pleasure. In the West, the ominous black cat is the embodiment of the witch and a symbol of evil. The name of the black cat, Pluto, was originally the name of the hell and the ruler of the underworld in the ancient Greek mythology. Pluto often made a sinister sound. Edgar Allan Poe designed the Black Cat as title and Pluto as the name of the cat, which the aim is to create an terrible atmosphere. As shown in the ending, the black cat led to a end, “ On top of her head, with a red, open mouth and one burning eye, sat the black cat - the animal which has had made me a murderer, and which would now send me to death.”When the first cat hanged in a few days later, there appeared another black cat that like Pluto, but a white mark on its chest. The white mark of the chest showed the shape of the gallows, which made the hero frighten. The white mark reminded his crimes, aroused his guilt, and became the symbol of his crimes.In short, Poe not only simple inherited the death and gloomy aesthetic orientation, violent plots in the Gothic literature but also innovated the Gothic writing techniques, and more strove to explore people‟s inner world.B. Analysis Symbol From Psychologya. From Sigmund Freud‟s Theory.Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic personality theory focuses on the study of human unconscious mental activity. Freudian theory of human psyche is a kind of"understanding people's motivation, personality, mental activity of science." It has a huge influences on many areas in modern western society. Among them, the three-level personality structurepoints out that the imbalance of ego, id or the self, superego will lead to mental illness and personality disorder."The self", or the subconscious mind, is the most basic part of the personality structure and lies in the deepest heart, representing the most primitive, instinctive impulse and desire. Id follows the principles of happiness that do not have any moral, ethical and value factors. It is easily impulsive, but can be controlled and regulated. "The ego" is from “the id”and is the executor of the personality. It is the medium that contact with the outside world according to actual condition to adjust the id and the superego and it does things according to the moral principles. "The superego" is a manager in the personality structure, and is on behalf of the social moral standards. Since there always exists the opposite between the superego and the id, ego needs to coordinate the contradictions between the id and the superego.Only the id, ego and superego arrive balance, can a person's spiritual world be normal. If they don't balance, they can cause abnormal mentality and personality distortion.Poe probed the most secret unconscious and subconscious mental activities that showed a person‟s mentality from abnormal to breakdown.Poe's psychological description is vivid, natural and frank. Through psychological activities, we can see the ugliness and evil of human nature, and have a profound introspection and the purification of the soul.In the book of the Black Cat,when the hero‟s superego is unable to suppress and prevent id‟s violent impulse, violent nature that hidden in the depths of the protagonist subconscious began to do evil things. So one day the hero committed unforgivable crimes under the uncontrolled evil thoughts. Later, protagonist and his superego was tormented by criminal facts. Every time he remember that day he killed the cat, he still feel sadness and pain. As a result of the need to self hurt self, people often know that we should not do but still done something stupid or evil. In this novel, Poe went into the most deep place of the human consciousness that showed the evil instinct in a person's unconscious.Usher lived in the house of usher where full of despair for a long time, and only had a sister. The intolerable darkness, and desolate, terrible, bleak atmosphere gradually eroded and distorted Usher‟s spirit. And because id overindulgence made he fornicate with his sister, he felt deeply regret, fear, anxiety and guilt. Because of id indulgence, superego will severely punish id.It is difficult to achieve balance for these three parts which are always contradictory and not harmonious in the personality structure, so everyone more or less have somemental illness that symptoms severity or lighter. The objective environment make the readers realize the psychological development of health and personality molding auxiliary need good environment, including family environments, school environments, social environments, etc. Ego should coordinate the relationship between the id and the superego, and should emphasize the guidance and warning role of superego and should make decisions according to the social ethics and common sense.b. From the theory of effects and unifyIn "the review of H awthorne’s twice told tales" (the review of Hawthorne 's twice told tales. 1840) he explained his creation principles. He thought a clever writer not put his own thoughts into his plot, but planned in advance and created a unique distinctive effect, and then fabricated some plots and contacted with these plots. All these things are in order to realize the theory of effect and unify. He believed that the work should be a harmonious unity. From beginning to end, every detail, every plot, each place, even every sentence, every word should achieve a unified effect.Based on his famous creation principle of theory of the effect and unify. Through his elaborate conception and clever arrangement, he created the unique aesthetic effects, and aesthetic values.In the novels, name is not random, but carefully chosen for the ultimate horror effects. The pronunciation of Fortunato is similar with fortunate, and Pluto is the name of the hell in ancient Greek mythology.IV. Rendering TechniqueA. The Specific Application of Rendering TechniqueIn Poe 's horror fictions, both the depiction of psychology, environment, and all kinds of horrible death way in the novels, give one impression of terror. In the fall of the house of usher, Poe portrayed“I looked up at the old house with its high stone walls and narrow windows. I looked around at the thin dry grass and the old dying trees, and sick, and could not think of one happy thought to chase away my gloom.”Thus we can see, His works through rendering environment, such as old house, high stone walls, narrow windows, thin dry grass, old dying tree, to emphasize the decline of the surrounding environment, which makes people feel that life is fragile and prepares for the next horrible plot.In the Fall of the House of Usher, about seven or eight days after they had put LadyMadeleine‟s coffin in the vault. Outside, there was a storm which was growing wilder. “I”could hear some low sounds from somewhere inside the house. And then Poe described the violent storm as the follow that made people feel much tension.“T he wind from the violent storm outside crashed into the room, nearly knocking us to the floor. It was, indeed, a wild, but strangely beautiful night. The wind seemed to be going in circles around the house, and huge, heavy black clouds chased each other, first this way, then that way. We could see no moon and no stars, but a pale ghostly light lay around the house.”At that moment, “I”read a wild, fantastic story whose plot is Ethelred breaking the old man‟s door, the cry of the dragon, and the falling of the gates. This story the hero read enhanced the tense atmosphere. And then the plot arrived the climax. Usher‟s body began to shake, and a sickly smile came over his lips. He said that he had put Madeleine alive into a coffin. At the end of this story, Poe depicted this picture “O utside, the storm was still violent and as I ran past the lake, a sudden wild light shone around me......There was a long shouting sound, like the voice of a thousand waters, and the deep dark lake closed over the broken pieces of the House of Usher.”which made everything disappeared and the story full of the breath of despairing.Ｖ．Writing From First PersonＡ．The specific Application of First PersonIt's not hard to find that the first person in narration in Poe 's horror fictions. From the perspective of the reader, applying the first person to give readers a real feeling, to stimulate reading interest, and to build a kind of objective real effect. While from the author himself, using the first person in narrating the experience of gruesome story can objectively present and tell the hero's thoughts and behaviors. This way can let article write fluently and better analyze the narrator own mental condition. Poe seemed to be a prophet of god, and know the development of all things.In the novel William Wilson, a series of events experienced by the author with "I" as the main content, he also let readers feel that has really happened , and leave the deep impression.In the beginning of the Tell-Tale Heart,“I could hear all things, things in this world and things in heaven. I heard many things in hell, too. So how can I be mad?”The "I" repeatedly stressed he is not crazy, normal mental, how people have a normal mental to kill the old man suffered from cataract? When the police asked what has happened, “I”heard the noise of the old man‟s noise of beating heart becoming louder and clearer, and then “I”collapsed, told the police that the corpse was under the floor. If “I” didn't hear that beating heart, I can escape from the pain of heart, and legal sanctions, but “I”heard this horrible noise was bigger and bigger, “I” argued, “I” walked up and down the room, “I” felt that “I”must scream or die. Finally, “I” can not stand it and accept the realistic punishment.“We humans seem to like hurting ourselves. Haven‟t we all, a hundred times, done something stupid or evil just because we know that we should not do it? ”He borrowed "I" in The Black Cat to briefly analyze people ‟ s criminal mentality, and show that the dark inner corner of the man.IV. ConclusionPoe lived in America where the whole country was filled with hope of life in the second half of the 19th century, however, he focused on the death, and the darkness. Edgar Allan Poe 's works not only improved the depth and breadth in literature, and promoted the development of the romanticism, but also studied social concerned psychological problems now. Poe by means of describing the terror to express his view on the good and evil, to expose meditation and inner struggle in the modern western. As a successor and innovator of traditional Gothic literature, he has become a significant writer in American literature. He used techniques such as symbol, rendering, the first person visual single in his tales to create a stunning success. Edgar Allan Poe's strove to explore the secrets of the human mind, and explored the limits of human psychology. He showed that beauty is not a kind of nature, but make the readers feel strong sense of pleasure from horror and let readers enjoy them.。

浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现

浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现爱伦·坡是19世纪初期哥特式文学的代表人物之一，他的作品不仅具有浓厚的恐怖氛围，而且还融入了哥特式的创作手法。

哥特式文学是一种具有强烈感性色彩的文学，依靠恐怖、神秘和惊悚等元素来创造紧张的氛围，给读者带来强烈的情感震撼。

本文旨在分析爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法的体现。

一、独特的叙事方式爱伦·坡的小说通常采用第一人称叙事，通过主人公的口述来刻画人物的性格、经历和情感。

这种叙事方式可以让读者更加深入地了解主人公的内心世界，同时也增加了故事的真实感和可信度。

此外，爱伦·坡的小说中还常常采用回顾的叙事方式，通过主人公的回忆或思考来交代故事的前因后果，使整个故事更加紧凑和连贯。

二、虚构的故事背景哥特式文学中的故事背景往往是虚构的、神秘的和恐怖的。

爱伦·坡的小说同样采用了这种手法，他创造了许多惊悚的场景，如布满蜘蛛网的城堡、黑暗的地下室和神秘的森林等。

这些场景不仅增加了故事的神秘感和紧张感，而且还提醒读者小说中的故事是虚构的，不是真实的世界，从而使读者更加深入地体验小说带来的刺激和快感。

三、恐怖的元素哥特式文学中最为显著的特征就是恐怖的元素。

爱伦·坡在其小说中也注重恐怖元素的运用，包括死亡、暴力、怪物、鬼魂等等。

例如《黑猫》中的主人公就通过杀害自己的宠物猫展现出了他内心深处的恶毒和邪恶。

这种恐怖元素的运用不仅增加了读者的紧张感和惊悚感，而且还可以让读者更加深入地了解主人公的性格和内心世界。

四、诗一般的语言哥特式文学的语言具有特殊的艺术美感，通常采用华丽繁复、诗一般的语言来展现故事情节。

爱伦·坡的小说同样采用了这种华丽的语言风格，通过音韵、节奏和韵律等手法来创造小说中特有的艺术感。

此外，爱伦·坡的小说中还经常采用视觉形象进行描写，让读者更加深刻地感受到小说中的恐怖和神秘感。

以上四点就是爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法的体现。

爱伦坡的文学功力和影响力

爱伦坡的文学功力和影响力爱伦坡（Edgar Allan Poe）是美国19世纪初期最富有争议性的作家之一。

他生活在一个古怪、孤傲而寂寞的世界里，写出了许多令人印象深刻、耐人寻味的短篇小说和诗歌。

他的作品被称为恐怖文学的奠基之作，而恐怖文学也成为了一个独立的文学领域，并对之后的文学作品产生了巨大影响。

一、爱伦坡的文学功力1. 独特的写作风格爱伦坡的作品最大的特点之一，就是他独特的写作风格。

他善于运用有力的形象和引人入胜的情节，配以精致的修辞和大量的象征主义，使得他的作品在读者心中留下了深刻的印象。

如《红死病的七个房间》中的七个不同色彩的房间，象征着人生七个不同的时期，透露出爱伦坡对时间和生命的看法。

2. 精湛的叙事技巧爱伦坡的叙事技巧也是许多人称道的地方。

他擅长通过非线性叙事、动态多元视角、炫目的想象力和奇妙的气氛营造等手法，把读者带入一个扭曲而又具有诗意的故事世界。

如他的名作《起死回生》中，通过众多的暗示和符号，最终揭示了主人公实际上已经死亡的事实，而这也是爱伦坡最著名的故事之一。

3. 深邃的思想内涵爱伦坡的作品不止是恐怖小说或奇幻故事，更是蕴含着深邃的思想内涵。

他对人类本性的探索、对神秘力量的追求、对生命和死亡的思考，都贯穿于他的作品中，使得读者不仅可以在惊悚的氛围中得到乐趣，也可以在思考中获得启示。

二、爱伦坡的影响力1. 对文学的影响爱伦坡在19世纪初期的文学发展中起了巨大的作用。

他的作品在当时并不受欢迎，但在后来受到了广泛的赞誉和追捧。

他创造了新的文学形式和风格，使得短篇小说和恐怖文学成为主流。

他也是最早的推理小说家之一，“福尔摩斯”作者柯南道尔就曾称他为“推理小说之父”。

2. 对流行文化的影响爱伦坡的作品不仅仅是文学，更是成为了流行文化的重要元素。

他的作品被改编成电影、电视剧、动画和游戏等多个领域，成为了越来越多年轻人的文化消费品。

3. 对心理学的影响爱伦坡所写的许多作品都探索了人类心理的黑暗面，进而影响了心理学的发展。

Edgar Allan POE爱伦坡的写作艺术特色

山西师范大学现代文理学院本科毕业论文爱伦﹒坡恐怖小说的写作艺术特色姓名：王丽霞系别：外语专业：英语班级：1103学号：1190030315指导老师：***答辩日期：成绩：内容摘要：爱伦坡的恐怖小说因深刻的颓废之美，怪异，忧郁而闻名。

本文通过分析埃德加·爱伦·坡最具代表性的恐怖小说,可以探知作者的心灵式恐怖。

埃德加·爱伦·坡的小说明显继承了传统哥特文学。

随着对哥特式文学独创性的继承，创作出属于他的独一无二的恐怖小说。

同时，在他恐怖小说中呈现出的写作特色包括象征手法，渲染手法，第一人称叙事角度。

运用心理分析法分析神秘，隐晦的象征手法，理解其具体意义和它是如何激发读者的想象力，使读者在想象中体验恐惧的魅力。

对色彩，环境的渲染使得恐怖故事具有阴暗，恐怖的画面感。

第一人称的叙事角度，使得故事变得更加逼真，贴近读者，让读者直面血淋淋的场景。

这些手法的应用，顺利解决了恐怖小说创作中推进情节和制造恐怖感的难题。

对爱伦·坡恐怖小说写作特色的分析会帮助读者更好地理解他的书和思想。

关键词：爱伦坡恐怖小说写作艺术特色AbstractEdgar Allan Poe’s horrible fictions are well-known for a profound beauty of decadence, grotesque and gloom. In this paper, through analyzing the most representative American writer Edgar Allan Poe’s horror fictions, we can touch the writer’s uncanny world. Edgar Allan P oe’s fiction s obviously inherit from the traditional Gothic literature. Poe, with his ingenious inheritance from Gothicism, created a unique style for his horrible tales. At the same time, his writing characteristics including symbolism, rendering technique and the first person visual angel are presented in most of his horrible stories. Using the psychological analysis to analyze the mysterious and obscure symbolism, to understand its specific meaning, and how to arouse the readers' imagination, which makes readers experience the glamour of the fear. Rendering of the colors, environment makes the horror stories with dark, terror sense of pictures. First-person narrative point of view makes the story become more realistic and close to the reader confronted the bloody scene. Application of these techniques successfully solved the problem of advancing the plot and producing terror feelings in the creation of horror fiction. Analyzing Poe ’ s writing artistic features will certainly help people to understand his book and thoughts.Key words :Edgar Allan Poe horror fictions writing artistic characteristicsContentI. Introduction (1)II. Gothic Features (2)A. The Definition of the Term “Gothic” (2)a. The character’s horror actions……………………………………….3.b. The scene settings (3)c. The theme of death (3)B. The Creation of the Gothic Literature……………………………….5. III. SymbolismA. The Definition of Symbolism (5)a. Scene images (6)b. Color images (6)c. Animals images (7)B. Analysis Symbol From Psychology (7)a. From Sigmund Freud’s Theory………………………………………....7.b. From Aristotle’s Theory (9)IV. Rendering TechniqueA. The Specific Application of Rendering Technique (9)Ｖ．Writing From First PersonＡ.The specific Application of First Person (10)VI. Conclusion (11)Work citedThe Writing Artistic Characteristics In Edgar Allan Poe’s Horror FictionsI. Introduction.Not a passion is more direct touch the soul of human than fear. We can deeply realize the frightened soul, and totally immerse in terror tales which created by Poe. Dangerous actually does not exist, but Edgar Allan Poe used his gifted imagination and narrative skills to show them with specific subtle details. With the degree of terror upgrading, the panics make readers immersive.Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849) is one of the most outstanding writers in American three prominent terror novelists. He is the American 19th century author of fiction, poet, literary critic, journalist, editor. His poetry and fictions have been attracted extensive attention from all over the world, especially his horror fictions, with its mystery, terror attracts more and more researchers’ interest. In his tales, he created an integrated mysterious and terrible atmosphere, and achieved thrilling effect. He is good at using fantasy to express his awake and wise, and a meditation of life. As the notable English writer George Bernard Shaw once said, the United States has two great writers, Edgar Allan Poe and Mark Twain. "Poe's greatness lies in his was the first one to start digging human consciousness is the deepest darkness in the field of people." (常耀信Chang Yaoxin)Once there are many conventional people feel hard to accept this kind of weird protagonists for they are used to reading that encouraging stories that full of love and hope. He was misunderstood by his contemporaries and their followers for a long time. Mark Twain thought Poe’s prose hard to be readable. However, now his works both attract readers, and let the reader feel the narrator’s sometimes lucid, sometimes maniacal abnormal mind. He believed “art for art’s sake”. His theory of effects and unity and the techniques he used in his tales have influenced most writer after him, especially the detective writers. The authors explored two extremes, the people’s good or evil, reason or mania, and strove to depict the intermediate zone between the two extremes. In his works, Poe confused boundaries between reason and mania, the difference between waking anddream. Beauty and terror, fear and pleasure that are accompanied with each other.II. Gothic Features.A. The Definition of the Term “Gothic”.Gothic literature is a collection of terror and romantic literature. Edgar Allan Poe 's horror fiction not only inherited the traditional Gothic novel writing pattern, but also develop a unique Gothic novel writing style. The origin of the "Gothic" can be traced back to the word "Goths" , which initially described the Germanic tribes of the most deadly, savage branch. And the "Gothic style" is used to describe French church architectures of the 11th century, and its characteristics are high taper steeples, high arch windows, colored glasses and internal gloomy environments. The Gothic novel originated in Britain in the late 18th century. The Castle of Otranto(1764) written by Horace Walpole established the model of the early classical Gothic novel. Since then, this writing style attracted many people to imitate, and extended to the whole Europe and the United States. Edgar Allan Poe are the most significant among the representative personages in the early Gothic novel.The Gothic novel has strong appeals to readers, for its profound psychological and the aesthetic sources. The psychology of the Gothic novel is based on a sense of fear and curiosity by nature. When readers are reading Gothic stories, they usually have a strong experience of fear, of being personally on the scene and do not worry their own safety at the same time. Readers have a experience of imagination themselves or replace the characters, or as a participant, or as a spectator, and with the development of events in the works, readers complete adventures travel of mind. There is no any cost of adventure. Modern people and ancestors are both keen to ancient monsters, popular legends and appalling and scary ghost stories. Although people will be afraid of them, but they still want to find stimulation. Human curiosity, the demand of fear and safety, and the demand of courageous hero are all meet in the Gothic novels. When society people are feeling depressed, this kind of work is popular in the market.The Gothic novel, fundamentally speaking, is the past and present negative reaction of comfortable, safe political stability and the commercial prosperity.The most important thing is that it resists rational control. Therefore, the hero is usually violent and cruel in theGothic novel, which plots are bloody and violent, and often happened in the past, especially in the middle ages, and used castles, ruins or wilderness as the background. The plot is weird and horrific, and often with a mysterious supernatural, giving people the most strong fears of the soul and visual stimulation.a.the character’s terror actionThe Gothic novels ’characters was oppressed by social and secular vision for a long-time, so they usually became insane and crazy. Such as Heathcliff in the Wuthering heights. And in Edgar Allan Poe ’ s novels, hero usually became vicious brutality in that inexplicable fear in his inner world.In a Bucket of White Wine, he deceived Fortunato to his home cellar and killed him, who once insulted him.In the Black Cat, the author describes the actions of killing the black cat and his wife.“Slowly I took a knife from my pocket, opened it, and then carefully cut out one of Pluto’s eyes from its socket.”and when the hero killed his wife, he thought that he could cut the body up into very small pieces and then burn them in a fire, and that he could put the body in a box and then ask someone to carry the box away.Moreover, in the Tell-Tale Heart, Poe depicted this cruel pictures: “ First , I cut it into pieces. I cut off the head and the arms and the legs. I then took up there boards from the wooden floor, and hid the body underneath.”b. the scene settingsUnder the traditional Gothic novel, the choice of the scene is very common. They were likely to select a bleak and isolated places, such as castles, cellars, cemetery, as the scene of the story. And Edgar Allan Poe also had an obsession with the theme of death. Poe was good at using his unique imagination, with the help of a grim scenario, to strengthen the result of the terror. Poe insisted that this closed, dark environment can expose human nature and desire and show human irrational world.c. the theme of deathBecause the Gothic novels itself is from the eerie, dark and mysterious architectural style, its contents are generally violence, murder, fornication, etc. The death of death isthe eternal theme in the Gothic novels, of course, which is Edgar Allan Poe's most beloved. When the terrible incidents happened, there are often accompanied with some characters ’s death. Before Poe, the author Lewis created a novel Monastery whose plots contained killing one with maltreatment, which is the landmark work in the Gothic novels. Therefore Poe inherited these kinds of plot from the former writer. Edgar Allan Poe’s life is suffered form a series of blows and grief, so he can more deeply understand the theme of death.For Poe, death is not a natural fact, but an accident which people could not control when it happens. Death means a new lease of life and a transcending. It has a super organic meaning.(Poe’s Aesthetic Perspectives of Beauty in Art , Life and Death. 潘蕾2006，April，26页)A bucket of white wine is the most representative and typical revenge of the theme of death. Avengers Monterroso knew a lot about his enemy Fortunato as his profound hatred in his heart. He held on to others fatal weakness, which is human common weakness, vanity, and he knew that Fortunato ‘s biggest weakness is that he considered himself as a reviewer of good wines. Monterroso pretended a worship, friendly, warm and affectionate heart in surface, but actually hidden dangers and set a trap.In the Masque of the Red Death, death seems to be doomed and invincible. In the shadow of death, people are panic, hysterical, and despair hidden under the carnival. As "the Red Death" spread in the whole city, half the people of this country had already died from it. In order to avoid the plague, the fearless prince Prospero invite a thousand of his brave and strong friends to stay with him in a castle, far out in the countryside. The castle had a strong high walls and great gates of heavy metal. They all thought that they fled to a safety place far away from the Red Death. That forms an obvious contrast: outside wall is red death world, life itself yet was inside the castle. The contrast of death and life, and the close distance of them let a person have no way to retreat and make people crazy. Party held in seven rooms, but the seventh room was the most frightening for its walls were black, carpet was also black, but its windows were a deep blood-red. No one can enter into this black room that represented the domain of the death and meant people’s deep fear. Every time as the clock slowly rang the twelve long chimes of midnight, it remindedrevelers of the coming of death and let their hearts experience death's powerful and oppression at every moment.B. The Creation of the Gothic Literature.Edgar Allan Poe made a bold innovation of the Gothic literature, turned the horrors of the Gothic novel into mental horror,and revealed the human inner fear.Poe once wrote his mental terror in the preface of Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque. If the theme in many of his story has always been a terror, he insisted that the terror is not German type, but a type of mind. He deduced such terror just from reasonable source, and simply made the tendency of reasonable results.In the Gothic novels, Poe made innovations in the structure of the form. The characteristics of the progressive type structure is obvious, clear, and easy to narrate. Along with the advancement of the story, the narrative rhythm speeding up, the plot is becoming more and more exciting to achieve climax under the atmosphere of terror. In Poe 's horror fictions, he further developed the progressive structure. Using the first person in order to recall the past things according to chronological order. Narration stratification makes the development of tales particular attracted, and mysterious. In the novel of William Wilson, using the structure of the progressive type tells the story of “I” in chronological order. “I”go to school met a student whose name and birthday is the same as me. And he was always opposing me. So "I" became more and more wild. After fighting again and again, “I” killed “another I”.He revealed the evil in human nature. In the second half of the 19th century America, the beautiful art still occupied the dominant position. Until the last century, the principle of beauty and ugliness was introduced to the modernism art. A large number of literature and art creators tried to reveal the contradictions of society and life from the opposite side. Edgar Allan Poe 's works existed a lot of ugliness, and also broke through the traditional aesthetics. Poe’s aesthetic innovation exceeded other contemporary writers.III. Symbolism.A. The Definition of SymbolismThe symbolism is an artistic technique that expresses similar emotions and thoughtswith the specific image that easily associated. So-called objective image is through different emotional activities to create a kind of artistic image. In other words, it is an objective image that used to express objective emotions. Poe was influenced by British romanticism and German idealism aesthetic. So Poe is keen on singular weird things that in his view are not terrible, but a beauty of the bizarre. Poe fully utilized his genius, to create one by one significant and profound images. He used some animals or things to represent the abstract concept, which can be divided into the following category.a. Scene images.The ancient castle in the Masque of the Red Death, the dark damp underground wine cellar in a Bucket of White Wine, the bleak old house in the Fall of the House of Usher are scene images. Airtight, isolated and bleak scene image produces a depressive environment, and impacts the protagonist's psychological feelings and spirit.After reading the Fall of the House of Usher I was scared for a long time. At first sight, it seems to be an abnormal emotional story, but the image setting not stayed on the surface meaning, but gave it more complex and deeper meaning. The house of usher symbolic meaning is that it gave birth to the old family, but at the same time closed itself, also closed its owner. And the House of Usher is on behalf of both the collapsed building and the family. In the end, the house and its owner both ruined. The characteristics of the house are similar to the temperament of the hero. To achieve the effect of the unified theory, Edgar Allan Poe integrated the scene image with hero’s temperament. The melancholy House of Usher shows the protagonist's mental state with great pain.b. Color imageIt is badly common to use color as the image in Poe ’s horror novels. Red and black were also his favorite color images. He chose them for red is the color of blood and black is a symbol of death. In the Masque of the Red Death, the seventh room was black and its walls were black, its thick, heavy carpet was also black. But its windows were a deep blood-red. For each fire was opposite a window, so in the black room the firelight that shone through the blood-red window changed the room into something too horrible to describe. And as the fires burned brighter, the colors and shapes in this room became morehorrible than ever.In the fall of the house of Usher, the black tapestry, the dark silent lake, in the tell-tale heart, the dark lantern, the old man had a pale, blue eyes that all brought people greatly unease and panic. Whether black cat or the dark House of Usher are both filled with so much color images that produced more horrific feelings.c. Animal imageIn the book of the Black Cat , this title laid an ominous tone for the full story. The black cat is not a simple "object", but a prominent horror, which makes the hero in fear all the time, also gives the readers a kind of fear of excitement and pleasure. In the West, the ominous black cat is the embodiment of the witch and a symbol of evil. The name of the black cat, Pluto, was originally the name of the hell and the ruler of the underworld in the ancient Greek mythology. Pluto often made a sinister sound. Edgar Allan Poe designed the Black Cat as title and Pluto as the name of the cat, which the aim is to create an terrible atmosphere. As shown in the ending, the black cat led to a end, “ On top of her head, with a red, open mouth and one burning eye, sat the black cat - the animal which has had made me a murderer, and which would now send me to death.”When the first cat hanged in a few days later, there appeared another black cat that like Pluto, but a white mark on its chest. The white mark of the chest showed the shape of the gallows, which made the hero frighten. The white mark reminded his crimes, aroused his guilt, and became the symbol of his crimes.In short, Poe not only simple inherited the death and gloomy aesthetic orientation, violent plots in the Gothic literature but also innovated the Gothic writing techniques, and more strove to explore people’s inner world.B. Analysis Symbol From Psychologya. From Sigmund Freud’s Theory.Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic personality theory focuses on the study of human unconscious mental activity. Freudian theory of human psyche is a kind of "understanding people's motivation, personality, mental activity of science." It has a huge influences on many areas in modern western society. Among them, the three-level personality structurepoints out that the imbalance of ego, id or the self, superego will lead to mental illness and personality disorder."The self", or the subconscious mind, is the most basic part of the personality structure and lies in the deepest heart, representing the most primitive, instinctive impulse and desire. Id follows the principles of happiness that do not have any moral, ethical and value factors. It is easily impulsive, but can be controlled and regulated. "The ego" is from “the id”and is the executor of the personality. It is the medium that contact with the outside world according to actual condition to adjust the id and the superego and it does things according to the moral principles. "The superego" is a manager in the personality structure, and is on behalf of the social moral standards. Since there always exists the opposite between the superego and the id, ego needs to coordinate the contradictions between the id and the superego.Only the id, ego and superego arrive balance, can a person's spiritual world be normal. If they don't balance, they can cause abnormal mentality and personality distortion.Poe probed the most secret unconscious and subconscious mental activities that showed a person’s mentality from abnormal to breakdown.Poe's psychological description is vivid, natural and frank. Through psychological activities, we can see the ugliness and evil of human nature, and have a profound introspection and the purification of the soul.In the book of the Black Cat,when the hero’s superego is unable to suppress and prevent id’s violent impulse, violent nature that hidden in the depths of the protagonist subconscious began to do evil things. So one day the hero committed unforgivable crimes under the uncontrolled evil thoughts. Later, protagonist and his superego was tormented by criminal facts. Every time he remember that day he killed the cat, he still feel sadness and pain. As a result of the need to self hurt self, people often know that we should not do but still done something stupid or evil. In this novel, Poe went into the most deep place of the human consciousness that showed the evil instinct in a person's unconscious.Usher lived in the house of usher where full of despair for a long time, and only had a sister. The intolerable darkness, and desolate, terrible, bleak atmosphere gradually eroded and distorted Usher’s spirit. And because id overindulgence made he fornicate with his sister, he felt deeply regret, fear, anxiety and guilt. Because of id indulgence, superego will severely punish id.It is difficult to achieve balance for these three parts which are always contradictory and not harmonious in the personality structure, so everyone more or less have somemental illness that symptoms severity or lighter. The objective environment make the readers realize the psychological development of health and personality molding auxiliary need good environment, including family environments, school environments, social environments, etc. Ego should coordinate the relationship between the id and the superego, and should emphasize the guidance and warning role of superego and should make decisions according to the social ethics and common sense.b. From the theory of effects and unifyIn "the review of H awthorne’s twice told tales" (the review of Hawthorne 's twice told tales. 1840) he explained his creation principles. He thought a clever writer not put his own thoughts into his plot, but planned in advance and created a unique distinctive effect, and then fabricated some plots and contacted with these plots. All these things are in order to realize the theory of effect and unify. He believed that the work should be a harmonious unity. From beginning to end, every detail, every plot, each place, even every sentence, every word should achieve a unified effect.Based on his famous creation principle of theory of the effect and unify. Through his elaborate conception and clever arrangement, he created the unique aesthetic effects, and aesthetic values.In the novels, name is not random, but carefully chosen for the ultimate horror effects. The pronunciation of Fortunato is similar with fortunate, and Pluto is the name of the hell in ancient Greek mythology.IV. Rendering TechniqueA. The Specific Application of Rendering TechniqueIn Poe 's horror fictions, both the depiction of psychology, environment, and all kinds of horrible death way in the novels, give one impression of terror. In the fall of the house of usher, Poe portrayed“I looked up at the old house with its high stone walls and narrow windows. I looked around at the thin dry grass and the old dying trees, and sick, and could not think of one happy thought to chase away my gloom.” Thus we can see, His works through rendering environment, such as old house, high stone walls, narrow windows, thin dry grass, old dying tree, to emphasize the decline of the surrounding environment, which makes people feel that life is fragile and prepares for the next horrible plot.In the Fall of the House of Usher, about seven or eight days after they had put LadyMadeleine’s coffin in the vault. Outside, there was a storm which was growing wilder. “I”could hear some low sounds from somewhere inside the house. And then Poe described the violent storm as the follow that made people feel much tension.“T he wind from the violent storm outside crashed into the room, nearly knocking us to the floor. It was, indeed, a wild, but strangely beautiful night. The wind seemed to be going in circles around the house, and huge, heavy black clouds chased each other, first this way, then that way. We could see no moon and no stars, but a pale ghostly light lay around the house.”At that moment, “I” read a wild, fantastic story whose plot is Ethelred breaking the old man’s door, the cry of the dragon, and the falling of the gates. This story the hero read enhanced the tense atmosphere. And then the plot arrived the climax. Usher’s body began to shake, and a sickly smile came over his lips. He said that he had put Madeleine alive into a coffin. At the end of this story, Poe depicted this picture “O utside, the storm was still violent and as I ran past the lake, a sudden wild light shone around me......There was a long shouting sound, like the voice of a thousand waters, and the deep dark lake closed over the broken pieces of the House of Usher.”which made everything disappeared and the story full of the breath of despairing.Ｖ．Writing From First PersonＡ．The specific Application of First PersonIt's not hard to find that the first person in narration in Poe 's horror fictions. From the perspective of the reader, applying the first person to give readers a real feeling, to stimulate reading interest, and to build a kind of objective real effect. While from the author himself, using the first person in narrating the experience of gruesome story can objectively present and tell the hero's thoughts and behaviors. This way can let article write fluently and better analyze the narrator own mental condition. Poe seemed to be a prophet of god, and know the development of all things.In the novel William Wilson, a series of events experienced by the author with "I" as the main content, he also let readers feel that has really happened , and leave the deep impression.In the beginning of the Tell-Tale Heart,“I could hear all things, things in this world and things in heaven. I heard many things in hell, too. So how can I be mad?”The "I" repeatedly stressed he is not crazy, normal mental, how people have a normal mental to kill the old man suffered from cataract? When the police asked what has happened, “I” heard the noise of the old man’s noise of beating heart becoming louder and clearer, and then “I”collapsed, told the police that the corpse was under the floor. If “I” didn't hear that beating heart, I can escape from the pain of heart, and legal sanctions, but “I” heard this horrible noise was bigger and bigger, “I” argued, “I” walked up and down the room, “I” felt that “I”must scream or die. Finally, “I” can not stand it and accept the realistic punishment.“We humans seem to like hurting ourselves. Haven’t we all, a hundred times, done something stupid or evil just because we know that we should not do it? ”He borrowed "I" in The Black Cat to briefly analyze people ’ s criminal mentality, and show that the dark inner corner of the man.IV. ConclusionPoe lived in America where the whole country was filled with hope of life in the second half of the 19th century, however, he focused on the death, and the darkness. Edgar Allan Poe 's works not only improved the depth and breadth in literature, and promoted the development of the romanticism, but also studied social concerned psychological problems now. Poe by means of describing the terror to express his view on the good and evil, to expose meditation and inner struggle in the modern western. As a successor and innovator of traditional Gothic literature, he has become a significant writer in American literature. He used techniques such as symbol, rendering, the first person visual single in his tales to create a stunning success. Edgar Allan Poe's strove to explore the secrets of the human mind, and explored the limits of human psychology. He showed that beauty is not a kind of nature, but make the readers feel strong sense of pleasure from horror and let readers enjoy them.。

the cask of amontillado的写作特点

the cask of amontillado的写作特点
《The Cask of Amontillado》是美国作家埃德加·爱伦·坡的短篇小说，其写作特点包括以下几个方面：
1. 情节紧凑，充满悬疑：故事以第一人称叙述，从一开始就设置了悬念，让读者对主人公的动机和计划产生好奇。

坡通过精心构建的情节，逐步揭示真相，使读者始终保持高度的紧张和兴趣。

2. 心理分析深刻：坡对主人公的心理进行了深入剖析，展示了他的复仇欲望、理智与疯狂之间的斗争以及对死亡的痴迷。

这种心理分析使读者能够更好地理解主人公的行为和动机。

3. 气氛烘托：坡运用了细腻的描写和紧张的氛围烘托，使读者感受到故事中的恐怖和压抑。

例如，对地下酒窖的阴森描写以及对主人公病态心理的刻画，都增强了故事的恐怖氛围。

4. 象征主义手法：故事中使用了象征主义手法，如“ Montillado ”这个名字象征着死亡和毁灭，而“cask”则代表着封闭和压抑。

这些象征元素为故事增添了更深层次的意义。

5. 独特的叙事风格：坡的叙事风格简洁、精确，用词考究。

他擅长运用形象生动的语言和比喻，使故事更富有感染力。

总的来说，《The Cask of Amontillado》以其紧凑的情节、深刻的心理分析、紧张的氛围烘托、象征主义手法和独特的叙事风格成为了美国文学的经典之作。

浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现

浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现爱伦·坡是19世纪美国哥特式小说的代表之一，其小说在文学史上占有重要地位。

他的作品从题材到叙事技巧，贯穿着浓厚的哥特式风格，展现出了其独特的创作手法。

首先，在作品的题材上，爱伦·坡喜欢探索人性的阴暗面，塑造了一系列如杀人魔、疯子、魔鬼等怪异恐怖角色，通过这些角色的行为和言语来揭示人类的本质和人性的丑陋，呈现出一种哥特式的病态美感。

比如《红死病》中描写了一场蔓延整个城市的瘟疫，以及人们对瘟疫的恐惧和绝望。

而《瑞奇家塔的惊魂夜》中则是讲述了一段充满谋杀、诅咒和疯狂的故事，将读者带入到一个充满恐怖气息的世界中。

其次，在叙事技巧上，爱伦·坡运用了哥特式小说的常见手法，塑造出浓重的恐怖氛围。

他在叙事中善于运用反转和戏剧性出现的惊悚情节，以达到吓人的效果。

比如在《黑猫》中，故事一开始就讲述了主人公疯狂的行为，令读者因其言行逐渐惊恐起来，而当主人公逐渐被揭示出罪证时，读者也因之惊愕。

在《旁观者的狂欢》中，作者巧妙地将故事的结局与起始反转，使得读者在读完全文后才能理解它的含义。

此外，在文学风格上，爱伦·坡喜欢运用暗示、象征等手法来创造丰富的文学意象。

在《红房子》中，作者通过描写衣衫褴褛的人物和血红色的房子，既暗示了人们生活的贫穷和萧条，又象征了血腥和死亡。

在《伊甸园》中，则将伊甸园比喻为爱情的天堂，最终颇为巧妙地将原本美好的爱情变成了一种可怕的毁灭性力量。

总的来说，爱伦·坡在其作品中充分发挥了哥特式小说的创作手法，通过独特的叙事方式、题材内容和文学风格，塑造了一种恐怖而又诡异的世界观，如梦似幻，让读者在其中领略恐怖与美感的糅合。

浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现

浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现【摘要】爱伦·坡是美国著名的哥特式作家，他的作品中充满了恐怖、奇异和黑暗的元素。

本文从哥特式元素在爱伦·坡作品中的体现、文学背景对哥特式创作手法的影响、恐怖与奇异情感的刻画、叙事结构与氛围营造以及人物形象的塑造这几个方面进行了深入分析。

通过对爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法的独特性、哥特式对其创作的启示以及他在哥特式文学传统中的位置进行探讨，揭示了爱伦·坡在文学史上的重要地位和影响。

通过本文的研究，读者可以更加深入地理解爱伦·坡的作品及其在哥特文学中的独特贡献。

【关键词】关键词：爱伦·坡，哥特式创作手法，文学背景，恐怖与奇异情感，叙事结构，氛围营造，人物形象，独特性，启示，文学传统1. 引言1.1 爱伦·坡及其作品简介爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe，1809年1月19日-1849年10月7日），是19世纪美国最杰出的浪漫主义作家之一，也是世界短篇小说和诗歌的杰出代表。

他的作品涵盖恐怖、悬疑、惊悚、奇幻等多种题材，以其独特的文风和探索人性深处的主题著称。

爱伦·坡早年生活经历较为坎坷，童年时即失去父母，被寄养在富有的养父家庭中。

青年时代辗转于各地，经历艰辛，但也在此期间开始酝酿并创作出许多杰出作品。

他的作品追求完美主义，注重文学形式与内涵的结合，善于利用文学效果来展现内心感受。

他的诗歌和小说多以恐怖与奇异为主题，通过独特的叙事手法和人物形象展现出对于人性和世界的深刻思考。

爱伦·坡的作品在当时引起了广泛的关注和讨论，至今仍然被视为文学史上的经典之作。

他的哥特式创作手法深深影响了后世的文学创作，成为了哥特文学传统中的重要代表。

2. 正文2.1 哥特式元素在爱伦·坡作品中的体现爱伦·坡作品中哥特式元素的体现主要体现在以下几个方面：首先是他作品中常见的恐怖和狂热的氛围，比如在《乌鸦》中通过乌鸦的反复叫喊来营造出一种诡异的氛围；其次是他善于利用暗黑的场景和令人毛骨悚然的情节来吸引读者的注意，比如在《黑猫》中描述主人公因为无端的怒火而杀害了爱猫；他还善于写出一些怪诞的人物形象，比如《红死病案》中的乌戈莱诺公爵就是一个极具哥特式特征的人物形象。

poe写作风格

poe写作风格摘要：1.简介- 介绍埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）及其写作风格2.写作风格特点- 恐怖与惊悚- 浪漫主义- 心理描绘- 短小精悍的故事结构3.代表作品分析- 《乌鸦》- 《破镜之谜》- 《陷坑与钟摆》4.影响及评价- 对后世作家的影响- 文学史上的地位与评价正文：埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）是美国文学史上的一位杰出作家，以其独特的写作风格在文学界独树一帜。

他的写作风格特点鲜明，主要体现在恐怖与惊悚、浪漫主义、心理描绘和短小精悍的故事结构等方面。

1.恐怖与惊悚爱伦·坡的作品中充满了恐怖与惊悚的元素，他擅长运用神秘、诡异的情节和紧张的氛围来抓住读者的心。

在他的短篇小说《陷坑与钟摆》中，通过讲述一个囚犯面临严刑逼供的故事，展示了人性的黑暗面和生死存亡的抉择。

这种恐怖与惊悚的风格成为了他的一大特色。

2.浪漫主义爱伦·坡的作品具有浓厚的浪漫主义色彩。

他关注个体的情感体验，强调情感与理智的冲突。

在他的诗歌《乌鸦》中，通过描绘一只乌鸦的降临给主人公带来的绝望与痛苦，表达了人类在自然力量面前的无助与挣扎，体现了浪漫主义对个体情感的关注。

3.心理描绘爱伦·坡在作品中对人物心理进行了细腻、深入的描绘。

他关注人的潜意识、幻觉和梦境等心理现象，挖掘人性的复杂与矛盾。

在他的短篇小说《破镜之谜》中，通过讲述一个失去爱人的人试图通过催眠找回爱人记忆的故事，展示了人类心理的微妙与复杂。

4.短小精悍的故事结构爱伦·坡的故事结构紧凑、短小精悍，往往在有限的篇幅内传达出丰富的情感与思想。

他善于运用暗示、象征等手法，引导读者进行深入的思考。

这种短小精悍的故事结构使他的作品具有很高的艺术价值。

爱伦·坡的作品对后世作家产生了深远的影响，许多作家都受到了他的写作风格的启发。

浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现

浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现首先，深沉的主题是坡作品的常见特色，哥特式的黑暗悲哀、神秘幽暗、不可言喻的恐慌感是其作品的特色之一。

例如，《乌鸦》这篇小说，如果读者仅仅用简单的原因推断就看不出其深层的主题，而读者需要通过想象和心理联想去理解鸟和主人公之间的相互作用：死去的女人、丧失的尊严和绝望的心境。

这种主题的深度和诡异性，是哥特式创作不可分割的一部分。

其次，哥特式的风格比喻是坡作品的又一特色。

坡以其无比精湛的语言表达出自己深刻的内心感受，通过风格比喻把被隐藏的主题或意义展现出来。

例如，坡在《马库斯·阿瑟梅斯的谋杀犯》中写道：“这个人的声音高昂而冷酷，就像亡者的尸骨。

”这种语言描写将人物内心的上下颠簸、恐惧和愤怒巧妙地表现出来。

第三，坡的作品中也存在很多象征符号。

象征符号是哥特式创作中必不可少的创作手法之一，它能够让读者在感性上更深入地理解作品，对作品产生更强的共鸣。

例如，在《人形心理》这篇小说中，坡使用时钟的象征手法，运用时钟的两个特点，即“昏昏欲睡的时间感”和“沉重快使人心情沉闷的负担感”，表达了主人公在时间面前无能为力的感受。

第四，哥特式创作手法不仅体现在坡小说的叙事结构中，同时也体现在其描绘的文化环境和场景的描写中。

这些描述和描绘，表达了哥特式文学的恐怖和神秘之感。

例如，在《矿井谷》中，作者通过描绘荒凉的海边、大海和风雨交加的场景，给人留下了深深的印象。

综上所述，爱伦·坡的小说中充分体现了哥特式创作手法，其作品深沉的主题、风格比喻、象征符号和景物描写都具有哥特式文学的明显特点。

这些独特的手法，使得他的作品更具有冲击力、视觉冲击力和情感共鸣，更加深了读者对其作品的思考。

简言之，哥特式文学使得坡的作品具有了独一无二的艺术价值和文学魅力。

黑夜里的绿宝石爱伦·坡《黑猫》赏析

黑夜里的绿宝石爱伦·坡《黑猫》赏析爱伦・坡是美国著名的短篇小说家，他的短篇小说是哥特小说的巅峰，他的作品中大多对恐怖的场景大肆渲染，对病态人物的内心世界和扭曲的灵魂进行刻画，《黑猫》是其典型作品，拥有浓厚的文学色彩。

一、哥特式特征的艺术魅力哥特小说来源于18世纪后期的英国，19世纪20年代后，兴盛于美国，哥特的本意是指来自斯塔的纳维亚的野蛮游牧部落的名称，后意大利著名画家拉斐尔首创“哥特式”一词，本来是指文艺复兴前中欧及北欧的建筑风格。

在18世纪前期的英国，有一个人建造了一座哥特式豪宅并办了一个印刷厂，出版一些发生在荒凉的哥特古堡教堂里的恐怖故事的读物，渐渐形成了“哥特小说”这种流派。

哥特小说的一个重要特征是恐怖，不仅是事件本身的恐怖，还有环境氛围、时间的恐怖，而且哥特小说一般都是血腥暴力的，以此给读者带来强烈的心灵震撼。

在《黑猫》这个文本中，爱伦・坡细致地描写了男主人公残忍地对他心爱的黑猫“普路托”进行虐杀：“有一天早晨，我心狠手辣，用根套索勒住猫脖子，把它吊在树枝上，眼泪汪汪，心里痛悔不已，就此把猫吊死了。

”足见男主人公内心的邪恶、变态、扭曲，难以想象他是如何下这种狠手的，何况普路托是一只十分温顺的黑猫，一直陪伴主人，对主人忠心耿耿，在男主人公剜它眼珠后它都没有离开，也没有报复主人。

但是男主人公并不是一开始便是恶人，在婴儿时期，男主人公甚至是以生性温顺、富有爱心而闻名的，他尤其喜欢动物，后来在迷恋酒精的情况下，他才渐渐地沦为了一个恶人、虐待狂、杀人犯。

正是小说中男主人公“善”的形象与“恶”的形象的强烈对比、冲突，更能引起读者对人性的善恶的深思，这种强烈的震撼往往比直接铺叙“恶”更为有力，更好地体现了哥特特征。

小说里，男主人公的病态人格也体现了哥特特征。

在酒精的影响下，主人公变成了一个虐待狂，处于病态人格的状态下。

他先是将普路托活活吊死，后因酒醒感到愧疚，想要找一只与普路托相似的猫代替，碰巧也让他遇上了一只黑猫，唯一与普路托不同的就是胸前有白毛，开始主人公还能忍受它，后来由于想到普路托，越来越厌恶它，精神的病态使他愈发暴躁，最终在地下室失手砸死了妻子，一开始的忏悔演变成一桩凶杀案，而在凶杀案过后主人公还能冷静地埋尸掩藏，更加体现了主人公的病态人格已经到了无可救药的地步，主人公并没有因作恶而感到罪恶，反而感到心理愉悦，让人读罢毛骨悚然。

爱伦·坡《厄舍古屋的倒塌》写作手法解读

爱伦.坡《厄舍古屋的倒塌》写作手法解读
爱伦.坡的《厄舍古屋的倒塌》是一篇典型的恐怖小说，其写作手法独具匠心，恰到好处地营造了一种令人不安的氛围，引发读者的心理共鸣。

1. 精细的描写
《厄舍古屋的倒塌》中，作者对细节的描写非常精细，既使读者感受到现实场景的真实，也使读者更深入地感受到主人公的心情和想法。

比如，在描述下雨天的场景时，作者不仅描写了雨滴的声音，还写到了墙壁变黑了，石块地面被淋湿了，这样默默无语的细节，宛如把符号丢给读者，呈现主人公的细致感知和心理状态。

2. 借助语言的表现手法
爱伦.坡巧妙地借助了特定的语言表现手法，让小说更具有文学价值。

比如，他运用描写的手法，将古屋的倒塌也写成了一个具有内涵的象征，深刻地揭示人的命运之殇。

在描写主人公精神受创时，他使用了叙述重复的语言手法，增强了主人公的矛盾和抵抗感。

3. 精心构思的故事情节
故事情节的设置也是作者非常用心的地方，既现实又超自然，既让读者感受到紧张的恐惧感，又能够暗示人类生死的不可避免。

比如，故事中的主人公对于破损不堪的老房子十分钟爱，
且不惜亲身承担房子的危险，表现出颇具代表性的文化遗产保护情节；而整个故事线索的变化，更是让人们感到了当代世界的危机和不安全。

总之，《厄舍古屋的倒塌》有着细腻的描写、巧妙的语言表现手法和精心构思的故事情节，这三个因素相得益彰，形成了一篇让人爱不释手的恐怖小说，即使从今日的视角来看，仍然能够感受到它的文学价值、完美的文本结构及良好的读者接收度。

浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现

浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现爱伦·坡是美国文学史上最著名的恐怖小说家，他的作品中充满了哥特式创作手法。

哥特式是一种文艺复兴时期源于意大利的建筑和艺术风格，其以浪漫主义为基础，倾向于表现神秘、怪异和超自然现象，堆砌和夸张的图案、结构、情节等元素。

坡的作品不仅在题材上呈现出哥特式的特点，而且在写作手法上也十分突出。

首先，在坡的小说中经常出现的是哥特式的建筑和场景。

如《会说话的猫》、《红色死亡疫情》等小说中的城堡、庄园、墓地都是哥特式建筑的代表。

这些地方阴森恐怖，有时候充满了幻觉和魔法。

例如，在短篇小说《陷阱》中，坡以哥特式的手法描绘了一个与世隔绝的庄园，这个庄园充满了迷宫般的走廊，还有各种吓人的装饰，使读者产生了神秘恐怖的氛围。

其次，在情节上，坡常常使用哥特式的设定和时序。

哥特式小说通常有很多复杂的情节，其中往往包含着神秘的情节和逆转的结局。

比如，坡的小说《黑猫》中的情节就是典型的哥特式手法，是一连串神秘、幻觉和疑云的颠覆。

坡会利用情节的推移和变化，让读者充满疑问和不安，产生出一种几乎无法言说的深沉恐惧。

最后，在语言和形式上，坡的作品也常常使用哥特式的特点。

哥特式小说使用的是华丽的语言来传递神秘和超现实的情感。

坡很擅长使用强烈的意象和音韵的变化来创造出恐惧和悬念的氛围。

例如，《乌鸦》中的“Nevermore”（不再）就是一个充满恐怖感的语言表达，让人想到永远无法逃脱的死亡。

同时，坡常常使用极为详尽的人物描写和细节描写来增加深度和线索，给读者带来全息的感受。

总之，爱伦·坡的作品中哥特式创作手法占据着重要的位置，无论是在建筑场景、情节设置还是形式语言上，都体现出一种恐怖与浪漫并行、奇怪与神秘掩盖的文化传统。