翻译技巧(2)词类转换法

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翻译技巧词类转换法

翻译技巧词类转换法
3. Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had foundered on
one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russia’s refusal.
第9页,此课件共28页哦
I. Converting to verbs
练习(二)
1. Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk of the universe, but its existence, if it stands the test of time, will probably require the development of new theories of physics.
waste of time. 工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会,他们认为对这个问题进
行任何调查都是浪费时间。
5. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current
affairs. 练习: 1. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East
8. In general, drying a solid means the removal of relatively small
amounts of water or other liquid from the solid material to reduce the content of residual liquid to an acceptable low value.

翻译学丛:常用英语翻译技巧(2)

翻译学丛:常用英语翻译技巧(2)

英语知识3. 转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。

具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。

在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。

在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。

在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。

如:(1) 我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。

Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词)(2)Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。

(名词转动词)(3)由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。

Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词) (4) I'm all for you opinion.我完全赞成你的意见。

(介词转动词)(5)The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。

(动词转名词)(6)In his article the author is critical of man's negligence toward his environment.作者在文章中,对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。

英汉翻译2.词性转换法

英汉翻译2.词性转换法

1) adjectives converted nouns
The steam turbine is less economical at cruising speed.
After careful treatment the deaf have recovered their hearing.
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.
If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics.
3.词性转换法
I. Conversion in English-Chinese Translation
This watch never varies more than a second in a month.
1. Conversion into verbs 1) Nouns converted into verbs Rockets have found application for
the exploration of the universe. Some power plants are under
construction. The operation of a machine needs
some knowledge of its performance.
I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I .

翻译的八大常用技巧

翻译的八大常用技巧

作用与意义1. 重译法:为了明确、为了强调、为了生动2. 增译法:为了更忠实于原文的意思,而又更合乎译文的表达习惯3. 减译法:源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法4. 词类转移法:语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变,词序有时也随之变化5. 词序调整法:语言之间构成形式并非完全相同,做必不可少的词序改变6. 分译法:主要用于长句的翻译,有时存在于词语语义的分译7. 正反翻译法:由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说,反话正说8. 语态变换法:主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal.一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。

We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。

A large family has its difficulties.大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。

Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold.这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具,当的当了,卖的卖了。

Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.舟遥遥以轻扬,风飘飘而吹衣。

转换法

转换法

3、英语表示感觉和心里状态的形容词 汉 语动词 They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment. 他们对实验中所获得的数据相当满意。 If you are ignorant of the importance of translation, you will not like it. 假如不了解翻译的重要性,你就不会喜翻译。 We became aware of a peculiar smell in the room. 我们发现房间里有一股特别的气味。
四、英语主语
汉语谓语
这一转换法主要用于翻译英语以具有动作含义的名词(如 attempt,attention,emphasis,care,choice,improvement,inspection,nee d,talk,thought等),作主语的句子。 In every corner of the country, talk of the Olimpic Games of 2008 in Beijing is in the air. 全国各个角落都在谈论2008年北京奥运会。 There is a great need for college graduates in industry. 工业战线很需要大学毕业生。 The prevention of certain types of cancer is distinctly within the realm of possibility. 某些种类的癌症显然是可以预防的。
三,英语主语 汉语定语 The proton has considerably more mass than electron. 质子的质量比电子大得多。 Gold has an advantage in that it cannot react with oxygen. 金子 的优势是不不容易和氧气反应。

浅谈英语翻译的方法和技巧

浅谈英语翻译的方法和技巧

浅谈英语翻译的方法和技巧作者:王天乐来源:《中学课程辅导·教师教育》 2019年第2期前言英语是国际上指定的官方语言,同样也是世界上使用最为广泛的语言。

掌握一定的英语翻译方法与技巧不仅有助于提升我们的语言学习及使用能力,同时还加深对外国文化及风俗习惯等方面的了解。

而且在翻译的过程中,能够在翻译中感受英语的魅力,在反复翻译的推敲中理解英语。

一、英语翻译常用方法及技巧(一)直译法直译法是英语翻译中最简单的方法,就是直接将英语翻译出来,按照文章的语句顺序翻译,使得英语翻译能够体现出原文的特点,还能保留其原文形式。

因为英语和汉语之间有许多互通之处,所以一些英语句子能够使用直译法直接翻译出来,像是李宁品牌的宣传标语“Everything is possible”,意思为一切皆有可能。

由此可见,直译法在英语翻译中的发挥着很大的作用,使用简单的方式就能够对英语句子进行准确翻译。

(二)增译法因为英语和汉语在思维方式、语言习惯以及表达方式上都存在一定的差异,所以在进行英语翻译时,要在句子中恰当的增添一些词汇或是短语,以此将原文意思更加精确地表达出来,这样不仅能够提升英语翻译的效果,还有助于读者对文章更好的理解,降低其理解难度。

所以此种方式也是实际英语翻译中常用的翻译技巧。

另外,在使用汉语进行交流表达时,往往可以将主语省略,但是在英语表达上,能够转化为被动语态的只有“There be”句型,而其他大部分英语句式都要通过对其增添一些主语,才能够将英语原文翻译的更加准确。

比如:The lion is the King of animals.用直译法翻译就是“狮子是动物的王”,这样的表示显然不够精准,所以可以将其翻译为“狮子是百兽之王”,通过增加“百”,可以达到准确翻译的目的。

除此之外,在英语翻译中,会发现英语和汉语除了在句式上存在不同,在代词、连词的使用上也存在着很大的差异。

因此,在进行英语翻译时,要注意不能够违背原文所要表达的含义,对于“It”在文中比到达什么含义一定联系上下文,在文中寻找其所代替的词语,以此提升英语翻译的准确性。

词类转换翻译法

词类转换翻译法

词类转换翻译法在英译汉的过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同,就不能逐词对译。

原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类,才能使汉语译文通顺自然。

一、名词的转译1.英语名词转译成动词由动词派生的名词,具有动词意思的名词,以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等,这些名词都可以转译成动词。

【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。

【译文】回想起这些事情,会给他的生活增添乐趣。

【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。

【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。

【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任,各州都有自己的宪法和法律。

【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担,各州都有自己的宪法和法律。

【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机,听到隆隆的机声,我感到特别神往。

【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing.【译文】据我所知,有几台计算机失踪了。

【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him.×他是个好听众,所以他们喜欢同他谈话。

翻译技巧汇总 词类转译法

翻译技巧汇总 词类转译法

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课堂练习
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science.
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课堂练习参考译文:
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 不能抗拒诱惑的人往往要犯错误。 • 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 老人在同儿子谈话时宽恕了年轻人过去的种种劣迹。 • 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science 他从来没有上过医学院,但他却获得了理学博士这样难得 的荣誉学位
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英语名词译成汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往 往转译成汉语副词 • Below 4°C, water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction. • 水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀,而不是不断地收 缩。 • Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials. • 只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。

lecture 4 翻译技巧二 词类转换法

lecture 4 翻译技巧二 词类转换法
技巧一 (词义选择)练习:
• 1.This is the last place where I expected to meet you. • 2.She told me that her 18-year-old son was the baby. • 3.He is unhappy now, because he had a blue with his friend just
9. 他会立即答复。
He will give an immediate reply.
4. 转译成副词
A. Nouns—Adverbs
1. The man nodded with satisfaction. 那人满意地点了点头。 2. He had the honor to attend the congress. 他荣幸地出席了代表大会。
and wisdom.
• 7.Mr. Smith has stepped into the vintage years.
技巧一 (词义选择)练习答案:
1.我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。 2.她对我说她那18岁的儿子是她子女中最小的。 3.他刚和朋友吵架,正闷闷不乐呢。 4.一个绝望的人,一个残废兵,零钱 5.我们应本着和平共处五项原则的精神解决争端。 6.我们又一次领受了他渊博的知识、丰富的经验和
3. The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure 1. 图一所示是这种新型机器的简图。
3. 转译成形容词
A. Nouns—Adjectives
1. I can note the grace of her gesture. 我可以看到她优雅的举止。
now. • 4. a broken man a broken soldier broken money • 5. We should settle the disputes in the context of the Five

汉译英翻译的技巧

汉译英翻译的技巧

汉译英翻译的技巧一. 正确认识翻译技巧从中国人进行的翻译定位上看,无论是英译汉还是汉译英,其根本问题都在译者的英语水平或造诣上。

英译汉的题型,关键在于理解原文;而汉译英的题型,关键在于如何综合运用所学的英文知识,将我们原本理解的相当明白的汉语文字,以准确的英语通顺地表达出来。

笔者想提醒考生注意的是,各种翻译技巧只是工具。

茅盾先生有一句话,如果两种语言的功底不够,那些技巧你也用不上;但若功底深厚,那些条条就成了不足取的框框。

因此,我们对于翻译技巧的讲解,只是大致谈几个方面,大家在翻译的过程中了解注意就可以了。

关键在于遵循常用方法多做练习,只有经过大量的训练,不懈的练习,才可以熟能生巧。

大家的英语水平提高了,词汇量有了一定的积累,各种句型结构熟透于心了,翻译水平自然会上去的。

二. 关于汉译英的翻译技巧,我们大致需要注意这几方面:1、翻译的基本方法:关于直译与意译英语和汉语是两种不同的语言 ,每种语言都有各自独立和分明的系统 ,在形态和句法方面二者存在很大差异。

然而 ,两种语言之间又存在一些相似性。

比如在主谓词序和动宾词序上是一致的。

正是由于英汉两种语言既有共同点又有不同点 ,所以在翻译实践中 ,我们不能千篇一律地使用一种方法进行翻译。

直译和意译是两种重要的翻译方法。

直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。

意译,也称为自由翻译 ,它是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。

直译与意译相互关联、互为补充,同时,它们又互相协调、互相渗透,不可分割。

通过对直译与意译二者关系的正确理解,我们可以更多地认识到什么时候采用直译、什么时候采用意译,以及在运用直译与意译的时候所应该掌握的技巧、遵循的原则和应该注意的问题,最终达到提高翻译能力及水平的目的。

考生这里应当注意,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。

例如:我们的朋友遍天下。

如果译成“Our friends are all over the world”是直译,而“We have friends all over the world”就是意译。

翻译技巧(2)词类转换法

翻译技巧(2)词类转换法

I. Review and comments on the assignment 狗的主人们,请别买那种带卷轴的牵狗皮带。 狗的主人们,请别买那种带卷轴的牵狗皮带。 这种皮带要占上近40英尺长的人行道。 这种皮带要占上近 英尺长的人行道。 英尺长的人行道 给自己省点钱吧,你就别用这种皮带来把行人绊倒吧, 给自己省点钱吧,你就别用这种皮带来把行人绊倒吧, Dog owners; please don’t buy that leash-on-a干脆用大棒算了。 干脆用大棒算了。 reel thing that takes up 40ft. of sidewalk. Save 我把你的狗说成无性别区分的“ 我把你的狗说成无性别区分的“它”的时候 yourself some money: let your dog run free and 难道我还得从你那叭儿狗的趾高气扬的步伐中 你干吗要生气? 你干吗要生气? use a看出某种女性的气质来吗? with instead. large stick to trip people 看出某种女性的气质来吗? And why do you get offended when I refer to your dog as “it”? Was it supposed to be checking out its genitals the whole time? Or am I just supposed to get some kind of feminine vibe from your bulldog’s strut?
I. Review and comments on the assignment 我认识的一个妇人每年都给她的狗们 举行类似犹太男孩成人仪式. 举行类似犹太男孩成人仪式. 即使是从宗教的角度来看这也是不正确的。 即使是从宗教的角度来看这也是不正确的。 人们还为他们的狗织衣服。 人们还为他们的狗织衣服。 A woman I know throws her dogs a Bar Mitzvah 我可从来没有织过什么东西。 我可从来没有织过什么东西。 如果结婚意味着织衣服,而不是买只戒指, 如果结婚意味着织衣服 correct on a religious every year. That’s not even ,而不是买只戒指, 不过,那么就会出现更多的婚外生育。 编织似乎是件很严肃而费劲的事。 不过 People knit their dogs things. Now 编织似乎是件很严肃而费劲的事 level.,那么就会出现更多的婚外生育。 。 I’ve never knitted anything, but it looks like a pretty serious endeavor. If getting married meant knitting something instead of buying a ring, there would be even more out-of –wedlock births.

翻译技巧词类转换法

翻译技巧词类转换法
在翻译过程中, 假如绝对地按照原语旳词 性进行翻译,有时译文会显得晦涩或不符合 译语旳体现习惯。这时, 我们能够对原语 旳词性进行转换翻译。英译汉中常见旳词性 转换有下列几种方面。
常用词类转换形式
A. Converting to verbs(转译成动词)
1 名词转译成动词 (n.---v.) 2 介词转译成动词。(prep.---v.) 3 形容词转译成动词(adj.---v.) 4 副词转译为动词(adv.---v.)
新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们旳尊敬。
Exercise
1. Arrogance and complacence turned out to be his ruin.
2. With slight modification each type can be used for all three systems.
重量单位是克,长度单位是米,容量单位是升。
The machine can dimensionally be changeable according to consumers’ need.
机器旳在大小(或尺寸)能够根据顾客旳需要变化。
All you have done is proportional to all you
发展旳道路虽然漫长,可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。
He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand.
他在公园散步,手里拿着一把伞。
It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty.
have achieved.

英汉互译八种技巧

英汉互译八种技巧
man; and writing an exact man. ❖ 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。 ❖ Histories make men wise; poets witty; the
mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. ❖ 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科 学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善 辩。
thought and thought it over and over. 他有又上床去,左思右想,想个不停。
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这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.
of success. ❖ 不要害怕失败。失败是成功之母。 ❖ Translation from Chinese into English is not
so easy as that from English into Chinese. ❖ 汉译英不像英译汉那么容易。 ❖ A large family has its difficulties. ❖ 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。
常用的翻译技巧
1. 重复法 (repetition) 2. 增译法 (amplification) 3. 减译法 (omission) 4. 词类转换法 (conversion) 5. 词序调整法 (inversion) 6. 分译法 (division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法 (negation)(反译法) 8. 语态 变换法 (the change of the voices)

翻译技巧-3

翻译技巧-3

4. 转换为汉语的副词 (1) 形容词转换为副词 形容词所修饰的名词如果转译为动词则形容词要相应转译为副词。如: 例 30:He whispere匆匆地跟母亲小声道别。 例 31:They can speak good English. 译文:他们英语讲得很好。 例 32:The electronic dictionary is a fairly recent development. 译文:电子词典是最近才发展起来的。 (2) 名词转换为副
译文:这台新机器的效率比旧的要高得多。 例 15:This room is 7 meters
long, 5 meters wide and 3 meters high. 译文:这房间的长度是 7 米,宽度是 5 米,高度是 3 米。 (3) 副词转换为名词 一些由名词派生的副词在翻译的过程中经常转译为名词,如: 例 16:The figure of deaths was officially announced two days later. 译文:两天后官方宣布了死亡的人数。 例 17:He is physically weak but mentally sound. 译文:他身体虽弱,但心智健全。 例 18:Leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the future, not wedded to the past. 译文:领导者在感情上和理智上都是面向未来的,而不是沉溺于过去。 3.转换成汉语的形容词 (1) 名词转换为形容词 通常转译为形容词的名词,大多是由形容词词根派生的名词,如: 例 19:The security and warmth of this room are wonderful. 译文:这个房间既安全又暖和,非常好。 例 20:I found great difficulty in solving this problem. 译文:我发现这个问题很难解决。 例 21:We are fully aware of the necessity in introducing new schemes. 译文:我们清楚地认识到,引进新的机制是十分必要的。 例 22:The performance was quite a success. 译文:演出非常成功。 例 23:I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries. 译文:我认识到,通过中间人跟他们打交道是很愚蠢的。 有些情况下, 为了使译文自然通顺, 也可以灵活地把英语中其他名词转译为汉语的形容词。 例如: 例 24:They said my story was a yawn. 译文:他们说我讲的故事很乏味。 例 25:He is a perfect stranger in the city. 译文:他对这座城市完全陌生。 例 26:That fellow is a typical fool. 译文:那个家伙笨得出奇。 (2) 副词转换为形容词 在翻译的过程中, 若副词所修饰的动词或形容词转译成名词, 则相应的副词也就要转译成形容词, 如: 例 27:I was deeply impressed by their hospitality. 译文:他们的热情好客给我留下了深刻的印象。 动词 “impress”转译为汉语中的名词“印象”时, 修饰“impress”的副词“deeply”也就相应 转译成汉语的形容词“深刻的”。类似的例子还有: 例 28:The flood was closely related to the heavy rain in the upper reaches of the river. 译文:洪水与河流上游的大雨有密切的关系。 例 29:It is demonstrated that gases are perfectly elastic. 译文:已经证实,气体具有理想的弹性。

词类转译法

词类转译法

试译:
1)I’m not a mind reader. 2)Parents are always our perfect and minute lovers. 3)Lin Zexu was the most successful opium banner. 4) Being a successful organizer of this
→转译成名词
3) 形容词转译成名词: 英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示一 类人,汉译为名词。例: Do not look down upon the poor. 不要看不起穷人。 The weak should be protected. 弱者应受到保护。
→转译成形容词
1)形容词派生的名词常转译成形容词:
英译汉过程中词类转换
1) 转译成动词: a)名词转译成动词; b)介词转译成动词; c)形容词转译成动词; d) 副词转译成动词.
a) 名词→ 转译成动词
英语中大量由动词派生的名词和具有
动作意义的名词常可转译成动词: 1) 动词派生的名词转译成动词。 2) 含有动作意思的名词转译成动词。 3) 英语中有些加后缀的名词,不是指 其身份和职业,而是含有较强的动 作意味,通常转译成动词。 4)作为习语主体的名词常转译成动词。
→转译成名词
1)名词派生的动词或由名词转 用的动词转译成名词; 2) 英语被动句式,可译成“受 到/遭到---+名词”或“予以/ 加以---+名词”结构; 3) 形容词转译成名词。
→转译成名词
1)英语中很多名词派生的动词或由名词转 用的动词,在汉语中往往不易找到合适的 动词,这时可以转译成名词。 例:Formality has always
他们不敢肯定能否挽救他的生命。 Is he able to do it? 他能够做那件事吗? I have to be cautious. 我必须小心谨慎才是。 She was always confident. 她总是信心十足。

Unit 6 翻译技巧--词类转换法

Unit 6 翻译技巧--词类转换法

6. Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 7. Father passed his hand over his face. 8. Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 9. The girl impressed her boyfriend’s relatives favorably with her vivacity and sense of humor. 10. I mumbled an embarrassed “no, thank you” and thrust my misshapen hands into my lap.
Unit Six
Translation Techniques (2) Conversion of Part of Speech
I. Teaching contents
A. Converting to verbs(转译成动词) (转译成动词) B. Converting to nouns(转译成名词) (转译成名词) C. Converting to other parts of speech(其它词类转译) (其它词类转译)
Conversion of part of speech in translation 在翻译过程中, 如果绝对地按照原语的 词性进行翻译,有时译文会显得晦涩或 不符合译语的表达习惯。这时, 我们可 以对原语的词性进行转换翻译。英译汉 中常见的词性转换有以下-v. ) 名词转译成动词( 名词转译成动词 英语中具有动作意义的名词,汉译时往往可转化为动词。 Examples: They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他们举行罢工,要求工资增加40%。 40% He is an enemy to reform. 他反对改革。 Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation. 国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。

翻译技巧3 词类的转译

翻译技巧3 词类的转译
36
2)此外,根据情况还有些形容词 可以译成名词。
例:Stevenson was eloquent and elegant——but soft. 史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软 弱。
37
练习:
Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship.
• 同一类词在不同的上下文中,
或由不同的译者翻译,完全可能 转化成不同的词类,但这并不意 味着词类转换可以随心所欲,必 须忠实于原文意义。
11
常见的词类转换类型:
一、转换成汉语动词 二、转换成汉语名词
三、转换成汉语形容词
四、转换成汉语副词
12
一、转换成汉语动词
1、名词转译成动词
2、介词与介词短语转译成动词
20
例:I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I . 恐怕我不能教你游泳。我想我的小弟 弟比我教得更好。
21
练习:
Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings.
3、形容词转译成动词
4、副词转译成动词
13
一、转换成汉语动词

1、名词转译成动词 英语中许多含有动作意义的名词 和由动词派生的名词以及其他一些 名词经常可以转译成汉语的动词。
14
1)具有动作含义的名词转译成动词。 The remembrance of these will add zest to his life. ×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活 的乐趣。 【译文】 回想起这些事情,使他的生活 增添了乐趣。

句子翻译一:词类转换(2)

句子翻译一:词类转换(2)

• Environmentally damaging waste
不按词性按词类
传统的语法: environmentally(副词), Damaging(形容词化了的动名词) 译成“在环境上有损害的废物”

奈达的分析法: environmentally (objec), Damaging(event) Waste (object) 三个词之间的修饰关系是 3(waste) does 2(damage) to 1 (environment) 译成“损害环境的废物”。
example
• 3.A glance through his office
window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.
• 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛 顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。
Be done 受….到… 遇….到… 令…..
example
• He was treated very shabbily by the press . • I was encouraged by our president.
形容词转换 1. 形容词转译成副词 2. 形容词转译成名词 3. 形容词译成动词


作为习语主体的名词 转译成动词
有些短语中作为中心主体词的名词往往 • 可转译成动词,如To have a rest 和To have a good look at 里的rest 和look.
example
• You must be tired. Why don’t you take a rest? ?你一定很累了为什么不休息一会呢 •
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A. 名词转译成动词(基本方法)


(一)具有动态意义的名词(1) “… of …” 结构(2)短语结构翻译顺序 :顺译与逆译 1. It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity. 2. What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions. 就噪音而论,所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。 3. Insistence on human rights


练习(一)
1. The Census Bureau,the data agency charged with creating statistics on household incomes and their distribution, does not maintain an official definition of middle class status. 2. During the half-hour talk, the two sides exchanged views on the choice of terms of payment, but they made no mention of the mode of transportation. (在半小时的商谈中,双方就付 款方式交换了意见,但没有提到运输方式。)





5. Basically applied science starts with the clear understanding of a human need and then uses all the available scientific knowledge to assist in the satisfaction of this need. 归根到底,应用科学的出发点是清楚地了解人类的某一项需要,然后利用一 切现有的科学知识去帮助满足这种需要。 6. Pure science is primarily concerned with the development of theories and the establishment of the relations between the phenomena of the universe. 理论科学的主要任务是发展理论,建立宇宙间各种现象之间的关系。 7. Increasingly, there is talk of viewer participation in television; two-way TV programs will make it possible to take part in a soap opera or football game as if the viewer were there. 人们越来越多的谈论着电视观众参与电视节目的问题,双向电视节目将使电 视观众有可能参加电视连续剧的演出或足球比赛,犹如身临其境。 8. In general, drying a solid means the removal of relatively small amounts of water or other liquid from the solid material to reduce the content of residual liquid to an acceptable low value. 一般情况下,固体干燥指的是从固体材料中除去相对少量的水或其他液体, 从而使残留液体的含量减少到可接受的低水平。
A. 名词转译成动词(基本方法)
(四)短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词



1. The next news bulletin(新闻节目), shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration. 2. She had high praise for Dr. Smith, although she complained about his strictness. 3.The party branch secretary showed great concern for the students’ health 4. He has already made mention of the matter in his speech.
I. Converting to verbs
A. 名词转译成动词(概述)
1. They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他们举行罢工,要求工资增加40%。 2. Give me liberty or give me death. 不自由, 毋宁死。 3. He is an enemy to reform. 他反对改革。 4. Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation. 国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近 与合作。
A. 名词转译成动词(基本方法)

Leabharlann 4. Many people in industry and the service, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time. 工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会,他们认为对这 个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。 5. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 练习: 1. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israel withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israel’s right to exist.

I. Converting to verbs
练习(二)




1. Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk of the universe, but its existence, if it stands the test of time, will probably require the development of new theories of physics. 暗能量视乎占据了宇宙的大部分空间, 不仅如此,如果它的存在能够经受 时间的考验,那么有可能需要建立新的物理学理论。 2. The same is true of galaxy clusters, the largest coherent bodies in the universe---assemblages of thousands of galaxies embedded in a vast cloud of hot gas and bound together by gravity. 对于星系群来说是如此,星系群是宇宙中最大的联合体,集中了数千个星 系,埋藏在巨大的热气云团中,由重力联系在一起。 3. Scientists say that government construction of a multi-billion-dollar, permanent space station could aid in detecting natural disasters on earth in advance, conducting medical research and collecting solar energy to transmit back. 科学家认为,由政府建造一个耗资数十亿美元的永久空间站会有助于预测 地球上的自然灾害,进行医学研究,以及收集太阳能并将其送回地面。 4. The analysis will require the development of new theoretical tools but should be within our grasp in the next few years. 要做这方面的分析就需要开发新的理论工具,不过今后几年中我们就会掌 握分析的方法。


A. 名词转译成动词(基本方法)


(二)英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词,
并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。 1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的(机声),令我 们特别神 往。 2. As the week draw to a close, the enemy rout was complete. 一周快结束时, 敌人彻底溃退了。
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