新概念英语119课讲义
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Lesson119 A true story 讲义重点一、本课重要单词story: n. 故事; a detective story 侦探小说;happen: v. 发生、碰巧;
How did it happen? 那是怎么发生的?
掌握一个重要句型:It happens + that…..:碰巧
It happens that he knows the truth. 碰巧他知道事情的真相。thief: n.贼,小偷;注意thief的复数形式为thives.另外像knife 的复数形式为knives.
enter: v. 进入;加入,参加;
He entered university at the age of 18. 他18岁上了大学。dark: adj. 黑暗的;It was a dark night. 那是个黑夜。
torch: n.手电筒;turn on a torch 开手电筒;turn off a torch 关掉手电筒。
voice: n.声音;in an angry voice 以生气的声音;lose one 'voice: 失声;
parrot: n. 鹦鹉;二、本课重要知识点
1. I want to tell you a true story.
我想告诉你一个真实的故事。
在本句中我们要掌握tell 的用法:
(1)tell sb sth=tell sth to sb :告诉某人某事。例:I want to tell you something wonderful. 我想要告诉你一些好玩的事。
I want to tell something wonderful to you. 我想要告诉你一些好
玩的事。
(2)tell sb to do sth: 告诉某人去做某事;例:She told me to finish my homework on time. 她告诉我要按时完成作业。
I told him to turn on the light. 我告诉他打开灯。
2. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago. 这是一年前发生在我的一个朋友身上的故事。在本句中我们要掌握happen 的具体用法:(1)happen to sb: 某事发生在某人身上;例:
She hoped nothing bad would happen to him. 她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。
(2)happen to do sth:碰巧.. .•;
I happened to see him on the street. 我碰巧在大街上遇到他
了。
(3)It happens + that ... 碰巧 .. :-
It happens that the actor is her brother. 那个演员碰巧是她的
哥哥。
It happens that she also likes swimming.
碰巧她也喜欢游泳。
3. 掌握以下重要短语:
A friend of mine: 我朋友中的一个。
Turn on a torch: 打开手电筒。
What 's up?: 什么事?
Run away:逃跑;
As quickly as possibl e:尽可能快地;
Come downstairs: 下楼;
Go back to sleep:回去睡觉;
4. 重要语法:过去完成时。
过去完成时指过去某一时刻或动作以前己经完成的动作,或
由过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,主
要用来表示“过去的过去” 。
(一)基本结构
主语+had+动词的过去分词,例:
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came o我在车站等了20分钟,一辆公共汽车终于来了。
He left the room after he had turned off the light.
他把灯关上之后,离开了房间。
动词过去分词的规则变化:
①一般情况下,在动词后加ed 构成:work / worked, stay / stayed, shout / shouted 等。
②在以-e 结尾动词后只加d:close / closed, like / liked, live / lived, smile / smiled 等。
③以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词,应将y 改为i 再加-ed :study / studied, carry / carried 等。
④以重读闭音节或r 音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要
双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed:stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred 等。
(二)基本用法:过去完成时指过去某一时刻或动作以前己经完成的动作,或由过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,主要用来表示“过去的过去” 。例:
He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。(去北京这一动作在“说”之前已经完成,即“过去的过去” )The bus had already left by the time I got there. 等我到那的时候,汽车已经开走了。
(汽车开走这一动作发生在我“到那”之前。)
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949 年以来他就在那家工厂工作。(由过去的时间1949 一直延续到过去某一时间)
(三)句型转换
①在过去完成时做主句的情况下,把肯定句转换成疑问句只
需要把had 提到主语前面即可,例:
The bus had already left by the time I got there. (变疑问句)等我到那的时候,汽车已经开走了。
Had the bus already left by the time you got there? 你到那的时候汽车已经开走了吗?
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday 在上周三以前他们已经种了六百棵树了。