火灾自动报警外文翻译及外文原文

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火灾报警器中英文文献翻译

外文文献原稿和译文原稿Multiple single-chip microcomputer approach tofire detection and monitoring systemA.J. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDD. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDM.S. Khassem, MScIndexing term : Hazards, Design, Plant condition monitoringAbstract: A complete system for fire detection and alarm monitoring has been proposed for complex plants. The system uses multiple single chip architecture attached to a party line. The control algorithm is based on a two-level hierarchy of decision making, thus the complexity is distributed. A complete circuit diagram is given for the local and the central station with requirements for the software structure. The design is kept in general form such that it can be adapted to a multitude of plant configurations. It is particularly shown how new developments in technology, especially CMOS single chip devices, are incorporated in the system design to reduce the complexity of the overall hardware, e.g. by decomposing the system such that lower levels of hierarchy are able to have some autonomy in decision making, and thus a more complex decision is solved in a simple distributed method.1 Detection and alarm devicesA basic fire detection system consists of two parts, detection and annunciation. An automatic detection device, such as a heat, smoke or flame detector, ultraviolet or infrared detectors or flame flicker, is based on detectingthe byproduct of a combustion. Smoke detectors, of both ionization and optical types, are the most commonly useddetector devices. When a typical detector of this type enters the alarm state its current consumption increasesfrom the pA to the mA range (say, from a mere 15pA in the dormant mode to 60 mA) in the active mode. Inmany detectors the detector output voltage is well defined under various operating conditions, such as thosegiven in Table 1. The more sensitive thedetector, the more susceptible it is to false alarms.In order to control the detector precisely, either of the following methods is used: a coincidence technique can be built into the detector, or a filtering technique such that a logic circuit becomes active only if x alarms are detected within a time period T. The detection technique depends greatly on the location and plant being protected; smoke detectors are used for sleeping areas, infrared or ultraviolet radiation are used when flammable liquids are being handled, heat detectors are used for fire suppression or extinguishing systems. In general, life and property protection have different approaches.Alarm devices, apart from the usual audible or visible alarms, may incorporate solid state sound reproduction and emergency voice communication or printers that record time, date, location and other information required by the standard code of practice for fire protection for complex plants. Heaviside [4] has an excellentreview of all types of detectors and extinguisher systems.1.1 Control philosophy and division of labourOur control philosophy is implemented hierarchically. Three levels of system hierarchy are implemented, with two levels of decision making. There is no communication between equipment on the same level. Interaction between levels occurs by upwards transfer of information regarding the status of the subsystems and downwards transfer of commands. This is shown in Fig. 1 where at level 1 is the central station microcomputer and is the ultimate decision maker (when not in manual mode). At level 2 are the local controllers, which reside in the local stations. At level 3 are the actual detectors and actuators.A manual mode of operation is provided at all levels.Information regarding the status of all detectors is transmitted on a per area basis to the local controllers. Their information is condensed and transmitted upward to the central microcomputer. Transfer of status is always unidirectional and upwards. Transfer of commands is always unidirectional and downwards, with expansion at the local control level. This approach preserves the strict rules of the hierarchy for exact monitoring detection and alarm systems associated with high risk plants.classification of the two layers of controls is based upon layers of decision making, with respect to the facts that(a) When the decision time comes, the making and implementation of a decision cannot be postponed(b) The decisions have uncertainty(c) It will isolate local decisions (e.g. locally we might have an alarm although there may be a fault with the system)2 General hardwareI :Fig. 2 depicts our design in the simplest of forms. The system uses an open party line approach with four conductor cables going in a loop shared by all the remote devices and the control panel. This approach is simple in concept and is economically feasible. However, one major disadvantage is the dependency on a single cable for power and signaling. In cases where reliability is of extreme importance,two or even three cables taking differentroutes throughout the system may be connected in parallel. Fig. 3 gives the driver circuitry required to derive an expandable bus. This design takes advantage of recent advances in the single chip microcomputer technology to reduce the interface between the central station and the local stations.2. 1CentralcontroltaskAcentral unit provides acentralized point tomonitor and controlthe system activities. In the system to be described the central control unit serves a fivefold purpose.(i) It receives information from the local stations and operates the alarms and other output devices.(ii) It notifies the operator in case of system malfunction.(iii) It provides an overall system control manual and automatic.(iu) It provides a system test point of local stations and itself.(u) It provides a central point for observation, learning and adaptation.2.2 Local stationsThe local stations can take local decisions regarding recognition of a risk situation, and act independently on local affairs. In this technique we depend on ‘load-type coordination’, e.g. the lower level units recognize the existence of other decision units on the same level; the central or the top level provides the lower units with a model of the relationship between its action and the response of the system.It is evident that a powerful machine is required at this stage so that all the required functions can be implemented. The availability of the new generation of microchips makes this architecture a feasible solution.A single chip microcomputer was chosen over discrete digital and analogue devices to interface to the field devices and to the central microcomputer. This is the main reason that previously this approach was not feasible.In selecting the microcomputer for the local stations, the criterion was the requirement for a chip which contains the most integration of the analogue and digital ports required for the interface and the utilization of CMOS technology owing to remoteness of the local stations. The choice was the Motorola 68HC11A4, for the following reasons:(a) It is CMOS technology; this reduces power consumption.(b) It has a UART on board; this facilitates serial communication.(e) It has an a/d converter on board; this eliminates an external A/D.(d) It has 4K of ROM, 256 bytes of RAM, 512 bytes of EERROM with 40 1/0 lines and a 16 bit timer; this satisfied all our memory and 1/0 requirements at the local station side.3 System implementationThe local station: Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the circuit used to utilize the MC68HCllA4 as a remote fire detecting circuit while Fig. 4 illustrates the same circuit in an expanded form. It can be seen that the single microcontroller can be used to monitor more than one detector, thus reducing system cost.The loop power supply, which is usually between 28 and 26 V, is further regulated by a 5 V 100 mA monolithic low power voltage regulator to supply power to the microcontroller. The onboard oscillator,coupled with anexternal crystalof 2.4576 MHz,supplies themicrocontrollerwith its timingsignal which isdividedinternally by fourto yield a processor frequency of 614.4 kHz, which is an even multiple of the RS 232 [7] baud rate generator. In this Section the term ‘supervised input or output’ will be used to mean that the function in question is monitored for open- and short-circuit conditions in addition to its other normal functions. More information can be found in Reference 9.4 Main loop5 ConclusionThis paper describes the development of a large scale fire detection and alarm system using multi-single chip microcomputers. The architecture used is a two-level hierarchy of decision making. This architecture is made possible by the new CMOS microcontrollers which represent a high packing density at a low power consumption yet are powerful in data processing and thus in decision making. Each local station could make an autonomous decision if the higher level of hierarchy allows it to do so. It has been tried to keep the system design in general format so it can be adapted to varying situations. A prototype of the described system has been built and tested [10]. The control part of the central station is implemented with a development card based on MC 68000 microprocessor (MEX 68KECB, by Motorola), which has a built-in monitor called Tutor. The application programs were developed using the features provided by this monitor. The local stations’ controllers were designed using the MC 68705R3, single-chip microcontroller.7 References1 ‘Fire protection guidelines for nuclear power plants’, US NRC Regulatory Guide 1.1202 BAGCHI, C.N.: ‘A multi-level distributed microprocessor system for a nuclear power plant fire protection system controls, monitoring, and communication’, IEEE Trans., 19823 PUCILL, P.M.: ‘Fire hazard protection, detection and monitoring systems’, Sea. Con, 2,Proceedings of Symposium on ADV in offshore and terminal measurement and control systems, Brighton, England, March 1979, pp. 353-3634 HEAVISID, L.: ‘Offshore fire and explosion detection and fixed fire’. Offshore Technological Conference, 12th Annual Proceedings, Houston, Texas, May 1980, pp. 509-5225 CELLENTANI, E.N., and HUMPHREY, W.Y.: ‘Coordinated detect ion/communication approach to fire protection’, Specify: Eng.,6 ‘Motorola Microprocessors Data Manual’ (Motorola Semiconductor Products, Austin, Texas, USA)7 Electronic Industries Association : ‘Interface between data terminal equipment and data communic ation equipment employing serial binary data interchange’ (EIA Standard RS-232, Washington, DC, 1969)8 MESAROVIC, M.D., MACKO, D., TAKAHARA, Y.: ‘Theory of hierarchical multilevel systems’ (Academic Press, 1970)9 KASSEM, M.: ‘Fire alarm systems’, MSc. th esis, Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, 198510 LIE, P., and KOTAMARTI, U.: ‘The design of a fire alarm system using microprocessors’, C481 Project, Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, 1986译文基于单片机的火灾探测和监控系统A.J. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDD. AI-Khalili, MSc, PhDM.S. Khassem, MSc关键词：危险，设计，设备状态监测摘要：火灾探测及报警监控已成为一个复杂而完整的体系。

火灾报警器中英文资料外文翻译文献

火灾报警器中英文资料外文翻译文献中英文资料外文翻译文献Multiple single-chip microcomputer approach tofire detection and monitoring systemIndexing term : Hazards, Design, Plant condition monitoring Abstract: A complete system for fire detection and alarm monitoring has been proposed for complex plants. The system uses multiple single chip architecture attached to a party line. The control algorithm is based on a two-level hierarchy of decision making, thus the complexity is distributed. A complete circuit diagram is given for the local and the central station with requirements for the software structure. The design is kept in general form such that it can be adapted to a multitude of plant configurations. It is particularly shown how new developments in technology, especially CMOS single chip devices, are incorporated in the system design to reduce the complexity of the overall hardware, e.g. by decomposing the system such that lower levels of hierarchy are able to have some autonomy in decision making, and thus a more complex decision is solved ina simple distributed method.1 IntroductionRegulatory requirements for most high risk plants and buildings mandate the installation of fire detection and warning systems for all sensitive areas of the plant or the building. Most fire codes state the requirement for monitoring and control specifically related to a type of a plant or building such as chemical plants, petroleum, nuclear plants, residential high-rises etc. A general conclusion of these codes can be specified as thefollowing requirements :(a) The source of all detector signals should be exactly identifiable by the central station(b) An extra path of communication between the central station and all localcontrollers(c) Direct means of control of alarm and central equipment by the central station(d) Means of communication between the central station and the fire department(e) Availability of emergency power supply. The codes usually also specify the types and frequency of tests for all equipment.A fire detection and alarm system is a combination of devices designed to signal an alarm in case of a fire. The system may also accomplish fan control, fire door hold or release, elevator recall, emergency lighting control and other emergency functions. These additional functions supplement the basic system which consists of detection and alarm devices and central control unit.Technology has an influence on system architecture. When technology changes, the architecture has to be revised to take advantage of these changes. In recent years, VLSI technology has been advancing at an exponential rate. First NMOS and, in the last year or two, CMOS chips have been produced with the same packing density with more gates per chip yet at a lower power consumption than NMOS. Surely this change in technology must affect our design of hardware at both the chip and the system level. At the chip level, single chips are now being produced which are equivalent to board levels of only the previous year or two. These chips have microprocessor, memory in RAM and ROM,IO Ports both serial and parallel, A/D timer, flags and other functions on chip. At the system level, the new chips make new architectures possible. The objective of this paper is to show how technology can influence system architecture in the field of fire control. The new high density single chip microcontrollers are incorporated in the design of a large scale system and yet we obtain a smaller system with a better performance. In terms of fire detection and alarm monitoring, this is reflected directly in the local station hardware, because of their remoteness and power supply requirements. A complete local station can be designed around a single CMOS chip with power consumption of a few m W depending on system operation. This approach reduces the cost and complexity of design, implementation and maintenance and provides easily expandable and portable design. This implementation was not possible with old technology. Most of firedetection/monitoring systems available are tailored towards a specific application and lack the use of recent advances in CMOS VLSI technology. In this study, we develop a fire detection/monitoring system which is general in concept, readily implementable in a multitude of applications for early detection of a fire before it becomes critical, for equipment and evacuation of personnel. Here, we propose a central control and distributed control/detection/monitoring with adequate communication, where use is made of single-chip microcontrollers in the local stations, thus improving controllability and observability of the monitoring process.2 Detection and alarm devicesA basic fire detection system consists of two parts, detection and annunciation. An automatic detection device, such as a heat,smoke or flame detector, ultraviolet or infrared detectors or flame flicker, is based on detectingthe byproduct of a combustion. Smoke detectors, of both ionization and optical types, are the most commonly used detector devices. When a typical detector of this type enters the alarm state its current consumption increasesfrom the pA to the mA range (say, from a mere 15pA in the dormant mode to 60 mA) in the active mode. Inmany detectors the detector output voltage is well defined under various operating conditions, such as thosegiven in Table 1. Themore sensitive the detector, themore susceptible it is to falsealarms. In order to control the detector precisely, either of the following methods is used: a coincidence technique can be built into the detector, or a filtering technique such that a logic circuit becomes active only if x alarms are detected within a time period T. The detection technique depends greatly on the location and plant being protected; smoke detectors are used for sleeping areas, infrared or ultraviolet radiation are used when flammable liquids are being handled, heat detectors are used for fire suppression or extinguishing systems. In general, life and property protection have different approaches.Alarm devices, apart from the usual audible or visible alarms, may incorporate solid state sound reproduction and emergency voice communication or printers that record time, date, location and other information required by the standard code of practice for fire protection for complex plants. Heaviside [4] has an excellent review of all types of detectors and extinguisher systems.2.1 Control philosophy and division of labourOur control philosophy is implemented hierarchically. Three levels of system hierarchy are implemented, with two levels of decision making. There is no communication between equipment on the same level. Interaction between levels occurs by upwards transfer of information regarding the status of the subsystems and downwards transfer of commands. This is shown in Fig. 1 where at level 1 is the central station microcomputer and is the ultimate decision maker (when not in manual mode). At level 2 are the local controllers, which reside in the local stations. At level 3 are the actual detectors and actuators. A manual mode of operation is provided at all levels.Information regarding the status of all detectors is transmitted on a per area basis to the local controllers. Their information is condensed and transmitted upward to the central microcomputer. Transfer of status is always unidirectional and upwards. Transfer of commands is always unidirectional and downwards, with expansion at the local control level. This approach preserves the strict rules of the hierarchy for exact monitoring detection and alarm systems associated with high risk plants.The classification of the two layers of controls is based upon layers of decision making, with respect to the facts that(a) When the decision time comes, the making and implementation of a decision cannot be postponed(b) The decisions have uncertainty(c) It will isolate local decisions (e.g. locally we might have an alarm although there may be a fault with the system)3 General hardwareI :Fig. 2 depicts our design in the simplest of forms. Thesystem uses an open party line approach with four conductor cables going in a loop shared by all the remote devices and the control panel. This approach is simple in concept and is economically feasible. However, one major disadvantage is the dependency on a single cable for power and signaling. In cases where reliability is of extremeimportance, two or even three cables taking differentroutes throughout the system may be connected in parallel. Fig. 3 gives the driver circuitry required to derive an expandable bus. This design takes advantage of recent advances in the single chip microcomputer technology to reduce the interface between the central station and the local stations.3. 1 Central control taskA central unit provides a centralized point to monitor and control the systemactivities. In the system to be described the central control unit serves a fivefold purpose.(i) It receives information from the local stations and operates the alarms and other output devices.(ii) It notifies the operator in case of system malfunction.(iii) It provides an overall system control manual and automatic.(iu) It provides a system test point of local stations and itself.(u) It provides a central point for observation, learning and adaptation.3.2 Local stationsThe local stations can take local decisions regarding recognition of a risk situation, and act independently on local affairs. In this technique we depend on ‘load-type coordination’, e.g. the lower level units recognize the existenceof other decision units on the same level; the central or the top level provides the lower units with a model of the relationship between its action and the response of the system.It is evident that a powerful machine is required at this stage so that all the required functions can be implemented. The availability of the new generation of microchips makes this architecture a feasible solution.A single chip microcomputer was chosen over discrete digital and analogue devices to interface to the field devices and to the central microcomputer. This is the main reason that previously this approach was not feasible.In selecting the microcomputer for the local stations, the criterion was the requirement for a chip which contains the most integration of the analogue and digital ports required for the interface and the utilization of CMOS technology owing to remoteness of the local stations. The choice was the Motorola 68HC11A4, for the following reasons:(a) It is CMOS technology; this reduces power consumption.(b) It has a UART on board; this facilitates serial communication.(e) It has an a/d converter on board; this eliminates an external A/D.(d) It has 4K of ROM, 256 bytes of RAM, 512 bytes of EERROM with 40 1/0 lines and a 16 bit timer; this satisfied all our memory and 1/0 requirements at the local station side.4 System implementationThe local station: Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the circuit used to utilize the MC68HCllA4 as a remote fire detecting circuit while Fig. 4 illustrates the samecircuit in an expanded form. It can be seen that the singlemicrocontroller can be used to monitor more than one detector, thus reducing system cost.The loop power supply, which is usually between 28 and 26 V, is further regulated by a 5 V 100 mA monolithic low power voltage regulator to supply power to the microcontroller. The onboard oscillator, coupled with an external crystal of 2.4576 MHz, supplies the microcontroller with its timing signal which is divided internally by four to yield a processor frequency of 614.4 kHz, which is an even multiple of the RS 232 [7] baud rate generator. In this Section the term ‘supe rvised input or output’ will be used to mean that the function in question is monitored for open- and short-circuit conditions in addition to its other normal functions. More information can be found in Reference 9.5 Main loop6 ConclusionThis paper describes the development of a large scale fire detection and alarm system using multi-single chip microcomputers. The architecture used is a two-level hierarchy of decision making. This architecture is made possible by the new CMOS microcontrollers which represent a high packing density at a low power consumption yet are powerful in data processing and thus in decision making. Each local station could make an autonomous decision if the higher level of hierarchy allows it to do so. It has been tried to keep the system design in general format so it can be adapted to varying situations. A prototype of the described system has been built and tested [10]. The control part of the central station is implemented with a development card based on MC 68000 microprocessor (MEX 68KECB, by Motorola), which has a built-in。

安全系统专业英语词汇

火灾警报alarm of fire火灾警报器fire alarm sounder火灾警报装置 fire alarm device火灾事故fire accident火灾探测和报警fire detection and alarm火灾探测器 fire detector火灾探测设备fire detection equipment火灾危害性fire hazard火灾危险fire danger/fire peril火灾危险性fire risk火灾显示盘 fire indicating panel火灾现场scene of fire火灾寻视器firefinder火灾自动报警系统 automatic fire alarm system火灾自动报警系统效用试验operational test for automatic fire alarm system机器处所的固定低膨胀泡沫灭火系统 low-expansion foam fire extinguishing system in machinery space机器处所的固定高膨胀泡沫灭火系统 high-expansion foam fire extinguishing system in machinery space机械控烟mechanical smoke control集中火灾报警控制器 central fire alarm control unit假火警false alarm of fire间接扑火indirect fire suppression减光型光电感烟火灾探测器 obscuration-type photoelectric smoke detector检烟系统smoke detection system脚面罩metatarsal guard截流管嘴shutoff nozzle紧急出口escape exit紧急信号emergency signal/urgency signal警报alarm警报阀alarm valve警报器alarm警报信号alarm signal警报信号器alarm annunciator警报信号系统alarm system警笛alarm whistle/****** whistle警铃alarm bell警惕装置vigilance device警钟alarm bell安全地带 safety zone安全度degree of safetysafety margin安全隔离security isolation安全工程（学）safety engineering安全工程师 safety engineer安全工作区area of safe operation安全管理safety control安全规程safety procedure/safety rules安全计划safety program安全记录safety records安全检查safety inspection安全教育（学）safety education安全距离safe distance安全科学safety science安全可靠性safe reliability安全控制标志safety control mark安全联锁装置 safety interlock安全帽 hard hatway out安全区place of safety/safe area/safety zone 安全区域safe region安全塞safety plug安全色 safety colo(u)r安全设备safety appliancesafety equipment安全设施safety device安全生产safety in production安全生产率safe productivity安全寿命safe life安全索life line安全条例safety regulations/safety rules安全网safe net安全问题safety problem安全系数assurance factorcoefficient of safetyfactor of safetysafety coefficientsafety factor安全系统protective system安全系统工程safety system engineering 安全信号safety signal安全性分析safety analysis安全性能safety performance安全性设计security design安全因数safety factor安全因素safety factor安全因子factor of safety安全预测safe prediction安全预防措施safety precaution安全员safety man安全运转safe operation安全运转率safe operation raterate of safe operation安全罩guard安全装置safety device安全状态safe state安全自毁器safety destructor氨基干粉amino group powder保安security保安措施security measures保安规程safety regulations保安控制标志safety control mark保安联锁装置protective interlock保安器protector保安器组件protector block保安装置safety appliancesafeguardprotective tapeprotective jacket保护装置的保护因数protection factor of protective device 保密锁privacy lock保密条例security/safety regulation保险的safealarm bell警铃警钟alarm clock报警时钟告警装置alarm for oil-gas concentration油气浓度报警器alarm free无报警alarm lamp确认灯alarm of fire火灾警报警报信号警报信号系统alarm valve报警阀警报阀alarm whistle警笛alarm报警报警器告警（信号）告警装置警报警报器alarming horn报警喇叭alertor报警器amino group powder氨基干粉灭火器antichemical security对化学警戒防化保卫（措施）重力防护服anti-kickback attachment防反向安全装置antiskid plate防滑板antiskidding防滑防滑的消火花的area of safe operation安全工作区arson放火assurance factor安全系数audible alarm音响报警设备音响警报auto-alarm自动报警自动报警装置automatic alarm system自动报警系统automatic alarm自动报警出口方向标志exit direction sign初始整体性破坏initial integrity failure大火控制large fire control大火团mass fire大事故major accidentmajor breakdownserious accident单路火灾报警控制器 single loop fire alarm control unit 蛋白泡沫液protein foam concentrate地上消火栓 post fire hydrant地下消火栓 flush fire hydrant点型感温火灾探测器 spot-type heat detector点型感烟火灾探测器 spot-type smoke detector点型火灾探测器 spot-type fire detector电动火灾警报器electrical fire alarm sounder电容式感烟火灾探测器 capacitor type smoke detector 定温火灾探测器 constant temperature fire detector fixed temperature fire detector断氧灭火smo(u)thering对化学警戒antichemical security多级安全证明multilevel security proof多路火灾报警控制器 multiple-loop fire alarm control unit惰化inerting惰化系统inerting system惰性气体灭火inert gas fire-fighting惰性气体灭火系统inert gas fire-fighting system惰性气体系统 inert gas system惰性气体系统效用试验operational test for inert gas system 二氧化碳灭火剂carbon dioxide extinguishing agent二氧化碳灭火器carbon dioxide fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火系统carbon dioxide extinguishing system防氨面罩kupramite防爆explosion-proof防爆的unexplosive防爆系统explosion protection system防盗prevention of burglary防盗报警装置burglar alarm防盗门burglar-proof door防毒面罩mask防反向安全装置anti-kickback attachment防护guard防护的protected防护帽valve cap防护面具face guard防护面罩face guard防护器件protective device防护设备protection device防护衣protective clothingvestguard防滑antiskiddingnonskid防滑板antiskid plate防滑的antiskidding防化保卫（措施）antichemical security防火fire preventionfire protectionfire safetyprevention of fire防火的fireprooffireproofing防火阀fireresisting damper防火分隔fire compartmentation防火分区fire compartment防火科学fire science防火疏散路线evacuation route protected防火性fire proofing防火装置fire control unit防窃报警器burglar alarmintrusion alarm防止偶发事故prevention of accident防止意外prevention of accident放火arson非爆炸危险场所non-hazardous areawindbreak氟蛋白泡沫液fluoro-protein foamite复合式火灾探测器combination type fire detector复火repeated fire干粉灭火剂powder extinguishing agent干粉灭火器dry-chemical fire extinguisherpowder fire extinguisher干粉灭火系统powder extinguishing system干粉炮powder fire monitor干粉抑爆剂powder suppressant干式喷水灭火系统dry sprinkler system感光火灾探测器optical flame fire detector感温火灾探测器heat fire detector感温火灾探测器响应时间下限值lower limit of response time of heat detector 感温灵敏度sensitivity to heat感烟火灾探测器smoke fire detector感烟火灾探测器灵敏度sensitivity of smoke detector感烟灵敏度sensitivity to smoke高空失事high-altitude accident告警（信号）alarm告警装置alarmalarm device隔音防火sound-and-fire proof个体防护用品personal protective equipment工程结构事故engineering structural accident工程事故engineering accident工程质量事故engineering qualitative accident工伤事故industrial accident工业安全industrial safetyindustrial security工业事故industrial accident工艺装备事故报告单accident voucher of tooling工作事故operating irregularity供气呼吸器supplied-air respirator供气面罩air-supply mask固定式灭火器fixed fire extinguisher固定式灭火系统fixed extinguishing system故障安全的fail-safe故障安全装置failure-safe device故障保险failure safe光电防盗报警器photoelectric intrusion detector光电感烟火灾探测器photoelectric smoke detector光电式烟雾探测器photoelectric smoke detector光电烟尘计photoelectric smoke meter过滤式口罩filter-type respirator过热警报器temperature alarm海上危险marine peril海损事故marine accident红外火警警报器infrared fire alarm红外火焰探测器infrared flame detector红外热警报器infrared heat alarm呼救脉冲emergency pulse呼救信号emergency pulse化学反应式灭火器chemical reaction fire extinguisher 化学灭火inhibition化学灭火器chemical fire extinguisher化学泡沫chemical foam混合灭火系统combined agent extinguishing system 火花扑灭装置spark quenching device火警报警器fire alarm火险fire danger火险等级fire size class火险级fire danger rating火险频度fire frequency火险期fire danger season火险区fire danger division火险天气fire danger weatherfire weather火险图fire risk map火险预警仪fire-danger meter火险指标fire danger index火行为fire behavior火旋风fire whirl火旋涡fire whirlthermal flame safeguard火焰期period of flaming火缘fire edge火灾firefire disaster火灾报警控制器fire alarm control unit火灾报警装置fire alarm installation火灾参数fire parameter火灾分类fire classification火灾荷载fire load火灾荷载密度fire load density火灾监测fire monitoring音响警报audible alarm引水消防泵fire priming pump隐患hidden dangerincipient fault隐燃火smo(u)ldering fire应急防护系统safety system应急工程emergency work迎面火back fire油气浓度报警器alarm for oil-gas concentration 预警器precaution device云梯scaling ladder云梯消防车aerial ladder fire truck灾难检测calamity detection真空喇叭vacuum horn蒸气喷射系统steam projection system蒸汽灭火系统steam fire smothering system重力防护服anti-G suit助燃物oxidizer贮气瓶式灭火器gas cartridge fire extinguisher 紫外火焰探测器ultraviolet flame detector自动安全装置automatic safety device自动保护automatic protection自动保护系统automatic protective system自动保护装置automatic safety device自动报火警系统automatic fire detection system自动报警auto-alarmautomatic alarm自动报警系统automatic alarm system自动报警装置autoalarmautomatic alarm自动防止故障危害的fail safe自动火灾信号automatic fire signal自动灭火self-extinguishing自动灭火装置automatic fire extinguisher自动喷水灭火系统water sprinkling system自动喷水系统工作试验operational test for automatic sprinkler system 自动抑爆系统automatic explosion suppression system自然控烟natural smoke control阻化防火ignition inhibition for fire prevention阻火器fire barrierbell救火fire fighting救火防毒面具smoke helmet救生life saving救生包survival kit救生背心life jacket救生袋life pack救生垫jumping cushion救生滑杆life sliding pole救生滑梯life slide救生囊life preserver救生抛绳设备life-throwing appliance救生器life preserver救生设备life-saving appliance救生设备安装installation of life-saving equipment救生设备到位检查general inspection of lifesaving appliance救生索life line救生梯emergency escape ladder救生网life net救生衣floatation jacketlife jacketlife vest救生衣灯lifejacket light救生属具life-equipment救助rescue局部应用灭火系统local application extinguishing system绝对紧急情况absolute urgency可拆式火灾探测器detachable type fire detector可复位火灾探测器resettable fire detectorrunning fire劳保labour insurance劳动安全科学labour safety science劳动保护labour protection劳动保护科学labour protection science劳动保护设施labour safety devices离子感烟火灾探测器ion smoke detector联用消防车universal fire truck临界事故报警器critical accident alarm磷酸盐干粉phosphate powder卤代烃灭火系统halogenated hydrocarbon fire extinguishing system（爆炸）危险场所hazardous area（摩托车驾驶员等戴的）护目镜goggles11extinguishing agent１２１１灭火剂１２１１灭火剂1211extinguishing agent1extinguishing agent１３０１灭火剂１３０１灭火剂1301extinguishing agent异常危险absolute urgency绝对紧急情况accident analysis report事故调查报告accident analysis事故分析accident book意外事故记录册accident control事故控制accident frequeucy事故频率accident hazard事故危险accident investigation事故调查accident pattern事故类型accident prevention program事故预防计划accident prevention安全措施事故防止事故预防accident probability事故可能性accident rate事故率accident recorder事故记录器accident report事故报告accident spot事故地点accident statistics事故统计accident voucher of tooling工艺装备事故报告单accident偶然事故事故意外事故accidental rate analysis事故率分析accidental report事故报告（书）accidental risk事故危险性accidental severity事故严重程度accidental site失事地点aerial ladder fire truck云梯消防车air-supply mask供气面罩alarm and protection system报警保护系统alarm annunciator警报信号器alarm apparatus报警器卤代烷灭火剂haloalkane extinguishing agent卤代烷灭火器haloalkane fire extinguisher卤代烷灭火系统haloalkane extinguishing system 卤代烷抑制剂haloalkane suppressant面具facepiece面罩face mask灭火extinguishmentoutfire灭火剂extinguishing agent灭火器annihilatorextinguisherfire extinguisherflame arrester灭火设备fire extinction equipment灭火水龙带fire hose灭火系统fire extinguisher system耐火完整性fire integrity耐火稳定性fire stability耐火装置fireproofing偶然事故accident抛射枪救生索等的nmortar泡沫－干粉联用消防车foam-powder universal fire truck泡沫控制剂foam controller泡沫灭火foam fire-fighting泡沫灭火剂fire-extinguishing foamfoam extinguishing agent泡沫灭火器foam fire extinguisher泡沫灭火系统foam extinguishing systemfoam fire extinguishing system泡沫溶液foam solution泡沫消防车foam fire turck泡沫液foam concentrate喷洒灭火系统fire sprinkling systemsprinkler system喷雾灭火机spraying extinguisher喷雾喷粉机sprayer-duster扑火fire suppression其他事故other accidents气体火灾探测器gas fire detector墙上消防栓wall hydrant抢险工程emergency work清水灭火器plain water fire extinguisher区域火灾报警控制器zone fire alarm control unit全面用火broadcast burning全淹没total flooding全淹没灭火系统total flooding extinguishing system确认灯alarm lamp热电警报器thermoelectric alarm热电偶定温火灾探测器thermocouple-type fixed temperature detector 热敏电阻定温火灾探测器thermistor-type fixed temperature detector 人身安全personal safety人员安全personal security人员伤亡personal casualty闪光警报warning blinker伤亡人数事故等的ntoll渗毒率toxicant leaching rate生保系统life support system生产事故industrial accident生存性survivability失火fire失事crash失事地点accidental site失效保险系统fail-safe system失效防护fail-safe湿式喷水灭火系统wet sprinkler system示警险区vigia事故accidentcasualtymalfunctionmishap事故报告accident report事故报告（书）accidental report事故地点accident spot事故调查accident investigation事故调查报告accident analysis report事故阀self-closing valve事故防止accident prevention事故分析accident analysis事故记录器accident recorder事故可能性accident probability事故控制accident control事故类型accident pattern事故率accident ratepossibility of trouble事故率分析accidental rate analysis事故频率accident frequeucy事故统计accident statistics事故危险accident hazard事故危险性accidental risk事故信号distress signal事故严重程度accidental severity事故预防accident prevention事故预防计划accident prevention program事后分析ex post analysisex post facto analysis手动复位火灾探测器manually resettable fire detector 手动火灾报警按钮manual fire alarm call point手动火灾警报器manual fire alarm sounder手抬机动消防泵portable fire pump with engine手提式灭火器portable fire extinguisher疏散路线evacuation route疏散设施means of evacuation疏散时间evacuation time疏散信号evacuation signal水罐消防车tanker水龙带fire hose水灭火系统water fire extinguishing system水灭火系统效用试验operational test for water fire-extinguishing system 水幕系统water curtain system水银接点定温火灾探测器mercury contact-type fixed temperature detector 瞬时式安全钳装置instantaneous safety gear酸碱灭火器soda-acid extinguishersoda-acid fire extinguisher损坏事故damage accident探测压力detection pressure碳酸氢钾干粉potassium bicarbonate powder碳酸氢钠干粉sodium bicarbonate powder逃生escape逃生人孔escape hatch特殊喷水灭火系统special sprinkler system通信指挥消防车command and communication fire vehicle通用火灾报警控制器general fire alarm control unit头盔helmet推车式灭火器transportable fire extinguisher脱险escape完全宽限safety allowance危害物hazard危险dangerhazardperil危险标志danger arrow危险信号danger signal违章操作operation against rules违章事故unprofessional accident温变自动启闭装置报警灭火设备的nthermostat无报警alarm free无危险no risk物理安全性physical security误报false alarm误报率火灾报警系统nrate of false alarm险情dangerous case险性事故dangerous accident线型感温火灾探测器line-type heat detector线型感烟火灾探测器line-type smoke detector线型火灾探测器line-type fire detector相互安全性mutual security消防fire protection消防电梯fire lift消防工程fire engineering消防技术fire technology消防接口fire coupling消防救援器材fire rescue equipments消防控制室fire protection control room消防龙头hydrant消防面具fire mask消防炮fire monitor消防破拆工具fire forcible entry tool消防枪fire branch消防栓fire hydrantfireplug自动报警装置automatic explosion suppression system自动抑爆系统automatic fire alarm system火灾自动报警系统automatic fire detection system自动报火警系统automatic fire extinguisher自动灭火装置automatic fire signal自动火灾信号automatic protection自动保护automatic protective system自动保护系统automatic safety device自动安全装置自动保护装置迎面火bell警钟best orientation最有利方位broadcast burning全面用火burglar alarm防盗报警装置防窃报警器burglar-proof door防盗门calamity detection灾难检测capacitor type smoke detector电容式感烟火灾探测器carbon dioxide extinguishing agent二氧化碳灭火剂carbon dioxide extinguishing system二氧化碳灭火系统carbon dioxide fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器carbon monoxide canister一氧化碳滤毒罐casualty事故一等（大）事故central fire alarm control unit集中火灾报警控制器意外事故chemical fire extinguisher化学灭火器chemical foam化学泡沫chemical reaction fire extinguisher化学反应式灭火器coefficient of safety安全系数collision preventation避碰combination type fire detector复合式火灾探测器combined agent extinguishing system混合灭火系统command and communication fire vehicle通信指挥消防车constant temperature fire detector定温火灾探测器意外事故失事critical accident alarm临界事故报警器damage accident损坏事故hydrantplug消防水带fire hose消防水炮fire water monitor消防水总管water fire main line消防梯fire ladder消防吸水管fire suction hose消防系统fire extinguishing system消防系统效用试验proof test for fire-extinguishing system 消防员常规防护装备fireman general protection equipment消防员特种防护装备fireman special protection equipment 消火花的antispark消火栓fire hydrant消焰器flame arrester宣传消防车propaganda fire vehicle压力温度安全器pressure-temperature relief device烟火探测fire smoke detection烟炱soot烟雾报警器smoke alarmsmoke detector遥控复位火灾探测器remotely resettable fire detector一般事故ordinary accident一般性消防术语general terms of fire一等（大）事故catastrophe一氧化碳滤毒罐carbon monoxide canister移动式灭火器mobile fire extinguisher移距travel distance异常危险abnormal risk抑爆explosion suppresion抑爆剂explosion suppressant抑爆器explosion suppressor易燃品inflammable易熔塞fusible plug易熔塞座fusible plug boss易于发生事故liable to accident意外事故accidentchance failurecontingency意外事故记录册accident book音响报警设备audible alarmindustrial safety工业安全industrial security工业安全inert gas fire-fighting system惰性气体灭火系统inert gas fire-fighting惰性气体灭火inert gas system惰性气体系统inerting system惰化系统inerting惰化易燃品infrared fire alarm红外火警警报器infrared flame detector红外火焰探测器红外热警报器inhibition化学灭火initial integrity failure初始整体性破坏installation of life-saving equipment救生设备安装instantaneous safety gear瞬时式安全钳装置intrusion alarm防窃报警器ion smoke detector离子感烟火灾探测器jumping cushion救生垫kupramite防氨面罩labour insurance劳保labour protection science劳动保护科学labour protection劳动保护labour safety devices劳动保护设施labour safety science劳动安全科学large fire control大火控制liable to accident易于发生事故life jacket救生背心救生衣life line安全索救生索life net救生网life pack救生袋life preserver救生囊救生器life saving救生life slide救生滑梯life sliding pole救生滑杆life support system生保系统life vest救生衣life-equipment救生属具最不利方位worst orientation最小损失防火理论minimum-damage fire-control theory 最有利方位best orientation最终安全出口final exitdanger arrow危险标志danger protecting function保险功能danger signal危险信号danger危险dangerous accident险性事故dangerous case险情degree of safety安全度detachable type fire detector可拆式火灾探测器detection pressure探测压力differential fire detector差温火灾探测器distress signal事故信号dry sprinkler system干式喷水灭火系统dry-chemical fire extinguisher干粉灭火器electrical fire alarm sounder电动火灾警报器emergency alarm bell报警铃emergency escape ladder救生梯emergency pulse呼救脉冲/呼救信号emergency signal紧急信号emergency work抢险工程/应急工程engineering accident工程事故engineering qualitative accident工程质量事故engineering structural accident工程结构事故escape exit紧急出口逃生人孔逃生脱险evacuation route protected防火疏散路线evacuation route疏散路线evacuation signal疏散信号evacuation time疏散时间ex post analysis事后分析ex post facto analysis事后分析exit direction sign出口方向标志exit sign出口标志explosion protection system防爆系统explosion risk indicator爆炸危险指示器explosion suppresion抑爆explosion suppressant抑爆剂explosion suppressor抑爆器explosion-proof防爆explosive accident爆炸事故exposure hazard暴露危险extinguisher灭火器extinguishing agent灭火剂灭火face guard防护面具防护面罩face mask面罩facepiece面具factor of safety安全系数安全因子fail safe自动防止故障危害的失效保险系统fail-safe故障安全的失效防护failure safe故障保险failure-safe device故障安全装置false alarm of fire假火警false alarm误报filter-type respirator过滤式口罩final exit最终安全出口fire accident火灾事故fire alarm control unit火灾报警控制器fire alarm device火灾警报装置fire alarm installation火灾报警装置fire alarm sounder火灾警报器fire alarm火警报警器阻火器火行为fire branch消防枪fire classification火灾分类fire compartment防火分区fire compartmentation防火分隔fire control unit防火装置fire coupling消防接口fire danger division火险区fire danger index火险指标fire danger rating火险级lifejacket light救生衣灯life-saving appliance救生设备life-throwing appliance救生抛绳设备line-type fire detector线型火灾探测器line-type heat detector线型感温火灾探测器line-type smoke detector线型感烟火灾探测器local application extinguishing system局部应用灭火系统lower limit of response time of heat detector感温火灾探测器响应时间下限值low-expansion foam fire extinguishing system in machinery space机器处所的固定低膨胀泡沫灭火系统major accident大事故major breakdown大事故事故manual fire alarm call point手动火灾报警按钮manual fire alarm sounder手动火灾警报器manually resettable fire detector手动复位火灾探测器marginal security不稳定安全海损事故marine peril海上危险防毒面罩mass fire大火团means of evacuation疏散设施mechanical smoke control机械控烟mercury contact-type fixed temperature detector水银接点定温火灾探测器metatarsal guard脚面罩minimum-damage fire-control theory最小损失防火理论mishap事故mobile fire extinguisher移动式灭火器multilevel security proof多级安全证明multiple-loop fire alarm control unit多路火灾报警控制器mutual security相互安全性natural smoke control自然控烟no risk无危险non-detachable type fire detector不可拆式火灾探测器non-hazardous area非爆炸危险场所non-resettable fire detector不可复位火灾探测器nonskid防滑obscuration-type photoelectric smoke detector减光型光电感烟火灾探测器operating area操作区域operating irregularity工作事故operation accident操作事故fire danger season火险期fire danger weather火险天气fire danger火险火灾危险fire detection and alarm火灾探测和报警fire detection equipment火灾探测设备fire detector火灾探测器fire disaster火灾fire edge火缘fire engineering消防工程fire extinction equipment灭火设备fire extinguisher system灭火系统fire extinguisher灭火器fire extinguishing system消防系统fire fighting救火fire forcible entry tool消防破拆工具fire frequency火险频度fire hazard火灾危害性fire hose灭火水龙带水龙带消防水带fire hydrant消防栓消火栓fire indicating panel火灾显示盘fire integrity耐火完整性fire ladder消防梯fire lift消防电梯fire load density火灾荷载密度fire load火灾荷载fire mask消防面具fire monitor消防炮fire monitoring火灾监测fire parameter火灾参数fire peril火灾危险fire prevention防火fire priming pump引水消防泵fire proofing防火性fire protection control room消防控制室fire protection防火/消防fire rescue equipments消防救援器材fire resisting damper防火阀fire risk map火险图fire risk火灾危险性fire safety防火fire science防火科学fire size class火险等级fire smoke detection烟火探测fire sprinkling system喷洒灭火系统fire stability耐火稳定性fire suction hose消防吸水管fire suppression扑火fire technology消防技术fire water monitor消防水炮fire weather火险天气fire whirl火旋风火旋涡火灾失火fire-danger meter火险预警仪fire-extinguishing foam泡沫灭火剂firefinder火灾寻视器fireman general protection equipment消防员常规防护装备fireman special protection equipment消防员特种防护装备fireplug消防栓fireproof防火的fireproofing防火的耐火装置fixed extinguishing system固定式灭火系统fixed fire extinguisher固定式灭火器fixed temperature fire detector定温火灾探测器flame arrester灭火器消焰器floatation jacket救生衣fluoro-protein foamite氟蛋白泡沫液flush fire hydrant地下消火栓foam concentrate泡沫液foam controller泡沫控制剂foam extinguishing agent泡沫灭火剂foam extinguishing system泡沫灭火系统foam fire extinguisher泡沫灭火器foam fire extinguishing system泡沫灭火系统foam fire turck泡沫消防车foam fire-fighting泡沫灭火foam solution泡沫溶液foam-powder universal fire truck泡沫－干粉联用消防车fusible plug boss易熔塞座易熔塞gas cartridge fire extinguisher贮气瓶式灭火器gas fire detector气体火灾探测器general fire alarm control unit通用火灾报警控制器general inspection of lifesaving appliance救生设备到位检查general terms of fire一般性消防术语goggles（摩托车驾驶员等戴的）护目镜guard安全罩防护防护装置haloalkane extinguishing agent卤代烷灭火剂haloalkane extinguishing system卤代烷灭火系统haloalkane fire extinguisher卤代烷灭火器haloalkane suppressant卤代烷抑制剂halogenated hydrocarbon fire extinguishing system卤代烃灭火系统hard hat安全帽hazard危害物危险hazardous area（爆炸）危险场所heat fire detector感温火灾探测器头盔hidden danger隐患high-altitude accident高空失事high-expansion foam fire extinguishing system in machinery space机器处所的固定高膨胀泡沫灭火系统horn报警器hydrant消防龙头消防栓ignition inhibition for fire prevention阻化防火incipient fault隐患indirect fire suppression间接扑火工伤事故工业事故生产事故保险功能danger protecting function保险柜safe case保险可靠性safety reliability保险系数safety coefficientsafety factorsafety device报警alarmwarning报警保护系统alarm and protection system报警阀alarm valve报警喇叭alarming horn报警铃emergency alarm bell报警器alarmalarm apparatusalertorhorn报警设备warning facilities报警时钟alarm clock报警信号灯warning light报警状态state of alarm暴露危险exposure hazard爆炸事故explosive accident爆炸危险指示器explosion risk indicator避碰collision preventation不（易）爆炸的unexplosive不安全unsafety不安全的unsafe不安全温度unsafe temperature不可拆式火灾探测器non-detachable type fire detector不可复位火灾探测器non-resettable fire detector不稳定安全marginal security操作安全safety of operation操作安全性operational safety操作区域operating area操作事故operation accident差温火灾探测器differential fire detectorrate of rise detector超安全标准设计overdesign超声波火灾探测器ultrasonic wave-type fire detector出口标志exit signoperation against rules违章操作operational safety操作安全性operational test for automatic fire alarm system火灾自动报警系统效用试验operational test for automatic sprinkler system自动喷水系统工作试验operational test for inert gas system惰性气体系统效用试验operational test for water fire-extinguishing system水灭火系统效用试验optical flame fire detector感光火灾探测器ordinary accident一般事故other accidents其他事故outfire灭火overdesign超安全标准设计助燃物peril危险period of flaming火焰期personal casualty人员伤亡personal protective equipment个体防护用品personal safety人身安全personal security人员安全phosphate powder磷酸盐干粉photoelectric intrusion detector光电防盗报警器photoelectric smoke detector光电感烟火灾探测器光电式烟雾探测器photoelectric smoke meter光电烟尘计physical security物理安全性place of safety安全区plain water fire extinguisher清水灭火器消防栓****** whistle警笛portable fire extinguisher手提式灭火器portable fire pump with engine手抬机动消防泵possibility of trouble事故率post fire hydrant地上消火栓potassium bicarbonate powder碳酸氢钾干粉powder extinguishing agent干粉灭火剂powder extinguishing system干粉灭火系统powder fire extinguisher干粉灭火器powder fire monitor干粉炮powder suppressant干粉抑爆剂precaution device预警器pressure-temperature relief device压力温度安全器prevention of accident防止偶发事故防止意外prevention of burglary防盗prevention of fire防火privacy lock保密锁proof test for fire-extinguishing system消防系统效用试验propaganda fire vehicle宣传消防车防护的protection device防护设备protection factor of protective device保护装置的保护因数protective clothing防护衣防护器件protective interlock保安联锁装置protective jacket保护罩protective measures安全措施protective system安全系统protective tape保护带protector block保安器组件protector保安器protein foam concentrate蛋白泡沫液rate of rise detector差温火灾探测器rate of safe operation安全运转率remotely resettable fire detector遥控复位火灾探测器repeated fire复火救助resettable fire detector可复位火灾探测器running fire狂燃火safe area安全区safe case保险柜safe distance安全距离safe life安全寿命safe net安全网safe operation rate安全运转率safe operation安全操作安全运转safe prediction安全预测safe productivity安全生产率safe region安全区域safe reliability安全可靠性safe state安全状态safe strategy安全策略safe安全的保险的safeguard安全保护保护safety alarm device安全报警装置safety allowance完全宽限safety analysis安全性分析safety appliance安全设备保安装置safety block安全保护部件safety coefficient安全系数保险系数safety colo(u)r安全色safety control mark安全控制标志保安控制标志safety control安全管理safety destructor安全自毁器safety device安全保护装置安全设施安全装置保险装置safety education安全教育（学）safety engineer安全工程师safety engineering安全工程（学）safety equipment安全设备safety factor安全系数安全因数安全因素保险系数safety in production安全生产safety inspection安全检查safety interlock安全联锁装置safety man安全员safety margin安全范围safety mark安全标志safety measures安全措施safety net安全网safety of operation操作安全safety operating rules安全操作规程safety performance安全性能safety plug安全塞safety precaution安全预防措施safety problem安全问题safety procedure安全规程safety program安全计划safety records安全记录safety regulations安全条例保安规程safety reliability保险可靠性safety rules安全规程安全条例。

火灾自动报警系统(英文)

Automatic fire alarm system based on MCU Abstract:The paper introduced an automatic warehouse fire a1arm system based on MCU. The system was mainly made up of ATmega16, temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and EX-1 auto dialed alarm module. In the system, temperature signals were transformed to serial data, and smoke signals were transformed to voltage signals. All the data were processed by MCU. When the surveillance system checked fire in warehouse, alarm signal was turn on, meanwhile the messages were transmitted to managers through EX-1. Application of the system was convenient to deal with fire in-time, efficiently by warehouse manager. Keywords: fire alarm transducer;smoke sensor system;ATmega16;temperature transducer;smoke sensorI. INTRODUCTIONAutomatic fire alarm control system has experienced a process from the simple to the complex and intelligence system increasingly in China. The characteristic is automatic fire detection and alarm technology has a great progress along with computing and detection technology development. At present, automatic fire alarm control system was used in bulk storage plant, shopping malls, high-level office buildings, hotels and other places. They were used in a number of collections focused on one area of intelligent alarm control method with higher levels of bus-type alarm control system, and in some residential areas andcommercial buildings were installed by a single automatic fire alarm detection device. These alarm detection devices fail to report sometimes, or misinformation. Its reliability is not high because of using single sensor. Therefore, it is needed to develop a simple structure, low cost, high reliability, fast responding, automatic fire detection system.II. GENERAL PROJECT OF THE SYSTEMThe hardware block diagram shown in Figure 1, hardware by temperature sensors, smoke sensors, signal processing module, MCU modules and automatic alarm module. Non electrical quantity that is through the sensing element sensors (smoke sensors and temperature sensors) will be on-site temperature, smoke and other non-electrical signal into an electrical signal, as well as signals for signal processing to convert analog quantity to digital quantity. Finally, the sampled data were processed and compared with the limits by MCU system. This system can produce local and remote auto-alarm signals.Temperature IonizationTransducer smoke detectorsignalprocessingPD0 PD1SCMauto alarmmoduleT ephoneelInter f ace…Figure 1. Automatic fire alarm system structureⅢ. THE HARDWARE COMPONENTSA. Atmega16The system used by the U.S. Atmel’s microcontroller ATmega16 microcontroller. ATmega16 is based on the AVR RISC architecture to enhance low-power 8-bit CMOS microcontroller. Because of its advanced instruction set and a single clock cycle instruction execution time, ATmega16 data throughput of up to 1 MIPS / MHz. Thereby mitigate the system in the power and the contradiction between the processing rate. ATmega16 has the following characteristics: 16K bytes in-system programmable Flash (with the ability to read and write at the same time, that is, RWW), 512 bytes EEPROM, 1K bytes SRAM, 32 general-purpose I / O port lines, 32 general-purpose working registers, for the JTAG boundary scan interface, support the on-chip debugging and programming, 3 has a more flexible mode of timer / counter (T / C),chip internal / external interrupts, programmable serial USART, there are initial conditions detector universal serial interface, 8-channel 10-bit with optional differential input stage programmable gain (TQFP package) of the ADC, with on-chip oscillator of programmable watchdog timer, an SPI serial port, as well as six can be selected by software power-saving mode.The chip is based on Atmel high-density nonvolatile memory technology production on-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory through the ISP serial interface or a general-purpose programmer for programming; you can also run on the AVR core among the bootstrap to program. Boot program can use any interface to download the application to the Flash memory area (Application Flash Memory). Application of Flash storage area is updated when the boot Flash area (Boot Flash Memory) program continues to run, RWW operation achieved. ATmega16 to become a powerful microcontroller by 8-bit RISC CPU and the system programmable flash in a single chip, for many embedded control applications provides a flexible and cost-effective solution. ATmega16 has a set of programming and system development tools, including: C language compiler, macro assembler, program debugger / software emulator, emulators and evaluation boards.B. Temperature SensorTemperature sensor manufactured by DALLAS SemiconductorDS18B20-type single intelligence temperature sensor, its performance features include:1)This sensor have single-bus-specific technology, either through the serial port cable also through other I / O port lines and computer interfaces,without going through other conversion circuits Direct output measured temperature value (9-bit binary number, with sign bit).2) Temperature range is -55 ℃~ +125 ℃, measurement resolution of 0. 0625 ℃.3) Containing 64 as amended through the laser-read-only memory ROM.4) Fit a variety of SCM or system machine.5) Users can set separate ways each temperature upper and lower limit.6) Includes parasitic power.DS18B20 and the main chip connection diagram shown in Figure 2: DS18B20 number one pin grounded, then on the 3rd pin high and the 2nd pin then a 5. 1K of the pull-up resistor, at the same time received a single output signal of the PD0 pin. Pull-up is to pull the uncertainty signal through a resistor embedded in the high places, resistance at the same time current－limited . Program from the DQ pin in high impedance state to ensure that the beginning, so that you can pull on the pull-up resistor to the high DQ. At the same time the main chip also can be anexternal site alarm buzzer.Figure 2. ds18b20 and the main chip connection diagram.C. Smoke Monitoring ModuleSmoke sensors choose HIS-07 ion smoke detectors when the flow through the inside and outside the ionization chamber ionization electron flow is unbalanced, collector charges current until the ionizationbalance. In a smoke-free or non-combustion, the collector being subject to the impact ionization current statistical fluctuation, the potential to maintain a balance. Ionization current have impact when the smoke into the ionization chamber, easily into the ionization chamber smoke outside than inside the ionization chamber of the affected, ionization current decline in and collector to re-charge until the new equilibrium potential, this potential change can be used to trigger the alarm circuit. Technical parameters such as Table 1.TABLE I.HIS-07 ION SMOKE SENSOR THCHNICAL DATATable Head Table Column headEquilibrium potential collector 5.5±0.3VCollector potential with the smokeReduced light rate of 1% / ft 0.6VReduced light rate of 4% / ft 2.2VCapacitor 6PFSmoke signals are processed on the chip of choice is the Motorolacompany’s MC14468, MC14468 for DIP 16-pin package, contain oscillator, timer, latch, alarm control logic circuit, high input impedance comparator etc. When not detected smoke, MC14468 internal oscillator that oscillation cycle 1.67s. Each 1.67s cycle the internal power supply is provided to the work of the entire chip. It’s all kept detect any smoke in addition to LED flashes, battery voltage alarm and smoke alarm. The oscillator oscillation period becomes 40ms when the MC14448 Once detection smoke, this time piezoelectric buzzer driving circuit to start oscillation, start to be able to output to maintain the high 160 ms after the cessation of 80ms.Continued during the detection of smoke cessation of changes, at this time if not detected smoke beeper will not be issued a warning sound.In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM when the ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke detection and change, voltage change generation a weak side-spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set to facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the buzzer sounded a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the department has a fire alarm signal-based.In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM when the ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke detection and change,voltage change generation a weak side-spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set to facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the buzzer sounded a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the department has a fire alarm signal-based.Figure 3.Smoke detection circuitD. Auto-dial alarm moduleDial-up alarm module choices are the EX-1 dial-up module is a DTMF signal receiving, storing, and sending as integration communications circuits. Module built-in microcontroller and dial-up management process can provide users with a variety of signal input and output ports, in security alarm, signal acquisition, automatic control, remote communication and information transmission areas such as flexible application. 5 groups can have cell phone or group of seven local telephone numbers are stored, power-down is not lost; Telephone line status detection, automatic fault signal output ;Telephone / external switching two kinds of dial-up state control; Trigger time, nine times loop dial preset numbers; To work independently, independent dial-up, do not rely on telephone and other external devices.,.EX-1 wiring diagram shown in figure 4, The PD4 pin to connect the main chip HTO , the module began to dial alarm when PD4 output high level signal, PD5 connection ON / OFF pin input is high level signal to open the dial-up settings, the input does not work when this pin become low, ERR pin connected to PD6 pin of MCU, PD6 output 1 begun to test whether the telephone line failure, READY pin connect MCU PD7 pin detection and alarm is completed, the alarm is end when PD7 pin is high .Figure 4. EX-1 wiring diagram IV. SOFIW AREDESIGNstartATmega16InitializeNwhether there aresmoke signals?YR0=1collection temperaturesignalwhether the N alarm value?YR1=1dial-up alarmREADY=1?YFigure 5. The main program flow chartBecause in the early stages of fires and the smoldering phase will produce a large number of aerosol particles and smoke particles .In the stage of incipient fire substances in the combustion process produces a lot of heat, so should make the smoke sensor and temperature sensor used in conjunction, first with the smoke sensor detects whether there is smoke generation, then the temperature sensor detects the temperature, temperature sensor alarm value is set to 50 degrees. When the smoke is detected R0 is 1, not smoke R0 is 0. Then test the temperature when thetemperature reaches the value of seasonal early warning R1 is 1, the value of seasonal temperature not to reach an early warning R1 to 0, at this time compared to the R0 and R1 is equal to the main chip when the dial-up alarm.V. CONCLUSIONBy the cooperation of using of temperature and smoke sensors, through detecting the temperature and smoke on-site, the automatic alarm system could find any fire in warehouse and send the message to managers of warehouse in the early time by the form of short messages.REFERENCES[1] Shunning Miao,Guangming Xiong,Yongping Li etc.Automatic Fire Alarm System Design and Research, Equipment Manufacturing Technology, 2006(2), P909.[2] Liang Ge, Qi Cong. Intelligent Analysis of office building fire.[3] Ti Zhou. Building Fire System Design, Yunnan Construction,2008(6).[4] Honeywell (Honeywel1)'s construction equipment Monitoring System, Intelligent Building and City Information, 2008(4).[5] Derek Clements-Croome, Intelligent buildings: design, management and operation, Thomas Telford Publishing, 2004.[6]Zhang Huazhong, Commanding System of Fire Automatic Alarm and Fire Control Linkage based on Internet, Computer Engineering, 2001. [7] ANSI, Radiant Energy-Sensing Fire Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling, US: ANSI/FMRC FM3260-2004.。

基于Zig Bee技术的无线火灾报警系统构建,带原文的外文翻译

原文Construction of Wireless Fire Alarm System Based onZigBee TechnologyMA Shu-guangDepartment of Fire Commanding, The Armed Police Academy, Langfang, 065000, ChinaAbstractThis paper points out the defect of wired automatic fire alarm system in used, and the necessity and possibility of constructing wireless fire alarm system. ZigBee technology based on IEEE802.15.4 and its characteristics are introduced. We also give out a method of constructing wireless fire alarm system based on ZigBee, including the design of construction, hardware and software.© 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Keywords: ZigBee; wireless sensor; automatic fire alarm1. IntroductionMost fire sensor networks are built based on CAN bus in currently used automatic fire alarm system, in which signals and data are transferred through cable. Compared to traditional distributed cable network, bus network have greatly improved in expansibility and difficulty of construction and maintenance. But there are still some defects. The cables are easily to be eroded, bitten by rats, frayed, causing to high fault rate and high false alarm rate. The cable transmission distance is limited, usually no more than 1km, otherwise the attenuation and interference will lead to failure of system.We may conceive that, constructing automatic fire alarm system in wireless transmission way, can avoid above problems. A new way of wireless signal relay also can increase alarm signal transmission distance. With microelectronics and wireless communication technology development in recent years, this can become a reality. This paper introduces a method of constructing automatic fire alarm system based on ZigBee technology.2. ZigBee TechnologyZigBee is an alternative name of IEEE 802.15.4, a wireless network protocol released in 2005. ZigBee technology is a two-way radio communication technology, mainly suitable for automatic control and remote controlbased on wireless communication. It can be embedded in various consuming electronics, family and building automation equipment, industrial control equipment, various sensors equipment, also supporting the geographical location function. ZigBee has the following features:Low power dissipation. Due to short working cycle, it has low power dissipation in sending and receiving messages, and adopts a sleep mode. Two 5# dry batteries can support a node work for 6 to 24 months, or even longer.Low cost. Dramatically simplifying the protocol and reducing the requirement of communication controller, causes very low cost. The modules are cheap, and ZigBee protocol patent is free.Low transmission rate. It works at 250kbps rate, satisfying the application requirements oflow data transmission rate.Short distance. The transmission distance between adjacent nodes is usually 10 ~ 100m. If increase transmitting power of RF, the distance can be 1-3km. If through the routing and communication relay, the distance will be even more.Short time delay. ZigBee has optimization in time delay sensitive application, the communication delay and activated delay from dormancy is very short. Generally, from sleeping to working, just needs 15ms, and the nodes connecting to network needs only30ms.High capacity. ZigBee network can be constructed in different types. A master node can manage 254 nodes, still can extend to bigger network by each node. Total network can have 65535 nodes in theory.High security. ZigBee provides a three-level safe mode, including data integrity checking and authenticating, using Access Control List (ACL) to prevent illegal data acquisition, using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES128) symmetrical passwords to determine the security attribute flexibly.Free frequency band. It uses direct sequence spread spectrum technology, working at global free ISM 2.4GHz frequency band. Usually, application accord with the following conditions can consider using ZigBee technology:[2]the equipment cost low, transmitting data volume is smallequipment is small in size, unfit to place big battery or power moduleunfit to replace batteries frequently or inconvenience for charging repeatedlycover a wide range of communication, many equipment in network , but only for monitoring and controlling Automatic fire alarm system has almost all of the above characteristics, so it’s very suitable to be built based on ZigBee technology.3. System Designing3.1. System StructureFig.1 System structureThe system uses ZigBee wireless network to achieve fire monitoring and automatic alarming, mainly includes three parts: the data acquisition nodes, data sink nodes and fire control center, [3] as shown in Fig. 1.Data acquisition node is an embedded wireless sensor module integrating sensors, main control unit (MCU) and radio frequency (RF) communication functions. After preprocessing thefire signals detected by the sensors, itchooses an optimal path to send them to the data sink node. The data sink nodes sends the data from the sensor network to the fire control center. When necessary, the data may also be sent to the fire control center by external network, such as Internet. Fire control center consists of supervision host and server. The server is used to store fire control data, electronic map, etc. The supervision host is used for data processing and statistical evaluation, displaying alarm information through peripheral equipment, and for data management, data query and interaction with the user.3.2. System hardwareThe system hardware mainly consists of data collector and data receiver. Data collector consists of sensors, MCU, RF chips, etc. MCU and RF chips are connected by PCI bus, they constitute the wireless transmission module. With the same kind of wireless module, data receiver communicates with the PC through RS232 asynchronous serial interface. In one direction, the control signals are emitted from the host to the data collector in wireless way, in another direction, the collected data is uploaded to the host. When fire signal is detected by the sensors, the fire control center will process and statistically evaluate the data, and convert it to suitable alarming indicator according with the pre-set rules, then send out alarm signals.Diagram of the system hardware structure is shown in Fig. 2.Fig.2 System hardware structureMCU can choose 8 or 16-bit single-chip microcomputer with on-chip integrated ROM, such as MCS51 series, HCS08 series or MSP430 series MCU., Taking MC9S08GT60 for example, one type of HCS08 series, it works at 1.8V voltage, integrated 4KB RAM and 60KB Flash ROM, and integrated 8 channels 10-bit ADC, 2 SCI interface and 1 SPI interface. It also has corresponding internal clock module and background debug interface. [4] The MCU of the data collector receives the signal sent by the sensor, then sends it to RF chip after A/D conversion. While the MCU of the data receiver receives the data sent from the RF chip, and send it through RS232 interface to the up computer for further analysis. When necessary, it may also directly drive simple audible or visual alarm devices such as buzzer, LED, etc.RF chip can choose ZigBee wireless transceiver series, CC series of TI or MC series of Freescale. They both work at 2.4 GHz band. Taking MC13192 for example, it is a low cost, low power consumption, high performance RF chip accord with ZigBee standard. It mainly consists of analysis receiving-transmission unit, digital modems, onchip frequency synthesizer, power manager and MCU interface. It’s working band is 2.405 ~ 2.480 GHz, data transfer rate is250kbps, working frequency band can be divided into 16 channels, each channel bandwidth5MHz. Due to the low transmission rate and the large bandwidth of the channel, so the SNR is very high, anti-jamming capability is strong.External crystal provides the clock needed by MC13192, and the on-chip frequency synthesizer output signals provide the clock for MCU. Read-write operation on MC13192 is achieved through a standard four-wire SPI by the MCU. It should be pointed out that, most MCUs and RF chips produced by different companies can be collocated flexibly, but in practical engineering, it is suggested to use the products from same company in order to ensure the stability of the system. Also, embedded chips integrated MCU and RF chip can be adopted.3.3. System softwareSystem software includes three parts: wireless sensor node procedures, data sink node procedures and center monitoring procedures.Wireless sensor nodes periodically detect environmental parameters. When the system begins to work, MCUs and RF chips are initialized firstly, then chooses the channel, opens interrupt for receiving data. Then initialize ADC and collect data to process. If there is an alarm signal, the signal, sensor node address and the collected data will be combined as alarm data, and translated into ZigBee communication protocol packets. Selecting an optimal communication path, the packets are sent to the data sink node, and waiting for the returned confirmation. Thus, a whole ZigBee wireless communication is completed. After receiving the confirmation returned from the sink node, the sensor node will stay at low power mode automatically. In addition, when the sensor node receiving a request from the sink node, it can collect data immediately, in order to realize real-time, active monitoring. The sensor node procedure is shown in Fig.3.The sink node procedure is mainly to receive data from wireless sensor, confirming, then send it to the supervision host through RS232 interface.Located in the fire control center, the supervision host is used for receiving the data sent by the sink nodes, monitoring , alarming, and controlling working condition of the sensor nodes. The monitoring procedure in upper computer is designed based on serial communication.VC++ provides serial communication ActiveX can easily operate on serial port. Software sends request through serial port, indicating the data receiving process by a progress bar, and can display the data waveform through a display interface instantly, and save data to database for further analysis or inquiry at the same time.Fig. 3 Flow chart of sensor node procedure4. ConclusionThe wireless automatic fire alarm system constructed based on ZigBee overcomes the limitations of the cable alarm system and avoids high power consumption of the other wireless communications technology. Compared with existing wireless sensor network, it has some advantages such as low cost, high network capacity, long life. And system installation does less damage to buildings, conveniently to place nodes and maintenance. Avoiding the unsafe factors of fire, lightning strike in cable systems, it is suitable for various occasions, especially for fire control in museums, ancient building group , with a wide application prospect.翻译基于Zig Bee技术的无线火灾报警系统构建MA Shu-guang摘要本文指出了有线火灾自动报警系统在应用中的缺陷，以及构建无线火灾报警系统的必要性和可能性。

火灾自动报警系统中英文对照外文翻译文献

火灾自动报警系统中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文资料外文翻译文献Automatic fire alarm systemThe traditional electron safe alarm system mainly is through thesensor automatic detection, produces the alarm, sends out the alarmfrom the scene or reports to the police through the special electriccable near distance, thus causes people's vigilance. Through manyyears research and the development, the present alarm apparatus maysay is the class is multitudinous. As a result of the alarm apparatusrapid development and the social each domain anxious need, can theapplication domain be more and more many, specially is rapidlydevelops in the civil domain.In recent years, the infrared alarmapparatus already became reports to the police a domain hot spot,because it used was not the obviously infrared acquisition, thereforehad the hiding to be good, characteristic and so on security. Theinfrared sensor is different according to the mechanism may divideinto the light survey and the hot survey. The light acquisition sensor is uses the photon effect the infraredacquisition aid. This kind of sensor speed of response quick, thesensitivity high, the examination characteristic is good, but needs tocool, uses not conveniently. Moreover the component examinationsensitivity and the infrared wave length concern. The hot acquisitionsensor is uses hotly releases the electricity effect the infraredacquisition aid. After receives the goal the infrared radiationtemperature increment, the temperature elevates causes the sensorinterior certain physical quantities changes, through examinationphysical quantity change definite infrared emission. This kind ofsensor works under the room temperature condition,examinationsensitivity also very high, speed of response also very quick,moreover has nothing to do with with the infrared emission wavelength, may survey the power only to receive the background radiationthe limit, the application is very convenient. This article designs isthe passive form hotly releases the electricity infrared acquisitionaid. In the article mainly elaborated has hotly released theelectricity the principle, hotly releases content and so on manyalarm circuit which the electric detector the characteristic,the BISS0001 signal processor, 555 timers composed. Finallydesigned completes has hotly released the electricity infrareddetection alarm apparatus the hardware electric circuit.With the modern family use of fire, electricity consumption increases, the frequency of home fires is getting higher and higher. The family of fire, it is easy to fight does not occur promptly, the lack of fire-fighting equipment and the presence of panic-stricken people, to escape unfavorable factors, such as retardation, which eventually led to a significant loss of life and property. Explore the characteristics of the family of fire and fire prevention measures.For the prevention of domestic fires, reducing the fire losses have practical significance .In the modern urban family, because of lot of people do not understand common sense home security caused by fire, so that the happy family Goog leruined blink of an eye, and some lead to destruction, but the event of household fires, improper disposal, alarm delay is caused so that people should get to know more about the main causes of household fires, master to prevent the fire of knowledge and in case of fire to protect his or her own way, timely elimination ofThe United Kingdom each year more than 50000 families of serious fires, most of them fire casualties and significant loss of household assets, and some result in the neighbors, more heavy fire losses. Investigate the causes of fire in time, the vast majority of home fires happen parties said that the fire always feel that things are other people with their own far away, did not think this will happen even in the top of his head.Home fires are the main reason for negligent not to take timely preventive measures .In some of our large and medium-sized cities, almost every day family fires, fire prevention is so each family must always pay attention to. If your home based on the actual situation in advance to take simple fire prevention measures, a number of tragedies are entirely avoidable.Automatic fire alarm system is in order to inform the early detection of fire, and take effective measures to control and fight fires, and set in a building or other place of an automatic fire facilities, is that people with a powerful tool to fight the fire. Fire alarm system, fire detectors generally, regional centralized alarm alarm and composition; also be required under the project with various fire-fighting facilities and communication devices linked to form a central control system. From automatic alarm, automatic fire fighting, evacuation guidance, system process shows that, fire up a complete file management, fire control system.Fire detectors are fire detection devices, as in the stage of fire will produce smoke with high temperature flame cells. The smoke, heat and light into electrical signals through the detector alarm or automatic fire extinguishing system to start fighting the fire in time. Area where the floor of alarm detector can send the signal into sound and light alarm, and fire on the screen showing theroom number; while also monitoring the concentration of certain floors of alarm (if the monitor is located in the building fire Control Center) output signal or control automatic fire extinguishing system. Concentration of alarm signal is received by way of sound and light show, and the screen also shows the specific fire floor and room number, the plane stopped taking the first alarm clock to record the timing, use of themachine-specific phones, but also quickly to the fire alarm to give directions and. In addition, you can control the fire extinguishing system or signal transmission to the fire control room.Automatic fire alarm system is by the trigger devices, fire alarm, fire alarm devices and other auxiliary functions of the device with the composition of a button fire alarm system fire alarm system. It can fire early stages of burning smoke, heat and light radiation and other physical quantities, by temperature.Photographic and other smoke and fire detectors into electrical signals, transmitted to the fire alarm controller, and also shows the site of the fire, the fire record of the time. General fire alarm system and automatic sprinkler system, fire hydrant systems, smoke control systems, ventilation systems, air conditioning system, fire doors, fire shutter, smoke screen and other related equipment interaction, automatically or manually issue commands to start the corresponding device.(A) of the trigger devices in automatic fire alarm system, automatic or manual fire alarm signal devices generate called trigger conditions, including fire detectors and manual fire alarm button. Fire detector is able to fire parameters (smoke, temperature, flame radiation, gas concentration, etc.) response, and automatically generate a fire alarm signal devices. Fireresponse parameters according to different fire detectors into heat detectors, smoke detector, sensitive fire detectors, combustible gas detectors and fire detectors five basic types of composite. Different types of fire detectors for different types of fires and different places. Manual fire alarm button fire alarm signal generated manually start the automatic fire alarm system devices, automatic fire alarm system is an indispensable component of the.(B) the fire alarm device in automatic fire alarm system to receive, display and transmit fire alarm signals, and can send control signals and control functions with other auxiliary equipment as the fire alarm device instructions. Fire alarm control is one of the most basic kind. Charged with the fire alarm control fire detectors provide a stable working power; detector and the working status of the system itself; the reception, conversion, processing a warning of fire detectors Shuchu; Jinxing sound and light alarm; Zhishi specific location and alarm time; the same time supporting the implementation of appropriate control and many other tasks. Fire alarm system is a core component. In the fire alarm devices, some devices such as break, regional monitors, fire shows and other functions can not complete disc alarm device, which can be regarded as the evolution of fire alarm controller or supplement. Under certain conditions applied, and the fire alarm device fire alarm control belong.The basic function of fire alarm control are: the main power, backup power automatically converted, standby power charge function, power failure monitoring function, power functions working status indicator, power supply for the detector circuit function, control sensors or system failures, sound and light alarm, fire sound, light alarm, fire alarm and memoryfunction, clock function unit, with priority being given fault function fire alarm, sound alarm sound audible alarm mute and again.(C) fire alarms in automatic fire alarm system to send different from the environment, sound, light the fire alarm signal device called the fire alarms. It sound, light and sound approach to the issue of fire alarm signals alarm area to warn people to adopt safe evacuation, fire fighting and rescue measures.D) Fire control equipment in automatic fire alarm system, when receiving the fire alarm, automatically or manually start the related fire-fighting equipment and display devices of their state, known as the fire control equipment. Include fire alarm control, automatic fire extinguishing system control device, fire hydrant system control devices, smoke exhaust system and air conditioning and ventilation system control device, normally open fire doors, fire shutter control device, the lift back down control equipment, and fire emergency radio, fire alarms, fire communications equipment, fire evacuation signs and emergency lighting control devices, control devices in some or all. Fire control equipment normally installed in the fire control center to facilitate the implementation of centralized control.While others set fire control equipment, fire fighting equipment is located in the charged field, but its actions must be returned fire control signal, combined with the implementation of centralization and decentralization of control.(E) fire alarm system power supply electrical equipment belonging to the fire, the main power should be in the fire power, standby power use of battery. In addition to fire alarm system power controller, power supply, but also related to the system for the fire control equipment such as power supply.火灾自动报警系统传统电子安全报警系统主要是通过传感器自动检测，产生报警信号，从现场发出报警信号或通过专门电缆近距离报警，从而引起人们的警觉。

火灾通知英文作文带翻译

火灾通知英文作文带翻译Title: Fire Emergency Notification。

Attention, everyone!This is an urgent announcement regarding a fire emergency in our vicinity. Please remain calm and follow the instructions provided below:1. Evacuation Procedure:Immediately exit the building through the nearest available exit.Do not use elevators. Use stairways instead.Assist others who may need help evacuating, especially the elderly, disabled, or young children.Once outside, move to the designated assembly pointwhich is [insert location]. Take attendance to ensure everyone is present.2. Communication:If you haven't already done so, dial emergency services at [insert local emergency number].Inform them of the situation, your location, and any pertinent details.Follow their instructions closely.3. Safety Precautions:Avoid inhaling smoke by covering your nose and mouth with a cloth if necessary.Keep low to the ground where the air is less toxic and visibility may be better.If you encounter closed doors, use the back of yourhand to feel the upper, lower, and middle parts of the door for heat. If it's cool, slowly open it and proceed with caution.4. Equipment Use:Only use fire extinguishers if you have been trained to do so and the fire is small and contained.Do not attempt to extinguish large fires. Focus on evacuation instead.5. Gather Information:If safe to do so, gather information about the fire, such as its location, size, and any hazards it may pose.Share this information with emergency responders when they arrive.6. Receiving Further Updates:Stay tuned to local news channels or emergency broadcasts for further updates and instructions.Listen for announcements from emergency personnel on the ground.7. Re-entry:Do not attempt to re-enter the building until authorities have declared it safe to do so.Follow any re-entry procedures provided by emergency responders.Remember, your safety is our primary concern. Please cooperate fully with emergency personnel and follow their instructions promptly and without question.Thank you for your attention and cooperation. Let's work together to ensure everyone's safety in this emergency situation.Translated Version (翻译版本):标题，火灾紧急通知。

火灾报警系统外文文献

毕业设计说明书外文文献原文及译文学号：系别：专业：指导教师：2009年 6 月信息与通信工程通信工程The Fire Auto-alarm System DesignAlong with the our country economic development rapid development, the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement, the city uses to be day by day anxious, urges the building to face the direction is developing. This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification, and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging, proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher, a stricter request. In order to guarantee the people life and property the security, the fire auto-alarm system design has become in the high level civil construction design one of most important design contents. Presently based on the author fire of auto-alarm system design overseeing work in the high level civil building experience, proposed in present national related standard and standard unclear true detail shallow opinion, by for the colleagues to discuss and to point out mistakes.First, design basisThe fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work, at the same time also has the very strong policy-type. Therefore, first should be clear about the following design basis:1st, must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard, the system design standard, the equipment manufacture standard, the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations, and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard positive word: "Must", "be supposed", "to be suitable", "may" and the reverse side word: "Strictly prohibits", "should not", "not have", "not to be suitable" the meaning.2nd, must aim at high level civil building function, use and the protection object fire protection rank, earnestly carries out the present national related standard and the standard, earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval opinion.Second, fire auto-alarm system equipment establishmentFire detector establishmentOpens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage, and each 2 ~ 3 establish a fire detector.The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search coverage, specially front the room and the lift well, the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow, is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention, therefore should install the fire detector. Regarding common elevator in front of room although is not the personnel disperses , but this front room and the lift well are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow, suitably alone divides the search coverage and installs the fire detector.The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns, for this, "the high level civil construction design fire protection standard" and "the civil construction electricity design standard" separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable shaping. But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation, the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential, and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separation request, each 2 ~ 3 or each level installs.The elevator machine room should install the fire detector, its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle; Its two elevator machine room has has the fire risk; Its three lift well existence essential opens the hole, like the level gate opens between the hole, the air vent, the between permanence opens the hole with the elevator machine room or the pulley and so on; Its four when has the fire, the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel, is easy to threaten the elevator machine room the facility. Therefore, the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary, crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift well.2nd, the manual fire reports to the police the button establishment(Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, should report to the police the button first choice spot as the establishment manual fire. In addition, the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the button.In the public active place (including hall, hall, dining room, multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place, the personnel very is all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee "to a manual fire which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters".3rd, the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishmentThe aisle, the hall, the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should press in these public places "to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot" and "in the aisle last should not be bigger than 12.5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance" the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the speaker.The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. In front of the common elevator the room also should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. Disperses the stair hall also is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with the fire prevention, also the sounds of people are confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker, by favors the fire emergency broadcast to disperse the instruction.4th, fire alarm installment establishmentThe establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system, the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment, but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire, uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to the fire correlation region transmission warning, stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time, the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the instruction.The fire alarm installment establishment position, the author thought should report to thepolice the button position with the manual fire to be same, its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 1.8 meters highly5th, fire special use telephone establishmentInstalls the fire special use telephone extension telephone, should be located the engine room which related also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant, spare electricity generation engine room, matches substation, mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room, discharges fume engine room, fire prevention elevator machine room and other), the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room, the fire duty officers observation room, the security manages spot and so on public room. Sedan of theater box the fire elevator and in the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone, requests the elevator machine room and the elevator sedan theater box, the elevator machine room and the fire control room, the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone system. Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration plate (including position indicator, direction indicating lamp, to speaks correspondence telephone, trouble lamp and so on), in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case controls.Is equipped with the manual fire to report to the police position and so on button, fire hydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone receptacle.Third, fire linkage control1st, the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open, to stop, also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the malfunction. When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button, its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp).2nd, the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens, stops, also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display, reports to the police the valve, the safety signal valve working mode active status. In addition, to the basin, the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down, the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the condition.3rd, the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function, should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific stipulation.Fourth, fire auto-alarm system wiringIn order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line severance, causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on, creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression electronmagetic interference (for example transformer, electric motor, electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm system. The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable, and should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable, its electric cable also should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. Uses Ming Fushi, should takes the fire protection protective measures on the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking.Fifth, concluding remark The author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience, elaborated the design basis, fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment, fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions, its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality, discovered early and the notification fire, prevented and reduces the fire to harm, by protects the person and the property safety.。

外文资料翻译--火灾自动报警系统设计

外文资料翻译译文火灾自动报警系统设计随着我们国家经济的快速的发展，人民生活水平的不断提高，城市火灾自动报警系统的使用量也是一天一天增加，敦促城市建设面对这一方向发展。

这种高级的民间建筑系统所需的材料和方式的变化也更是加快，负载用的电以及天然气和煤炭消耗量扩大，使火灾自动报警系统的设计提出更高更严格的要求。

为了保证人民的生命和财产安全，火灾自动报警系统的设计已经成为高水平民用建筑设计的一个最重要的内容。

目前那些有高层民用建筑经验的工程人员讨论，并指出错误，提出了目前国家有关标准和标准不清楚真正详细来看，作者的火灾自动报警系统的设计，首先，设计的基础是在监督工作的基础上。

火灾自动报警系统的设计，是一个技术性很强的工作，而且，还具有很强的政策性。

因此，首先应该明确以下：一，设计的基础第一，必须掌握建筑设计防火标准，该系统的设计标准，设备制造标准，安装施工验收规范和管理的法律法规等五个大方面的消防法律、法规，并在实际了解有关国家标准和标准肯定的字：“必须”，“应该”，“适合”，“可以”和否定的字：“严格禁止”，“不应该”，“没有”，“不适合“的含义。

第二，必须根据高层次的民间建筑的一些功能，使用和保护东西的防火等级，要特别认真执行现在国家有关规定和标准，切实把握和做到公安消防监督部门的审批意见。

二，火灾自动报警系统设备安装1，火灾探测器的安装敞开的地方或楼梯之间应该单独划分搜索的范围，每2〜3米安装火灾探测器。

第一个房间（包括对防烟楼梯间前的警卫，前室，消防电梯前室，消防电梯楼梯间用上，对前室的警卫）和过道应区分单独划分搜索范围，特别是前室和电梯，分散的楼梯间和过道是相通的，节省目标与火的空间，从而容易有时间聚集分散的防火人员，因此，特别应该安装火灾探测器。

关于普通电梯在前面的房间虽然不是人员分散，但这个前室和电梯的通道是相通的，有一定时间着火的苗头，也很容易聚集和流动，一定要适当单独划分搜索范围，并且安装上防火探测器。

火灾报警外文文献翻译

本科毕业生外文文献翻译学生姓名:**指导教师:孟洁所在学院:信息技术学院专业:电气工程及其自动化中国·大庆2012年5 月Automatic fire alarm systemThe traditional electron safe alarm system mainly is through the sensor automatic detection, produces the alarm, sends out the alarm from the scene or reports to the police through the special electric cable near distance, thus causes people's vigilance. Through many years research and the development, the present alarm apparatus may say is the class is multitudinous. As a result of the alarm apparatus rapid development and the social each domain anxious need, can the application domain be more and more many, specially is rapidly develops in the civil domain.In recent years, the infrared alarm apparatus already becamereports to the police a domain hot spot, because it used was not the obviously infrared acquisition, there for had the hiding to be good,characteristic and so on security. Theinfrared sensor is different according to the mechanism may divide into the light survey and the hot survey. The light acquisition sensor is uses the photon effect the infrared acquisition aid. This kind of sensor speed of response quick, the sensitivity high, the examination characteristic is good, but needs to cool, uses not conveniently. Moreover the component examination sensitivity and the infrared wave length concern. The hot acquisition sensor is uses hotly releases the electricity effect the infrared acquisition aid. After receives the goal the infrared radiation temperature increment, the temperature elevates causes the sensorinterior certain physical quantities changes, through examination physical quantity change definite infrared emission. This kind of sensor works under the room temperature condition, examination sensitivity also very high, speed of response also very quick, moreover has nothing to do with the infrared emission wavelength, may survey the power only to receive the background radiation the limit, the application is very convenient. This article designs is the passive form hotly releases the electricity infrared acquisition aid. In the article mainly elaborated has hotly released the electricity the principle, hotly releases content and so on many alarm circuit which the electric detector the characteristic, the BISS0001 signal processor, 555 timers composed. Finally designed completes has hotly released the electricity infrared detection alarm apparatus the hardware electric circuit.With the modern family use of fire, electricity consumption increases, the frequency of home fires is getting higher and higher. The family of fire, it is easy to fight does not occur promptly, the lack of fire-fighting equipment and the presence of panic-stricken people, to escape unfavorable factors, such as retardation, which eventually led toa significant loss of life and property. Explore the characteristics of the family of fire and fire prevention measures.For the prevention of domestic fires, reducing the fire losses have practical significance .In the modern urban family, because of lot of people do not understand common sense home security caused by fire, so that the happy family Goog ruined blink of an eye, and some lead to destruction, but the event of household fires, improper disposal, alarm delay is caused so thatpeople should get to know more about the main causes of household fires, master to prevent the fire of knowledge and in case of fire to protect his or her own way, timely elimination of The United Kingdom each year more than 50000 families of serious fires, most of them fire casualties and significant loss of household assets, and some result in the neighbors, more heavy fire losses. Investigate the causes of fire in time, the vast majority of home fires happen parties said that the fire always feel that things are other people with their own far away, did not think this will happen even in the top of his head.Home fires are the main reason for negligent not to take timely preventive measures .In some of our large and medium-sized cities, almost every day family fires, fire prevention is so each family must always pay attention to. If your home based on the actual situation in advance to take simple fire prevention measures, a number of tragedies are entirely avoidable.Automatic fire alarm system is in order to inform the early detection of fire, and take effective measures to control and fight fires, and set in a building or other place of an automatic fire facilities, is that people with a powerful tool to fight the fire. Fire alarm system, fire detectors generally, regional centralized alarm alarm and composition; also be required under the project with various fire-fighting facilities and communication devices linked to form a central control system. From automatic alarm, automatic fire fighting, evacuation guidance, system process shows that, fire up a complete file management, fire control system.Fire detectors are fire detection devices, as in the stage of fire will produce smoke with high temperature flame cells. The smoke, heat and light into electrical signals through the detector alarm or automatic fire extinguishing system to start fighting the fire in time. Area where the floor of alarm detector can send the signal into sound and light alarm, and fire on the screen showing the room number; while also monitoring the concentration of certain floors of alarm (if the monitor is located in the building fire Control Center) output signal or control automatic fire extinguishing system. Concentration of alarm signal is received by way of sound and light show, and the screen also shows the specific fire floor and room number, the plane stopped taking the first alarm clock to record the timing, use of the machine-specific phones, but also quickly to the fire alarm to give directions and. In addition, you can control the fire extinguishing system or signal transmission to the fire control room.Automatic fire alarm system is by the trigger devices, fire alarm, fire alarm devices and other auxiliary functions of the device with thecomposition of a button fire alarm system fire alarm system. It can fire early stages of burning smoke, heat and light radiation and other physical quantities, by temperature. Photographic and other smoke and fire detectors into electrical signals, transmitted to the fire alarm controller, and also shows the site of the fire, the fire record of the time. General fire alarm system and automatic sprinkler system, fire hydrant systems, smoke control systems, ventilation systems, air conditioning system, fire doors, fire shutter, smoke screen and other related equipment interaction, automatically or manually issue commands to start thecorresponding device.(A) The trigger deviceof the trigger devices in automatic fire alarm system, automatic or manual fire alarm signal devices generate called trigger conditions, including fire detectors and manual fire alarm button. Fire detector is able to fire parameters (smoke, temperature, flame radiation, gas concentration, etc.) response, and automatically generate a fire alarm signal devices. Fire response parameters according to different fire detectors into heat detectors, smoke detector, sensitive fire detectors, combustible gas detectors and fire detectors five basic types of composite. Different types of fire detectors for different types offires and different places. Manual fire alarm button fire alarm signal generated manually start the automatic fire alarm system devices, automatic fire alarm system is an indispensable component of the.(B) fire alarm installationthe fire alarm device in automatic fire alarm system to receive, display and transmit fire alarm signals, and can send control signals and control functions with other auxiliary equipment as the fire alarm device instructions. Fire alarm control is one of the most basic kind. Charged with the fire alarm control fire detectors provide a stable working power; detector and the working status of the system itself; the reception, conversion, processing a warning of fire detectors;export; Jinxing sound and light alarm; Knowledge specific location and alarm time; the same time supporting the implementation of appropriate control and many other tasks. Fire alarm system is a core component. In the fire alarm devices, some devices such as break, regional monitors, fire shows and other functions can not complete disc alarm device, which can be regarded as the evolution of fire alarm controller or supplement. Under certain conditions applied, and the fire alarm device fire alarm control belong.The basic function of fire alarm control are: the main power, backup power automatically converted, standby power charge function, power failure monitoring function, power functions working status indicator, power supply for the detector circuit function, control sensors or system failures, sound and light alarm, fire sound, light alarm, fire alarm and memory function, clock function unit, withpriority being given fault function fire alarm, sound alarm sound audible alarm mute and again.(C) Fire control equipmentFire control equipment in automatic fire alarm system, when receiving the fire alarm,automatically or manually start the related fire-fighting equipment and display devices of their state, known as the fire control equipment. Include fire alarm control, automatic fire extinguishing system control device, fire hydrant system control devices, smoke exhaust system andair conditioning and ventilation system control device, normally open fire doors, fire shutter control device, the lift back down control equipment, and fire emergency radio, fire alarms, fire communications equipment, fire evacuation signs and emergency lighting control devices, control devices in some or all. Fire control equipment normallyinstalled in the fire control center to facilitate the implementation of centralized control. While others set fire control equipment, fire fighting equipment is located in the charged field, but its actions must be returned fire control signal, combined with the implementation of centralization and decentralization of control.(D) electrical sourcefire alarm system power supply electrical equipment belonging to the fire, the main power should be in the fire power, standby power use of battery. In addition to fire alarm system power controller, power supply, but also related to the system for the fire control equipment such as power supply.火灾自动报警系统传统电子安全报警系统主要是通过传感器自动检测,产生报警信号,从现场发出报警信号或通过专门电缆近距离报警,从而引起人们的警觉。

外文翻译--报警消防

Understanding Basic Fire Alarm SystemsDec1,200612:00PM,By David Herres,Master ElectricianIncreased revenue opportunities await contractors willing to put in the time and effort necessary to acquire fire alarm expertise。

Even if you're not ready to take the plunge into fire alarm system design and installation just yet, you should still know the fundamentals in order to perform emergency work.This includes knowing how to disarm the control panel of a deranged system and troubleshoot the heads,pull stations,horns,and zone wiring so that the equipment goes back online,restoring fire protection for the building.Because these ailments can be frequent with older and newly commissioned systems alike,it's important for electrical contractors to understand the basics of fire alarm systems.A medium-sized control panel with touchpad for alarm and trouble silence and system reset is shown above.Referring to the installation manual,you can use the touchpad to program the system’s many options.The modern fire alarm system is capable of detecting smoke and heat from a small flame,water flow in a sprinkler system or an activated pull station,and reporting this information to on-site personnel via dedicated phone line to any location in the world.Although a seemingly straightforward device from an installation standpoint,fire alarm work can be quite complex, especially when you consider the enormous moral and legal responsibilities involved.There have also been some recent updates to the technology over the last few years worth noting.Recent advances.The latest major development in the fire alarm system arena has been the introduction of the addressable head.Before these updates,in the event of an alarm,the alphanumeric display at the control panel indicated which zone was affected—something like “Fire Alarm—Zone6,East Wing Third Floor.”With an addressable head system;however,the exact location is pinpointed.Moreover,the addressable head system has enhanced diagnostic capabilities.This is a great advantage because when a system goes down,time is of the essence in restoring fire protection to the building.To upgrade to addressable heads,it's not usually necessary to do a complete system replacement. Typically,installers must put in new heads,pull some extra wire,and insert new printed circuit cards into the existing control panel.Each new head possesses an address,which conveys its exact location.You may be asking yourself if this means a spare head has to be kept in inventory for each location.No,each initiating device has on its back a set of DIP switches by means of which you enter a binary number that comprises the address prior to installation.If replacement is necessary,use a small screwdriver to set the DIP switches on the new device.The option to upgrade with addressable heads or to completely replace a legacy system has to be carefully considered by building owners with the input of in-house electricians and outside consultants. For a large set of buildings,the expense to upgrade can be formidable.For example,besides addressable and non-addressable heads,there are high-and low-impedance initiating devices,2-and4-wire circuitry,and various operating protocols.These are reflected in the different states a control panel can be in as reported by the alphanumeric display.A system may also be power limited,or,less commonly,non-power limited.In addition to familiarizing yourself with the most recent technology trends as outlined above,it's also important for electrical contractors to realize how sensitive these devices are to certain design, installation,and operational issues—all of which can result in lost revenue,unplanned downtime,and unhappy customers.Here's a good example.Say an expensive commercial building is all but finished; however,the fire alarm doesn't pass inspection,meaning the facility cannot legally be used.As a few rattled electricians work feverishly to get the bugs out of the system,the owners lose thousands of dollars every day.Another potentially problematic scenario might involve slightly creased conductors coming out of a conduit connector at the detector head base.Although this situation would pose no problem in ordinary power or telephone circuits,it could throw one of these systems into false alarm.Realizing that these types of unforeseen circumstances can throw a wrench into even the best conceived plans,it makes sense for contractors to review fundamental design,installation,and operational considerations for fire alarm systems to keep their skills sharp.Design considerations.Typically,a fire alarm system is made up of the following components:•Initiating devices,capable of placing the system in the alarm state.These can be photoelectric smoke and heat detectors,ionization smoke detectors,heat detectors,in-duct smoke detectors, manually operated pull stations and sprinkler waterflow sensors.•Indicating appliances,whose purpose is to announce builidng occupants or at a remote location when the system enters the alarm state,such as horns,strobe lights,chimes,bells,or combination units.They are also available in weatherproof and hazardous location versions.•A control panel,containing programming and operating electronics and user interface,is fed by standard branch-circuit wiring and contains replaceable circuit cards—one for each zone.This includes an alphanumeric display,showing the state of the system and providing troubleshooting information,and a touchpad so that onsite personnel can silence an alarm or trouble signal,reset the system following an event,and reprogram if necessary(Photo on page C10).•Sealed batteries similar to emergency light batteries,but listed for fire alarm systems.These are usually6V batteries wired in series to make up24VDC for a power-limited system.The batteries can be contained in the control panel or in a separate enclosure.When AC power fails,thebatteries take over with no interruption in fire protection.Of course,there is also a charger.•Auxiliary devices,including remote annunciators with LEDs showing the state of the system,an alarm silence switch,and visual LED indication of the zone from which a fire alarm is initiated.Electromagnetic door holders(floor-or wall-mounted)are available.In case of alarm,the magnet is de-energized,allowing the door to swing ter,it is reopened manually.Initiating devices are connected to the control panel by a2-or4-wire initiating device circuit.In the case of a power-limited system,24VDC is applied to two wires going to a string of initiating devices,which are wired in parallel.Neither wire is grounded,and they are isolated from EMT or other raceways,which are grounded through the connector at the control panel.Polarity is also critical.This voltage is used to power the solid-state circuitry within each detector.It's also used by the control panel to monitor the state (alarm or no alarm)of the initiating devices and zone wiring.A typical fire alarm system has numerous initiating devices divided among separate zones—each connected via an initiating device circuit to a central control panel.The control panel performs supervisory functions over the initiating devices,indicating appliances,all associated field wiring, telephone ties,and its own internal wiring and circuit cards.Installation tips.During initial setup,all zone wiring,initiating device,and indicating appliance installation should be completed before the telephone tie is hooked up,typically by means of a ribbon connector.This is so that the monitoring agency won't receive false alarms.The control panel should be located where it can be responded to as necessary either around the clock or during operating hours.This can be at building security headquarters,adjacent to a telephone switchboard or in a maintenance office—whichever location offers maximum coverage.It should also be positioned in a fairly central location because if the system goes into alarm,a person needs to be able to race to the location and verify fire status before the alarm is silenced.Operational issues.A fire alarm system operates in one of three(or more)states:normal,alarm,and trouble.The state is reported at all times on the alphanumeric display.If the system goes into alarm,the indicating appliances throughout the building go off.These could be very loud horns for some occupancies,or softer chimes in others,such as a nursing home.The control panel monitors the initiating device circuits at all times for shorts and open wiring by means of the applied DC voltage.The initiating devices are normally open.In the event of a fire they become conductive at close to zero ohms.How,then,is it possible for the control panel to differentiate between a non-alarm state and an open wiring fault?This is accomplished by means of an end-of-line resistor.A4.7kilohm(typically)resistor is placed across the line after the final device.When this resistance is seen by the control panel,normal status is maintained.If the resistance increases,it means that an open has developed,and the panel goes into the trouble state.A buzzer sounds to alert maintenance personnel but the much louder horns throughout the building do not go off.The alphanumeric display will read something like“Open Circuit in Zone Three.”The trouble alert can be silenced by pressing a touchpad location under the trouble alert LED.The control panel also monitors the functionality of its own wiring and zone cards,and trouble is reported in the display.A low-level voltage is applied to the indicating appliance circuits when the system is normal.This voltage is not sufficient to set off the horns,but it is monitored as part of the control panel's supervisory function. If current ceases to flow,the trouble alert buzzer sounds,and the display indicates the presence of an open circuit.Several troubleshooting techniques are appropriate when the system enters the trouble state.Initially, you can unhook a zone in the control panel(after disabling the system)and place an end-of-line resistoracross the output terminals.This will simulate a zone in place and the actual field wiring(including devices)can be worked on while the rest of the system is operational.Another approach is to break the zone at the middle of the run and insert an end-of-line ing the“half-splitting”troubleshooting method,as discussed in“Maintenance Facts”on page16of the November issue,you can easily pinpoint a fault—either short or open.Another capability of the fire alarm system is to call out in case of alarm.Two dedicated phone lines are connected,and the system performs test calls periodically in accordance with programmed instructions. If either phone line won't connect,the system goes into the trouble state,so repairs can be made.The essence of a fire alarm system,as opposed to individual smoke detectors,even if they are wired to indicate in concert,is that it is supervised from a central location.The whole notion of supervision is critical.It does not mean that a person sits at the console and watches it at all times.What it means is that a supervisory voltage is applied to all circuitry,and current flow is monitored electronically to verify that equipment and wiring are intact.If the system goes into alarm and won't silence due to touchpad malfunction,for example,it can be disarmed after the zone is checked for fire by cutting off the power.First,unhook one side of the battery array,then unhook the black-white-green incoming power connector.If a fire alarm system is disabled, maintenance and security personnel should initiate fire patrols throughout the building.The telephone monitoring agency should be informed,and the insurance company contacted to verify that coverage is not voided.Herres is a New Hampshire licensed master electrician in Stewartstown,N.H.。

消防外文翻译（可编辑）

消防外文翻译附录一中文译文消防随着我国经济的快速发展,人民生活水平不断提高,城市一天一天变得焦虑,敦促着城市如何面对未来的发展方向。

这种高级的民间建筑所需的维修材料和方式多样化,用电的负载天然气和煤炭消费量扩大,对火灾自动报警系统的设计提出更高更严格的要求。

为了保证人民生命和财产安全,火灾自动报警系统的设计已成为高水平民用建筑设计一个最重要的设计内容。

目前经有经验的高层民用建筑师在监督共工作基础上讨论,在火灾报警系统设计的基础上提出国家有关标准和标准不清楚标准的细节的一些浅显的意见。

(1)设计依据火灾自动报警系统的设计,是一个专业性很强的技术工作,同时,还具有很强的政策性。

因此,首先应该在设计基础上明确以下几点:第一,必须把握建筑设计的防火标准,该系统的设计标准,设备制造标准,安装施工验收规范和管理的法律法规等五大方面的消防法律,法规,并在实际了解目前有关国家标准和标准关键字:“必须”,“应该”,“适合”,“五一”和反面:“严格禁止”,“不应该”,“没有”,“不适合”的含义。

?第二,必须着眼于高层次的民间建筑的功能,使用和保护对象的防火等级,认真执行现行国家有关标准和规定,切实履行公安消防监督部门审批意见。

(2)火灾自动报警系统设备建立火灾探测器的建立敞开的空间或楼梯间应单独划分搜索范围,每2?3建立火灾探测器。

第一个房间(包括对防烟楼梯间前的警卫,前室,消防电梯前室,消防电梯烟楼梯间派上用场,对前室的警卫)和过道应区分单独划分搜索范围,特别前室和电梯,分散的楼梯间和想通的过道,烟雾更容易聚集或流动,人员分散,从而节省防火目标,因此应安装火灾探测器。

关于房间前面的普通电梯虽然不是分散人员,但这个前室和电梯井是相通的,烟雾容易聚集或流动,适当单独划分搜索范围,并安装防火探测器。

电缆轴因为很容易形成输出火灾的通道,发生火灾时火势不容易沿电缆延伸,为此,“高层民用建筑设计防火规范”和“民用建筑电气设计标准“分别提出的建设和在电线或电缆塑造了详细具体的规定。

火灾通知英文作文初中

火灾通知英文作文初中英文：Fire is a serious threat to our safety. In case of a fire, it is important to know how to give a fire notification. Here are some tips on how to do it properly.Firstly, stay calm and call for help. Dial the emergency number 119 or press the fire alarm button if there is one available. Give clear and concise information about the location of the fire, the extent of the fire, and any potential hazards or obstacles that may hinder the firefighters' access.Secondly, evacuate the building immediately. Follow the emergency exit signs and do not use the elevators. If possible, assist any elderly or disabled people, or anyone who needs help to evacuate safely.Thirdly, wait for the firefighters to arrive. Do notattempt to put out the fire yourself unless you have been trained to do so. Provide any additional information to the firefighters if necessary.In summary, giving a fire notification is crucial in ensuring the safety of everyone involved. Remember to stay calm, call for help, evacuate the building, and wait for the firefighters to arrive.中文：火灾是对我们安全的严重威胁。

消防系统弱电系统设计中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照消防报警及控制系统设计说明【Design Despcrition of Fire-safety Alarming and Control System】一、设计依据：【Basis of Design】《火灾自动报警系统设计规范》GB50116-98【Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm System GB50116-98】《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》GB50045-95 （2005版）【Code for fire protection design of tall building GB50045-95 （2005 Version）】二、系统保护对象分级：【Classification of the target protected by the system】根据火灾自动报警系统设计规范第3.1.1条，系统保护对象为一级。

【according to Item 3.1.1, Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm System, the object protected is Grade I】三、自动报警系统形式：【Form of automatic alarming】采用集中报警系统。

【centralized alarming system is adopted】四、备用照明的设置范围：【Scope of installation of backup lighting】在消防控制室、疏散楼梯、走道、电梯厅、门厅、排烟机房、变配电室、电梯机房、消防泵房等场所设置备用照明。

【Backup lighting shall be installed in fire-safety control room, evacuation stairs, elevator hall, smoke evacuation plant room, transformer and switch room, and stair plant room and fire-safety pump room.】五、疏散照明的设置范围：【Scope of installation of evacuation lighting】在疏散楼梯间出入口、疏散走道、安全出口处、走道、门厅等场所设置疏散【Evacuation lighting shall 照明，疏散照明自带蓄电池连续供电时间不小于40分钟。

火灾通知英文作文范文

火灾通知英文作文范文英文：Fire is a serious threat to our safety and property. In case of a fire emergency, it is important to notify everyone in the area as soon as possible. There are several ways to do this.Firstly, you can call the fire department by dialing 911 and reporting the fire. This is the most effective way to get help quickly. Remember to provide the exact location of the fire, the type of building, and any other important details.Secondly, you can use a fire alarm to alert people in the building. Fire alarms are designed to detect smoke or flames and emit a loud noise to warn people to evacuate the building. It is important to test your fire alarm regularly to ensure it is working properly.Thirdly, you can use social media or text messaging to notify people in the area. This is especially useful if the fire is in a remote location or if you are unable to make a phone call.In any case, it is important to remain calm and follow the instructions of the fire department. Do not attempt to put out the fire yourself unless you are trained to do so.中文：火灾是对我们的安全和财产的严重威胁。

火灾自动报警系统毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献

火灾自动报警系统毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献nal electronic fire alarm system relies on sensors to automatically detect a fire and trigger an alarm。

which can alert people on the scene or notify the authorities through a special electric cable。

Over the years。

the development of alarm devices has led to a wide range of ns for different ns。

particularly in the civil domain.One popular type of alarm system is the infrared alarm。

which has gained n due to its ability to detect fires without us infrared signals。

making it more secure。

Infrared sensors can be classified into two types: light survey and hot survey。

based on their n mechanisms.To improve the effectiveness of fire alarm systems。

many modern devices also incorporate advanced technologies such as wireless n。

remote monitoring。

and intelligent analysis。

These features enable faster response times and more accurate n。

对于城市火灾自动报警监控网络系统的探索中英文对照

对于城市火灾自动报警监控网络系统的探索中英文对照Exploration of the automatic alarm and monitoring network system of city fire control in English随着中国的改革开放，在这十几年中，全国大中型城市的高层建筑、公共场所、地下建筑、现代化厂区等得到了高速发展。

这些建筑根据消防规范都安装了独立的火灾报警系统。

这With China's reform and opening up, in the last ten years, the national large and medium-sized city high-rise buildings, underground buildings, public places, such as the modernization of the factory has got rapid development. These buildings according to the fire code are equipped with independent fire alarm system. This些系统在防火救灾中起到了关键的功能，为保护人民的生命和财产作出了贡献。

但在实际操作中，由于火警信息需经过保安值班人员的处理，人为的因素起到了关键的功能。

如近期Some system in a fire disaster plays a key function, make contribution to the protection of people's lives and property. But in actual operation, because the fire information required to pass through the security personnel on duty of the processing, the human factor plays the key function. Such as the recent上海地区闵行一仓库，由于个人的处理不当，延误了救火时间，酿成了大火，造成了重大经济损失。

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淮阴工学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院：电子与电气工程学院专业：电气工程及其自动化*名：***学号：**********外文出处：IEEE/IET(用外文写)附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统摘要：本文介绍了基于单片机的自动仓库火灾自动报警系统。

该系统主要由ATmega16的，温度传感器，烟雾传感器，EX-1自动拨通报警模块。

在系统，温度信号转换为串行数据，烟雾信号转化为电压信号。

由MCU的所有数据进行处理。

监控系统检查时，在仓库防火，报警信号被打开，同时消息通过EX-1传送到管理者。

该系统的应用是由仓库经理有效地处理火灾。

关键词：火灾报警传感器，烟雾传感器系统; ATmega16的温度传感器，烟雾传感器1 序言火灾自动报警控制系统经历了一个过程，从简单到复杂和情报系统在中国越来越多。

其特点是自动火灾探测报警技术，随着计算机和检测技术的发展有很大的进步。

目前，火灾自动报警控制系统采用大容量的抽水蓄能电站，商场，高层办公楼，酒店和其他地方。

他们被用在一些更高层次的总线型报警控制系统，智能报警控制方法的一个区域集中的集合，在一些居民区和商业楼宇安装了由单一的火灾自动报警检测装置。

这些检测报警装置，有时失败报告，或误传。

它的可靠性不高，因为使用单一传感器。

因此，需要开发具有结构简单，成本低，可靠性高，响应快的火灾自动检测系统。

2 该系统的一般项目硬件框图如图1所示，由温度传感器，烟雾传感器，信号处理模块，MCU模块和自动报警模块的硬件。

非电气量，是通过传感元件传感器（烟雾传感器和成电信号，信号处理以及信号转换成模拟量，数字量，温度传感器）将现场温度，烟雾等非电信号。

最后，对采样数据进行处理，并与单片机系统的限制。

该系统可以产生本地和远程自动报警信号。

温度传感器烟雾传感器信号处理PD0 PD1SCM自动报警模块电话机图1。

火灾自动报警系统结构3 硬件组件A. Atmega16美国爱特梅尔的微控制器ATmega16单片机所使用的系统。

ATmega16的基于A VR RISC结构的低功耗8位CMOS微控制器提高。

由于其先进的指令集以及单时钟周期指令执行时间，ATmega16的数据吞吐量高达1 MIPS / MHz的。

从而减轻系统在功耗和处理速度之间的矛盾。

ATmega16的有以下特点：16K字节的系统内可编程Flash（读取和写在同一时间，也就是有能力，RWW区），512字节EEPROM，1K字节SRAM，32个通用I / O口线，32个通用工作寄存器，JTAG边界扫描接口，支持片上调试编程，3定时器/计数器（T / C），片内/外中断，可编程串行USART有更灵活的方式，有初始条件探测器通用串行接口，8通道10位具有可选差分输入级可编程增益（TQFP封装）的ADC，片上振荡器的可编程看门狗定时器，一个SPI串行端口，以及六个可以通过软件节电模式选择。

该芯片是以Atmel高密度非易失性内存技术生产的片上ISP Flash允许程序存储器通过ISP串行接口或编程的通用编程，你也可以运行在A VR内核之间的自举程序。

引导程序可以使用任何接口下载申请快闪记忆体领域（应用快闪记忆体）。

应用程序更新Flash存储区时引导Flash区（引导闪存）程序继续运行，RWW区操作实现。

ATmega16的成为一个强大的8位RISC CPU的微控制器和系统单芯片可编程闪存，为许多嵌入式控制应用，提供了一个灵活和具有成本效益的解决方案。

ATmega16的一个编程和系统开发工具集，包括：C语言编译器，宏汇编，程序调试器/软件仿真器，仿真器和评估板。

B. 温度传感器Dallas半导体公司的DS18B20-型单智能温度传感器的温度传感器制造，其性能特点包括：1）该传感器具有单总线专用技术，通过串口电缆，还可以通过其它I / O 口线和电脑接口，无需通过其他转换电路直接输出被测温度值（9位二进制数，用符号位）。

2）温度范围为-55℃〜+125℃，测量分辨率为0。

0625℃。

3）包含64修订通过激光只读存储器ROM。

4）适合各种单片机或系统机。

5）用户可以设置每个温度的上限和下限分道扬镳。

6）包括寄生电源。

DS18B20与主芯片连接图如图2所示：DS18B20的数字一个引脚接地，然后在第三针和第二针，然后5。

1K的上拉电阻，在同一时间，收到了单一的PD0引脚输出信号。

拉是拉电阻器的电流限制在同一时间通过嵌入在高的地方，阻力不确定性的信号。

计划，以确保从DQ引脚处于高阻抗状态开始，让你可以上拉电阻拉来的高DQ的。

在同时主芯片也可以是外部的现场报警蜂鸣器。

图2。

DS18B20与主芯片连接图。

C.烟雾监控模块烟雾传感器选择HIS-07离子烟雾探测器，通过内外电离室电离电子流的流动不平衡时，集电极收费，直到目前的电离平衡。

在无烟或无燃烧，收集受到碰撞电离电流的统计波动，保持平衡的潜力。

电离电流影响烟雾进入电离室，容易进入电离室烟雾外，比内的影响，重新充电，直到新的平衡电位和集电极电流下降电离电离室时，这种潜在的变化可以用触发报警电路。

技术参数如表1。

表I.HIS-07离子烟雾传感器THCHNICAL数据Table Head Table Column head集电极电位减少透光率的4%/英尺 2.2v减少透光率的1%/英尺0.6v电容 6PF平衡电位收集器 5.5±0.3V烟雾信号处理芯片的选择，是摩托罗拉公司的MC14468，DIP16管脚封装的MC14468，包含振荡器，定时器，闩锁，当没有检测到烟雾报警控制逻辑电路，高输入阻抗比较等，MC14468内部振荡器，振荡周期1.67s。

每个1.67s循环内部电源提供整个芯片的工作。

这一切都保持除了指示灯闪烁，电池电压报警器，烟雾报警器检测到任何烟雾。

振荡器的振荡周期变为40ms的MC14448一旦检测烟雾，此时压电蜂鸣器驱动电路开始振荡时，开始能够输出保持高160毫秒后停止在戒烟的变化检测80ms.Continued在这个时候，如果没有检测到烟雾蜂鸣器会不会发出警告声。

在图3中，MC144681针联合PD1引脚单片机作为弱侧蔓延检获15 MC14468内部的逻辑处理电路处理，现场烟雾探测和变化，产生电压变化的离子电流的离子室时，烟雾检测引脚输出高微控制器处理。

13针，然后滑动变阻器时LED闪烁，蜂鸣器响起了刺耳的声音音频报警时，该部门有火灾报警信号，以方便检测的灵敏度。

13针，然后滑动变阻器设置，以方便检测的灵敏度，当LED闪烁和蜂鸣器刺耳的声音响起了一个声音报警，当部门有火灾报警信号。

图3。

烟雾检测电路D.自动拨号报警模块拨号报警模块的选择是EX-1拨号模块是一个DTMF信号的接收，存储和发送作为一体化通信电路。

单片机和拨号管理过程中建立的模块可以为用户提供的各种信号输入和输出端口，防盗报警，信号采集，自动控制，远程通信和信息传输领域，如灵活的应用，。

5组，可以有7个本地电话号码的手机或组存储，掉电不丢失;电话线路状态检测，自动故障信号输出;电话/外部切换两种拨号状态控制;触发时间，9次循环拨号预设号码;独立工作，独立的拨号上网，不依靠电话和其他外部设备。

EX-1接线图，在图4所示，将PD4引脚连接主芯片氚，模块开始拨号报警台PD4输出高电平信号，PD5连接ON/ OFF端子输入是高电平信号打开拨号设置，输入不工作时，此引脚变低，错误连接引脚PD6单片机引脚PD6输出1开始测试是否完成电话线路故障，READY引脚连接单片机的PD7引脚检测和报警，报警结束当PD7引脚是高的。

图4 EX-1接线图4.主程序流程图开始初始化N有烟雾信号？YR0=1收集温度信号N达到报警值？YR1=1READY=1?拨号报警图5。

主程序流程图因为在火灾和阴燃阶段的早期阶段会产生大量的气溶胶粒子和烟雾粒子。

阶段初期火灾的物质在燃烧过程中产生大量的热量，所以应使用烟雾传感器和温度传感器结合，先用烟雾传感器检测是否有烟生成，然后温度传感器检测到的温度，温度传感器报警值设置为50度。

当检测到烟雾R0为1，不吸烟，R0为0。

然后进行测试时的温度，当温度达到季节性预警R1的值是1，季节温度值达到预警R1为0，在这个时候相比，R0和R1等于主芯片拨号报警，如果不等于不报警重新测试。

这烟雾传感器和温度传感器配合使用，大大提高了检测的可靠性，防止漏报，误报，程序流程图如图5所示。

5. 总结自动报警系统的使用温度和烟雾传感器，通过检测现场的温度和烟，合作，可以找到任何在仓库失火，仓库管理人员通过短消息的形式发送消息，在早期。

所以它的应用可以大大减少火灾损失，提高了仓库的安全可靠性比以前单一的火灾报警设备，并防止失败的报告和误导。

该系统具有可靠性高，价格低，灵敏度高。

参考文献[1] 苗顺兵，熊光明，李永平等等火灾自动报警系统的设计与研究，机械制造技术，2006（2），p909。

[2] 良玉葛，办公大楼火灾的智能分析。

[3] 周倜。

建筑消防系统的设计，云南建设，2008（6）。

[4] 霍尼韦尔,建筑设备监控系统，智能建筑与城市信息，2008（4）[5] 德里克·克莱门茨 - Croome，智能建筑设计，管理和操作，托马斯Telford 出版社，2004。

[6] 张华中，火灾自动报警及消防指挥系统基于因特网的联动控制，计算机工程，2001年。

[7] ANSI，辐射能传感的火灾探测器，火灾自动报警信号，美国ANSI/ FMRC FM3260-2004年。

附件2：外文原文（复印件）Automatic fire alarm system based on MCU Abstract: The paper introduced an automatic warehouse fire a1arm system based on MCU. The system was mainly made up of ATmega16, temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and EX-1 auto dialed alarm module. In the system, temperature signals were transformed to serial data, and smoke signals were transformed to voltage signals. All the data were processed by MCU. When the surveillance system checked fire in warehouse, alarm signal was turn on, meanwhile the messages were transmitted to managers through EX-1. Application of the system was convenient to deal with fire in-time, efficiently by warehouse manager.Keywords: fire alarm transducer;smoke sensor system;ATmega16;temperature transducer;smoke sensorI. INTRODUCTIONAutomatic fire alarm control system has experienced a process from the simple to the complex and intelligence system increasingly in China. The characteristic is automatic fire detection and alarm technology has a great progress along with computing and detection technology development. At present, automatic fire alarm control system was used in bulk storage plant, shopping malls, high-level office buildings, hotels and other places. They were used in a number of collections focused on one area of intelligent alarm control method with higher levels of bus-type alarm control system, and in some residential areas and commercial buildings were installed by a single automatic fire alarm detection device. These alarm detection devices fail to report sometimes, or misinformation. Its reliability is not high because of using single sensor. Therefore, it is needed to develop a simple structure, low cost, high reliability, fast responding, automatic fire detection system.II. GENERAL PROJECT OF THE SYSTEMThe hardware block diagram shown in Figure 1, hardware by temperature sensors, smoke sensors, signal processing module, MCU modules and automatic alarm module. Non electrical quantity that is through the sensing element sensors (smoke sensors and temperature sensors) will be on-site temperature, smoke and other non-electrical signalinto an electrical signal, as well as signals for signal processing to convert analog quantity to digital quantity. Finally, the sampled data were processed and compared with the limits by MCU system. This system can produce local and remote auto-alarm signals.Temperature IonizationTransducer smoke detectorsignalprocessingPD0 PD1SCMauto alarmmoduleT ephoneelInter f ace…Figure 1. Automatic fire alarm system structureⅢ. THE HARDWARE COMPONENTSA. Atmega16The system used by the U.S. Atmel’s microcont roller ATmega16 microcontroller. ATmega16 is based on the AVR RISC architecture to enhance low-power 8-bit CMOS microcontroller. Because of its advanced instruction set and a single clock cycle instruction execution time, ATmega16 data throughput of up to 1 MIPS / MHz. Thereby mitigate the system in the power and the contradiction between the processing rate. ATmega16 has the following characteristics: 16K bytes in-system programmable Flash (with the ability to read and write at the same time, that is, RWW), 512 bytes EEPROM, 1K bytes SRAM, 32 general-purpose I / O port lines, 32 general-purpose working registers, for the JTAG boundary scan interface, support the on-chip debugging and programming, 3 has a more flexible mode of timer / counter (T / C), chip internal / external interrupts, programmable serial USART, there are initial conditions detector universal serial interface, 8-channel 10-bit with optional differential input stageprogrammable gain (TQFP package) of the ADC, with on-chip oscillator of programmable watchdog timer, an SPI serial port, as well as six can be selected by software power-saving mode.The chip is based on Atmel high-density nonvolatile memory technology production on-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory through the ISP serial interface or a general-purpose programmer for programming; you can also run on the AVR core among the bootstrap to program. Boot program can use any interface to download the application to the Flash memory area (Application Flash Memory). Application of Flash storage area is updated when the boot Flash area (Boot Flash Memory) program continues to run, RWW operation achieved. ATmega16 to become a powerful microcontroller by 8-bit RISC CPU and the system programmable flash in a single chip, for many embedded control applications provides a flexible and cost-effective solution. ATmega16 has a set of programming and system development tools, including: C language compiler, macro assembler, program debugger / software emulator, emulators and evaluation boards.B. Temperature SensorTemperature sensor manufactured by DALLAS Semiconductor DS18B20-type single intelligence temperature sensor, its performance features include:1)This sensor have single-bus-specific technology, either through the serial port cable also through other I / O port lines and computer interfaces,without going through other conversion circuits Direct output measured temperature value (9-bit binary number, with sign bit).2) Temperature range is -55 ℃ ~ +125 ℃, measurement resolution of 0. 0625 ℃.3) Containing 64 as amended through the laser-read-only memory ROM.4) Fit a variety of SCM or system machine.5) Users can set separate ways each temperature upper and lower limit.6) Includes parasitic power.DS18B20 and the main chip connection diagram shown in Figure 2: DS18B20 number one pin grounded, then on the 3rd pin high and the 2nd pin then a 5. 1K of the pull-up resistor, at the same time received a single output signal of the PD0 pin. Pull-up is to pull the uncertainty signal through a resistor embedded in the high places, resistance at the same time current－limited . Program from the DQ pin in high impedance state to ensure that the beginning, so that you can pull on the pull-up resistor to the high DQ. Atthe same time the main chip also can be an external site alarm buzzer.Figure 2. ds18b20 and the main chip connection diagram.C. Smoke Monitoring ModuleSmoke sensors choose HIS-07 ion smoke detectors when the flow through the inside and outside the ionization chamber ionization electron flow is unbalanced, collector charges current until the ionization balance. In a smoke-free or non-combustion, the collector being subject to the impact ionization current statistical fluctuation, the potential to maintain a balance. Ionization current have impact when the smoke into the ionization chamber, easily into the ionization chamber smoke outside than inside the ionization chamber of the affected, ionization current decline in and collector to re-charge until the new equilibrium potential, this potential change can be used to trigger the alarm circuit. Technical parameters such as Table 1.TABLE I.HIS-07 ION SMOKE SENSOR THCHNICAL DATATable Head Table Column headEquilibrium potential collector 5.5±0.3VCollector potential with the smokeReduced light rate of 1% / ft 0.6VReduced light rate of 4% / ft 2.2VCapacitor 6PFSmoke signals are processed on the chip of choice is the Motorola company’s MC14468, MC14468 for DIP 16-pin package, contain oscillator, timer, latch, alarm control logic circuit, high input impedance comparator etc. When not detected smoke, MC14468 internal oscillator that oscillation cycle 1.67s. Each 1.67s cycle the internal power supply is provided to the work of the entire chip. It’s all kept detect any smoke in addition to LED flashes, battery voltage alarm and smoke alarm. The oscillator oscillation period becomes 40ms when the MC14448 Once detection smoke, this time piezoelectric buzzer driving circuit to start oscillation, start to be able to output to maintain the high 160 ms after the cessation of 80ms.Continued during the detection of smoke cessation of changes, at this time if not detected smoke beeper will not be issued a warning sound.In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM when the ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke detection and change, voltage change generation a weak side-spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set to facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the buzzer sounded a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the department has a fire alarm signal-based.In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM when the ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke detection and change, voltage change generation a weak side-spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set to facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the buzzersounded a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the department has a fire alarm signal-based.Figure 3.Smoke detection circuitD. Auto-dial alarm moduleDial-up alarm module choices are the EX-1 dial-up module is a DTMF signal receiving, storing, and sending as integration communications circuits. Module built-in microcontroller and dial-up management process can provide users with a variety of signal input and output ports, in security alarm, signal acquisition, automatic control, remote communication and information transmission areas such as flexible application. 5 groups can have cell phone or group of seven local telephone numbers are stored, power-down is not lost; Telephone line status detection, automatic fault signal output ;Telephone / external switching two kinds of dial-up state control; Trigger time, nine times loop dial preset numbers; To work independently, independent dial-up, do not rely on telephone and other external devices.EX-1 wiring diagram shown in figure 4, The PD4 pin to connect the main chip HTO , the module began to dial alarm when PD4 output high level signal, PD5 connection ON / OFF pin input is high level signal to open the dial-up settings, the input does not work when this pin become low, ERR pin connected to PD6 pin of MCU, PD6 output 1 begun to test whether the telephone line failure, READY pin connect MCU PD7 pin detection and alarm is completed, the alarm is end when PD7 pin is high .Figure 4. EX-1 wiring diagramIV. SOFIW AREDESIGNstartATmega16InitializeNwhether there aresmoke signals?YR0=1collectiontemperaturesignalwhether the Nalarm value?YR1=1dial-up alarmREADY=1?YFigure 5. The main program flow chartBecause in the early stages of fires and the smoldering phase will produce a large number of aerosol particles and smoke particles .In the stage of incipient fire substances in the combustion process produces a lot of heat, so should make the smoke sensor and temperature sensor used in conjunction, first with the smoke sensor detects whether there is smoke generation, then the temperature sensor detects the temperature, temperature sensor alarm value is set to 50 degrees. When the smoke is detected R0 is 1, not smoke R0 is 0. Then test the temperature when the temperature reaches the value of seasonal early warning R1 is 1, the value of seasonal temperature not to reach an early warning R1 to 0, at this time compared to the R0 and R1 is equal to the main chip when the dial-up alarm, if not equal is not to alarm re-tested. This smoke sensor and temperature sensor used in conjunction with greatly improved the reliability of detection to prevent the omission of false positives, program flow diagram shown in Figure 5.V. CONCLUSIONBy the cooperation of using of temperature and smoke sensors, through detecting the temperature and smoke on-site, the automatic alarm system could find any fire in warehouse and send the message to managers of warehouse in the early time by the form of short messages. So its application could greatly reduce fire losses and enhanced the safe reliability of warehouse more than the former single equipment of fire alarm, and prevent failing of reporting and misinformation. The system has a high reliability, low price and high sensitivity.REFERENCES[1] Shunning Miao,Guangming Xiong,Yongping Li etc.Automatic Fire Alarm System Design and Research, Equipment Manufacturing Technology, 2006(2), P909.[2] Liang Ge, Qi Cong. Intelligent Analysis of office building fire.[3] Ti Zhou. Building Fire System Design, Yunnan Construction,2008(6).[4] Honeywell (Honeywel1)'s construction equipment Monitoring System, Intelligent Building and City Information, 2008(4).[5] Derek Clements-Croome, Intelligent buildings: design, management and operation, Thomas Telford Publishing, 2004.[6]Zhang Huazhong, Commanding System of Fire Automatic Alarm and Fire Control Linkage based on Internet, Computer Engineering, 2001.[7] ANSI, Radiant Energy-Sensing Fire Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling, US: ANSI/FMRC FM3260-2004.。