新英汉翻译课件教程 Chapter 3 翻译方法

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英汉翻译教程第三章

英汉翻译教程第三章


中英文句型的变动
1、英文被动语态变成中文主动语态: A new syllabus has been drawn up. 已经拟定了一份新的课程纲要。 This can be done and must be done. 这件事可以办并且必须办。 It must be admitted that Singapore is a small island country. 我们必须承认新加坡是个小岛国。
5、 can’t/couldn’t+do+comparison句型(从正面表达)
I couldn’t agree more about it. 我对此非常赞同。 She couldn’t have explained it more clearly. 她把那件事解释得够清楚了。 6、 would rather… than句型(从反面表达) I would rather go out for a walk than stay in the room doing nothing. 我宁愿到外面去散步也不愿呆在房间里什么事也不做。 I’m sure he would rather resign than take part in such a dishonest transaction. 我相信他宁愿辞职也不会参与那样一桩不正当的交易。
英语句子的主语汉语句子的主语汉语句子的宾语英语句子的宾语介词短语中的宾语能够进行主宾换位的英语句子并不多主要取决于英语句子中所使用的的谓语动词当句子中的谓语动词是failhappenoccurdesertdenyappealcome等时在翻译中就可以使用主宾换位的方法
第三章
翻译的方法及过程
翻译的过程 第一步:理解原文

英文的日期、地点等的排列是从小单位到大 单位;单词连用时是分量轻的在前,分量重 的在后,中文则相反。例如:

新编英汉翻译教程3 A Comparison of English andChinesePPT课件

新编英汉翻译教程3 A Comparison of English andChinesePPT课件

• Italian: piano, solo, studio, opera, umbrella, pilgrim,
• Spanish: cargo, cigarette, cigar,
• Greek: paper, alphabet, dialogue, comedy
• Chinese: tea, kowtow, toufu, kongfu
family(印欧语系). Chinese belongs to
the Sino-Tibetan language family(汉
藏语系). It is well known that English
has the richest vocabulary of any
European language. On the basis of
• Ⅰ. Language Families (语系) • Ⅱ. Word-building • Ⅲ. Syllables
4
英汉语言现象比较——语系比较
I. Language Families (语系)
• English belongs to the rmanic
branch of the Indo-European language
A Comparison of English and Chinese
1
A Comparison of English and Chinese
• Teaching aims: to learn about the similarities and differences of Chinese and English in word forming and vocabulary so as to translate them accurately.

《新编英汉翻译教程》课件

《新编英汉翻译教程》课件
意译
侧重于传达原文的意义和精神, 不拘泥于原文的句式和表达方式 ,进行适当的调整和改写。
增词法与减词法
增词法
整、流畅。
减词法
在翻译过程中,删除原文中一些不必 要的词汇或短语,使译文更加简洁、 明了。
词序调整与语态转换
词序调整
句法对比
总结词
句法翻译技巧
详细描述
在进行英汉翻译时,需要掌握一定的句法翻译技巧。例如,可以采用拆句、合并、调整语序等方法, 使译文更加符合汉语表达习惯。同时,需要注意句子的逻辑关系和语义连贯性,避免出现断句或语义 不明的情况。
篇章对比
总结词
篇章结构差异
详细描述
英语和汉语在篇章结构方面存在较大差异。英语中篇章结构 较为严谨,常用主题句和段落来组织文章。而汉语中篇章结 构则较为灵活,常通过语义和语境来组织文章。
新闻翻译
总结词
注重时效性和信息传递
详细描述
新闻翻译要求快速、准确地传递信息,确保译 文能够及时地呈现新闻事件的最新进展。
总结词
关注新闻价值和语言风格
详细描述
新闻翻译需要关注新闻价值和语言风格,确保译文 具有新闻的客观性、准确性和可读性。
总结词
了解新闻行业规范和惯例
详细描述
新闻翻译需要了解新闻行业规范和惯例,以确保译文符 合新闻报道的规则和要求。
根据中文的语法和表达习惯,调整原 文中的词序,使译文更加符合中文的 表达方式。
语态转换
将原文中的被动语态转换为中文的主 动语态,或将原文中的主动语态转换 为中文的被动语态,以使译文更加自 然、流畅。
PART 04
翻译实践
文学翻译
总结词
注重语言艺术和审美体验
01

英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter Three- Idiom Translation

英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter Three- Idiom Translation
为 “致命的弱点”。
Idiom Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Chapter Three
Translate another group of sentences to check your progress.
1.They offered me a good job at that company but I hear that the boss is as hard as nails: one little mistake and you're out on the street the next day looking for a new job。 [译文]:他们向我提供那家公司的一个很好的职位,但是我听说他们的老板是个 很难相处的人:只要你犯一个小错,他马上把你一脚踢出公司大门,让你另谋 生路。
Idiom Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Listen to Doctor Translator
Chapter Three
1. The crafty enemy was ready to launch an attack while holding out the olive branch.
[译文]:那个年轻人对警察说他与这宗盗窃案无关,但警察看了他的汽车行李箱, 将其人赃并获。
[点评]:“caught red-handed ”原指手上沾满鲜血的杀人犯被逮个现行。在例句 中
译为“人赃并获”,也指犯有任何罪行者当场被捉。
4. Better get a hair cut before you go to that job interview tomorrow. You want to put a best foot forward because there are twenty other people after the same job.

新编英汉翻译教程课件lect.3.ppt

新编英汉翻译教程课件lect.3.ppt

5.Hypothetical inversion A pair of black eyes might have done some execution had they been placed in a smoother face. 一对乌溜溜的眼睛如果长在再细净些的面庞 上,就足以迷人的了。
6.Negative inversion Not a finger did I lay on him. 我从没有指责过他。
2.Imperative inversion Come you, everybody! 大家都来吧! 3.Exclamatory inversion What a beautiful voice you have! 你有多么好的嗓音啊! 4.Link inversion Such are the rewards that always crown virtue. 这样的报酬常常是美德所应得到的。
9.Matrical inversion Good friend for Jesus’ sake, forebear To dig the dust enclosed here, Blessed be he that spares these stones And curst be he that moves my bones. 好朋友呀,看耶稣的份上,请你住手 别来挖掘这块土丘。 那肯保存这几块石头的,但愿他添福添寿, 那要来打扰我的骸骨的,但愿他挨骂挨咒。 (莎士比亚自撰墓志铭)
I. Lexical Comparison of Chinese and English
1、Comparison of script(文字对比): English (alphabetic script)(只有词) Chinese (ideographic-oriented syllabic script): (有字又有词) 象形字(pictograph),指事字(indicative character),会意字(associative character),形声字(morpheme-phonetic character)

新英汉翻译课件教程 Chapter 3 翻译方法教材

新英汉翻译课件教程     Chapter 3 翻译方法教材
• 【译文】其次是家住郊区,乘公交车到市里上班的人们的纽约——这 座城市每到白天就被如蝗的人群吞噬进去,每到晚上又给吐出来。 • 【解析】译文采用了异化译法,取得了“形神皆似”的效果。
• 2. 如果异化译法不能完全达意,或者不能完全通畅,则可 考虑汉语的行文习惯,做出一定的归化处理。 • For example: • To those visitors who come from countries where social relationships develop more slowly during a longer period of time, the American way may seem very frightening, too personal, and rude. • 【译文】在一些国家里,居民的社会关系是要长期慢慢地 培养的,游客习惯了这种情形,一旦到了美国,可能觉得 美国人的方式可怕,过分强调个人,没有礼貌。”
• 3) Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him. • 4) All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books. • 5) I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.

新编汉英翻译教程 第三章

新编汉英翻译教程  第三章
定的
*词语的指称意义往往具有多重性,即一个词语具有几 种不同的指称意义.
例如:“包袱”一词既可以指用布包起来起来的包儿,又可以指 相声等曲艺节目中的笑料.
*词语的搭配关系---辨析词语多重义项的依据,也是翻 译中理解词义的重要手段。
例如:英军胜利地登上了小岛. a. The British army climbed onto the island successfully. b. The British army landed on the island successfully. “登”一词既有“爬,攀登”之意,又可理解为“登 陆”.从本句的上下文看,登这一动作的施动者是军队,对象 是小岛而非高山,“登上”意为登陆上岸,应译作land on,而 非climb onto.
c:据传说,五十年代中期,渠边那庄子有一个黄花闺女,为了抗 拒父母包办的婚姻,大白天就跑过斗渠到这屋里来上吊.这是个 上吊的好地方,屋顶上没有顶棚,弯完扭扭的木头椽子露在外面, 随便哪根椽子都可以搭上绳子. As a story goes in the mid 1950s there lived a hamlet over the other side of the gully a maiden who was in the protest against her parents’ dictatorially arranged marriage escaped in broad daylight across the gully, slipped into the hut—and hanged herself! There was no ceiling, only crooked, bare rafters overhead, conveniently accessible for a rope to hang from. A most suitable place, indeed, for such a purpose.

英译汉教程3_翻译中措辞的选择

英译汉教程3_翻译中措辞的选择

Choice of collocative meaning


Some words have the same basic meaning, but differ in collocation. (搭配) eg. mother tongue (acceptable) mother language (unacceptable) a man of sense (acceptable) a man of meaning (unacceptable)
Assignments

Comparison of translated sentences. (P77) Comparison of translated texts. (P85) Translate the sentences. (P84)
Choice of exact meaning


To weigh the meaning before choosing a suitable word for translation (斟酌、权衡词 义) Do not lap up a word or an expression without digesting it (勿囫囵吞枣) Do not extend the meaning beyond its limits (勿引申过度) Do not rigidly adhere to letter or form(勿拘 泥字面
燥乏味。
Translate the following sentences.
1. On display was merchandise attractive in quality and price. 2. They captured fifty enemy soldiers and many weapons. 3. In order to get a large amount of waterpower, we need a large pressure and a large current.

英译汉翻译技巧必看PPT课件

英译汉翻译技巧必看PPT课件
• 他三岁丧父,所以记不起父亲了。
• Strange enough they were the same age to the day.
• 说来也巧, 他俩年纪一样大, 而且还是同 日的。
.
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5.合译法
• 合译是将原文的两个或几个分开叙述的意 思或层次合并重组,如将两个分句合译为 一个简单句,或两个简单句合译成一个复 合句等, 使全句的结构更加紧凑,语气更 加顺通。
• 直译: 好的婚姻不会仅仅发生—它们需要 大量的爱和大量的工作。
• 意译:幸福的婚姻不是凭空发生的---它需 要你为它付出大量的爱和做大量的工作。
• 或:美满的婚姻不会从天上掉下来---你必 须为它付出大量的爱,做大量的工作。
.
5
• 很显然,本句话的意译要比直译更符合汉 语表达习惯。当然,一句话并不限于一种 译法,要根据具体需要而定。一般来说, 在英汉翻译考试中,如果直译能达意就用 直译,如果直译效果不好,就应该考虑意 译。只要译文内容忠实,意思明白就行了。
• The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computation.
• 计算机的主要特点是计算准确迅速。
.
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3.英语名词→汉语形容词
• 英语原文中有形容词加后缀构成的名词, 翻译时可转化为汉语的形容词。 如:
• He came to my home for help. • 他来到我家请求帮助。 • I love having Friday off. • 我喜欢周五休息。 • I am for the former. • I am against the latter.

新英汉翻译课件教程 Chapter 3 翻译方法

新英汉翻译课件教程     Chapter 3 翻译方法
归化译法把一种文化中的异质成分转化为另一种文化中人们所熟知的内容使读者领略到不同文化之间不谋而合的妙趣降低了理解的难度但失去了了解欣赏和借鉴其他国家和民族文化的意义
CHAPTER THREE
Approaches of Translation
3.1 Literal Translation vs. Liberal/Free Translation
• 例2: The first time I saw her, half of my life ago, she nearly took my breath away. • 【译文】那还是半辈子前的事,我第一次看见她,她差一 点把我的魂都勾走了。 • 【解析】若把took my breath away译成“把呼吸夺走 了”,恐怕谁也看不懂是什么意思。下一句也同样体现了 归化译法的这种特点。 • 例3:High buildings and large mansions are springing up like mushrooms in Beijing. • [译文] 在北京,高楼大厦犹如雨后春笋般地涌现。 • 在北京,高楼大厦犹如蘑菇般地涌现。 • 因此,在进行文化传译时,既要尽量传达原作的异国情调, 又要确保译文为译语读者所接受。
课堂互动练习 :翻译句子
• 翻译下列句子,注意斜体部分的表达。 • 1) Dawn breaking over the islands, very beautiful in a soft grey light with many clouds. There is a transparency about the light here which cannot be described or painted. • 2) When we make friends, we should choose those who are our supporters in danger. (Aesop)

汉英翻译3j网上.ppt

汉英翻译3j网上.ppt
Unit 3 增词法和减词法
Amplification and Omission
教学目的要求:在汉译英中能熟 练使用增词法和减词法的翻译技巧。
教学重点:增词法和减词法(代 词和连词)
教学难点:汉语排比句的翻译, 使用减词法。
一、为了保证语法结构的完整:
代词:汉语中有许多没有主语的句子,英语 则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都 没有代词,需要增补。
3 中国对外政策的宗旨,就是维护世界和平, 促进共同发展.
The purpose of China’s foreign policy is to safeguard world peace and promote common devell continue to develop its foreign trade vigorously.
我们要维护人民的权利. We should maintain the people’s rights.
我们要维护香港的经济繁荣与社会稳定. We shall maintain the economic prosperity and social stability of Hong Kong.
3.村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买 东西。
Men and women, old and young in the village, all liked shopping in that small supermarket.
4. 我妈妈来了,我得回去了。
My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now.
二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。 文中暗含的意思:
1.大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。

新编英汉翻译教程课件lect.3-PPT课件

新编英汉翻译教程课件lect.3-PPT课件

3) Modern English?
现代英语是从古英语发展而来的, 仍然保留着综合语的某些特征,但也具 有分析语的特点。现代英语运用遗留 下来的形态变化形式、相对固定的词 序及丰富的虚词来表达语法关系,因 此属于综合---分析语(Synthetic – analytic Language)
2.表达语பைடு நூலகம்意义的三大手段
I. Lexical Comparison of Chinese and English
1、Comparison of script(文字对比): English (alphabetic script)(只有词) Chinese (ideographic-oriented syllabic script): (有字又有词) 象形字(pictograph),指事字(indicative character),会意字(associative character),形声字(morpheme-phonetic character)
2) Analytic Language An analytic language is “characterized by relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relationships,rather than of inflected forms”. e.g Chinese
2、Comparison of pronunciation Chinese ( tonal language) English (intonation language)

新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)课时PPT

新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)课时PPT
技术创新推动行业发展
人工智能、机器翻译等技术的发展将为汉英翻译行业带来 新的机遇和挑战,译者需要紧跟技术发展,不断提升自己 的竞争力。
THANKS FOR WATCHING
感谢您的观看
受到原文的文化内涵。
跨文化意识培养
培养译者的跨文化意识,提高其 在翻译过程中处理文化因素的能
力和水平。
翻译项目管理
项目计划制定
根据翻译项目的需求和要求,制定详细的项目计 划和时间表。
团队协作与沟通
有效组织和管理团队成员,确保翻译项目顺利进 行,及时解决项目过程中出现的问题和困难。
质量监控与评估
对翻译项目进行质量监控和评估,确保译文质量 符合客户要求和行业标准。
总结词
关注跨文化交流和沟通
详细描述
商务翻译需要关注跨文化交流和沟通的问题,能够准确传 达不同文化背景下的商业意图和需求,同时注重译文的流 畅性和可读性,使译文更加符合目标受众的文化习惯和商 业思维。
04 汉英翻译进阶
高阶翻译技巧
语义分析
深入理解原文含义,把握原文的 逻辑关系和深层含义,确保译文
准确传达原文意义。
总结词
强调客观性和中立性
详细描述
新闻翻译需要保持客观和中立的立场,避免在译文中加入 个人观点或偏见,同时要注重译文的准确性和流畅性,确 保译文能够客观地反映新闻事实。
总结词
关注语言风格和表达方式
详细描述
新闻翻译需要关注语言的风格和表达方式,根据不同的新 闻类型和媒体平台,采用适当的语言风格和表达方式,使 译文更加符合媒体平台的定位和受众需求。
学生的跨文化意识,使他们能够更好地理解和传递原文的文化内涵。
未来学习与研究方向
深化理论学习

新实用汉译英教程课件

新实用汉译英教程课件

Written Translation IIIWhy we need translation theory?人山人海A sea of facesRose 玫瑰、月季、蔷薇农业是国民经济的基础Agriculture农林牧副渔Farming, forestry, animal husbandry, sidelines and fishery庐山初识,匆匆五十年矣Two score and ten years have elapsed since our acquaintance at Mt. Lushan.Chapter 1 Sociosemiotic Approach to Translation1. Basic principles of semioticsSaussure initiated the study of sign systems, which he named ―semiology‖, and prophesied its existence in advance. He declared: ―A science that studies the life of signs within society is conceivable; it would be part of social psychology; I shall call it semiology. Semiology would show what constitutes signs, what laws govern them. Since the science does not yet exist, no one can say what it would be; but it has a right to exitence, a place staked out in advance.Signified (concept 所指)Signifier ( sound image 能指)Peirce has given general definition of a sign: A sign, or a reprentamen, is something which stands to somebody, for something in some respect or capacity.Icon (based on identity or likeness, e.g. road signs); index (based on contiguity临近or causality;e.g. Smoke as a sign of fire); symbol (a merely conventional link: e.g. words)SignObjectInterpretantSemantic triangleLinguistic meaning is built on the relationship of the sign with each other in the same systemReferential meaning is built on the relationship of the sign with its referentPragmatic meaning is built on the relationship of the sign and its interpretant2. Sociosemiotic Approach to TranslationSocial semiotics is primarily concerned with human semiosis as an inherently social phenomenon in its sources, functions, contexts, and effects. It is also concerned with the social meanings constructed through the full range of semiotic forms, through semiotic texts and semiotic practices, in all kinds of human society at all periods of human history.Halliday’s model of social semioticsProfessor Chen’s model of Sociosemiotic Approach to TranslationMy model of Sociosemiotic Approach to TranslationChapter 2 General statement of translation1. nature of translationNida out of the date薄薄的夜喇叭2. translation processPreparation; working; checking母亲拧着纺车把他拉扯大,真是要星星不给月亮。

新编汉英翻译教程第三章-78页PPT资料

新编汉英翻译教程第三章-78页PPT资料
“登”一词既有“爬,攀登”之意,又可理解为“登 陆”.从本句的上下文看,登这一动作的施动者是军队,对象 是小岛而非高山,“登上”意为登陆上岸,应译作land on,而 非climb onto.
例如:他是我父亲. He is my father. 这姑娘是漂亮. This girl is really beautiful. 此人是书就读. This man reads every book he can reach. 是可忍,孰不可忍? If this can be tolerated, what can not? 是古非今 praise the past to condemn the present
叠词: 信息功能,表情功能,美感功能.
例如:他对事情的进展情况也还满意.
He is quite satisfied with the way things went. “也”在句中是表示程度的副词,不可做“同样”解,不应译 为also或as well.
3.1.2 蕴涵意义的理解与表达
*蕴涵意义指词语内含的情感与联想意义,是词语 的隐含意义,反映特有的思维方式和社会文化。
*同一词语的蕴涵意义是不同的。
例如:月亮与月球的指称意义相同,但月亮在汉语语言文 化中又被赋予了团圆,爱情,故乡等含义.
moon与月亮指称意义相同,但对英美人士,月亮使 他们联想到反复无常的性格,阴森的气氛,甚至是在月圆之 夜现身的狼人.
*因此,译者应在深谙两种语言和文化的基础上尽 可能忠实地再现原文的蕴涵意义,真正做到达意传 神.
b: 晚霞如同一片赤红的落叶坠到铺着黄尘的地上, 斜阳之下的山冈变成了暗紫,好象是云海中的礁石.
The evening glow there is like a patch of red leaves fallen on the ground covered with golden dust. Under the sloping sunrays the hills became dark brown, as if they were rocks among a sea of clouds. (red—scarlet=vivid red or reddish orange)

Unit 3 笔译课件ppt

Unit 3 笔译课件ppt

Unit 3 Translation Methods
• b) LT strives to reproduce both ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and such main sentence structures as SV, SVP, SVO SVoO, SVOC. • e.g. The battle-scarred old communists who have once made stormy revolution unfold a passionate blueprint today for a modern and prosperous China.
Unit 3 Translation Methods
• “I’ve been rich and I’ve been poor—and I can tell you, rich is better,” a noted stage personality is said to have told an interviewer, and most people seem to have the same attitude about the economy as a whole. To those who hold this belief, a healthy economy is one that is capable of turning out vast quantities of shoes, food, cars, and TV sets. An economy whose capacity to provide all these things is not expanding is said to have succumbed to the disease of stagnation. • “富裕也罢,贫穷也罢,我都经历过。说实话,富裕当 然胜过贫穷。”一位知名演员曾这样向采访者坦言。大 多数人在整体上对经济似乎也持同样观点。他们认为, 健康的经济必须能够生产出大批的鞋子、食品、汽车和 电视机。当某个经济体的这种产出能力不在扩大,人们 就认为它遭遇了经济停滞。
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归化译法 把一种文化中的异质成分转化为另一种文化中人们所熟知的内容, 使读者领略到不同文化之间不谋而合的妙趣,降低了理解的难度,但失去 了了解、欣赏和借鉴其他国家和民族文化的意义。
Unless you’ve an ace up your sleeve, we are dished.
除非你有锦囊妙计,否则我们是输定了。
3.2 Foreignizing and Domesticating method
• 所谓异化基本上就是以“直译”为主,要求译文尽力保留 原作的语言特色,给读者以新鲜陌生感。
• 所谓归化大致相当于“意译”,要求译文同原作同样通顺 流畅,无语言隔阂障碍。异化和归化可以被视为直译和意 译的概念延伸。
• 直译和意译所关注的核心问题是如何在语言层面处理形式 和意义,而异化和归化则突破了语言因素的局限,将视野 扩展到语言、文化和美学等因素。直译和意译主要是局限 于语言层面的价值取向,而异化和归化则是立足于文化这 个大语境下的价值取向,两者之间有差异。
• 【解析】原文是在描写一个颇有东方美人特征的西方美人, 既然是描写美人,就不可把“aquiline nose”译为“鹰钩 鼻”,因为“鹰钩鼻”很容易和“阴险狡诈”联系在一起。 在英语表达中,人们常用“an aquiline nose”来烘托一 个人的高贵。所以,在翻译这样的词组时,就要考虑这种 用词范围,注意用词选义,这里把“aquiline”意译为 “高高的鼻梁”,就会再现原文所描写的美女形象。
译文欣赏
• 3) Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.
• 4) All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books.
• 【解析】原文中使用的carrot and stick,很有可能就会译 成了“胡萝卜加大棒”,让人感到莫名其妙。在词典里 carrot是“诱惑(物)”,stick是“强迫(力),威胁 (力)”的意思。所以,将这两个词归化成汉语的“压力” 和“动力”是很自然的。归化译法不局限于原句的句子结 构,可完全打破原句的框架,以大语境为前提进行翻译。
CHAPTER THREE
Approaches of Translation
3.1 Literal Translation vs. Liberal/Free Translation
• 直译指翻译时要尽量保持原作的语言形式,包括用词、句 子结构、比喻手段等,同时要求语言流畅易懂,直译并非 一定是“字对字”,一个不多,一个也不少。
• 意译则从意义出发,只要求将原文大意表达出来,不注意 细节,译文自然流畅即可。意译不注重原作形式,包括句 法结构、用词、比喻以及其他修辞手段。但意译并不意味 着可以将内容随意删改,或添枝加叶。很多人称直译和意 译为传统的翻译方法。
• 例如 “Georgiana, the eldest, with her black ringlets, her flashing eyes, her noble aquiline profile; her
• “All roads lead to Rome.”:“条条大道通罗马” 是异化译法,“殊途同归”则是归化译法。
异化译法能把一种文化和语言中的信息以近乎保持其本来面目的方式贡献 给另一种文化及语言,有利于两种异质文化和语言的相互交流、渗透和融 合。如 They said sharp no to our proposals. 他们断然拒绝了我们的建 议。通过异化翻译渠道,使大量西方文化进入汉语,丰富了内容,增强了 表现力。再如 the Trojan Horse 特洛伊木马、 crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼 泪、 Robin hood 罗宾汉 等就是很好的例子,具有异国风味和情调。
3.3.1 翻译中异化与异化的具体操作
• 1. 在可能的情况下,尽量使用异化译法。一般说来,“形神皆似”的 译文,通常是异化译法的结果。因此,译者在酝酿表达的过程中,应 先从异化译法试起。
• For example:
• Second, there is the New York of the commuter --- the city that is devoured by locusts each day and spat out each night. (E. B. White: “The Three New Yorks”)
had been within an eyelash of eternity…There are
such reflections, and for some of them I have the
names. (N.S. Momaday: “The End of My Childhood”)
• (译文)我当时晕了过去,等醒来时,发现自己坐在地上,阴影笼罩 中,只觉浑身冰冷冷的。我抬头看看上面的石壁,我刚才撑在那里险 些丧生……现在我还有这样的回忆,其中有一些我还能说出名目来。
• 【译文】在一些国家里,居民的社会关系是要长期慢慢地 培养的,游客习惯了这种情形,一旦到了美国,可能觉得 美国人的方式可怕,过分强调个人,没有礼貌。”
• 3. 如果异化译法彻底行不通,译者应采取归化译法,舍其 表层形式,传达其深层含义。
• For example:
• With determination, with luck and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.
swan-like neck, and sloping shoulders, was
orientally dazzling. (A. Huxley: Come Yellow)”
• 【译文】大小姐乔治亚娜乌发鬈鬈,双眸明亮,侧面看去, 高高的鼻梁,显得颇为高贵,加上白天鹅似的柔颈,下削 的玉肩,活脱脱一个令人炫目的东方美人。
• 5) I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.
in a soft grey light with many clouds. There is a transparency about the light here which cannot be described or painted. • 2) When we make friends, we should choose those who are our supporters in danger. (Aesop)
• 例1:the next thing I
knew I was sitting down on the ground, very cold
in the shadows, and looking up at the rock where I
【译文】凭着我的决心,我的运气,还有许多善良人们的帮 助,我终于获得新生。
【解析】To rise from the ashes 是个英语成语,来自埃及 神话里凤凰生死循环的故事。如果一味要传达原文的形象 语言,将此句话译成“我终于从灰烬中再生”,那就会使 人不知所云。
课堂互动练习 :翻译句子
• 翻译下列句子,注意斜体部分的表达。 • 1) Dawn breaking over the islands, very beautiful
• 例2: The first time I saw her, half of my life ago, she
nearly took my breath away.
• 【译文】那还是半辈子前的事,我第一次看见她,她差一 点把我的魂都勾走了。
• 【解析】若把took my breath away译成“把呼吸夺走 了”,恐怕谁也看不懂是什么意思。下一句也同样体现了 归化译法的这种特点。
• To those visitors who come from countries where social relationships develop more slowly during a longer period of time, the American way may seem very frightening, too personal, and rude.
• 此段译文是异化和归化并用的产物。The next thing I knew不是译作 “我所知道的下一件事”,而是译作“等醒来时,发现”; within an eyelash of eternity 不是译成“距来生只有毫发之差”,而是译成 “险些丧生”,这都属于归话译法;而将 for some of them I have the names译作“其中有一些我还能说出名目来”,则属于异化译法。

• 用通俗的语言概括:异化法要求译者向作者靠拢, 采取相应于作者使用的原语表达方式,来传达原 文的内容;而归化法则要求译者向译语读者靠拢, 采取译语读者习惯的译语表达方式,来传达原文 的内容。
• “to kill two birds with one stone”: “一石二鸟”是 异化译法,“一箭双雕”,“一举两得”则是归 化译法。
whom I overwhelmed two years ago. My carrot is to win. ( C. Tucker: Fear of Death)”
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