杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 1》复习笔记【圣才出品】
杨岂深英国文学选读Book1笔记和考研真题详解
杨岂深英国⽂学选读Book1笔记和考研真题详解第1章 复习笔记第1单元 杰弗⾥·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（杰弗⾥·乔叟）1. Life（⽣平）In 1340, Geoffrey Chaucer was born in London, a son of a wine merchant who had connectionswith the Court. He is the founder of English poetry.Chaucer was a royal butler and had several occasions to Belgium, France and Italy. Thus, French culture and Italy humanist literature represented by Dante, Pytlak and Bio had a great influence on him.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets’ Corner”.1340年，杰弗⾥·乔叟出⽣于伦敦，是⼀个与宫廷有联系的酒商的⼉⼦。
他是英语诗歌的创始者。
乔叟曾充任王室管家，数度出使⽐利时、法国和意⼤利。
乔叟早年受法国⽂学和以但丁、彼特拉克与薄伽丘为代表的意⼤利⼈⽂主义⽂学的影响。
乔叟逝于1400年，被葬在威斯敏斯特教堂，“诗⼈⾓”开始出现。
2. Main works（主要作品）Troilus and Criseyde (1380-1385)《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》The Canterbury Tales (1386-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》3. Chaucer’ s Literary Career（⽂学⽣平）Chaucer’s literary career can be divided into three periods. The first period consists of works tra nslated from French, the second consists of works adapted from the Italian, as Troilus and Cris eyde. The third period includes The Canterbury Tales, which is purely English.乔叟的⽂学⽣平可划分为三个阶段。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-A. S. 拜厄特【圣才出品】
第23单元 A.S.拜厄特23.1复习笔记Antonia Susan Byatt(1936-)(A.S.拜厄特)1.Life(生平)Antonia Susan Byatt,a prominent author,was born in Sheffield,north England, in1936.She studied at Newnham College,Cambridge and Somerville College, Oxford.After graduation,she taught in London University and the Central School of Art and Design.She became a full-time lecturer in English and American Literature at University College London,1972.In1983,she resigned and devoted herself to literary creation.She has served on the judging panels for a number of literary prizes,including the Booker Prize for Fiction,and is recognised as a distinguished critic,contributing regularly to journals and newspapers.Her most successful book, Possession:A Romance,won the Booker Prize for Fiction.A.S.Byatt was appointed CBE in1990and DBE in1999.In2002she was awarded the Shakespeare Prize by the Alfred Toepfer Foundation,Hamburg,in recognition of her contribution to British culture.A.S.拜厄特于1936年出生于英格兰北部的谢菲尔德市，是英国当代杰出的女作家。
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》笔记(彼得 昆纳尔)【圣才出品】
第12单元彼得•昆纳尔Peter Courtney Quennell (1905- ) （彼得·昆纳尔）1. Life（生平）Peter Courtney Quennell was a biographer, poet, novelist and critic. He was born in London and studied in Oxford. From 1944 to 1951, he worked as an editor for Cornhill Magazine, then he worked as an editor for History Today. Quennell wrote biography of British writers Byron, Ruskin, Shakespeare, Pope and Queen Caroline, especially Byron. In addition, Quennell translated the memoir of the court minister of Louis XIV Comte de Gramont.彼得·昆纳尔，传记作家、诗人、小说家和评论家。
生于伦敦，曾在牛津受教育。
l944至1951年任文学和艺术期刊《康希尔杂志》编辑。
后又担任《今日历史》月刊编辑。
昆纳尔著有关于英国作家拜伦、罗斯金、莎士比亚与蒲柏以及卡罗琳王后等人的传记。
他对拜伦研究尤深。
此外，昆纳尔还写过小说、诗歌、评论，翻译了法王路易十四的宫廷大臣的回忆录。
2. Major Works（主要作品）Byron: The Year of Fame 《拜伦：盛名时期》A History of English Literature 《英国文学史》Four Portraits: Studies of the Eighteenth Century 《四幅画像：关于十八世纪的研究》3. Selected Works（选读作品）◆Four Portraits:Studies of the Eighteenth Century《四幅画像：关于十八世纪的研究》Four Portraits：Studies of the Eighteenth Century was a biography of Quennell. He chose four famous representative figures: James Boswell, Gibbon, Laurence Sterne and John Wilkes and respectively called them biography writer, historian, writer and patriot. Through their life and career achievement, the author introduced the late 18th English literature briefly. In 1756, England and France started seven years’ war in order to seize colonies. In 1763, the war was over and that year was an important turning point of the four people. The author focused on four complete different ways of life and their contributions to English literature.《四幅画像：关于十八世纪的研究》是昆纳尔于1946年写成的一部传记。
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》笔记(威斯坦 休 奥登)【圣才出品】
第14单元威斯坦•休•奥登Wystan Hugh Auden (1907-1973) （威斯坦·休·奥登）1. Life（生平）Auden was a poet, born in a well-off family in Yorkshire. In the late 30s, Auden participated in political and social activities and also was engaged in creation. Auden was in favor of Marxism in his early years, but also believed in the theory of Freud. In 1938, he and Isherwood visited China and in the next year they moved to America. In 1940, Auden converted to Christianity and in 1946, he took American nationality. He worked as a teacher in many universities in America and was selected as poetry teacher in Oxford. He died in Vienna.奥登，诗人。
出身于约克郡一小康人家，30年代后期投身政治和社会活动，同时从事创作。
奥登早年赞成马克思主义，但又相信弗洛依德学说。
1938年和衣修午德一起访华，次年移居美国，l940年皈依基督教，1946年加入美国籍。
他曾在美国多所大学执教，并被选为牛津大学诗学教授。
病卒于维也纳。
2. Major Works（主要作品）The Orators 《雄辩家》Spain 《西班牙》About the House 《屋子内外》3. Selected Works（选读作品）◆Who’s Who《名人志》The hero of this poem experienced many hardships and finally succeeded. But he didn’t care about richness but missed his family. The first half of the poem described the process of the poet’s success. The second half imagined the daily life of his wife, indirectly expressing his respect to the good behavior of his wife. This poem uses simple language to reveal a common truth: a celebrity can be an ordinary person, too.诗中的主人公经过许多含辛茹苦的搏斗，终于干出了一番业绩。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解(杰弗里 乔叟)【圣才出品】
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1 复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer （杰弗里·乔叟）（1340-1400）1. Life （生平）Geoffrey Chaucer, born in 1343 in London, is the founder of English poetry. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life, and knew well the whole life of his time, which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets’ Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。
他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。
乔叟知识渊博。
他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。
他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》笔记(克里斯托弗 衣修午德)【圣才出品】
第9单元克里斯托弗•衣修午德Christopher Isherwood (l904- ) （克里斯托弗·衣修午德）1. Life（生平）Christopher Isherwood was an English novelist. He was born in Cheshire county, England and his father was an officer. Isherwood studied at Christ college, Cambridge and London Imperial College. Then, he was an English teacher as well as a writer. In 1928, he published his first novel All the Conspirators. His earlier novels mainly describe young people fighting against traditional customs and pursuing individual freedom. In 1946, Isherwood joined the U.S. citizenship. In addition to novels, Isherwood also had travel notes, reviews and some scripts jointly with Auden.克里斯托弗·衣修午德，英国小说家。
他出生于英格兰的切希尔郡，父亲是个军官。
衣修午德曾先后求学于剑桥大学基督学院和伦敦帝王学院，而后，一面教授英语，一面进行写作，l928年发表了第一部小说《所有的阴谋者》。
他的早期小说多以描写青年人反抗传统习俗、追求个性自由为主题。
1946年衣修午德加入美国国籍。
除小说外，衣修午德还著有游记、评论文，并与奥登等人合作过一些剧本。
（完整word版）英国文学选读复习资料
（完整word版）英国文学选读复习资料Part I The Middle AgeChapter 1 the Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1. Beowulf（贝奥武甫）: England’s national epic.（第一部民族史诗）2. artistic feature: ① using alliteration② using metaphor and understatementChapter 3 Geoffrey Chaucer (ca1343-1400)1.Geoffrey Chaucer is the father of English poetry and one of the most greatest narrative（叙事）poets of England.2.首创双韵体. tonico-syllabic verse. 运用London dialect.3. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.4.代表作：The Canterbury Tales-----In this book, Chaucer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country. In this poem Chaucer’s realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century. But Chaucer was not entirely devoid of medieval prejudices. [乔叟为他那个时代和国家勾勒出一幅生机勃勃而又充满诗情画意的社会百态图。
(NEW)杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 2》笔记和考研真题详解
目 录第1章 复习笔记第1单元 乔治•梅瑞狄斯第2单元 威廉•莫里斯第3单元 塞缪尔•勃特勒第4单元 托马斯•哈代第5单元 罗伯特•路易士•史蒂文生第6单元 格菜葛瑞夫人第7单元 奥斯卡•王尔德第8单元 萧伯纳第9单元 乔治•吉辛第10单元 约瑟夫•康拉德第11单元 约瑟夫•罗德雅德•吉卜林第12单元 威廉•巴特勒•叶芝第13单元 赫伯特•乔治•威尔斯第14单元 阿诺德•本涅特第15单元 约翰•高尔斯华绥第16单元 萨奇第17单元 爱德华•摩根•福斯特第18单元 约翰•沁孤第19单元 罗素第20单元 威廉•骚姆赛特•毛姆第21单元 约翰•梅斯菲尔德第22单元 贾尔斯•李顿•斯特雷奇第23单元 肖恩•奥凯西第24单元 詹姆斯•乔埃斯第25单元 维吉尼亚•沃尔芙第26单元 劳伦斯第27单元 凯瑟琳•曼斯菲尔德第28单元 托马斯•斯特尔那斯•艾略特第29单元 奥尔德斯•里奥纳德•赫胥黎第30单元 约翰•博因顿•普里斯特利第2章 考研真题及典型题详解杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 2》考研真题及典型题详解（一）杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 2》考研真题及典型题详解（二）杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 2》考研真题及典型题详解（三）第1章 复习笔记第1单元 乔治•梅瑞狄斯George Meredith (1828-1909) （乔治·梅瑞狄斯）1. Life（生平）George Meredith, novelist and poet in the Victorian era, was born in a tailor family. He wrote more than 20 novels and many poems. Different from other English novelists in the second half of the 19th century, he laid little emphasis on structure and technique. He was famous for his excellent conversation, witty and poetic scenes and mental description. He was far beyond his age for his treating women as totally independent persons as men.乔治·梅瑞狄斯是英国维多利亚时代的小说家、诗人。
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》笔记(I A 理查兹)【圣才出品】
第2单元I•A•理查兹Ivor Armstrong Richards (1893-1979) （A. 理查兹）1. Life（生平）I. A. Richards was a literary critic, poet and linguist. He studied in Clifton College, Bristol and the university of Cambridge. From the 1930s, he focused on the application of modern semantics in literary criticism, Coleridge on Imagination and The Philosophy of Rhetoric as representative works. Since the mid-1930s, he has begun to study the relationship between language and thought, language and learning. He and C .K. Ogden worked together to implement “basic English”.I.A.理查兹是文学评论家，诗人，语言学家，受教育于布里斯托尔的克利夫顿学院以及剑桥大学。
从30年代起，他着重研究现代语义学在文学批评中的应用，代表作有《柯尔律治论想象》和《修辞哲学》。
从30年代中期起，他开始着重研究语言与思想、语言与学习的关系，并与奥格登合作，努力推行“基础英语”。
2. Major Works（主要作品）Principles of Literary Criticism 《文学批评原理》Coleridge on Imagination 《柯尔律治论想象》The Philosophy of Rhetoric 《修辞哲学》Basic English and Its Uses 《基础英语及其应用》3. Selected Work（选读作品）◆The Four Kinds of Meaning《四种意义》The author thinks that we can analyze human discourse from four aspects, namely meaning, feeling, tone and intention. Meaning means the meaning of the word itself; feeling refers to personal feelings of the speaker; tone means the speaker changes his attitude according to his audience; intention refers to the purpose of the speaker. The author makes an analysis of the effect of the four aspects have on discourse under different conditions. We can use these four aspects to analyze literature and come to many unknown conclusions.作者认为通常可以从四个方面分析人类的话语，即意义，感觉，声调和意图。
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》笔记(C P 斯诺)【圣才出品】
第11单元C．P．斯诺Charles Percy Snow (1905-1980) （C．P．斯诺）1. Life（生平）Charles Percy Snow was a novelist and a scientist. He worked as physical researcher at the university of Cambridge for 20 years. During the second world war, he was an officer in government. In 1957, he was sealed as knight. In 1964, he was sealed as lord. The most important work of Snow was a series of novels Strangers and Brothers. Based on his intellectual and political experiences, he described British social and political conditions in the mid-20th century. He mainly characterized some intellectual ima ges who wasn’t tempted by powers and didn’t want to deceive themselves.C．P．斯诺，小说家，科学家。
曾连续二十年在剑桥大学任物理研究员。
第二次世界大战期间及战后在政府任职。
1957年被封为爵士，1964年加封为勋爵。
斯诺最重要的作品是以《陌生人和兄弟们》为总题的一套长篇小说，斯诺以他在知识界和政界的经历为创作素材，描写了20世纪中叶前后英国社会和政治情况。
着重刻画了一些不为权势所惑、不愿自欺欺人的知识分子形象。
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》笔记(乔治 奥威尔)【圣才出品】
第6单元乔治•奥威尔George Orwell (1903-1950) （乔治·奥威尔）1. Life（生平）George Orwell was an essayist, critic and writer. In 1921, he graduated from Eton College in Britain. In 1927, he successively stayed in London and Paris, living a poor life. His first novel Down and Out in Paris and London described the poor workers’ life in a capitalist society. From 1936 to 1937, he participated in the Spanish Civil War and went against fascism. Apart from novels, Orwell wrote many comments and prose. His writing style was simple and clean, without artificiality.乔治·奥威尔，散文家，评论家和小说家。
1921年毕业于英国伊顿公学。
1927年，先后在巴黎和伦敦闲居，生活贫困。
他的第一部小说《巴黎伦敦落魄记》描述了资本主义社会中穷苦工人的生活。
奥威尔自1936至1937年参加西班牙内战，反对法西斯主义。
奥威尔除写小说外，还写过不少评论和散文。
他的文笔干净纯朴，没有矫揉做作的文人笔墨。
2. Major Works（主要作品）Animal Farm 《兽园》Nineteen Eighty-Four 《一九八四年》Dickens, Dali and Others 《狄更斯、达里及其他》3. Selected Works（选读作品）◆Lear, Tolstoy and the Fool《李尔，托尔斯泰和傻瓜》From 1903 to 1904, Tolstoy wrote an essay titled Shakespeare and the Drama, which criticized Shakespeare. Thus Orwell wrote this article to dismiss the criticism of Shakespeare. He thought that the main differences of Tolstoy and Shakespeare lie in the fact that the former believed in religion and pursed the afterlife while the latter focused on the happiness of present life. This view is very pertinent. Tolstoy criticized Shakespeare because he thought that Shakespeare song high praise of nobility and looked down on ordinary people. It is interesting to note that some writers held opposite opinions. For example, the 17th century new classical poet Dryden thought that Shakespeare didn’t match the classical nobility.列·托尔斯泰在1903至1904年间写了题为《莎士比亚及其戏剧》的短文，批评莎士比亚。
英国文学考前复习笔记
英国文学考前复习笔记English LiteratureI. Fill in the following blanks (15 points)1. The literature of the Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions,Pagan and Christian.2. Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest survivingepic in the English language.3. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth are generally regarded asShakespeare’s four great tragedies.4. The full nam e of T. S. Elliot is Thom as Stearns Eliot.5. The rhym e schem e of Shakespearean Sonnet is m ade up of three quatrains withdifferent rhym es, followed by a couplet. The rhym e schem e is ababcdcdefefgg. 6. The Canterbury Tales ----Geoffrey ChaucerThe father of English poetry, heroic couplet英雄双韵体7. Francis Bacon—写什么出名，代表作Essays《论说文集》（Of Studies ,Of Marriage and Single Life）Advancem ent of Learning《学术的推进》New Instrum ent《新工具》New Atlantis《新大西岛》8. Thom as More---Utopia, 开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河Book I: dialogue between More and a traveler, Rapael HythlodayBook II: (the em phasis)9.The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》---Christopher MarloweTamburlaine（the Great ）《帖木儿大帝》The Jew of Malta《马耳他岛的犹太人》10. William Wordsworth and Sam uel Taylor Coleridge—Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》I Wandered Lonely as a CloudLines Com posed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey《丁登寺杂咏》Ode: Intim ations of Imm ortality《不朽颂》The Solitary Reaper《孤独的收割女》Lucy Poem s《露茜》11. The Pilgrim’s Progress--John Bunyan12. Robert Burns---an excellent native poet of Scotlandhis poem s written in the Scottish dialect on a variety of subjects1) Political poem s --- The Tree of Liberty自由树;2) Satirical poem s讽刺诗--- Holy Willie’s Prayer威利长老的祈祷, The Twa Dogs两只狗3) Lyrics 抒情诗--- My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心在高原, A Red, Red Rose,Auld Lang Syne13. Metaphysical形而上学，玄学派John Donne& Sam uel JohnsonMetaphysical PoetryThe basic features of Metaphysical poetry are its “wit”or “conceit”.“Wit” m eans being clever at “yok[ing]” the m ost heterogeneous 混杂的，不同的ideas together by violence so as to impress people“conceit”denotes a fantastic fancy or way of thinking in the form of peculiar 特有的, ingenious巧妙的, knotty费解的, m any-sided多种意思的m etaphors.①Sam uel Johnson---London《伦敦》The History of Rasslelas, Prince of Abyssinia《阿比尼亚王子刺塞拉斯的故事》②John Donne“The FleaHoly Sonnet 1014. Alexander Pope新古典主义的代表—Pope’s major contributions to English literatureHe perfected the heroic couplet.He weeded除去feeling and em otion successfully out of poetry.major worksThe translation of Hom erEssay on Criticism (1711)《论批评》The Rape of the Lock (1712) 《卷发遇劫记》An Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot (1735)《与阿布斯诺博士书》The Dunciad (1743) 《愚人志》Essay on Man (1733) 《论人》An “ethic道德的work”Epistle I --- a summary of the basic concepts of wide currency in England and Europe at the tim e;Epistle II --- the nature of human and the condition of hum anEpistle III --- man’s role in societyEpistle IV --- man’s happinessThem e--- conveys a dialectical concept of human nature and life；--- duality through an analysis of the divinity as well as lim itation of hum an beings；--- emphasis of the Comm on Road, or balance between ration and passion.Poetic pattern: heroic couplet15. Thom as Gray--Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 《墓园哀歌》● a m asterpiece of lyric●Them e: a sentimental m editation upon life and death, esp. of the comm onrural people, whose life, though simple and crude, has been full of real happiness and m eaning●Poetic pattern: quatrains of iambic pentam eter lines rhy m ing ABAB●Mood: m elanc holy, calm●Style: neoclassic---vivid visual painting,---m usical/rhythm ic,---controlled and restrained,---polished language16. Thom as Hardy（1840-1928）19世纪末20世纪初十九世纪90年代完成的两部作品Tess of the D’Urbervilles1891Tess of the D’Urbervilles◆Novels of Char acter and Environm ent◆The m ost pastoral田园式的of Hardy’s novelsHow does Hardy portray the tragic destiny of Tess?◆Language features1. Dialects of the Villagers2. Ungrammatical Sentences◆Structural featuresThe Division of Seven PhasesRepetition of Sim ilar Incidents◆The description of the nature◆The description of the landscape 1 Fire2 Sun 3 Valley 4 Woods◆The description of the animals1 BirdsJude the Obscure1895◆Hardy’s last novel◆The m ost urban novel◆Jude, Arabella, Sue Bridehead, Phillotson, Father Tim e◆17. John Milton—◆Paradise Lost◆Paradise Regained◆Samson Agonistes18. George Gordon Byron—Childe Harold’s PilgrimageDon Juan a l ong but great epic satire, “a satire on abuses of the present stateof society”.She Walks in BeautyThe poem follows a basic iambic tetrameter, with an “ababab cdcdcd efefef”rhym e.Byronic heroByron’s chief contribution to English poetry.heroic of noble birthpassionaterebelliousindividualII. Choose the best answer for each blank. (40 points)1. The story of is the culm ination of the Arthurian rom ances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. The Story of BeowulfC. Piers the plowmanD. The Canterbury Tales2. The m ost fam ous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called .A. Morte d’ArtherB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the plowman3. The first complete English Bible was translated by , “the m orning star of the Reform ation”, and his follows.A. William TyndalB. Jam es IC. John WycliffeD. Bishop Lancelot Andrewes4. English Renaissance Period was an age of .A. prose and novelB. poetry and dram aC. essays and journalsD. ballads and songs5. Alexander Pope6. In the 18th century English literature, the representative poets of pre-rom anticism were .A. Alexander PopeB. William BlakeC. Robert BurnsD. Joseph Addison7. Which poet belongs to the Lakers? .A. George Gordon ByronB. William WordsworthC. Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. John Keats8. Which of the following writers belong to English critical realists? .A. Charles DickensB. John KeatsC. Charlotte BronteD. Thomas Hardy9. John Keats—Ode on a Grecian UrnEndym ion《恩底弥翁》长诗Isabella《伊莎贝拉》The Eve of Saint Agnes《圣阿格尼斯之夜》Ode to a Nightingale《夜莺颂》one of the greatest English poets and a m ajor figure in the Rom antic m ovem ent 10. Great Expectations 1860 ---Charles DickensDickens’m asterpiecea novel of growth or developm entThe them eThe basic thematic pattern is surprisingly Rom antic in nature, i.e. country vs.city, and innocence vs. experience.The Pickwick Papers (1836-1837)Oliver Twist (1838)The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店(1840-1841)Dombey and Son 董贝父子(1846-1848)David Copperfield (1849)Bleak House (1852)A Tale of Two Cities (1854)A great Victorian novelistOne of the m ost popular writers in the world of literature11. The Bronte SistersCharlotte BronteJane Eyre (1847)Shirley (1849)Villette维莱特(1853)The professor (1857)她与艾米丽，安妮诗歌合集Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton BellEm ily BronteWuthering Heights (1847)Anne BronteAgnes Grey (1847)The tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) 《怀德菲尔庄园的房客》12. Oscar Wilde—19世纪唯美主义Aesthetic [i?s?θet?k] Movem ent在英国的代言人The Picture of Dorian Gray道林格雷的画像Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的女人An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫The Importance of Being EarnestSalomeThe Happy Prince and Other Tales13. novelists of the “stream of consciousness”schoolJam es Joyce--Araby 《阿拉比》Virginia Woolf--Mrs. Dalloway14. David Herbert Lawrence--English novelist, poet, and short story writer.NovelsThe White Peacock白孔雀—---第一部小说Sons and LoversThe RainbowWomen in LoveLady Chatterley's LoverThe Rocking-Horse Winner木马赢家15. Jane Austen●English writer, who first gave the novel its m odern character through thetreatment of everyday life.●Jane Austen is one of the realistic novelists.Works:●Sense and Sensibility (1811)●Pride and Prejudice (1813)●Mansfield Park(1814)●Emma(1815)●Northanger Abbey(1818) 诺桑觉寺●Persuasion(1818) 劝导16. My Last Duchess is a dramatic m onologue戏剧独白Robert Browning----Browning is rem embered for a couple of things he did for m odern poetry: His experim ent and use of the dramatic m onologue and his contribution to the discoveryof the m ythical m ethod and sym bolism in the writing ofpsychological poetry.17. Alfred TennysonBreak，Break，Breakthe poet laureate 桂冠诗人after the death of Wordsworth in 1850维多利亚时期主要诗人18岁时和其兄出版Poem s by Two Brothers《两兄弟诗集》The Princess公主(1847),In Memoriam悼念(1850),Maud毛黛(1855),Enoch Arden (1864),伊诺克阿登Idylls of the King (1869-1872)国王之歌III. Find the relevant m atch from colum n B for each item in colum n A (10 points) Francis Bacon，见选择7William Blake，The Songs of Innocence，The Songs of Experience，The Lamb，The Tyger，The Sick RoseSam uel Taylor Coleridge，The Rim e of The Ancient Mariner, Kubla Khan忽必烈汗, Christabel克里斯塔贝尔，Biographia Literaria文学传记Percy Bysshe Shelley，Ode to the West Wind，Queen Mab, The Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛，Prom etheus Unbound，The Cenci钦契，Adonais阿多尼，England in1819.，A Defence of Poetry《诗变》William Shakespeare，Henry IV(1590-91)Love’s Labor’s Lost (1590)Richard III (1593)Rom eo and Juliet (1595)A Midsumm er Night’s Dream (1595)The Merchant of Venice (1596)the Merry Wives of Windsor (1597),As You Like It (1599)Julius Caesar(1599?)Hamlet (1601)Othello (1604)King Lear (1605)Macbeth (1606)Antony and Cleopatra (1607)and Tim on of Athens (1607All’s Well That Ends Well (1603)Measure for Measure (1603Cym beline(1609)Winter’s Tale(1610-11)The Tempest(1611).Thom as Hardy，◆Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵林下◆Far from the Mad ding Crowd远离尘嚣◆The Return of the Native还乡◆The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长◆Tess of the D’Urbervilles◆Jude the ObscureWilliam Butler Yeats叶芝The Second Com ing，The Celtic Twilight，Four Years，The Countess CathleenThe Hour Glass ，The Land Of Heart's DesireRosa Alchem ica ，Stories of Red Hanrahan ，Synge And The Ireland Of His Tim e ，Out of the Rose ，The Heart of the Spring ，The Curse of the Fires and of the Shadows ，The Old Men of the Twilight ，Where There is Nothing, There is God ，Of Costello the ProudPoetry A Prayer For My Daughter Aedh Wishes For The Clothes Of Heaven Against Unworthy PraiseLapis LazuliLeda And The SwanNo Second TroyThe Crucifixion Of The OutcastThe DollsThe MaskThe Second Com ingThe Secret RoseThe Shadowy WatersThe Song of the Happy ShepherdThe Stolen ChildThe Three BeggarsThe T owerThe Two TreesThe WheelThe Wild Swans At CooleThe Wisdom Of The KingTo A Young BeautyTo The Rose Upon The Rood Of Tim e Towards Break Of DayWhat Was LostWhen You Are OldT. S. Elliot--Thom as Stearns EliotThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Gerontion (1920) 《小老头》The Waste Land荒原The Hollow Man空心人Ash WednesdayFour QuartetsSweeney Agonistes 《力士斯维尼》Murder in the Cathedral《大教堂谋杀案》The Cocktail Party《鸡尾酒会》The Confidential Clerk《机要秘书》Paradise Lost----John MiltonPride and Prejudice---Jane AustenJane Eyre---Charlotte BronteGreat Expectations----Charles DickensSons and Lovers---D. H. LawrenceThe Merchant of Venice--- William ShakespeareRobinson Crusoe---Daniel DefoeTess of the D’Urbervilles---Thom as HardyPygmalion皮哥马利翁-----George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳还要注意作品中人物ⅣV. Answer questions according to the given passage. (21 points)Break, Break, Break,1哗啦，哗啦，哗啦，冲上阴冷的礁石，啊海浪！愿我的语言能够表达埋藏心底的惆怅。
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》笔记(阿诺德 韦斯克)【圣才出品】
第29单元阿诺德•韦斯克Arnold Wesker (1932- ) （阿诺德·韦斯克）1. Life（生平）Arnold Wesker was a playwright. He was born into a Jewish worker’s family in east London. During the second world war, Wesker served in the royal air force. He worked as a furniture worker, bricklayer and baker. His early life experiences became materials of his later plays. In 1960, his The Wesker Trilogy was staged, which aroused much attention and made him famous. Wesker, Osborne and other playwrights made great contribution to the prosperity of British drama in the postwar.阿诺德·韦斯克，剧作家。
出生于伦敦东区犹太工人家庭。
第二次世界大战期间，韦斯克曾在皇家空军服役。
他做过家具工人，泥水匠和糕点师傅等，其早年经历大多成了他后来的剧本的素材。
他的《韦斯克三部曲》于1960年上演后，引起很大反响，使他一举成名。
韦斯克同奥斯本等一批年轻剧作家，对战后英国出现的戏剧舞台的繁荣起过很大作用。
2. Major Works（主要作品）The Wesker Trilogy 《韦斯克三部曲》The Four Seasons 《四季》The Journalists 《新闻记者》3. Selected Works（选读作品）◆Chicken Soup with Barley 《大麦鸡汤》Chicken Soup with Barley tells a story of the experience and thought changes of Kahn family and his neighbors from 1936 to 1956. The first scene was Britain during the Spanish civil war. Except his father Harry with a little disability, his mother Sarah, 14-year-old daughter Ada, her lover Dave and Kahn’s neighbors took active part in the demonstrations against fascism. The second scene was after the second world war. The son of Kalm’s family Ronnie grew up and had passion and ideals. But Ada began to lose heart and was going to live in a reclusive country with Dave. The third scene was from 1955 to 1956. Harry had stroke twice and didn’t care about anything. Other people also lost confidence to fight. Only Sarah still stuck to her beliefs.《大麦鸡汤》叙述卡恩(Kahn)一家及周围邻居从l936年到1956年这二十年间的经历和思想变化。
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》笔记(格雷厄姆 格林)【圣才出品】
第10单元格雷厄姆•格林Graham Greene (1904- ) （格雷厄姆·格林）1. Life（生平）Graham Greene was a novelist, graduated from Oxford University. In 1926, he believed in Catholicism, which had a great influence on his writing. Greene worked as a press editor in The Times for four years. During the second world war, he served in the ministry of foreign affairs. After the war, he did publishing work. Greene was a productive writer and had more than 30 novels. He divided his novels into two categories: “division works” and “serious literary works”. Cambridge University and the university of Edinburgh awarded him doctorate in literature in 1962 and in 1967.格雷厄姆·格林，小说家。
毕业于牛津大学。
1926年依奉天主教，这对他以后的写作颇有影响。
格林曾在《泰晤士报》任新闻编辑四年。
第二次世界大战期间，他曾在外交部供职。
战后做过出版业工作。
格林是位多产作家迄今已有30多部长篇小说。
他把自己的小说分为两类：“消遣作品”和“严肃的文学作品”。
剑桥大学和爱丁堡大学分别于l962年和l967年授予他文学博士学位。
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解(1-5章)【圣才出品】
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里·乔叟)(1343-1400)1.Life(生平)Geoffrey Chaucer,born in1343in London,is the founder of English poetry.He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court.He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope.He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian.He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life,and knew well the whole life of his time,which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in1400and was buried in Westminster Abbey,thus founding the Poets’Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。
他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。
乔叟知识渊博。
他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。
他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。
这尤其有益于他在作品中对英国社会的刻画。
英国文学及作品选读复习笔记整理
Part one Pre-Classicism The Middle Ages ( 449 -- 1485 )General Colors of English Literature ：1. Elegant and standard in language; 2. Melancholy and ironical in style or in tone; 3. Conventional and conservative in thematic concern and in literary thoughts.Main Literary Achievements1.The Anglo-Saxon PeriodBeowulf--England’s national epicIt well reveals the features of Anglo—Saxon English, such as 1)wide use of alliteration, 2) metaphors and understatements, 3)mixture of pagan and Christian elements.Alliteration ：Two or more words in a phrase or line have the same initial sound.2. The Anglo-Norman Period1）The RomancesSir Gawain and the Green Knight2）English Ballads (Popular Ballads)“The character of Robin Hood is many—sided. Strong, brave and clever, he is at the same time tender-hearted and affectionate …But the dominant key in his character is his hatred for the cruel oppressors and his love for the poor and downtrodden.”(Liu Bingshan, 20) 3) The Medieval Drama3. Geoffrey Chaucer (1340—1400)Chaucer’s main contributions to English literature (language) can be found from language aspect. 1) It is Chaucer who formally finished the blend of three languages, Anglo-Saxon English, Norman’s French and Latin to shape the early form of modern English. It is he who first used London Dialect English in formal writing, and it is due to his writing that modern English became the only national language accepted by all English people.2) Based on his application of London Dialect English in his writings, English became a bridge between literature and the great public. 3) First use of “heroic couplet”( the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter/the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter)4) He devoted a masterpiece The Canterbury Tales to English literature, which remains a classic with sufficient heritage in both language and artistic achievements.4. The Canterbury Tales (General Prologue)1) Its social significance:The Canterbury Tales is more than a mere collection of true-to-life pictures. Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie, Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the church.As a forerunner of humanism, he praised man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. His tales expose and satirize the evils of the time and attack the corruption of the church. ( Liu Bingshan,28)2）sample reading•They suggest a state of strength, vigor, vitality, life and imply the return of life.•Study on Images:•In category, we can classify the images in this part into four groups1．Showers, liquid are concerned with water or rain that becomes the source of life and vitality;2.Root, bud, flowers, wood and field are the signs of living things which suggest the return of life;3.Zephyrs, sun, birds are the living things which either brings about or engenders life or the real life form;4.Palmers, pilgrims and people are the waken people who are hopeful and pious, longing for betterfuture and dedicating to the martyred saint.3）Features of Chaucer’s Writing:a : Simple and expressive language ;b :Optimistic tone; c: Thematic concern– the rising and advancing society.Part two The English Renaissance (1485-1660)Renaissance: rebirth of learningI: Background Information1. Historically, we have to pay attention to the following events in this period: 1) Henry Ⅶcame to power in 1485；2) Henry Ⅷ’s break with the Rome Catholics in 1533 (Protestant Reformation);3) Victory over Spain by defeating Spanish Armada in 1588.2. Economically, we have to remember these facts: 1)The Enclosure Movement (“Sheep Devoured Men”); 2)The expansion of the territory.3. Culturally, we have to be aware of the following facts: 1)JamesⅠauthorized the publication of the Bible 2) The Puritan Revolution 3) The Renaissance: a) Historical significance b) “Three worships” c) Main traitsa) Historical Significance: It signified the beginning of the disruption of feudal system and became a movement against feudalism and hierarchy as time went on. It was the greatest progressive revolution that mankind has so far experienced, a time which called for giants and produced giants– giants in power of thought, passion, character, in universality and learning. ---Engelsb) “Three Worships”: Classical works; Humanism; Science and knowledge⏹The love of classics was but an expression of the general dissatisfaction at Catholic andfeudal ideas. ... Another feature of the Renaissance is the keen interest in the activities of humanity. People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world.Thinkers, artists and poets arose, who gave expression, sometimes in an old guise, though, to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty and human achievement, a feeling in a sharp contrast with theology. Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance which reflected the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class.(Liu Bingshan: 34)⏹What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculty! In form andmoving how express and admirable! In action how like an angel! In apprehension how likea god! The beauty of the world! The paragan of animals!⏹人是一件多么卓越的精品: 多么高贵的理性! 多么伟大的力量! 多么优越的仪表! 多么文雅的举动! 在行为上多么象一个天使!在智慧上多么象一个天神!宇宙的精华!万物的灵长!(《哈姆雷特》）II : Main Literary Achievements of the Time1. Main Figures: Thomas More (1478-1535) Edmund Spenser (1552-1599) Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) Ben Jonson (1562-1637) William Shakespeare (1564-1616 ) Francis Bacon (1561-1626) John Donne (1573-1631) John Milton (1608-1674) John Bunyan …2. Some Literary Terms1) University Wits: It is applied to a group of writers who flourished in London in the lasttwenty years or so of the 16th century. The most notable were Marlowe, Nashe, Greene and Lyly who all graduated from either Oxford or Cambridge, and who favored using euphuism and extravagance in writing.2) Comedies of Humors: It is applied to a form of drama fashionable in the late of the 16thand the early of the 17th century. It is so called because it presented characters whose actions were ruled by a particular passion, trait or humor. The leading figure of this form is BenJonson and his play Every Man in His Humor is one of the typical.3) Metaphysical Poets: This is a term applied to a group of seventeenth century poets, such asJohn Donne, George Herbert and Andrew Marvell. They shared some features in writing, for example, they favored using conceits and hyperboles, they liked to develop some peculiar themes but didn’t like to be restrained by strict rhythm.3. Edmund Spenser (1552-1599) : --poets’poet⏹Spenser is the first master to make Modern English the natural music of his poeticeffusions.⏹Spenser has held his position as a model of poetical art among the Renaissance Englishpoets, and his influence can be traced in the works of Milton, Shelley and Keats.⏹“Faerie Queen” : The dominating thoughts of the poem are nationalism, humanism, andPuritanism, all typical of the poet’s age (Wang: 40).⏹His “Faerie Queen”is meant to edify through allegory which gets more and morecomplex as the books go on…. He is a master musician and a great painter. (Liu: 48)4.Shakespeare1)Four periods of Shakespeare’s dramatic composition: a) The experimental period b)The period of comedies and histories c) The period of tragedies d) The period of dramatic romance2) Chief Achievements and Features of Shakespeare’s DramaShakespeare’s successes as a great playwright chiefly rest on the following five aspects: a) The progressive significance of his themes. Living in the transitional period from feudal-ism to capitalism, Shakespeare paints in his drama a faithful panorama of the decline of old feudal nobility and the rise of the Tudor monarchy, which represented the interests of the English bourgeoisie. Moreover, he distilled into his drama the humanistic spirit of the Renaissance, and his drama becomes an expression, a monument of the English Renaissance. b) Lifelike characters--his successful character portrayal c) His masterhand in constructing plays d) The ingenuity of his poetry e) His mastery of English language3) Sample Reading of Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 18”a) Historical Approach: “The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of feudal relations and the establishing of the foundations of capitalism.”(Wu Weiren)b) Character study--- Analysis of Hamlet (Analysis of Hamlet’s melancholy and delay)⏹“Hamlet is one of the several idealists (or Renaissance humanists as some critics wouldhave it ) created by Shakespeare as an embodiment of the poet’s own ideals.”(Chen Jia)⏹“Hamlet is a humanist, a man who is free from medieval prejudices and superstitions.”c) Analysis of the soliloquy:ⅰHamlet is in a serious conflict or contradiction, (to be or not to be; that is the question);ⅱHamlet is in a great melancholy and he is sensitive and alert; ⅲHamlet believes more in the life than the afterlife; ⅳHamlet is very cautious and thoughtful; ⅴHamlet has a very perceptive mind at the cruelty and hardships of the life or the society.5. Francis Bacon: 1) Francis Bacon and his essays The founder of English materialist philosophy. The founder of modern science in England . “Essays”have won popularity for their precision, clearness, brevity and force. 2) Sample reading : Of Studies ( partial analysis)6. John Donne (1573-1631) and his Metaphysical Poetry1) Metaphysical Poets: This is a term applied to a group of seventeenth century poets, such as John Donne, George Herbert and Andrew Marvell. They shared some features in writing, for example, they favored using conceits and hyperboles, they liked to develop some peculiar themes but didn’t like to be restrained by strict rhythm.2) Reading and analysis (A V alediction: Forbidding Mourning)⏹Valediction - a farewell, but a stronger meaning than that: Valedictions for people are readat funerals, etc, and ties in with the first stanza.3) Features of the metaphysical poetry⏹a) The original images and conceits.⏹Conceit: Usually refers to a startling, ingenious, perhaps even far-fetched, metaphorestablishing an analogy or comparison between two apparently incongruous things.⏹b) Skillful use of colloquial speech or language;⏹c) Flexible meter and rhythm;⏹d) Extravagant hyperboles;⏹e) Complex and even peculiar themes.7. John Milton (1608-1674)1)Literary achievements: “…a revolutionary and writer, …”Poetic works: Paradise Lost(1665 ) Paradise Regained(1667 ) Samson Agonistes (1671 )Prose (mainly concerned with revolutionary propaganda and defence): Areopagitica (1644 )8. John Bunyan(1628-1688)⏹The Pilgrim’s Progress (1678 ) is an allegorical story in the form of dream and in thestyle of the Bible.⏹---“Life is a journey.”⏹Allegory:（style of a ) story, painting or description in which the characters and events aremeant as symbols of purity , truth, patience, etc.⏹Three great allegories⏹Spenser’s The Faerie Queen⏹Dante’s La Divina Commdia (the Divine Comedy)⏹Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress⏹As I walked through the wilderness of this world, I lighted on a certain place where wasa den, and laid me down in that place to sleep; and as I slept, I dreamed a dream. Idreamed, and behold, I saw a man clothed with rags, standing in a certain place, with his face from his own house, a book in his hand, and a great burden upon his back. I looked and saw him open the book, and read therein; and as he read, he wept and trembled; and not being able longer to contain, he brake out with a lamentable cry, saying, "What shall I do?"Part Three The Restoration And The Enlightenment (1660-1798)…in contrast with Classicism during the Renaissance, the writers in this period had a great respect for the classical authors, especially the ancient Romans, among whom Horace ( 65—8 BC ) was the favorite ; …they thought that Reason and Judge were the most admirable faculties of the human beings; in the third place, they cared about the painstaking craftsmanship in practice than about the theme or spirit of their writings. It is also called, therefore, the Age of Reason.ⅠPolitical, Social and Cultural Background Information1. Politically, 1) The Glorious Revolution (1688) 2) Two-Party Politics 3) The American Warof Independence (1775-1781) and The French Revolution(1789-1794)2. Economically, 1) Industrialization: Industrial Revolution: the mechanization of industryand the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th andearly 19th century. 2) Territory Expansion3. Culturally, 1) REASON 2) Politics and Literature 3) Enlightenment1) The Humanist Views and the Rational Rules: The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. They held that rationality or reason should be the only cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and rules.2) Politics and LiteratureThe pen seemed mightier than the sword.3) Enlightenment: …an progressive intellectual movement , an expression of the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudice, dogma and other feudal survivals. (Wang,155)…Its central idea was the need for (and capacity of) human reason to clear away ancient superstition, prejudice, dogma, and injustice. Enlightenment thinking encouraged rational scientific inquiry, humanitarian tolerance, and the idea of universal human rights…--- Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary TermsIn the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism.1. Neoclassicism 1) Neoclassicist ideas or concepts became the dominant belief, that is, literature must follow the example made by ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer, Virgil, Horace, Ovid and so on to take order, logic and accuracy as the most and first concern, simply, it must be judged by Reason and its service to human society.…This belief led writers to seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expressions in order to delight, instruct and correct human beings. With this motivation, condense and witty language in graceful and polite manner became a popular vogue. In this group we can take Dryden, Pope, Johnson, Richardson as representatives. --- Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms2. Some Main Writers1) John Dryden (1631-1700 ) Dryden was esteemed as “the father of English prose”, “the father of English literary criticism”, and consequently the Restoration is often called “the Age of Dryden”. He was authorized the poet laureate. His main contributions to English literature lie in two aspects: in prose and in literary criticism.In prose a new tradition was established with his direction and efforts, that is, a tradition of simplicity, brevity, order and grace in style; in literary criticism, his main ideas can be found in the essay “An Essay On Dramatic Poesy” (1668) which set an example to have specific and condense analysis rather than theoretical illustration.2) Alexander Pope (1688-1744 )•a) To err is human, to forgive, divine.•b) All nature is but art, unknown to thee;•（一切自然之物皆为艺术，只是你未领悟）•All chance , direction, which thou canst see;•（一切偶然之事皆有主宰，只是你未看清，）•All discord, harmony, not understood;•(一切杂乱之绪皆成和谐，只是你未理解；)•All partial evil, universal good;•(一切局部丑陋之物，整体察之皆为美；)•One truth is clear, whatever is , is right.•(一条道理很清楚：凡存在的都是合理的。
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》考研真题及典型题详解(三)【圣才出品】
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》考研真题及典型题详解（三）I. Fill in the blanks1. ______ was regarded as the greatest female writer since Virginia Woolf, with The Golden Notebook as representative work.【答案】Doris Lessing【解析】多丽丝·莱辛被誉为继伍尔夫之后最伟大的女性作家，代表作有《金色笔记》等。
2. ______ was a famous science fiction writer, who was president of the British Science Fiction Association and won all kinds of awards of science fiction.【答案】Brian Wilson Aldiss【解析】勃赖恩·威尔逊·奥尔迪斯是著名的科幻小说家。
他曾任英国科学幻想小说协会主席，并多次获得各种科幻小说奖。
3. In ______, Wystan Hugh Auden expressed his love and sorrow for the dead lover. The film Four Weddings and a Funeral quoted this poem and then became known to people.【答案】Funeral Blues【解析】《葬礼蓝调》是奥登的著名情诗，诗人表达了对逝去爱人的深情爱恋和悲伤。
电影《四个婚礼与一个葬礼》引用了这首诗，从而广为人所知。
4. ______ ‘s principle of poetic creation was somewhat like that of “originating from life, but rising higher than life”.【答案】MacDiarmid【解析】休·麦克迪尔米德是杰出的苏格兰诗人，他创作诗歌的理念是“来源于生活，却高于生活”。
杨岂深《英国文学选读Book 3》笔记(安格斯 威尔逊)【圣才出品】
第16单元安格斯•威尔逊Angus Wilson (1913- ) （安格斯·威尔逊）1. Life（生平）Angus Wilson was a novelist and literary critic. He was born in a middle-class family and received education in Oxford University. During the second world war, Wilson worked at Britain’s foreign office. After the war, he went back to the museum. In 1955, he resigned and became a professional writer. Wilson was regarded as the most influential literary satirist. The themes of his novels were about the relationship between people in contemporary British society and exploring moral and traditional value problems. Angus Wilson won Black Medals and French best foreign novels.安格斯·威尔逊，小说家、文学评论家。
出生于中产阶级家庭，受教育于牛津大学。
第二次世界大战期间在英国外交部任职，战后回到博物馆工作。
l955年离职当专业作家。
威尔逊被认为是当代有影响的文学讽刺家。
他的小说主题几乎总是探索当代英国社会中人与人的关系，探索西方文明中道德和传统价值的问题。
安格斯·威尔逊曾获得布莱克纪念奖和法国最佳外国长篇小说奖。
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第1章复习笔记第1单元杰弗里•乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（杰弗里·乔叟）1. Life（生平）In 1340, Geoffrey Chaucer was born in London,a son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He is the founder of English poetry.Chaucer was a royal butler and had several occasions to Belgium, France and Italy. Thus, French culture and Italy humanist literature represented by Dante, Pytlak and Bio had a great influence on him.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets’Corner”.1340年，杰弗里·乔叟出生于伦敦，是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。
他是英语诗歌的创始者。
乔叟曾充任王室管家，数度出使比利时、法国和意大利。
乔叟早年受法国文学和以但丁、彼特拉克与薄伽丘为代表的意大利人文主义文学的影响。
乔叟逝于1400年，被葬在威斯敏斯特教堂，“诗人角”开始出现。
2. Main works（主要作品）Troilus and Criseyde (1380-1385)《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》The Canterbury T ales (1386-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》3. Chaucer’ s Literary Career（文学生平）Chaucer’s literary career can be divided into three periods. The first period consists of works translated from French, the second consists of works adapted from the Italian, as Troilus and Criseyde. The third period includes The Canterbury Tales, which is purely English.乔叟的文学生平可划分为三个阶段。
第一阶段乔叟的作品主要是从法语翻译过来的，第二阶段则改编于意大利，如《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》。
第三阶段包括《坎特伯雷故事集》，这是纯英语创作阶段。
4. Selected works（选读作品）◆The Canterbury Tales（1386-1400）《坎特伯雷故事集》(1) Main plot（内容提要）The poet and other travelers went to Canterbury on a pilgrimage. They decided that every person told two stories as entertainment. The story-tellers come from different classes and occupations, including knight, merchant, monk and doctors etc.诗人与一群不约而同前往坎特怕雷朝圣的香客结识并结伴同行。
他们决定每人讲两个故事，作为消遣。
讲述者中间有武士、商人、僧尼、医生等不同阶层和职业的人物。
(2) Social Significances of The Canterbury T ales（社会影响）a. Through the depiction of the characters and stories, it shows a vivid English social-life picture of the 14th century. It also reflects the rise of the bourgeoisieand its mental attitude.b. Taking from the stand of rising bourgeoisie, Chaucer affirms men and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the Church.c. He praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life.d. His tales expose and satirize the evils of his time, attack degeneration of the noble, the corruption of the Church.a. 通过人物介绍与故事的叙述，作品生动地反映了英国十四世纪的社会生活，展示了反映资产阶级的兴起及其精神面貌的现实生活图景。
b. 站在发展中的小资产阶级的立场，乔叟肯定了人的力量，反对教会宣扬的禁欲主义。
c. 赞扬了人的力量，智慧和对生活的热爱。
d. 展现并批判了时代的罪恶，批判了贵族和教会的堕落。
(3) Chaucer’ s Language（乔叟的语言）a. Chaucer’s language, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. He is a master of word-pictures.b. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, (especially the heroic couplet) to English poetry.c. Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.d. Chaucer is good at the terza rima, which makes his language a high style.a. 乔叟的语言属于中英语，非常形象准确。
他是用语言构建图画的大师。
b. 乔叟对英语诗歌的贡献主要在于他将法国的韵脚重复的诗节（尤其是英雄双韵体）介绍到英国。
c. 乔叟在使伦敦方言成为现代英语的标准中发挥了重要作用。
d. 乔叟善于使用三行体，这种诗体使他的语言很高雅。
第2单元流行民谣1. Ballad（民谣）(1) Ballads are oral literature of the English people.(2) A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second andfourth lines rhymed.(3) The subjects of ballads are various such as the struggle of young lovers againsttheir feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, and the criticism of the civil war.(4) “Robin Hood” is the most important ballad of that time.Robin Hood lived in the greenwood tree with his merry men, taking from the rich and giving to the poor and fighting against bishops.(1) 民谣是英国人民大众的口头文学。
(2) 民谣是以歌的形式讲述的故事，通常由4行组成一节，其中第二和第四行押韵。
(3) 民谣内容多样，有关于年轻爱侣反对封建家长的，有爱情和财富冲突的，有关于嫉妒残忍行动的，有批判国内战乱的。
(4) 其中，罗宾汉民谣是最重要的。
罗宾汉同他的伙伴们一起逍遥地生活在绿林中，劫富济贫，与教会作斗争。
2. Robin Hood and Allin·a-Dale《罗宾汉和埃林阿代尔》A knight grabbed common women and Robin Hood tried to prevent him and saved the women.骑士强夺民妇，罗宾汉路遇不平、拔刀相助，最后救出了妇女。
3. The Babes in the Wood《林中孩童》(1) Main plot（内容提要）An uncle plotted to take heritage and killed his nephew and niece. Suffering from retribution, the uncle dissipated all his fortune and died in prison from debt.一个叔父为了谋夺遗产，害死侄儿侄女。
后天理报应，叔父倾家荡产，终因负债死于狱中。
(2) Moral（寓意）The moral of the story is to encourage people to do good deeds.故事的寓意在于劝人为善。