2011年上海高考英语一模翻译各区试题集
2011年上海高考英语试题含答案
2011年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷(105分)I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ASection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. NoteA. launchedB. unpleasantC. applyingD. technicallyE. impactF. coatingG. fixedH. miraculouslyI. superiorJ. advancesHow would you like to wear the same underwear (内衣裤) for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as 41 as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 42 resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost 43clean. By observing nature, scientists are 44 the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been 45 . Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special 46 on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been 47 to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic 48 will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger 49 on our lives.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank w ith the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining(留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that ther e is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50.A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all51.A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52.A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53.A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54.A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55.A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical56.A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. differe nce57.A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58.A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary59.A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable60.A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest61.A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting62.A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected63.A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenientSection BSe ction CSection DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether bychance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)65.What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?66.What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a large organization?67.After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation ___________________________.68.From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is ____________________________________ that make(s)an organization more successful.第Ⅱ卷(共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.你为什么不在网上订票? (Why)2.我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。
2011上海市普陀区高三一模英语卷
上海市普陀区2011届第一学期高三期末调研卷（英语）2011.01 Section A Short Conversations（10分）Directions: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Neighbors. B. Boss and employee. C. Doctor and patient. D. Teachers and students.2. A. She can't see it now. B. She is eager to see it.C. She wants the man to see it first.D. She doesn’t care about it.3. A. The woman will go to the airport by taxi. B. The woman is asking the man for help.C. The woman's car has broken down.D. The woman doesn’t like to take the taxi.4. A. She likes biology very much and will continue with it.B. S he will take a science course like biology.C. S he doesn't want to take any more science course.D. S he wants to read more science books.5. A. 2 hours. B. 3 hours. C. 4 hours. D. 5 hours.6. A. At the office. B. In the waiting room. C. At the airport. D. In a restaurant.7. A. It’s too big . B. It’s very good. C. It’s not true. D. It’s not good.8. A. Take care of his daughter. B. Be on duty.C. Be ill .D. Go out sightseeing.9. A.10. B.20. C.30. D.3.10. A. Jim and Jack. B. Jim and Rose.C. John and Jack .D. Jack and Rose.Section B Passages（12分）Directions: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Rent a grave. B. Burn the body.C. Bury the dead near a church.D. Buy a piece of land for a grave.12. A. To solve the problem of lack of land.B. To see whether they have decayed.C. To follow the Greek religious practice.D. To move them to a multi-storey graveyard.13. A. They should be buried lying down.B. They should be buried standing up.C. They should be buried after being washed.D. They should be buried when partially decayed.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.B. Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C. The United States is a country of immigrants.D. Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.15. A. They can make friends with people from other countries.B. They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C. They can practise speaking foreign languages there.D. They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.16.A. The couple cook the dishes and the children help them.B. he husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.C. The mother does the cooking while the father and children wait on the guests.D. A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Section C Longer Conversations（8分）Directions: In section C, you will hear a longer conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you will be required to fulfill the task by filling in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Why can't Karen concentrate on the book? She lacks ____17___in it.Why is Karen starting to like the course less and less? She ____18____ Philosophy to English. Who thinks Philosophy graduates have limited job opportunities? Karen's ____19____.What is Karen thinking of doing? Changing her ___20_____.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.What's the purpose of Mr. Thunder's visit? To ____21___for a job in the woman's company. What is Mr. Thunder's current job? He ___22___ of brokers in a big company.Why does the man want to change his job? The woman's company has an__23___ .What will the woman's company offer? Two weeks of paid vacation and dental and___24 ___.Complete the table using NO MORE THREE WORDS for each blank.Ⅱ．Grammar and vocabulary （16分）Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following, sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C or D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true______ it comes to the classroom tests.A. beforeB. asC. sinceD. when26. The president promised to keep all the board members __________ of how the negotiations were going on.A. informedB. informC. be informedD. informing27. In recent years much more emphasis has been put __________ developing the students’ productive skills.A. overB. ontoC. inD. on28. __________ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A. SomeB. AnyoneC. OneD. Someone29. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _______ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A. whoseB. whichC. thatD. what30. , I think, and all the problems could be settled.A. If you make more effortsB. Making more effortsC. A bit more effortD. To have made more efforts31. _____ at in this way, the present situation about birds flu doesn’t seem sodisappointing.A. LookingB. LookedC. Having lookedD. To look32. Many people have been ill from a strange disease these days, we’ve never heard of before.A. oneB. thatC. itD. this33. It was quite a serious accident, caused by careless driving.A. which I think wasB. I think which wasC. which I think it wasD. I think which it was34. ---Why did you put the wood ne ar the fire? It’s dangerous.---Don’t worry. Wet wood won’t _______.A. burntB. be burntC. be burningD. burn35. Mother made a promise ____ I passed the college entrance examination she would buy me a mobile phone.A. thatB. if thatC. that ifD. that whether36.Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, ______ to blame.A. isB. that isC. areD. who are37. I can hardly imagine so pretty girl like you ________ boxing.A. likeB. to likeC. likingD. to have liked38. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _______ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A. have allowedB. allowC. allowingD. allows39. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, __________ all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had lostB. would loseC. would have lostD. should have lost40. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations __________ formal language is used.A. in whichB. on whichC. in thatD. at whatSection BDirections: Complete the passage with the words given in the table. Each word can be used only once. There is an extra one that you will find no use for.A. ResourcesB. developedC. similarD. deeplyE. quantitiesF. providedG. explorationsH. deeperI. ThroughoutJ. technologicalMan is a land animal, but he is also closely tied to the sea. ___41___ history the sea has served the needs of man. The sea has __42____man with food and a convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Today, nearly two-thirds of the world’s population live within 80 kilomet ers of the sea coast.In the modern ___43___ world, the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive . ___44____ on land are beginning to be used up. The sea, however, still can be hoped to supply many of man’s needs.The list of riches of the sea yet to be ____45____ by man’s technology is impressive. Oil and gas ___46____ have been carried out for nearly 30 years. Valuable amounts of minerals exist on the ocean floor ready to be mined (开采).Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large ____47___ of food. The culture of fish and shellfish (贝类动物) is an ancient skill practised in the past mainly by Oriental people.Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way ____48____ to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents (水流) and waves offer possible use as a source of energy.Technology is enabling man to explore ever more ___49___ under the sea. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible.The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. Experts believe that by the year 2000 the problems that prevent us from exploiting fully the food, minerals, and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved.Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension（50分）Section A Cloze（15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C or D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.What’s your earliest childhood memory?Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television programme? Adults seldom ___50___ events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four ___51____ retain(记住) any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been ___52___ by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia”(儿童失忆症). One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature ___53___ about the age of two. But the most popular theory maintains that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot ___54___ childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or ___55___ -- one event follows ___56___ as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental ___57___ for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don’t find any that fit the __58___.It’s like trying to find a Chinese work in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new __59___ for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren’t any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use __60___ spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term impressions of them into long-term memories. In other ___61___, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about___62___ -- Mother talking about the afternoon __63___ looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this ___64___ reinforcement（强化）, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form permanent memories of their personal experiences.50. A. recall B. resolve C. involve D. interpret51. A. merely B. really C. largely D. rarely52. A. proposed B. witnessed C. canceled D. figured53. A. after B. since C. until D. once54. A. access B. refer C. reflect D. attain55. A. regulations B. descriptions C. narratives D. forecasts56. A. the other B. others C. the rest D. another57. A. flashes B. files C. outputs D. dreams58. A. frame B. landscape C. footstep D. pattern59. A. explanation B. factor C. emphasis D. arrangement60. A. some else B. someone else’s C. anyone else D. anyone else’s61. A. words B. means C. senses D. cases62. A. it B. them C. him D. theirs63. A. taken B. spent C. used D. chosen64. A. petty B. mutual C. habitual D. verbalSection B （22分）Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C or D. Choose the one that suits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea.Erosion（侵蚀）of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.65. What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face? ______________________.A. The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.B. The experts’ lack of knowledge.C. The rising of the sea level.D. The washing-away of limestone cliffs.66. The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England ___________________.A. will soon become a problem for people living in central EnglandB. has now become a threat to the local residentsC. is quickly changing the map of EnglandD. can be stopped if proper measures are taken67. The experts’ study on the problem of erosion can _____________________.A. lead to its eventual solutionB. provide an effective way to slow it downC. help to prevent it from worseningD. warn people whose homes are in danger68. It is not feasible(可行的) to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because _____________.A. it is too costly and will endanger neighbouring areasB. the government is too slow in taking actionC. they will be easily knocked down by waves and currentsD. house agents along the coast do not support the idea(B)Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. the television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible（可减税的）. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.69. It is surprising that Americans who worship（敬仰）variety and individuality _______.A. still judge a man by his clothesB. hold the uniform in such high regardC. enjoy having a professional identityD. will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform70. People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _______.A. suggests quality workB. discards his social identityC. appears to be more practicalD. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes71. The chief function of a uniform is to _______.A. provide practical benefits to the wearerB. make the wearer catch the pubic eyeC. inspire the wearer’s confidence in himselfD. provide the wearer with a professional identity(C)On December 3，more than 10,000 scientists, environmental activists and government officials from 187 countries met in Bali, Indonesia, which is the largest global warming conference ever held. One of the main goals of the two-week meeting is to develop a replacement for the international treaty called the Kyoto Protocol, which has been signed by 174, countries, calling for limits on the emission of greenhouse gases.Under the Kyoto Protocol, nations were legally bound to reduce greenhouse gases, but since it was signed in 2005, they have continued to increase worldwide. Of the largest greenhouse gas emitters, only Russia and Japan have agreed to follow the rules. China and India－second and sixth on the list －are making efforts to make cuts.The U.S signed the treaty in 1997 but has not yet agreed to follow the strict rules, which require that greenhouse gas release be reduced by 10% by 2012. U.S. officials are opposed to these mandatory （强制性的），or required, cuts in emissions. "We’re worrying that it would be too costly and would hurt the U.S. economy. But we're not here to be a roadblock," said Harlan L. Watson, a top U.S. climate official.Even if greenhouse gases are reduced, scientists say it will take decades or longer to stop the global warming that is already underway. To help poor countries deal with rising temperatures and climate changes, the UN has developed the "Adaptation Fund" to help them improve farming techniques and water systems.But so far, it has only raised $67 million."The money should come from the countries most responsible and most capable," said Kate Raworth, a senior research official from the Oxfam International aid group. She listed the U.S., European Union, Japan, Australia and Canada.72. The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refers to“________________”.A. greenhouse gasesB. the countries which have signed the treaty.C. people who are against the treatyD. the measures taken to reduce greenhouse gases73. By saying "But we’re not here to be a roadblock", Harlan L. Watson wants to say that______________________.A. the U.S will be a roadblock to the global economyB. the U.S has realized that some action must be takenC. the U.S refused to follow the rules of the Kyoto ProtocolD. the U.S thinks this conference of no importance74. According to Kate Raworth, the "Adaptation Fund" should come from all the followingEXCEPT____________________.A. JapanB. European UnionC. IndiaD. Canada75. We can learn from the passage that___________________.A. the conference will last a fortnightB. the U.S hasn’t signed the Kyoto Protocol.C. many manufacturers attended the conferenceD. the global warming will be stopped as soon as greenhouse gases are reduced(D)Section C（5分）Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading form A-F for each paragraph.76．Computers may never offer a perfect system for work and communications. Yet, in spite of the bugs that need to be worked out, there is no question that computers now shape the pattern of our activities. Almost everyone has felt the impact of change as the Internet has revolutionized the way we do things: from the way we run our daily errand to the way we relate to other human being.77．With the Internet, we can now get to information, products, and friends more quickly. With a few clicks of the mouse, we can do research on specific subjects that might have taken hours or days in a library. With online shopping, we can buy what we need more quickly and efficiently. With e-mail, we can maintain friendships as well as create new ones, without ever sitting down to write or post a letter. The Internet now binds more people around the world together through their common interests. For exampl e, many people participate in Internet “chat”. There are informal discussions in which people type their questions and answers to each other on the computer. And unlike spoken conversations, “chat” can involve hundreds of people --- all of whom are interested in the topic being discussed. The Internet has created a new kind of social life.78．But not everyone feels the Internet is improving our lives. The Web is messy in that it cannot always provided clear directions on how to get where we want to go. And the Web is not an organized database; rather it is a brier patch, where people can get stuck or lost. Online shopping is an exampleof this mess. Although shopping from home is appealing, e-commerce is not always as convenient as one might think. Sometimes it takes a long time to order on the Internet. People can waste time to get confused filling out information on all the different screens to place an order.79．Most importantly, many people are concerned about privacy issues. They are reluctant to put their personal information on the Web. Filling in information such as one’s name, address, phone number, and credit card information can shake the confidence of an online shopper. Some even fear that there is conspiracy among businesses to use consumer information for their own benefit.80．Perhaps even more troubling is the belief that as people spend more time surfing the Web, they are becoming socially isolated. A recent survey indicated that 16 percent of Internet users spend less time with family and friends. The amount of time a husband or wife spends on the Web is frequently considered as one cause for divorce. Many young people say that their closest friends are those they have communicated with on the Internet, that is, their closest friends are people they have never even met.Section D（8分）Complete the following sentences using fewest words.(E)Americans wear black for mourning while Chinese wear white. Westerners think of dragons as monsters while Chinese honor them as symbols of God. Chinese civilization has often shown such polarities (极性) with the West, as though each stands at extreme ends of a global string. Now in the University of California, Berkeley, a psychologist has discovered deeper polarities between Chinese and American cultures — polarities that go to the heart of how we reason and discover truth.His findings go far toward explaining why American cultures seem to be contentious and Chinese cultures so passive, when compared to each other. More importantly, the research opens the way for the peoples of the East and the West to learn from each other in fundamental ways. The Chinese could learn much from Western methods for determining scientific truth, said Kaiping Peng, a former Beijing scholar, who is now a UC Berkeley assistant professor of psychology. And Americans could profit enormously from the Chinese tolerance for accepting contradictions in social and personal life, he said.“Americans have a terrible need to find out who is right in an argument,” said Peng. “The problem is that at the interpersonal level you rea lly don’t need to find the truth, or maybe there isn’t any.” Chinese people, said Peng, are far more content to think that both sides have flaws and virtues, because they have a holistic (整体的) awareness that life is full of contradictions. They do far less blaming of the individual than Americans do, he added.In studies of interpersonal argument, for example, when subjects were asked to deal with contradictory information stemming(起源于) from conflict between a mother and a daughter or a student and a school, Peng found that Americans were “non-compromising, blaming one side —usually the mother — for the causes of the problems, demanding changes from one side to attain a solution and offerin g no compromise” in dealing with the conflict. Compared to this angry, blaming American stance, the Chinese were paragons (模范) of compromise, finding fault on both sides andlooking for solutions that moved both sides to the middle.81. In Paragraph 1, the author sets examples in order to _________._________________________________________________________.82. Compared with Americans, Chinese are _________._________________________________________________________.83. The studies show that _________._________________________________________________________.84. What is the main idea of the passage?_________________________________________________________.第Ⅱ卷（共45分）Ⅰ.Translation（20分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. You are required to use the word given in the bracket for each respective sentence.1.黄浦江隧道的建成极大地促进了浦东的发展。
2011-2013嘉定高三一模卷翻译
I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、不论价钱多少，她也打算买下那件美丽的服装。
( regardless of)________________________________________________________________________2、你对上周美术馆展出的那些画感兴趣吗？(appeal)________________________________________________________________________3、家长与孩子之间缺乏必要的交流已经成为一个社会问题。
(lack n.)________________________________________________________________________4、2010上海成功举办了世博会，这对于上海经济的发展意义重大。
（make a difference）________________________________________________________________________5、我校最近进行的调查表明，对于有关自己学校里发生的各种事情，大多数同学在网上都参加过讨论。
（participate）________________________________________________________________________I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、许多街道都是以名人或大城市命名的。
2011年上海高考英语一模翻译参考答案
奉贤区1. Nowadays people are more concerned about food safety.2. I don’t think he will change his mind easily.3. We senior high students should have great ambition and should not be satisfied with the present situation.4. Be sure to protect the environment and think of others when travelling.5. We hold the same view that everyone, whether gifted or not, is a successful person as long as he or she makes certain contributions to the society.普陀区1. The completion of the tunnels under the Huangpu River has greatly promoted the development of Pudong.2. In western countries, it is quite common for a person to consult a psychologist if he has some psychological problems.3. It’s kind of responsible tourism which seriously takes ecology and culture into consideration.4. All the students present wish that the speaker would confine himself to the subject.5. He is superior to any member in the company in computer technology.长宁区1. It is your effort not your intelligence that determines your success.2. It’s bad manners to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed.3. Dim light and soft music are supposed to produce a romantic atmosphere.4. Hearing the news that his favorite team won the match, he was too excited to fall asleep last night.5. Even if peace came to Korean Peninsula, many problems would remain to be solved.闵行区1. Wish you success in the interview.2. The poem is too abstract for me to fully understand.3. To keep us in good health, we should set aside some time to exercise ourselves every day.4. You won’t be able to know the joy the game brings about unless you participate in it yourself.5. The sense of fire protection should not be neglected, or great damage might be caused to the lives and property.虹口区1. It is pleasant having a hot drink on a cold winter day.2. All the senior three students are required to have a physical examination before they take the entrance examinations.3. These colorful fruit bowls caught my eye at that time, reminding me of the happy childhood.4. In some cases, what matters is not the result but whether you have enjoyed the process.5. Now that the tickets for economy class are popular, we should call the ticket office to inquire as soon as possible, so that we won’t miss the golden chance.卢湾区1. Professor Wang mentioned his new argument in the article.2. You may consult these experts if you have some problems.3. That old lady cannot put up with the noises from the construction field and called the police.4. He failed to resist the temptation of the delicious food in the reception and ate a lot.5. Those women pointed out that they were not servants of the family and they should have moretime to enjoy the life.徐汇（松江）区1. The students take an active part in physical exercise.2. Confidence and patience are considered the key to success.3. There are many simple and effective ways to assess a person’s knowledge and ability.4. The disabled people’s performance last night was so successful that many people were moved to tears.5. He was busy reviewing his lessons and preparing for the exam the whole weekend, only takinga break at meal time.嘉定区1. Regardless of its price, she is going to buy the beautiful dress.2. Do those paintings exhibited in the gallery last week appeal to you?3. Lack of communication between parents and children has become a social problem.4. Shanghai successfully hosted the World Expo, which makes a great difference for the economic development in Shanghai.5. The survey conducted recently in our school indicates that the majority of the students have participated in the discussion on the Internet about what has happened in the school.静安区1. Now everyone has access to education.2. Many international soccer competitions occur around the world every year.3. Tom can’t communicate well with others because he always lacks eye contact.4. To help prevent the visitors' safety, visitors are not allowed to be admitted to the park after nine.5. Though he is equal to me in skill and experience, either of us is likely to win the championship.杨浦区1. Reading electronic books is becoming a new trend for young people.2. The high speed line between Hangzhou and Shanghai cut travel time to one hour.3. After a month’s redecoration, the China Pavilion reopened to the public.4. To the students' delight, they can also have access to the school library during the vacation.5. Internet plays such an impor tant role in our daily life that people feel at a loss when they can’t surf the Internet.黄浦区1. How about having another cup of coffee?2. If it is convenient, please show me around the museum at the weekend.3. The wife spent 2000 yuan buying the bag, w hile the husband thought it wasn’t worth the price.4. Whatever difficulties you may meet with, keep working until you realize your dream.5. To my surprise, the little boy was so clever that he worked out the problem that many adults failed to answer in such a short time.宝山区1. I’m sorry I’m unable to attend the meeting today.2. Don’t worry. I’ll be sending the material you require by e-mail.3. Different kinds of media make it possible that we obtain a large amount of valuable information in time.4. Sh are your progress, challenges, failure with the people around you, and you’ll find help from them.5. With the rapid development of society, a growing number of people are eager to show themselves to the public, which has resulted in various amusements.浦东新区1. Language learners should take every chance to use the language.2. Students should be encouraged to get into the good habit of thinking independently.3. Before setting out on a journey, make sure that you have got everything ready.4. Although two-thirds of the earth’s surface is covered with water, many places around the world still seriously lack water.5. However demanding and challenging the task is, she firmly believes that as long as she keeps on trying hard, she is sure to fulfill it.金山区1. He has adopted my suggestions.2. I appreciated what she had done for me.3. Despite difficulties, we will try hard to complete the task.4. This song often reminds me of the time that we spent together in the middle school.5. To meet the needs of the 2010 Shanghai Expo, a lot of modern hotels and exhibition halls have been set up in Shanghai.闸北区1. Many students like playing basketball indoors in winter.2. Children should be encouraged to play a main role in class activities.3. However cold it was, he insisted on going to school on foot despite parents' objection.4. To meet residents' need, the school is accessible to the public at weekends.5. It is no longer a dream to live comfortably without stepping out of the room with a variety of modern purchase methods.青浦区1. He is reluctant to set aside some money.2. Many experts appealed to people to protect the old buildings well.3. As the singer had no idea how to sing the new song well, she decided to consult Steven.4. Whether you are for or against the plan, you have to vote by 12 tomorrow noon.5. It is more likely that those who are well-educated will understand the fact that donating blood requires only a little courage.崇明县1. The book on computer is worth reading.2. We’d appreciate it very much if you’d help us solve the problem.3. Despite many difficulties, his rich working experience qualified him for the job.4. There is no doubt that only those who face up to challenges are likely to succeed.5. Great changes have taken place in Chongming since the Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge was opened to traffic, and Chongming is no longer what it used to be.。
2011年上海高考英语卷道客巴巴详尽解析
2011年上海高考英语卷道客巴巴详尽解析Title: In-depth Analysis of the 2011 Shanghai College Entrance Examination English PaperIntroductionThe college entrance examination, commonly known as the Gaokao, is a critical milestone for Chinese high school students. In 2011, the English paper of the Shanghai Gaokao was particularly challenging and required a comprehensive understanding of the language. In this article, we will delve into a detailed analysis of the 2011 Shanghai Gaokao English paper published by Daoke Baba, a popular educational platform in China.Listening SectionThe listening section of the 2011 Shanghai Gaokao English paper contained a total of 50 questions, testing students' ability to comprehend spoken English in various contexts. Questions ranged from multiple-choice to fill-in-the-blank, requiring students to listen attentively and decipher key information. Topics covered in the listening section included everyday conversations, academic lectures, and news broadcasts. Thissection aimed to evaluate students' listening skills and assess their ability to extract relevant information from spoken English.Reading SectionThe reading section of the 2011 Shanghai Gaokao English paper comprised five passages with accompanying questions. Passages varied in length and complexity, ranging from narrative texts to scientific articles. Questions tested students' comprehension, inference, and critical thinking skills. In addition to testing reading abilities, this section also assessed students' vocabulary and grammatical knowledge. The reading section aimed to evaluate students' ability to understand written English and extract key information from various types of texts.Writing SectionThe writing section of the 2011 Shanghai Gaokao English paper required students to compose an essay on a given topic. Topics ranged from personal experiences to social issues, challenging students to articulate their thoughts and opinions coherently. Students were expected to demonstrate their proficiency in grammar, vocabulary, and organization in their essays. The writing section aimed to evaluate students' ability to communicate effectively in written English and showcase their language skills.Overall ImpressionThe 2011 Shanghai Gaokao English paper presented a comprehensive assessment of students' English language proficiency. From the listening section to the writing section, the paper tested various aspects of students' language skills, including listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The paper was designed to evaluate students' ability to understand and communicate in English effectively. Overall, the 2011 Shanghai Gaokao English paper was challenging yet rewarding, providing students with an opportunity to showcase their language abilities and demonstrate their readiness for higher education.ConclusionIn conclusion, the 2011 Shanghai Gaokao English paper was a rigorous assessment of students' English language proficiency. The paper tested a wide range of language skills, including listening, reading, writing, and speaking, and aimed to evaluate students' ability to understand and communicate in English effectively. By analyzing the listening, reading, and writing sections of the paper, we can gain a better understanding of the skills and knowledge required to succeed in the Gaokao. Overall, the 2011 Shanghai Gaokao English paper provided students witha valuable opportunity to demonstrate their language abilities and showcase their readiness for higher education.。
2002年—2011年上海高考英语翻译题（附答案）
2002年—2011年上海高考英语翻译题（附答案）2002年上海高考英语翻译题TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。
(choice)At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist (for help).At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the traveller (for help).2. 我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。
(occur)It never occurred to me that Tom would be elected chairman of the Student’s Union.It didn’t occur to me that Tom would be elected chairman of the Student’s Union.It never occurred to me that Tom should be elected chairman of the Student’s Union.It didn’t occur to me that Tom should be elected chairman of the Student’s Union.It never occurred to me that Tom would be made chairman of the Student’s Union.It didn’t occur to me that T om would be made chairman of the Student’s Union.It never occurred to me that Tom should be made chairman of the Student’s Union.It didn’t occur to me that T om should be made chairman ofthe Student’s Union.3. 如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。
【英语】2011年高考试题——(上海卷)含答案
2011年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷(105分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A;you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversatio n and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a train station. B. At an airport.C. At a travel agency.D. At a bus station.2. A. $5. B. $10.C. $15.D. $50.3. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Salesperson and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner.4. A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied.C. Bored.D. Exhausted.5. A. Her hair has changed. B. She isn’t satisfied with her hair style.C. She prefers to wear long hair.D. The man has changed his hair style.6. A. It is too early to watch the Talent Show. B. He will go to bed in five minutes.C. He would rather watch TV than go to bed.D. He is old enough to stay up.7. A. She has got everything ready. B. She never hesitates over what to take.C. She hates packing by herself.D. She needs more time for packing.8. A. They should wait for John for a while. B. They should stay here for the night.C. They should start the meeting right away.D. They should call John at once.9. A. She is unwilling to move into a new flat. B. Her neighbors get along well with her.C. She can’t tell the man why she is moving.D. Her neighbors usually play their TV loud.10. A. Ask for directions. B. Try a different route.C. Go back for the map.D. Cancel their trip.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the blest answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A political system. B. Religion.C. Working language.D. Race.12. A. Discuss current issues. B. Join in a writing competition.C. Attend an arts and crafts competition.D. Celebrate their friendship.13. A. The Commonwealth Games. B. An important holiday.C. The Commonwealth members.D. An international association.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Equipping students with knowledge. B. Qualifying students for certain jobs.C. Developing students’ habits of mind.D. Helping students to go to graduateschool.15. A. The ability to have critical analysis. B. Creative use of leisure time.来C. Logical use of information.D. Willingness to accept uncertainty.16. A. Goals to reach in a college education. B. Roles of knowledge in students’ growth.C. Qualifications needed for a job.D. Importance of after-class activities.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be readtwice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with theinformation you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complaint FormCaller: Mary WhitePhone No.: 17 .Location of Problem: A 18 restaurant , 449 Shanghai StreetDetails: It dumps its 19 on the street.It doesn’t put bottles and cans in 20 bins.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.How long does short memory last? It lasts only 21 .What is an example of medium term memory? Buying bread, a sort of 22 of things to do.What is long term memory concerned with? 23 that happen in your life such asyour wedding.How is long term memory different from theothers?It 24 .II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.A. throughB. upC. withD. from26.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ______.A. the otherB. otherC. the othersD. another27.It’s no use ______ without taking action.A. complainB. complainingC. being complainedD. to be complained28.I ______ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.t B. mustn’ｔ C. daren’ｔ D. needn’ｔA. can’29.When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they hadmanaged with ______ money.A. so fewB. such fewC. so littleD. such littleyour party, ______?30.It doesn’t matter if they want to come toA. doesn’t itB. does itC. don’t theyD. do they31.After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ______ four days later.A. rescuedB. was rescuedC. has rescuedD. had been rescued32.The rare fish, ______ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved33.At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ______ thathe could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized34.Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?A. would signB. signedC. have signedD. had signed35.There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that36.If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ______out on DVD.A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until37.The police officers in our city work hard ______ the rest of us can live a safe life.A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD. only if38.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ______others actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what39.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. asbut we seem ______ the art of40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… communicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lostSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. launchedB. unpleasantC. applyingD. technicallyE. impactF. coatingG. fixedH. miraculouslyI. superiorJ. advancesHow would you like to wear the same underwear (内衣裤) for weeks? Owing to the workthat has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as 41 as it sounds.Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 42resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditionalmaterials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientistsdevelop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers whileremaining almost 43clean. By observing nature, scientists are 44 the qualities of the lotus leaves to thematerials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been45 . Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special 46 onthese windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to beeasily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been 47 to somecars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use theirwindshield wipers (雨刮器).Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic 48will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly,technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger 49 on our lives.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank w ith the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住)customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten.Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In theexcitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering theproduct, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring sideof business—52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business hugeamounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising.What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they havelost.。
2011年上海高考英语真题
2011年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷(105分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A;you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversatio n and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a train station. B. At an airport.C. At a travel agency.D. At a bus station.2. A. $5. B. $10.C. $15.D. $50.3. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Salesperson and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner.4. A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied.C. Bo red.D. Exhausted.5. A. Her hair has changed. B. She isn’t satisfied with her hair style.C. She prefers to wear long hair.D. The man has changed his hair style.6. A. It is too early to watch the Talent Show. B. He will go to bed in five minutes.C. He would rather watch TV than go to bed.D. He is old enough to stay up.7. A. She has got everything ready. B. She never hesitates over what to take.C. She hates packing by herself.D. She needs more time for packing.8. A. They should wait for John for a while. B. They should stay here for the night.C. They should start the meeting right away.D. They should call John at once.9. A. She is unwilling to move into a new flat. B. Her neighbors get along well with her.C. She can’t tell the man why she is moving.D. Her neighbors usually play their TV loud.10.A. Ask for directions. B. Try a different route.C. Go back for the map.D. Cancel their trip.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the blest answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. A political system. B. Religion.C. Working language.D. Race.12.A. Discuss current issues. B. Join in a writing competition.C. Attend an arts and crafts competition.D. Celebrate their friendship.13.A. The Commonwealth Games. B. An important holiday.C. The Commonwealth members.D. An international association. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14.A. Equipping students with knowledge. B. Qualifying students for certain jobs.C. Developing students’ habits of mind.D. Helping students to go to graduate school.15.A. The ability to have critical analysis. B. Creative use of leisure time.[来源学科网ZXXK]C. Logical use of information.D. Willingness to accept uncertainty.16.A. Goals to reach in a college education. B. Roles of knowledge in students’ growth.C. Qualifications needed for a job.D. Importance of after-class activities. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complaint FormCaller: Mary WhitePhone No.: 17 .Location of Problem: A 18 restaurant , 449 Shanghai StreetDetails: It dumps its 19 on the street.It doesn’t put bottles and cans in 20 bins.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.How long does short memory last? It lasts only 21 .What is an example of medium term memory? Buying bread, a sort of 22 of thingsto do.What is long term memory concerned with? 23 that happen in your life such asyour wedding.It 24 .How is long term memory different from theothers?II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.A. throughB. upC. withD. from26.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ______.A. the otherB. otherC. the othersD. another27.It’s no use ______ without taking action.A. complainB. complainingC. being complainedD. to becomplained28.I ______ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.A. ca n’tB. mustn’tC. daren’tD. needn’t29.When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they hadmanaged with ______ money.A. so fewB. such fewC. so littleD. such little30.It doesn’t matter if they want to come t o your party, ______?A. doesn’t itB. does itC. don’t theyD. do they31.After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ______ four days later.A. rescuedB. was rescuedC. has rescuedD. had been rescued32.The rare fish, ______ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved33.At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ______ thathe could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized34.Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?A. would signB. signedC. have signedD. had signed35.There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that36.If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ______ it comesout on DVD.A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until37.The police officers in our city work hard ______ the rest of us can live a safe life.A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD. only if38.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ______ othersactually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what39.You’ll fin d taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ the art ofcommunicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lostSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. launchedB. unpleasantC. applyingD. technicallyE. impactF. coatingG. fixedH. miraculouslyI. superiorJ. advancesHow would you like to wear the same underwear (内衣裤) for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as 41 as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 42 resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost 43clean. By observing nature, scientists are 44 the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been 45 . Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special 46 on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been 47 to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic 48 will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger 49 on our lives.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank w ith the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice m ost companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggeststhat there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50.A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all51.A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52.A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53.A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54.A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55.A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical56.A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. differe nce57.A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58.A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary59.A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable60.A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest61.A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting62.A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected63.A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounce d it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre not just children’s theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cov er teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was mypassport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil w ho has crossed her path.65. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?A. She lent her some serious classics.B. She cultivated her taste for music.C. She discovered her talent for dancing.D. She introduced her to adult plays.66. What does Archy and Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A. A book of great fun.B. A writer of high fame.C. A serious masterpiece.D. A heartbreaking play.67. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ______.[来源学&科&网Z&X&X&K]A. develop her capabilities for writingB. give her a chance to collect materialC. involve her in teenage social activitiesD. offer her a series of writing jobs68. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who ______.A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils.D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learningB Humpback whalesHumpback whales are sometimes called performersof the ocean. This is because they can make impressivemovements when they dive. The name “humpback”,which is the common name for this whale, refers to thetypical curve shape the whale’s back forms as it dives.[来源:] Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement, known as a breach . During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height Quick Facts [来源:Z §xx §] Size: 14m~18m in length 30~50 tons in weight Living Open ocean and shallow coastline waters Environment: From warm tropical (热带的) waters, where theybreed, to cold polarwaters, where they eat.Diet: Shellfish, plants and fishof small sizeHunting: Sometimes in groups, inof the breach.A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same.Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.[来源:Z。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(上海卷)(精校版含答案)-推荐下载
2011年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷 (105分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A;you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversatio n and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a train station. B. At an airport.C. At a travel agency.D. At a bus station.2. A. $5. B. $10.C. $15.D. $50.3. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Salesperson and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner.4. A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied.C. Bo red.D. Exhausted.5. A. Her hair has changed. B. She isn’t satisfied with herhair style.C. She prefers to wear long hair.D. The man has changed his hair style.6. A. It is too early to watch the Talent Show. B. He will go to bed in fiveminutes.C. He would rather watch TV than go to bed.D. He is old enough to stay up.7. A. She has got everything ready. B. She never hesitates over whatto take.C. She hates packing by herself.D. She needs more time for packing.8. A. They should wait for John for a while. B. They should stay here forthe night.C. They should start the meeting right away.D. They should call John at once.9. A. She is unwilling to move into a new flat. B. Her neighbors get alongwell with her.C. She can’t tell the man why she is moving.D. Her neighbors usually play their TV loud.10.A. Ask for directions. B. Try a different route.C. Go back for the map.D. Cancel their trip.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, butthe questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the blest answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. A political system. B. Religion.C. Working language.D. Race.12.A. Discuss current issues. B. Join in a writing competition.C. Attend an arts and crafts competition.D. Celebrate their friendship.13.A. The Commonwealth Games. B. An important holiday.C. The Commonwealth members.D. An international association. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14.A. Equipping students with knowledge. B. Qualifying students forcertain jobs.C. Developing students’ habits of mind.D. Helping students to go to graduate school.15.A. The ability to have critical analysis. B. Creative use ofleisure time.C. Logical use of information.D. Willingness to accept uncertainty.16.A. Goals to reach in a college education. B. Roles of knowledge instudents’ growth.C. Qualifications needed for a job.D. Importance of after-class activities.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complaint FormCaller: Mary WhitePhone No.: 17 .Location of Problem: A 18 restaurant , 449 Shanghai StreetDetails: It dumps its 19 on the street.It doesn’t put bottles and cans in 20 bins. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.How long does short memory last?It lasts only 21 .What is an example of medium term memory?Buying bread, a sort of 22 of things to do.What is long term memory concerned with? 23 that happen in your life such as your wedding.How is long term memory differentIt 24 .from the others?II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the toughyears.A. throughB. upC. withD. from26.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ______.A. the otherB. otherC. the othersD. another27.It’s no use ______ without taking action.A. complainB. complainingC. being complainedD. to be complained28.I ______ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. daren’tD. needn’t29.When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered howthey had managed with ______ money.A. so fewB. such fewC. so littleD. such little30.It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, ______?A. doesn’t itB. does itC. don’t theyD.do they31.After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ______ four dayslater.A. rescuedB. was rescuedC. has rescuedD. had been rescued32.The rare fish, ______ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD.having saved33.At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind,______ that he could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized34.Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?A. would signB. signedC. have signedD. had signed35.There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpretis bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that36.If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, orI’ll wait ______ it comes out on DVD.A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until37.The police officers in our city work hard ______ the rest of us can live asafe life.A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD.only if38.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of______ others actually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what39.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reachyour host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ theart of communicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD.having lostSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Eachword can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. launchedB. unpleasantC. applyingD. technicallyE. impactF. coatingG. fixedH. miraculouslyI. superiorJ. advancesHow would you like to wear the same underwear (内衣裤) for weeks? Owing tothe work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as41 as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 42 resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how naturehelps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known asthe “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, whichare famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost 43clean. By observing nature, scientists are 44 the qualities of the lotusleaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkablenew products have been 45 . Among them are special windows that are resistantto dirt and water. A special 46 on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by therain. In fact, these new windows have already been 47 to some cars. Evenwhen traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic 48 will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change ourworld completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and itwill have an even bigger 49 on our lives.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank w ith the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , wordsof wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50.A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D.first of all51.A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52.A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53.A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54.A. markets B. tastes C. prices D.expenses55.A. culture B. social C. financial D.economical56.A. promise B. plan C. mistake D.differe nce57.A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D.budget58.A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on thecontrary59.A. huge B. potential C. extra D.reasonable60.A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D.interest61.A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D.attracting62.A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D.Unexpected63.A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D.convenientSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre not just children’s theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I wasfourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil w ho has crossed her path.65.Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhoodand youth?A. She lent her some serious classics.B. She cultivated her taste for music.C. She discovered her talent for dancing.D. She introduced her to adult plays.66.What does Archy and Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A. A book of great fun.B. A writer of high fame.C. A serious masterpiece.D. A heartbreaking play.67.Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ______.A. develop her capabilities for writingB. give her a chance to collect materialC. involve her in teenage social activitiesD. offer her a series of writing jobs68.We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who ______.A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils.D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learningBHumpback whales Quick Facts [Size:14m~18m in length 30~50 tons in weight Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when theydive. The name “humpback”, which is thecommon name for this whale, refers to the LivingOpen ocean andshallow coastline waters Environment:From warm tropical (热带的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat.Diet:Shellfish, plants and fish of small size Hunting:Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.typical curve shape the whale’s back formsas it dives.Sometimes the humpback will dive with afantastic movement, known as a breach .During breaching the whale uses its powerfultail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of itsbody out of the water in a giant leap. Abreach might also include a sideways twistwith fins stretched out like wings, as thewhale reaches the height of the breach.A humpback whale breathes air at thesurface of the water through two blowholeswhich are located near the top of the head.It blows a double stream of water that canrise up to 4 meters above the water.The humpback has a small dorsal finlocated towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Otherdistinguishing features include largepectoral fins, which may be up to a third ofthe body length, and unique black and whitespots on the underside of the tail flukes.These markings are like fingerprints: no twoare the same.Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicate with each other throughcomplex “songs”.Current state:endangered; it is estimated that there are about5000~7000 humpbackwhales worldwide.69.According to Quick Facts , a humpback whale ______.A. cannot survive in waters near the shoreB. doesn’t live in the same waters all the timeC. lives mainly on underwater plantsD. prefers to work alone when hunting food70.To make a breach , a humpback whale must ______.A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the waterB. twist its body sideways to jump high.C. blow two streams of waterD. communicate with a group of humpbacks.71.From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale ______.A. has its unique markings on it tail flukesB. has black and white fingerprintsC. gets its name from the way it huntsD. is a great performer due to its songsCHuman remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists(考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventuallly the bones will have to be returned to the ground. The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two ye ars ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.72.According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because______.A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC. it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains73.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.74.What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.75.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn.Se ction CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Manufacturing industry in information economyB. News in the age of informationC. Argument about individual accounts and theirreliabilityD. Be your own investigative journalistE. Don’t believe everything you read in thenewspapers.F. Information is presented in an entertainingway.76.______With the arrival of the age of “information economy”, intellectual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than manufacturing. Organizations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their inf ormation. So people of the Public Relations are hired to speak for them. A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists. In the information age, journalists spend their time, not investigating, but passing on the words of a spokesperson.77.______There is a joke in the novel Scoop about the newspaper’s owner, Lord Copper. The editors can never disagree with him. When he’s right about something they answer “definitely”, and when he’s wrong they say “to some extent, Lord Copper.” It seems reasonable to suppose that, in the real world, the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.78.______In countries where the news is not officially controlled, it may be provided by commercial organizations who depend on advertising. The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings. I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show. In Britain, wehave the tabloid newspapers which millions of people read simply for entertainment. There is progressively less room for historical background, or statistics, which are harder to present as a sensational story.79.______There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want. People around the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms. But what it will mean also is that we’ll be subjected to a still greater amount of nonsense and lies. Any web log may contain the latest information of the year, or equally, a made-up story that you will never be able to check.80.______Maybe the time has come to do something about it, and I don’t just mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper. In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version, you only have two choices: switch off altogether or start looking for sources you can trust. The investigative journalist of the future is everyone who wants to know the truth.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that thecoffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)81.What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?82.What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a largeorganization?83.After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation___________________________.84.From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is____________________________________ that make(s) an organization more successful.第Ⅱ卷 (共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.你为什么不在网上订票? (Why)2.我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。
上海市普陀区2011届高三一模英语试题
2010届上海市普陀区高三年级一模英语卷（2010-1-12）第Ⅰ卷（共105分）I．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A; you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a hotel. B. At a dinner table. C. In the street. D. At the man’s house.2. A. France. B. Britain. C. Germany. D. Spain.3. A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A reporter. D. A student.4. A. Librarian and students. B. Operator and caller.C. Boss and secretary.D. Customer and repairman.5. A. Five lessons. B. Three lessons. C. Twelve lessons. D. Fifteen lessons.6. A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before.C. The man doesn’t like Austin.D. The man has been to Austin before.7. A. Find a larger room. B. Sell the old table.C. Buy two bookshelves.D. Rearrange some furniture.8. A. The choice of courses. B. A day course.C. An evening course.D. Their work.9. A. It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.B. It was not as easy as she had expected.C. It was as difficult as she had expected.D. It was interesting and easy to follow.10. A. She felt it was tiring. B. She felt it was very nice.C. She felt it took less time.D. She thought it was expensive.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper decide which one would be the blest answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Synthetic fuel. B. Solar energy. C. Alcohol. D. Electricity.12. A. Air traffic conditions. B. Traffic jams on highways.C. Road conditions.D. New traffic rules.13. A. Go through a health check. B. Take little luggage with them.C. Arrive early for boarding.D. Undergo(进行) security checks. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Industry. B. Agriculture. C. Public health. D. Environment.15. A. Three thousand million dollars. B. Three hundred million dollars.C. Thirty-two thousand million dollars.D. Twenty-three thousand million dollars.16. A. Production problems.B. Failure to use the right chemicals.C. the active chemicals are stronger than permitted by government.D. Both A and B.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. I called Alice many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother _____ on the phone all the time!A. was talkingB. has been talkingC. has talkedD. talked26. We went right round to the west coast by _____ sea instead of driving across _____ continent.A. the; theB. /; theC. the; /D. /; /27. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone.A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. having promotedD. to be promoted28. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment.A. waitB. to be waitingC. waitedD. waiting29. The day we had been looking forward to _____ at last.A. comeB. cameC. comingD. be coming30. Was it in 1969 _____ the American astronaut succeeded _____ landing on the moon?A. when; onB. that; onC. that; inD. then; in31. Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and _____ before you leave.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing32. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _____ of the parents spoke the language.A. noneB. neitherC. bothD. each33. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that34. The manager as well as the staff _____ chatting cheerfully during the tea break when the boss came in.A. wereB. have beenC. wasD. has been35. The companies are working together to create _____ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who36. –What is it that made Obama happy?--_____ the US President.A. To electB. ElectingC. Being electedD. Having elected37. _____ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.A. IfB. WhileC. BecauseD. As38. –Never before _____ so popular with the young people in China.--Y es. That’s because they are considered to be very useful as well as look fashionable.A. have mobile phones beenB. mobile phones have beenC. had mobile phones beenD. mobile phones had been39. _____ from being killed, the deer looked for a place where he could get food.A. To escapeB. EscapingC. Having escapedD. To have escaped40. After a thorough investigation, the policeman declared that the blow on the victim’s head _____ from behind.A. should have been madeB. must have been madeC. would have been madeD. ought to have been madeSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlyTwo-thirds of U.S. consumers have yet to finish their holiday shopping, and 41 percent expect to finish at least a week prior to Christmas, according to a new survey.One-fourth of __41__ will be shopping the week leading into Christmas, __42__ Christmas Eve, according to the first annual American Express Spending and Saving Tracker research report."Actually, we found in this holiday season there is this game of watching and waiting ... that deals will get sweeter as the clock winds down," said Mona Hamouly, a spokeswoman for the report.Some 62 percent of consumers are waiting until the last minute to shop for the holiday. Thirty-one percent are waiting for the best deals before finishing their shopping, while about 20 percent plan to do so at the last minute because they are still saving or are busy, and one in 10 say they are waiting for that last pay __43__ before the holidays.Hamouly said consumers seem to be "managing their cash flow and seeking out those great deals" this year.Over the next 30 days, 65 percent of people expect to spend the same or more than they spent in the past 30 days and one-third __44__ to spend less, according to the survey prepared for American Express.Hamouly said the weak economy was a large factor in consumers' __45__ toward shopping, with many feeling cash-strapped.In addition to a __46__ sample of consumers, the survey targeted two sub-groups -- those designated as "affluents" and "young professionals."Affluents were __47__ as having a minimum __48__ household income of $100,000, while young professionals were those who were less than 30 years old, had a college degree and a minimum annual household income of $50,000.During the next 30 days, among consumers who expect to spend more, 56 percent say they will be spending the most on holiday gifts.More than 40 percent expect to spend less in the next month because they are trying to save money, the prices of goods have increased, or they want to maintain a __49__. One-third cite the need to reduce their debt."Even for the affluent population, they want to get the best deals too," Hamouly said.The two top items consumers will be buying over the next 30 days are groceries and holiday gifts.III．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that fits the context.The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.The problem we faced with is that our resources, here identified as money are __50__. The only way we can solve the problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of __51__ and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and __52__ we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics---deciding how to allocate(分配) our limited resources to provide __53__ with greatest satisfaction of our wants.Nations face the same problem. As a country's population __54__, the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there are __55__ enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living room, in the conference room of the corporation __56__ of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem stillexists. We need to find __57__ of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.A short time ago, economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in __58__ abundance(丰富) that economists had no concern for them. After all, economics is the __59__ of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are __60__ very expensive to use. Population has made clean air and water expensive for producers extra cost, and __61__ taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment.In the 1990s, almost all goods are __62__. Only by effort and money __63__ obtained in the from people wish.Meeting needs of people and the demands from resource available __64__ the basic activity of production. In trying to meet unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.50. A. limited B. unlimited C. scarcity D. abundant51. A. want B. problem C. wants D. resources52. A. those B. some C. others D. many53. A. them B. themselves C. ourselves D. ours54. A. expand B. extends C. grows D. increase55. A. always B. sometimes C. often D. never56. A. management B. function C. board D. group57. A. people B. economists C. way D. methods58. A. so B. great C. such D. such an59. A. form B. study C. means D. source60. A. possibly B. in practice C. in fact D. practically61. A. from B. at C. for D. with62. A. plentiful B. scarce C. abundant D. in full supply63. A. they can be B. can they be C. they must be D. must they be64. A. are led to B. leading to C. lead to D. leads toSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes---khaki pants and sports shirt---to the office. He hardly ever wears necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday (but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday.” “What started out as anextra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing,” said business consultant Maisly Jones.Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productive. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”65. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict” because_______.A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirtB. he couldn’t stand a clean appearanceC. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the timeD. he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes66. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because________A. they make him feel at ease when workingB. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothesC. he looks handsome in casual clothesD. he no longer works for any company67. According to this passage, which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.B. Comfortable clothes make employees more productiveC. A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employeesD. All the employers in the U.S are for casual office wear.68. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned EXCEPT_______.A. saving employees’ moneyB. making employees more attractiveC. improving employees’ motivationD. making employees happier(B)How to protect children Web fans from unsuitable material on-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the U.S.For some parents, the Internet can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children. But jungles contain wonders as well as dangers and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions(预防措施), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated(航行). Kids have to be on-line. If we tell our kids they cant have access to the Internet, were cutting them off from their future, said an expert.Most kids have started to use search engines. Many of them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go. There are search engines designed just for kids. A certain software contains only sites that havebeen selected as safe. The most popular way to limit access would be to use what is known as a content screener(过滤器). But this can’t be wholly reliable, and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet. Another way is that mum or dad is nearby when the child is surfing(浏览) the Internet.A few other tips●Don’t put the PC in a child’s room but keep it in an area where mum or dad can keep an eye on things. That also makes the Internet more of a family activity.●Ask your child what he or she has been doing and about any friends they make on-line.●Tell your child not to give on-line strangers personal information, especially like address and phone number.●And tell your children never to talk to anyone they meet on-line over the phone, send them anything, accept anything from them or agree to meet with them unless you go along.69. The best way to protect children from improper material is _______.A. to install(安装) a content screener on the computerB. to buy some search engines for the childrenC. to be nearby when they are surfing the InternetD. to talk to the children and persuade them to tell right from wrong70. Which of the following is right according to the passage?A. Surfing the Internet is the best method of educating children.B. Children’s not having access to Internet may have effect on their progress.C. Using a content screener is most reliable for keeping children having access to Internet.D. Searching engines can help children to select materials fit for them.71. According to the passage, we can infer that _______.A. soft wares fit for children want programmingB. a child who is on-line is in dangerC. Internet is a jungle full of dangerD. Internet contains a lot of harmful sites(C)LONDON—Life for Cathy Hagner and her three children is set to permanent(永久的) fast-forward.Their full school day and her job as a lawyer's assistant are busy enough. But Hagner also has to take the two boys to soccer or hockey or basketball while dropping off her daughter at piano lessons or Girl Scout Club.Often, the exhausted family doesn't get home until 7 pm. There is just time for a quick supper before homework. In today's world, middle-class American and British parents treat their children as if they are competitors racing for some finishing line.Parents take their children from activity to activity in order to make their future bright. It seems that raising a genius has become a more important goal than raising a happy and well-balanced child."Doctors across the country are reporting a growing number of children suffering from stomachaches and headaches due to exhaustion and stress," says child expert William Doherty of the University of Minnesota.Teachers are dealing with exhausted kids in the classroom. It's a very serious problem. Many children attend after-school clubs by necessity. But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities. They include sports, language, music and math classes for children as young as four."There is a new parenting trend under way which says that you have to tap all your child's potential at a young age; otherwise you will let him down,” says Terry Alter, a Cambridge-based child and adolescent psychiatrist （青少年精神病专家）"It isn't entirely new: there have always been pushy parents. But what was previously seen as strange behaviour is now well accepted."72. From the second paragraph of this passage we can find that ______.A. Hagner wastes much time helping her children's lessonsB. Hagner doesn't spend much time on her full-time jobC. Hagner is interested in spots and musicD. Hagner busies herself by following a trend73. British parents, as the writer described in this passage, _____.A. treat their children as spots playersB. pay no attention to their children's lessonsC. bring up their children in a simple wayD. give their children little time to develop freely74. The writer's opinion about after-school clubs is that ______.A. activities in the country are too competitiveB. children should attend four clubs at a timeC. some clubs result in competitive pressuresD. clubs should have more subjects for school children75. The last paragraph tells us that in Britain ______.A. parents used to take their children to every clubB. parents used to be wise on how to raise childrenC. parents have all benefited from children's clubsD. parents have come to know the standard of education(D)Section C:Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each76. __________While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts. The key to keeping fresh cut flowers for a week or more without floral preservatives(which contain biocides that kill bacteria and fungus) is to keep the water fresh and the stems free of air pockets so they can continue to draw up water.77. __________An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.78. __________Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flow er. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.79. __________How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.80. __________Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to “drink” water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution) be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.(E)Section D（8分）Complete the following sentences using fewest words.What’s your dream vacation? Watching wildlife in Kenya? Boating down the Amazon? Sunbathing in Malaysia? New chances are opening up all the time to explore the world. So we visit travel agents, compare packages and prices, and pay our money.We know what our vacation costs us. But do we know what it might cost someone else? It’s true that many poorer countries now depend on tourism for foreign income. Unfortunately, though, tourism often harms the local people more than it helps them.It might cost their homes and lands. In Myanmar, 5,200 people were forced to leave their homes among the pagodas （佛塔）in Bagan so that tourists could visit the pagodas.Tourism might also cost the local people their livelihood and dignity. Local workers often find only menial （卑微的）jobs in the tourists industry. And most of the profits do not help the local economy. Instead, profits return to the tour operators in wealthier countries. When the Maasai people in Tanzania were driven from their lands, some moved to city slums. Others now make a little money selling souvenirs or posing for photos.Problems like these were observed more than 20 years ago. But now some non-government organizations, tour operators and local governments are working together to begin correcting them. Tourists, too, are putting on the pressure.The result is responsible tourism, or “ethical tourism. ”Ethical tourism has people at its heart. New international agreements and codes of conduct can help protect the people’s la nds, homes, economies and cultures. The beginnings are small, though, and the problems are complex.But take heart. The good news is that everyone, including us, can play a part to help the local people in the places we visit. Tour operators and companies can help by making sure that local people work in good conditions and earn reasonable wages.They can make it a point to use only locally owned hotels, restaurants and guide services. They can share profits fairly to help the local economy. And they can involve the local people in planning and managing tourism.What can tourists do? First, we can ask tour companies to provide information about the conditions of local citizens. We can then make our choices and tell them why. And while we’re abroad, we can:★Buy local foods and products, not imported ones.★Pay a fair price for goods and services and not bargain for the cheapest price.★A void flaunting wealth.★Ask before taking photographs of people.They are not just part of the landscape!Let’s enj oy our vacation and make sure others do, too.81. What’s the main idea the writer intends to tell us in this passage?_____________________________________________________________.82. Why does the author say vacations cost someone else in this passage?_____________________________________________________________.83. It can be learned from the passage that profits go back to richer countries through ____________________.84. In which aspect can they involve the local people? ____________________.第II卷（共45分）I．T ranslationDirections: T ranslate the flowing sentences into English. Y ou are required to use the word given in the bracket for each respective sentence.1.警方劝告开车的人暂时不要使用这条公路。
2011上海市虹口区高三一模英语卷
2010学年第一学期虹口区高三英语质量调研卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection A ,25. The impacts of any climatic change ___________ t he human population are astonishing.A. inB. onC. withD. by26. — I have a sore throat today!— You'd better take advantage of the tea break to go to ____________ .A. chemist'sB. the chemistC. the chemist'sD. the chemists'27. Boston, Paul and Ray were all superstars on fierce different teams. Yet, _______________ of them had anytitle to show for that.A. allB. noneC. bothD. neither28. So far, the Shanghai World Expo __________ to be a great success as people expected.A. was provedB. had provedC. has been provedD. has proved29. The teacher ______ have thought John was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him. •A. shouldB. canC. wouldD. must30. Many people consider that French is ___________ a s Russian while I think the contrary.A. as difficult a languageB. as a difficult languageC. too difficult a languageD. too a difficult language31. American people appreciate _________ beforehand when you wish to pay a visit to them.A. your callingB. you callC. you to callD. that you tall32. Hobbies mainly ________ for relaxation and enjoyment vary from person to person.A. pursuingB. pursuedC. being pursuedD. having pursued33. _______ we may face, we're supposed to work with joint efforts to fight against it.A. However a severe disasterB. What a severe disasterC. However severe a disasterD. What severe a disaster34. In yesterday's speech, it wasn't made clear ___________ the earthquake can't be predicted accurately.A. whatB. whyC. thatD. how35. inspiration from a Japanese architect, Mr. Smith used cardboard material for his tents.A. TakingB. TakenC. To takeD. To be taken36. Research shows when people are shut up together, they're in _____________ is called a stress situation.A. thatB. howC. whatD. why37. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment _______________ children are giventhe opportunity to solve the problem by reading.A. which iB. whoseC. thatD. where38. Traveling without ordering rooms in advance can eat up precious vacation time _______________ luck issmiling on you.A. unlessB. asC. ifD. when39. A high-tech park is announced __________ in this area, but I don't know when the project will be putinto practice.A. to have builtB. to have been builtC. to be builtD. to build40. The chemical process, involved in the treatment of materials for clothes, _______________ the environmentbadly in some countries, arousing much attention of them nowadays.A. damagedB. damageC. damagingD. to damage Section BEvery year, 20 million hectares of rainforest—an area the size of England, Wales and Scotland combined—are cut down, 41 millions of tons of carbon emissions into the atmosphere.Without action now, many of the world's tropical forests will be lost by this century's end. With these forests 42 . we will lose important species, natural resources and local livelihoods, as well as theopportunity to slow climate change.Tropical forests cover only 12 percent of the planet but are home to more than one-half of the l Earth's known plants and animal species. At the current rate of deforestation, tropical rainforests would virtually disappear as functioning 43 within 100 years. Deforestation would also44 __important natural resources, just like supplies of clean fresh water. In addition, the 45burning of forests can lead to severe air pollution both locally and thousands of miles away.South American forests are home to the greatest plant biodiversity in the world, and are the source of 46 pharmaceutical (药用的) parts. Up to 50 percent of pharmaceuticals on the market today have an origin in natural products, and 42 percent of the top 25 selling drugs worldwide come from natural products.Forests provide recreation for an 47 wealthy and urbanized population. For example, 3.5 million people visited Brazil's 150 conservation areas between 1991 and 1999, helping fuel a five-fold increase in 48 for the country.According to Sohngen and Bach, efforts to reduce global deforestation could 49 to an increasing gain of 76 billion tons of carbon and just over 1 billion acres in additional forests.•. -III. Reading ComprehensionSection AFor the first time in modern history, less than half of the U.S. adult population now read literature, according to a recent survey. Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America presents a detailed review of the 50 of reading's role in the nation's culture.Reading at Risk is a survey of national fashion in 51 literary reading. The data source for Reading at Risk is as reliable and 52 as any such survey can be. The key results of the survey are 53 in the "Summary", but the report can be further explained as: literary reading in America is not only declining54 among all groups, but the rate of decline has been speeded up, especially among the young. Reading at Risk merely shows a great 55 change that most Americans have already noticed—our society's great turn to electronic media for entertainment and information.Reading a book 56 a degree of active attention and devotion. Indeed, reading itself is a progressive skill that 57 years of education and practice. 58 . reading is like riding a bicycle, driving a car, or sewing. In order to get better at it, you must do it. The last twenty-five years of reading research 59 this simple law. 60 most electronic media such as television, recordings, and radio make fewer demands on their audiences, and indeed require no more than 61 participation. While oral culture has a rich reality and electronic media offer the considerableattention of variety, print culture affords irreplaceable forms of focused thought that makes various communications and views possible. The decline in reading, therefore, 62 a larger reduce from participation in public and cultural life.What is to be done? There is surely no single solution to the present problem, just as there is no single 63 . The important thing now is to understand that America can no longer take active and devoted reading for granted.Reading is a timeless, common ability. As more Americans 64 this ability, our nation will become less informed, active and independent minded. These are not the qualities that a free, inventive, or productive society can afford to lose.50.A. enhancement B. promotion C. ignorance D. decline51.A. children B. group C. adult D. audience52.A. vivid B. familiar C. objective D. instructive53.A. presented B. associated C. marked D. selected54.A. dramatically B. steadily C. limitedly D. routinely55.A. natural B. reasonable C. creative D. cultural56.A. withdraws B. requires C. benefits D. emphasises57.A. turns down B. makes up C. depends on D. leaves for58.A. By contrast . B. By the way C. In a word D. In other words59.A. challenges B. confirms C. declares D. adopts60.A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Nevertheless D. Meanwhile61.A. cooperative B. passive C. negative D. active62.A. increases B. equals C. decreases D. stirs63.A. cause B. resource C. course D. consequence64.A. develop B. keep C. acquire D. loseSection B(A)Many years ago, my dad was facing a serious heart condition. He was unable to work a steady job. He fell suddenly ill and had to be admitted to the hospital.He wanted to do something to keep himself busy, so he decided to volunteer at the local children's hospital. My dad loved kids. It was the perfect job for him. He ended up working with the seriously ill children. He would talk, play, and do arts with them.One of his kids was a girl with a rare disease that paralyzed her from the neck down. She couldn't do anything, and she was very depressed. My dad decided to try to help her. He started visiting her in her room, bringing paints, brushes and paper. He stood the paper up, put the paintbrush in his mouth and began to paint. He didn't use his hands at all. All the while he would tell her, "See, you can do anything you set your mind to."At the end of the day, she began to paint using her mouth, and she and my dad became friends. Soon after, the little girl was sent home because the doctors felt there was nothing else they could do for her. My dad also left the children's hospital for a little while because he became ill. Some time later after my dad had recovered and returned to work, in came the little girl who had been paralyzed, only this time she was walking. She ran straight over to my dad and hugged him really tight. She gave him a picture she had done using her hands. At the bottom it read: “Thank you for helping me walk.”My dad would cry every time he told us this story and so would we. He would say sometimes love is more powerful than doctors, and my dad - who died just a few months after the little girl gave him the picture - loved every single child in that hospital.65.The author's father worked at the local hospital to .-A. ease his serious heart condition B. realize his childhood dreamC. earn money to pay for treatmentD. keep himself occupied and happy66. H ow did the author's father help the paralyzed little girl?A. He showed her she could still do things.B. He painted special pictures for her.C. He helped her practise walking.D. He visited her and made a toy for her.67. According to paragraph 4, the paralyzed girl ______________________ .A. eventually became a unique painterB. gradually recovered and walkedC. was sent home and never seen againD. sent him a picture painted with her mouth68.What message does the passage mainly convey?A. It's better to give than to receive.B. Volunteering is a worthwhile thing to do.C. Love can sometimes bring great results.D. A sick person should not focus on his disease.BDESLORATADINE INSTRUCTIONSCFNFRIDESLORA TADINE (地氟雷他定<药物名称>)NAME_____________________________________________________________________________________ Desloratadine provides relief of seasonal allergy (过敏) symptoms and allergic nose USESconditions such as runny nose, sneezing, and watery eyes._____________________________________________________________________________________ Take this medication by mouth once a day or as directed by your doctor.HOW TO Do not increase your dose or take this more often than directed.USE Do not take this medication for several days before allergy testing since test results may be affected._____________________________________________________________________________________ This medication may cause throat discomfort, muscle pain, dizziness, tiredness,SIDE EFFECTS indigestion, or dry mouth. If these effects continue or worsen,contact your doctor in time. Tell your doctor immediately if this unlikely but seriousside effect occurs: rapidheartbeat. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor._____________________________________________________________________________________If you overdose, contact your local poison control center or emergency roomimmediately. US people can call the US national poison hotline at 1-800-222-1222. OVERDOSECanadian residents should call their local poison control center directly. Symptoms ofoverdose may include fast heartbeat._____________________________________________________________________________________ If you miss a dose, take it as soon as remembered.MISSED DOSE Do not take it near the time for the next dose.Instead, skip the missed dose and restart your usual dosing schedule.Do not double the dose to catch up._____________________________________________________________________________________ Store between 36-77 degrees°F (2-25 degrees°C) and away from light and dampness. STORAGE Do not store in the bathroom.Keep all medicines away from children and pets._____________________________________________________________________________________69. What is the main function of Desloratadine?A. To stop a running nose.B. To relieve the discomfort of allergy.C. To help get rid of watery eyes.D. To relieve sore throat.70. The underlined word dose most probably means ________________ ".A. the amount of medication you takeB. the time of your taking the medicationC. the results of your allergy testingD. the side effects medication causes71. For what purpose are the instructions given?A. To warn people of the possible side effects of Desloratadine.B. To show the correct way to store Desloratadine.C. To illustrate the positive effect Desloratadine has on patients.D.To ensure patients' right and safe use of Desloratadine(C)You want a smart phone, but just how smart do you want it? How about one that can read your mind? Well, that phone may well be on its way...Justin Rattner, chief researcher at Intel, says that technology has developed to the point that "context-aware computing", an idea that's been around for twenty years, is becoming more of a reality.That could lead to a phone that acts as a mind reader in your pocket. But rather than simply collect secrets about you, the device could do things with that information, such as predict what you might do next and make suggestions.Rattner gave a few examples during his speech at Inters developer conference recently.Among them, a software Intel worked on with Fodor's Travel, a traveling website. It learns whattypes of foods and places you like, based on searches you type into the phone or places you searched using GPS. The software makes similar recommendations when you visit a new city.Tech companies are already working to predict what people want Search engine Google, movie-rental service Netflix, and online radio service Pandora try to guess what people want even before they know they want it.Putting those types of functions together with the other information that phones collect about people could pave the way for even more helpful mobile phones, Rattner said.A challenge is training computers to look at data from "hard sensors (探测器)" (which measureplace, movement, temperature etc.) and combining those findings with data from "soft sensors" (such as calendar appointments and Web browsing history).For example, your phone could tell you have just left school and seem to be on your way home - a location it might know from your address book. It could then tell you the best route around traffic.“Things don't get really interesting until you mix that hard sensor data with soft sensor data," Rattner said. "It gives devices almost this sixth sense of predicting what a user will need in the future, whether that's the next few minutes or at dinner later in the day."Rattner added that researchers are even making steps toward the final goal - a computer understanding of thoughts. However, he said there will be a need for stronger privacy controls when phones and computers develop a better ability to "think for themselves".72. According to the passage, smart phones in the future will be able to ______________ .A. understand our thoughts and do what we askB. forecast our behavior and offer adviceC. collect personal information and give away secrets ....D. think logically and make decisions for us73. It can be seen from the passage that Justin Rattner _____________ .A. believes that current software can already predict our desiresB. criticized some tech companies for analyzing customer desires ;C. gave examples of new phone functions under developmentD. has shown how the new smart phones work at the conference74. What can be concluded about "think for themselves" computers?A. They are a dream that can never come true.B. Their negative effects haven't been considered yet.C. They are being used in some areas of life.D. The need to protect privacy against them should be met.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Think for Themselves: A unique device to predict your future accuratelyB. Think for Themselves: A possible approach to releasing personal informationC. Think for Themselves: A promising development of new technologyD. Think for Themselves: A perfect combination of hard sensors and soft sensorsSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for eachparagraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Continual development and motivationB. Motivational benefit from physical activityC. Motivation for problem-solving and decision-makingD. Personal motivation styles and learning motivationE. Hugely motivational effect of expressing gratitudeF. Motivational activities for team buildingMotivational Theory76. _________________________When a group of people meet for a conference, or training course, there is always a feeling of uncertainty and discomfort. Even if people know each other, they feel uncomfortable in the new strange situation, because it is different. Games and team building activities like ice-breakers,warm-ups can relax people; Teams unite and work together when they identify a commonpurpose—whether the aim is the tallest tower made out of newspapers, or a game of rounders on the park. Activities and games break down the barriers, and therefore help develop close relationships.77Everyone is different. Taking part in new games and activities outside of the work situation illustrates people's different strengths and working style preferences. Respect develops when people see skills and attributes in others that they didn't know existed. Also, people work and learn in different ways.78. ___________________________Learning and taking part in a completely new activity or game like juggling demonstrates that learning is ongoing. The lessons never finish, unless people decide to stop learning. Introducing people, staff or employees to new experiences opens their minds to new avenues of personal development, and emphasizes the opportunity for continuous learning that is available to us all.79. ___________________________ |Team building activities like juggling, construction exercises, or outdoor games, get the body moving, which is good for general health and for an energetic approach to work. A minute of juggling three balls is 200 throws, the equivalent of pumping over 20 kilos. Physical activity also provides significant stress relief, and stress management is part of every organization's duty of care towards its employees. People concentrate and work better when they have had some light exercise and physical stimulus. Physical activity energizes people and reduces stress and tension.80. ___________________________When you look someone in the eye and thank them sincerely it means a lot. In front of other people even more so. The key words are the ones which say thanks and well done for doing a great job, especially where the words recognize each person's own special ability, quality, contribution, effort, whatever. People always appreciate being valued as an individual even more. When you next have the chance to thank your team or an individual team-member, take the time to find out a special thing that each person has done and make a point of mentioning these things. Doing this, the praise tends to carry even greater meaning and motivational effect.Section DDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the i statementsin the fewest possible words.The library is one of the most popular places at a Western university. Students turn to it for research, conversations about class, and many other services.Compared with Chinese libraries, college libraries in the US and UK tend to offer more resources.A graduate student at Yale University can borrow as many as 225 books at a time.In addition to borrowing books, there are online and electronic resources. These include a database (数据库) search of popular and academic material, such as LexisNexis Academic, which offers items from newspapers and magazines.Although books and articles are the items that students ask for most frequently, some libraries provide video recordings. At some schools, teachers and tutors put electronic copies of their teaching PPTs on the library Web to give easier access for students.Another useful service in Western college libraries is the Interlibrary Loan. This allows a studentat one school to borrow books from another school. The loan request is made through the student's college library, which gets the book, gives it to the user, and arranges for its return.Technology has made libraries more attractive. Some universities have services for students to send messages through the computer.Earlier this year, Harvard University introduced a new Scan and Deliver service, allowing studentsto make requests for parts of books and articles. Requests made through the system are handled by library staff. The student receives an e-mail with an Internet link to the scanned pages. The service is free and all material comes within four days.It used to be that libraries didn't allow food or drinks. But that rule is changing and many of themnow contain a cafe so students can spend as much time as they want iirthe library.Additionally, some US university libraries are now all-night affairs, or have at least one study room open all night.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.In comparison with Chinese libraries, college libraries in the US and UK not only ______________________ .82.According to Paragraph 4 and 5, what are the two useful services for students in Western College libraries?■84. What have some US university libraries done for a change?第II卷(共45分) .I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1．在寒冷的冬日喝杯热饮真是惬意。
2011上海各区高三英语一模中译英0000000000
2011各区高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷中译英杨浦区1、阅读电子书籍渐渐成为年轻人的新时尚。
（trend）Reading electronic books is becoming a new trend for young people.2、沪杭高铁线使旅途缩短到一个小时。
（cut）The high speed line between Hangzhou and Shanghai cut travel time to one hour.3、经过一个月的重新装饰，中国馆（pavilion）再次向公众开放。
（reopen）After a month’s redecoration, the China Pavilion reopened to the public.4、令同学们高兴的是他们在假期中也能使用学校图书馆。
（access n.）To the students’ delight/ joy, they can also have access to the school library during the vacation./ What delights the students is that …5、网络在我们日常生活中起了举足轻重的作用，以至于当不能上网时人们感到无所适从。
（loss）Internet plays such an important role in our daily life that people feel at a loss when they can’t go online/ surf the Internet/ don’t have access to the Internet.奉贤区1、如今人们越来越关注食品安全。
（cencern）Nowadays people are more and more concerned about food safety.2、我认为他不会轻易改变自己想法的。
上海2011英语高考一模卷翻译答案(含重点圈划)
奉贤区 1. Nowadays people are more concerned about food safety.
2. I don’t think he will change his mind easily.
3. It’s kind of responsible tourism which seriously takes ecology and culture into consideration.
4. All the students present wish that the speaker would confine himself to the subject.
3. To keep us in good health, we should set aside (spare) some time to exercise ourselves (do exercise) every day.
4. You won’t be able to know the joy the game brings about unless you participate in it yourself.
3. 这些彩色果盘当时引起了我的注意，使我想起了快乐的童年。(remind) These colorful fruit bowls caught my eye at that time, reminding me of the happy childhood.
4. 在有些情况下，重要的不是结果，而是你是否享受了这个过程。(matter) In some cases, what matters is not the result but whether you have enjoyed the process.
2011年上海高考英语试卷
2011年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷(105分)II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.A. throughB. upC. withD. from26.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ______.A. the otherB. otherC. the othersD. another27.It’s no use ______ without taking action.A. complainB. complainingC. being complainedD. to be complained28.I ______ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. daren’tD. needn’t29.When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they hadmanaged with ______ money.A. so fewB. such fewC. so littleD. such little30.It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, ______?A. doesn’t itB. does itC. don’t theyD. do they31.After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ______ four days later.A. rescuedB. was rescuedC. has rescuedD. had been rescued32.The rare fish, ______ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved33.At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ______ thathe could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized34.Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?A. would signB. signedC. have signedD. had signed35.There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that36.If a lot of people say a film is not good, I w on’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ______ it comesout on DVD.A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until37.The police officers in our city work hard ______ the rest of us can live a safe life.A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD. only if38.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ______ othersactually understand.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what39.Y ou’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as40.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ the art ofcommunicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lostSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only bethat has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as 41 as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 42 resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost 43clean. By observing nature, scientists are 44 the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been 45 . Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special 46 on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been 47 to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic 48 will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger 49 on our lives.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank w ith the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business—52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice m ost companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50.A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all51.A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52.A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53.A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54.A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55.A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical56.A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. differe nce57.A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58.A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary59.A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable60.A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest61.A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting62.A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected63.A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounce d it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre not just children’s theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I hadbooks at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cov er teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted(多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil w ho has crossed her path.65.Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?A. She lent her some serious classics.B. She cultivated her taste for music.C. She discovered her talent for dancing.D. She introduced her to adult plays.66.What does Archy and Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A. A book of great fun.B. A writer of high fame.C. A serious masterpiece.D. A heartbreaking play.67.Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ______.A. develop her capabilities for writingB. give her a chance to collect materialC. involve her in teenage social activitiesD. offer her a series of writing jobs68.We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who ______.A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils.D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learningBHumpback whales69.According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale ______.A. cannot survive in waters near the shoreB. doesn’t live in the same waters all the timeC. lives mainly on underwater plantsD. prefers to work alone when hunting food70.To make a breach, a humpback whale must ______.A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the waterB. twist its body sideways to jump high.C. blow two streams of waterD. communicate with a group of humpbacks.71.From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale ______.A. has its unique markings on it tail flukesB. has black and white fingerprintsC. gets its name from the way it huntsD. is a great performer due to its songsCHuman remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeolog ists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.“Y our current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and o f museum practice,” they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventuallly the bones will have tobe returned to the ground.The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.72.According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because ______.A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC. it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains73.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.74.What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.75.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn.Se ction CDirections:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each76.______With the arrival of the age of “information economy”, intellectual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than manufacturing. Organizations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their information. So people of the Public Relations are hired to speak for them. A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists. In the information age, journalists spend their time, not investigating, but passing on the words of a spokesperson.77.______There is a joke in the novel Scoop about the newspaper’s owner, Lord Copper. The editors can never disagree with him. When he’s right about something they answer “definitely”, and when he’s wrong they say “to some extent, Lord Copper.” It seems reasonable to suppose that, in the real world, the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.78.______In countries where the news is not officially controlled, it may be provided by commercial organizations who depend on advertising. The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings. I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show. In Britain, we have the tabloid newspapers which millions of people read simply for entertainment. There is progressively less room for historical background, or statistics, which are harder to present as a sensational story.79.______There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want. People around the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms. But what it will mean also is that we’ll be subjected to a still greater amount of nonsense and lies. Any web log may contain the latest information of the year, or equally, a made-up story that you will never be able to check.80.______Maybe the time has come to do something about it, and I don’t just mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper. In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version, you only have two choices: switch off altogether or start looking for sources you can trust. The investigative journalist of the future is everyone who wants to know the truth.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never ofitself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)81.What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?82.What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a large organization?83.After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation___________________________.84.From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is____________________________________ that make(s) an organization more successful.参考答案25—29. ADBDC 30—34. BBACA35—40. DDCDAB41—45. BIHCA46—49. FGJE50—54. BCBDA55—59. CDCAB 60—64. BCCDB65—68. DAAB 69—71. BAA72—75. BCDD 76—80. BEFCD81. An organization of more than 200 individuals.82. Structuring smaller organizations and building direct personal relationships.83. seemed to be more difficult / less satisfying84. the close social networks / the free flow of information / the causal communication。
2011上海试卷及答案 无错误版
2011年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语(上海卷)一、阅读理解( 本大题共 5 题, 共计40 分)1、(8分)The teacher who did the most to encourage me was，as it happens，my aunt.She was Myrtle C．Manigault，the wife of my mother's brother Bill.She taught me in second grade at all-black Sumner School in Camden，New Jersey.During my childhood and youth，Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential，without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females.I liked to sing；she listened to my voice and pronounced it good.I couldn't dance；she taught me the basic dancing steps.She took me to the theatre—not just children's theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me.I had books at home，but they were all serious classics.Even as a child I had a strong liking for humour，and I'll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis's Archy & Mehitabel through her.Most important，perhaps，Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers，she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”．My column，begun when I was fourteen，was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material，the discipline of meeting deadlines，and，after graduation from college six years later，a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”．Like a diamond，she has reflected a bright，multifaceted（多面的）image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.（1）Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?A．She lent her some serious classics.B．She cultivated her taste for music.C．She discovered her talent for dancing.D．She introduced her to adult plays.（2）What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A．A book of great fun.B．A writer of high fame.C．A serious masterpiece.D．A heartbreaking play.（3）Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to______. A．develop her capabilities for writingB．give her a chance to collect materialC．involve her in teenage social activitiesD．offer her a series of writing jobs（4）We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who ______.A．trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB．gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC．emphasized what was practical or possible for pupilsD．helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning2、(6分)Humpback whalesHumpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean.This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive.The name“humpback”，which is the common name for this whale，refers to the typical curve shape the whale's back forms as it dives.Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement known as a breach.During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap.A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings，as the whale reaches the height of the breach.A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head.It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back.Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins，which may be up to a third of the body length，and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes.These markings are like fingerprints：no two are the same.Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.Quick FactsSize：14 m-18 m in length；30-50 tons in weightLivingenvironment：Open ocean and shallow coastline watersMigration：From warm tropical（热带的）waters，where they breed，to cold polar waters，where they eatDiet：Shellfish，plants and fish of small sizeHunting：Sometimes in groups，in which several whales form a circle under the water，blowing bubbles that form a “net”around a school of fish.The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.Current state：Endangered：it is estimated that there are about5000-7500 humpback whales worldwide.（1）According to Quick Facts，a humpback whale ______.A．cannot survive in waters near the shoreB．doesn't live in the same waters all the timeC．lives mainly on underwater plantsD．prefers to work alone when hunting food（2）To make a breach，a humpback whale must ______.A．use its tail flukes to leap out of the waterB．twist its body sideways to jump highC．blow two streams of waterD．communicate with a group of humpbacks（3）From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale______.A．has its unique markings on its tail flukesB．has black and white fingerprintsC．gets its name from the way it huntsD．is a great performer due to its songs3、(8分)Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain，a group of leading archaeologists（考古学家）says.In a letter addressed to the justice secretary，Ken Clarke,40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue.It centres on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years，regardless of their age.The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied，whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension，is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice，” they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites，including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC.Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time，but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk，where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago.If human remains were found at Happisburgh，they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was.Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008，guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest，while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains.The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary，but has so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson，an archaeologist at Sheffield University，said：“Arch aeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem，but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be returned，or on what records should be kept.（1）According to the passage，scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because ______.A．it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB．it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC．it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD．it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains（2）Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time. B．Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C．Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time. D．Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.（3）What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains? A．The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B．The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C．The law on human remains hasn't changed in recent decades.D．The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．New discoveries should be reburied，the government demandsB．Research time should be extended，scientists requireC．Law on human remains needs thorough discussion，authorities sayD．Law could bury ancient secrets for ever，archaeologists warn4、(10分)Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph.There is one extra heading which you do not need.A.Manufacturing industry in information economyB．News in the age of informationC．Argument about individual accounts and theirreliabilityD．Be your own investigative journalist.E．Don't believe everything you read in thenewspapers.F．Information is presented in an entertaining way.（1）With the arrival of the age of “information economy”，intellectual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than anisations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their information.So people of the Public Relations are hiredto speak for them.A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists.In the information age，journalists spend their time，not investigating，but passing on the words of a spokesperson. （2）There is a joke in the novel Scoop about the newspaper's owner，Lord Copper.The editors can never disagree with him.When he's right about something they answer “definitely”，and when he's wrong they say “to some extent，Lord Copper.”It seems reasonable to suppose that，in the real world，the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.（3）In countries where the news is not officially controlled，it may be provided by commercial organisations who depend on advertising.The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings.I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show.In Britain，we have the tabloid newspapers which millions of people read simply for entertainment.There is progressively less room for historical background，or statistics，which are harder to present as a sensational story.（4）There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want.People around the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms.But what it will mean also is that we'll be subjected to a still greater amount of nonsense and lies.Any web log may contain the latest information of the year，or equally，a made-up story that you will never be able to check.（5）Maybe the time has come to do something about it，and I don't just mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper.In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version，you only have two choices，switch off altogether or start looking for sources you can trust.The investigative journalist of the future is everyone who wants to know the truth.5、(8分)Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members.Once their size goes beyond this figure，the organisations are getting less flexible.So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.One solution to this problem would，of course，be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group.By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other，larger organisations can be built up.However，merely having groups of，say,150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organisation.Something else is needed：the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships.To allow free flow of information，they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way.Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station.Whether by chance or by design，it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station.The whole process worked very smoothly as an organisation for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation.Then，for no apparent reason，the work seemed to be more difficult to do，not to say less satisfying.It was some time before they worked out what the problem was.It turned out that，when the architects were designing the new building，they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it.And with that，they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organisation.What had apparently been happening was that，as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room，useful information was casually being exchanged.（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.）（1）What size of an organisation may lead to communication failures?_____________________________________________________________________ ___（2）What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a large organisation?_____________________________________________________________________ ___（3）After the TV station moved into new accommodation，its operation ______. （4）From the case of the TV station，we can conclude it is ______ that make（s）an organisation more successful.二、汉英翻译( 本大题共 5 题, 共计15 分)1、(3分)你为什么不在网上订票呢？（Why）_____________________________________________________________________ ___2、(3分)我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。
2011上海市虹口区高三一模英语卷附答案
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A ,Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.t he human population are astonishing.25. The impacts of any climatic change ______ A. inB. onC. withD. by26. — I have a sore throat today!_____ .— You'd better take advantage of the tea break to go to A. chemist'sB. the chemistC. the chemist'sD. the chemists'______ of them had any27. Boston, Paul and Ray were all superstars on fierce different teams. Yet, title to show for that.A. allB. noneC. bothD. neither_____ to be a great success as people expected.28. So far, the Shanghai World Expo A. was provedB. had provedC. has been proved D. has proved•____ have thought John was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him. 29. The teacher ____ A. shouldB. canC. wouldD. musta s Russian while I think the contrary.30. Many people consider that French is ______ A. as difficult a languageB. as a difficult languageC. too difficult a languageD. too a difficult language31. American people appreciate _____ beforehand when you wish to pay a visit to them.A. your callingB. you callC. you to callD. that you tall32. Hobbies mainly _____ for relaxation and enjoyment vary from person to person.A. pursuingB. pursuedC. being pursuedD. having pursued33. ______ w e may face, we're supposed to work with joint efforts to fight against it.A. However a severe disasterB. What a severe disasterC. However severe a disasterD. What severe a disasterthe earthquake can't be predicted accurately.34. In yesterday's speech, it wasn't made clear _____ A. whatB. whyC. thatD. how35. inspiration from a Japanese architect, Mr. Smith used cardboard material for his tents. A. TakingB. T akenC. T o takeD. To be takeni s called a stress situation.36. Research shows when people are shut up together, they're in ______ A. thatB. howC. whatD. why_____ children are givenchildren are given______ 37. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment the opportunity to solve the problem by reading.A. which iB. whoseC. thatD. where38. Traveling without ordering rooms in advance can eat up precious vacation time _____ luck issmiling on you.A. unlessB. asC. ifD. when39. A high-tech park is announced ______ i n this area, but I don't know when the project will be putinto practice.A. to have builtB. to have been built C. to be builtD. to build40. The chemical process, involved in the treatment of materials for clothes, ______ the environmentbadly in some countries, arousing much attention of them nowadays. A. damaged B. damage C. damaging D. to damageSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. disappearing B. massiveC. releasingD. contribute E. degradeF. eventually G ecosystems H. increasingly I. essential J. tourismEvery year, 20 million hectares of rainforest —an area the size of England, Wales and Scotland combined combined——are cut down, 41 millions of tons of carbon emissions into the atmosphere.Without action now, many of the world's tropical forests will be lost by this century's end. With these forests 42 . we will lose important species, natural resources and local livelihoods, as well as the opportunity to slow climate change.Tropical forests cover only 12 percent of the planet but are home to more than one-half of the l Earth's known plants and animal species. At the current rate of deforestation, tropical rainforests would virtually disappear as functioning 43 within 100 years. Deforestation would also 44 _ important natural resources, just like supplies of clean fresh water. In addition, the 45burning of forests can lead to severe air pollution both locally and thousands of miles away.South American forests are home to the greatest plant biodiversity in the world, and are the source source of of 46 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical ((药用的) parts. Up to 50 percent of pharmaceuticals on the market market today today today have have have an an an origin origin origin in in in natural natural natural products, products, products, and and and 42 42 42 percent percent percent of of of the the the top top top 25 25 25 selling selling selling drugs drugs worldwide come from natural products.Forests provide recreation for an 47 wealthy and urbanized population. For example, 3.5 million million people people people visited visited visited Brazil's Brazil's Brazil's 150 150 150 conservation conservation conservation areas areas areas between between between 1991 1991 1991 and and and 1999, 1999, 1999, helping helping helping fuel fuel fuel a a five-fold increase in 48 for the country.According to Sohngen and Bach, efforts to reduce global deforestation could 49 to an increasing gain of 76 billion tons of carbon and just over 1 billion acres in additional forests.•. - III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. For For the the the first first first time time time in in in modern modern modern history, history, history, less less less than than than half half half of of of the the the U.S. U.S. U.S. adult adult adult population population population now now now read read literature, according to a recent survey. Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America presents a detailed review of the 50 of reading's role in the nation's culture.Reading at Risk is a survey of national fashion in 51 literary reading. The data source for Reading at Risk is as reliable and 52 as any such survey can be. The key results of the survey are 53 in the "Summary", but the report can be further explained as: literary reading in America is not only declining 54 among all groups, but the rate of decline has been speeded up, especially among the young. Reading at Risk merely shows a great 55 change that most Americans have already noticed —our society's great turn to electronic media for entertainment and information.Reading Reading a book a book 56 a degree of active attention and devotion. I ndeed, reading itself is Indeed, reading itself is a progressive skill that 57 years of education and practice. 58 . reading is like riding a bicycle, driving driving a car, a car, or sewing. In order to get get better better better at at at it, it, it, you must do it. you must do it. The The last twenty-five last twenty-five years years of of reading research 59 this simple law. 60 most electronic media such as television, recordings, and and radio radio make fewer demands on on their their their audiences, audiences, and indeed require no no more more than 61 participation. While oral culture has a rich reality and electronic media offer the considerableattention of variety, print culture affords irreplaceable forms of focused thought that makes various communications and views possible. The decline in reading, therefore, 62 a larger reduce from participation in public and cultural life.What is to be done? There is surely no single solution to the present problem, just as there is nosingle 63 . The important thing now is to understand that America can no longer take active and devoted reading for granted.Reading Reading is is is a a a timeless, timeless, timeless, common common common ability. ability. ability. As As As more more more Americans Americans 64 this this ability, ability, ability, our our our nation nation will become less informed, active and independent minded. These are not the qualities that a free, inventive, or productive society can afford to lose.50. A. enhancementB. promotionC. ignoranceD. decline 51. A. childrenB. groupC. adultD. audience 52. A. vividB. familiarC. objectiveD. instructive 53. A. presentedB. associatedC. markedD. selected 54. A. dramaticallyB. steadilyC. limitedlyD. routinely 55. A. naturalB. reasonableC. creativeD. cultural 56. A. withdrawsB. requiresC. benefitsD. emphasises 57. A. turns downB. makes upC. depends onD. leaves for 58.A. By contrast . B. By the way C. In a word D. In other words 59.A. challenges B. confirms C. declares D. adopts 60.A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Nevertheless D. Meanwhile 61.A. cooperative B. passive C. negative D. active 62.A. increases B. equals C. decreases D. stirs 63.A. cause B. resource C. course D. consequence 64.A. develop B. keep C. acquire D. lose Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Many years ago, my dad was facing a serious heart condition. He was unable to work a steady job. He fell suddenly ill and had to be admitted to the hospital.He wanted to do something to keep himself busy, so he decided to volunteer at the local children's hospital. My dad loved kids. It was the perfect job for him. He ended up working with the seriously ill children. He would talk, play, and do arts with them.paralyzed her from the neck down. One of his kids was a girl with a rare disease that She couldn't do anything, and she was very depressed. My dad decided to try to help her. He started visiting her in her room, bringing paints, brushes and paper. He stood the paper up, put the paintbrush in his mouth and began to paint. He didn't use his hands at all. All th while he would tell her, "See, you can do anything you set your mind to."At the end of the day, she began to paint using her mouth, and she and my dad became friends. Soon after, the little girl was sent home because the doctors felt there was nothing else they could do for her. My dad also left the children's hospital for a little while because he became ill. Some time later after my dad had recovered and returned to work, in came the little girl who had been paralyzed,only this time she was walking. She ran straight over to my dad and hugged him really tight. She gave him a picture she had done using her hands. At the bottom it read: “Thank you for helping me walk.”My dad would cry every time he told us this story and so would we. He would say sometimes love is more powerful than doctors, and my dad - who died just a few months after the little girl gave him the picture - loved every single child in that hospital.65. The author's father worked at the local hospital to _______ .A. ease his serious heart conditionB. realize his childhood dream-C. earn money to pay for treatmentD. keep himself occupied and happy66. How did the author's father help the paralyzed little girl?B. He painted special pictures for her. A. He showed her she could still do things. C. He helped her practise walking.D. He visited her and made a toy for her.______ .67. According to paragraph 4, the paralyzed girl A. eventually became a unique painterB. gradually recovered and walkedC. was sent home and never seen againD. sent him a picture painted with her mouth68. What message does the passage mainly convey?A. It's better to give than to receive.B. V olunteering is a worthwhile thing to do.C. Love can sometimes bring great results. D. A sick person should not focus on his disease. B(Note: You may read the questions first.) ________ DESLORATADINE INSTRUCTIONS ________________ CFNFRICDESLORA TADINE (地氟雷他定<药物名称>) NAMEDesloratadine Desloratadine provides provides provides relief relief relief of of of seasonal seasonal allergy (过敏) ) symptoms symptoms symptoms and and and allergic allergic nose USES conditions such as runny nose, sneezing, and watery eyes.Take this medication by mouth once a day or as directed by your doctor. HOW TODo not increase your dose or take this more often than directed. USE Do not take this medication for several days before allergy testing since test results may be affected. This medication may cause throat discomfort, muscle pain, dizziness, tiredness, SIDE EFFECTS indigestion, or dry mouth. If these effects continue or worsen, contact your doctor in time. Tell your doctor immediately if this unlikely but serious side effect occurs: rapidheartbeat. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor. If you overdose, contact your local poison control center or emergency roomimmediately. US people can call the US national poison hotline at 1-800-222-1222. OVERDOSE Canadian residents should call their local poison control center directly. Symptoms ofoverdose may include fast heartbeat. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as remembered. MISSED DOSEDo not take it near the time for the next dose. Instead, skip the missed dose and restartyour usual dosing schedule.Do not double the dose to catch up. Store between 36-77 degrees°F (2-25 degrees°C ) and away from light and dampness. C) and away from light and dampness. STORAGE Do not store in the bathroom.Keep all medicines away from children and pets. 69. What is the main function of Desloratadine?A. To stop a running nose.B. To relieve the discomfort of allergy.C. To help get rid of watery eyes.D. To relieve sore throat. 70. The underlined word dose most probably means _________ ". A. the amount of medication you takeB. the time of your taking the medicationC. the results of your allergy testingD. the side effects medication causes 71. For what purpose are the instructions given?A. To warn people of the possible side effects of Desloratadine.B. To show the correct way to store Desloratadine.C. To illustrate the positive effect Desloratadine has on patients.D.To ensure patients' right and safe use of Desloratadine(C)You want a smart phone, but just how smart do you want it? How about one that can read your mind? Well, that phone may well be on its way...Justin Rattner, chief researcher at Intel, says that technology has developed to the point that "context-aware computing", an idea that's been around for twenty years, is becoming more of a reality.That could lead to a phone that acts as a mind reader in your pocket. But rather than simply collect secrets about you, the device could do things with that information, such as predict what you might do next and make suggestions.Rattner gave a few examples during his speech at Inters developer conference recently.Among them, a software Intel worked on with Fodor's Travel, a traveling website. It learns what types of foods and places you like, based on searches you type into the phone or places you searched using GPS. The software makes similar recommendations when you visit a new city.Tech companies are already working to predict what people want Search engine Google, movie-rental movie-rental service service service Netflix, Netflix, Netflix, and and and online online online radio radio radio service service service Pandora Pandora Pandora try try try to to to guess guess guess what what what people people people want want even before they know they want it.Putting Putting those those those types types types of of of functions functions functions together together together with with with the the the other other other information information information that that that phones phones phones collect collect about people could pave the way for even more helpful mobile phones, Rattner said.A A challenge challenge challenge is is is training training training computers computers computers to to to look look look at at at data data data from from from "hard "hard sensors (探测器)" (which measure place, movement, temperature etc.) and combining those findings with data from "soft sensors" (such as calendar appointments and Web browsing history).For example, your phone could tell you have just left school and seem to be on your way home home - - - a a a location location location it it it might might might know know know from from from your your your address address address book. book. book. It It It could could could then then then tell tell tell you you you the the the best best best route route around traffic.“Things don't get really interesting until you mix that hard sensor data with soft sensor data," Rattner said. "It gives devices almost this sixth sense of predicting what a user will need in the future, whether that's the next few minutes or at dinner later in the day."Rattner added that researchers are even making steps toward the final goal goal - a computer - a computer understanding of thoughts. However, he said there will be a need for stronger privacy controls when phones and computers develop a better ability to "think for themselves". 72. According to the passage, smart phones in the future will be able to _____ .A. understand our thoughts and do what we askB. B. forecast our behavior and offer advice forecast our behavior and offer adviceC. collect personal information and give away secrets.... D. think logically and make decisions for us73. It can be seen from the passage that Justin Rattner ______ . A. believes that current software can already predict our desiresB. B. criticized some tech companies for analyzing customer desires criticized some tech companies for analyzing customer desires;C. gave examples of new phone functions under developmentD. has shown how the new smart phones work at the conference74. What can be concluded about "think for themselves" computers?A. They are a dream that can never come true.B. Their negative effects haven't been considered yet.C. They are being used in some areas of life.D. The need to protect privacy against them should be met.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Think for Themselves: A unique device to predict your future accuratelyB. Think for Themselves: A possible approach to releasing personal informationC. Think for Themselves: A promising development of new technologyD. Think for Themselves: A perfect combination of hard sensors and soft sensorsSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Continual development and motivationB. Motivational benefit from physical activityC. Motivation for problem-solving and decision-makingD. Personal motivation styles and learning motivationE. Hugely motivational effect of expressing gratitude. F . Motivational activities for team building Motivational activities for team buildingMotivational Theory76. _____________________ When a group of people meet for a conference, or training course, there is always a feeling of uncertainty and discomfort. Even if people know each other, they feel uncomfortable in the new strange situation, because it is different. Games and team building activities like ice-breakers,warm-ups warm-ups can can can relax relax relax people; people; people; Teams Teams unite unite and and and work work work together together together when when when they they they identify identify identify a a a common common purpose purpose——whether the aim is the tallest tower made out of newspapers, or a game of rounders on the park. Activities and games break down the barriers, and therefore help develop close relationships. 77 Everyone is different. Taking part in new games and activities outside of the work situation illustrates illustrates people's people's people's different different different strengths strengths strengths and and and working working working style style style preferences. preferences. preferences. Respect Respect Respect develops develops develops when when people see skills and attributes in others that they didn't know existed. Also, people work and learn in different ways.78. ________________________ Learning and taking part in a completely new activity or game like juggling demonstrates that learning is ongoing. The lessons never finish, unless people decide to stop learning. Introducing people, staff or employees to new experiences opens their minds to new avenues of personal development, and emphasizes the opportunity for continuous learning that is available to us all. 79. _______________________ |Team building activities like juggling, construction exercises, or outdoor games, get the body moving, moving, which which which is is is good good good for for for general general general health health health and and and for for for an an an energetic energetic energetic approach approach approach to to to work. work. work. A A A minute minute minute of of juggling three balls is 200 throws, the equivalent of pumping over 20 kilos. Physical activity also provides significant stress relief, and stress management is part of every organization's duty of care towards its employees. People concentrate and work better when they have had some light exercise and physical stimulus. Physical activity energizes people and reduces stress and tension.80. ________________________ When you look someone in the eye and thank them sincerely it means a lot. In front of othe people even more so. The key words are the ones which say thanks and well done for doing a grea job, especially where the words recognize each person's own special ability, quality, contribution, effort, effort, whatever. whatever. whatever. People People People always always always appreciate appreciate appreciate being being being valued valued valued as as as an an an individual individual individual even even even more. more. more. When When When you you next have the chance to thank your team or an individual team-member, take the time to find out a special thing that each person has done and make a point of mentioning these things. Doing this,special thing that each person has done and make a point of mentioning these things. Doing this, the praise tends to carry even greater meaning and motivational effect. Section D Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the i i statements in the fewest possible words. The library is one of the most popular places at a Western university. Students turn to it for research, conversations about class, and many other services.Compared with Chinese libraries, college libraries in the US and UK tend to offer more resources. A graduate student at Yale University can borrow as many as 225 books at a time.In In addition addition addition to to to borrowing borrowing borrowing books, books, books, there there there are are are online online online and and and electronic electronic electronic resources. resources. resources. These These include a d atabase database (数据库) search of popular and academic material, such as LexisNexis Academic, which offers items from newspapers and magazines.Although books and articles are the items that students ask for most frequently, some libraries provide video recordings. At some schools, teachers and tutors put electronic copies of their teaching PPTs on the library Web to give easier access for students.Another Another useful useful useful service service service in in in Western Western Western college college college libraries libraries libraries is is is the the the Interlibrary Interlibrary Interlibrary Loan. Loan. Loan. This This allows a student at one school to borrow books from another school. The loan request is made through the student's college library, which gets the book, gives it to the user, and arranges for its return.Technology Technology has has has made made made libraries libraries libraries more more more attractive. attractive. attractive. Some Some Some universities universities universities have have have services services services for for students to send messages through the computer.Earlier Earlier this this this year, year, year, Harvard Harvard Harvard University University University introduced introduced introduced a a a new new new Scan Scan Scan and and and Deliver Deliver Deliver service, service, allowing students to make requests for parts of books and articles. Requests made through the system are handled by library staff. The student receives an e-mail with an Internet link to the scanned pages. The service is free and all material comes within four days.It used to be that libraries didn't allow food or drinks. But that rule is changing and many of them now contain a cafe so students can spend as much time as they want iirthe library.Additionally, some US university libraries are now all-night affairs, or have at least one study room open all night.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.In comparison with Chinese libraries, college libraries in the US and UK not only _____ . 82.According to Paragraph 4 and 5, what are the two useful services for students in Western College libraries? 83.The purpose of Harvard University's introducing a new Scan and Deliver service is to let 84. What have some US university libraries done for a change?第II卷(共45分) . ●请结合具体事例说明理由请结合具体事例说明理由KEYS 单选25. B 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. 11 B 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. A 十选九41. C 42. A 43. G 44. E 45. B 46. I 47. H 48. J 49. D 完形填空50. D 51. C 52. C 53. A 54. A 55. D 56. B 57. C 58. D 59. B 60. C 61. B62. B 63. A 64. D 阅读理解阅读理解A 篇65. D 66. A 67. B 68. C B 篇69. B 70. A 71. D C 篇72. B 73. C 74. D 75. C Section C （六选五）（六选五）76. F 77. D 78. A 79. 80E Section D 8l lend books but (also) offer more(online and electronic) resources 81. Providing video recordings and the Interlibrary Loan. 82. students make requests for parts of books and articles 83. They have started cafes/have offered cafe services and become all-night affairs/let students stay longer. 翻译1. 1. It is pleasant having/to have a hot drink on a cold winter day/on cold winter days. It is pleasant having/to have a hot drink on a cold winter day/on cold winter days. 2. 2. All All All the senior three students the senior three students are required to have a physical examination/check-up before they takethe entrance examinations. 3. 3. These colorful fruit bowls caught my eye at that time, reminding me of the happy childhood. These colorful fruit bowls caught my eye at that time, reminding me of the happy childhood. 4. 4. In some cases,what matters is not the result but whether you have enjoyed the process. In some cases,what matters is not the result but whether you have enjoyed the process. 5. 5. Now that the tickets for economy class are popular,we should call the booking/ticket office Now that the tickets for economy class are popular,we should call the booking/ticket office to inquireas soon as possible? so that we won't miss/lose the golden chance. 。
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奉贤区
1. 如今人们越来越关注食品安全。
(concern)
2. 我认为他不会轻易改变自己想法的。
(think)
3. 我们高中生应该有远大的志向，不应该只满足于现状。
(satisfy)
4. 外出旅游时，务必保护环境，凡事为他人着想。
(sure)
5. 我们一致认为，每个人不管有没有天赋，只要对社会作出一定贡献，都是成功人士。
(view)
普陀区
1. 黄浦江隧道的建成极大地促进了浦东的发展。
(promote)
2. 在西方国家，有心理问题去咨询心理医生是很普遍的。
(consult)
3. 它是一种负责任的旅游，因为它认真地考虑到生态和文化。
(which, take… into consideration)
4. 在场的大学生都希望演说者不要离题。
(confine himself to)
5. 在整个公司里他的电脑技术比任何其他成员都好。
(superior to)
长宁区
1. 是你的努力而不是才智决定你的成功。
(determine)
2. 在禁止吸烟的公共场所抽烟是不良行为。
(manners)
3. 暗淡的灯光和柔和的音乐会营造出浪漫的气氛。
(be supposed)
4. 昨晚听到他喜欢的足球队获胜的消息，他兴奋得彻夜未眠。
(too… to)
5. 即使朝鲜半岛(Korean Peninsula)能实现和平，仍然有许多问题有待解决。
(come to)
闵行区
1. 祝你面试成功。
(Wish…)
2. 这首诗太抽象，我不能完全理解。
(too… to…)
3. 要保持身体健康，我们应该每天抽出一定的时间来锻炼。
(health)
4. 不亲自参与，你无法知道这种游戏带来的乐趣。
(unless)
5. 防火意识不容忽视，不然的话会对生命和财产造成不可估量的损失。
(neglect)
虹口区
1. 在寒冷的冬日喝杯热饮真是惬意。
(It)
2. 高三学生在高考前都必须接受一次体检。
(require)
3. 这些彩色果盆当时引起了我的注意，使我想起了快乐的童年。
(remind)
4. 在有些情况下，重要的不是结果，而是你是否享受了这个过程。
(matter)
5. 既然经济舱位的票很畅销，我们应尽快打电话到售票处询问一下，以免坐失良机。
(now that)
卢湾区
1. 王教授在本文中提及了自己的新论点。
(mention)
2. 如果你有什么问题，你可以向这些专家请教。
(consult)
3. 那位老太太忍受不了来自建筑工地的噪音，打电话报警了。
(put)
4. 在招待会上，他没能抵抗住那些美食的诱惑，吃了很多。
(fail)
5. 那些妇女指出她们不是家庭中的仆人，她们应有更多的时间享受生活。
(point)
徐汇（松江）区
1. 同学们积极参加体育锻炼。
(take)
2. 人们认为信心和耐心是成功的关键。
(consider)
3. 评估一个人知识和技能有很多简单而有效的方法。
(assess)
4. 昨晚残疾人的演出非常成功，让观众们感动得流下了眼泪。
(so… that…)
5. 整个周末他都在忙着复习备考，只在吃饭的时候才歇一歇。
(busy)
嘉定区
1. 不论价钱多少，她也打算买下那件美丽的服装。
(regardless of)
2. 你对上周美术馆展出的那些画感兴趣吗？(appeal)
3. 家长与孩子之间缺乏必要的交流已经成为一个社会问题。
(lack n.)
4. 2010上海成功举办了世博会，这对于上海经济的发展意义重大。
(make a difference)
5. 我校最近进行的调查表明，对于有关自己学校里发生的各种事情，大多数同学在网上都参加过讨论。
(participate)
静安区
1. 现在人人都有接受教育的机会。
(access)
2. 每年在世界各地举行多次国际足球比赛。
(occur)
3. 汤姆不能与人很好沟通，因为他总是缺乏与人眼神交流。
(lack)
4. 为了保证游客安全，游客在九点之后不得进入公园。
(admit)
5. 虽然他在技巧和经验上都与我旗鼓相当，但是谁都有可能夺冠。
(equal adj.)
杨浦区
1. 阅读电子书籍渐渐成为年轻人的新时尚。
(trend)
2. 沪杭高铁线使旅途时间缩短到一个小时。
(cut)
3. 经过一个月的重新装饰，中国馆(pavilion)再次向公众开放。
(reopen)
4. 令同学们高兴的是他们在假期中也能使用学校图书馆。
(access n.)
5. 网络在我们日常生活中起了举足轻重的作用，以至于当不能上网时人们感到无所适从。
(loss)
黄浦区
1. 再来一杯咖啡怎么样？(have)
2. 如果你方便的话，请在周末带我参观一下博物馆。
(show)
3. 妻子花了2000元买了个包，而丈夫认为它不值这个价。
(worth)
4. 不管遇到什么困难，继续努力，直到实现你的梦想。
(whatever)
5. 令我惊讶的是，这个小男孩那么聪明，能在如此短的时间内解答出那道很多成年人都没有解出的题。
(fail)
宝山区
1. 对不起，今天我不能参加会议了。
(attend)
2. 别担心，我马上把你要的材料通过电子邮件发给你。
(require)
3. 各种各样的媒体使我们有可能及时地获得许多有价值的信息。
(it)
4. 与你周围的人分享你的进步、挑战、失败，你就可以从他们那里获得帮助。
(and)
5. 随着社会的迅速发展，许多人都渴望向大众展示他们自己，从而产生了各种各样的娱乐活动。
(result)
浦东新区
1. 语言学习者应该利用一切机会运用语言。
(take)
2. 应该鼓励学生养成独立思考的好习惯。
(habit)
3. 动身去旅游之前，务必确保一切准备完毕。
(before)
4. 尽管三分之二的地球表面被水覆盖，但世界上很多地方还是严重缺水。
(cover)
5. 无论这项任务要求有多高，挑战有多大，她坚信只要坚持不懈就一定能圆满完成。
(However)
金山区
1. 他采纳了我的建议。
(adopt)
2. 我很感激她为我做的一切。
(appreciate)
3. 尽管有困难，我们还是会努力完成这项任务的。
(despite)
4. 这首歌常使我回忆起我们在中学时一起度过的时光。
(remind… of…)
5. 为了满足2010年世博会的需求，上海新建了许多现代化的宾馆和展览馆。
(meet)
闸北区
1. 冬天，许多学生喜欢在室内打篮球。
(indoors)
2. 应该鼓励孩子在班级活动中扮演主要角色。
(role)
3. 不管天有多冷，他不顾父母反对坚持步行上学。
(despite)
4. 应居民需要，这所学校在周末向公众开放。
(accessible)
5. 有了各种现代的购物方式，足不出户但却生活舒适不再是梦想。
(variety)
青浦区
1. 他不情愿留出点钱来。
(reluctant)
2. 许多专家呼吁人们要好好保护老的建筑。
(appeal v.)
3. 由于这位歌手对如何才能唱好这首新歌没什么头绪，他决定咨询Steven。
(idea)
4. 不管你是反对还是赞成这个计划，明天中午12点以前你得投票。
(Whether)
5. 那些受过良好教育的人更可能理解献血其实只需一点点勇气的事实。
(It)
崇明县
1. 这本关于电脑的书值得一看。
(worth)
2. 如果你能帮我们解决这个问题，我们将不胜感激。
(appreciate)
3. 尽管困难重重，他丰富的工作经验最终使他能胜任这个工作。
(qualify)
4. 毫无疑问，只有勇敢面对挑战的人才有可能成功。
(likely)
5. 自上海长江遂桥通车以来，崇明岛发生了巨变，已今非昔比了。
(what)。