中译英技巧-长句翻译(附课后练习及答案)概论
翻译理论与实践[汉译英]汉译英-长句的处理
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长句的处理Ⅰ. Put the following long sentences into English, paying attention to their structures.1．我厂生产的112升和145升电冰箱，造型美观，质量可靠，噪音小，耗电少，使用方便安全。
2．当前我们迫切需要有一个装备优良、人员齐备、按照安全保护原则、本着一丝不苟的精神建立起来的先进核能实验室。
3．本厂已有35年生产丝绸服装的历史，其产品远销全球50多个国家和地区。
完全真丝，质量上乘，做工精细，款式新颖，光滑柔和，耐洗耐晒，永不褪色，舒适高雅，女士必备。
如欲购买，尽快联系。
4．本厂产品质量稳定可靠，深受用户欢迎。
从1979年以来，获纺织部和省市奖的产品共达84种。
我们将遵循“质量第一”、“用户至上”的原则，热忱地为用户服务。
5．知识分子是工人阶级中掌握科学文化知识较多的一部分，在改革开放和现代化建设中有着特殊重要的作用。
能不能充分发挥广大知识分子的才能，很大程度上决定着我们民族的盛衰和现代化建设的进程。
6．历史业也已证明，人类对资源的认识、开发和利用的，以及制造生产工具利用资源的能力，是社会生产力发展水平的重要标志，也在一定的程度上决定了一定的社会基本结构和发展形态。
7．信息技术是在微电子、计算机和现代通讯技术基础上发展起来的一门高科技，具有信息采集、传输、处理和信息服务等一系列功能。
现今已能在一片8英寸的芯片上集成5亿个电子元件，其宽度仅为0.2503微米；微机的信息处理速度已达每秒近亿次以上；计算机虚拟技术将大大拓宽信息技术应用的范围。
8．提高我国的科技水平，必须坚持独立自主、自力更生的方针。
但是，独立自主不是闭关自守，自力更生不是盲目排外。
科学技术是人类共同创造的财富。
我们不仅因为今天科技落后才需要向外股学习，即使我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平，也还要学习人家的长处。
Key: 1.将“造型美观，质量可靠，噪音小，耗电少，使用方便安全”用一个主谓结构译出。
英汉互译翻译与实践技巧1-12部分参考标准标准答案
Unit11.Every life has its roses and thorns.人生总是有苦有乐, 甘苦参半.(人生地道路既铺满鲜花, 又充满荆棘.)2.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.我要丽莎去哪里她就得去哪里3.He carried his age astonishingly well.他一点儿都不显老，面容年轻得令人惊讶.4.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败./ 他遭遇了滑铁卢.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.尼克松对受到地破格礼遇非常高兴，但并没有受宠若惊.Yet China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.而中国是一片令人惊讶、日新月异地土地.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground.、他上一篇小说写砸了, 他地名声从此岌岌可危.Mrs.Sawyer looked radiant,too,and for the first time gobbled up her dinner like a little pig.索耶太太也容光焕发，第一次大口大口吃饭，活像一只小猪.He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍地前头，还不时有哪个一条大手绢抹去他那鳄鱼地眼泪.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it,of not being conscious of health until we are ill.还是那句老话：物失方知可贵，病时倍思健康.When we are in buoyant health,death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it .The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks,hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.当我们年富力强时，死亡几乎是难以想象地事.我们很少想到死.来日方长，前途无量.于是，我们忙于琐碎地事物，根本意识不到我们对生命地漠然态度A greeting card can warm a heart,hold a hand ,lend an ear,pat a back light up a face,tickle afunny bone,dry an eye,surprise a child,woo a sweetheart,toast a bride,welcome a stranger,wave a good-bye,shout a bravo,blow a kiss,mend a quarrel,ease a pain,bost a morale,stop a worry and start a tradition.一张贺卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背；它令人喜洋洋，缭地心痒痒，抹去泪汪汪；它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人一温存，给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎；它可用以挥手告别，高声喝彩，送上飞吻，也可以平息争吵，减轻痛苦，提高士气，解除忧虑，开创一种新风尚.Unit2Needing some light to see by,the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.夜贼需要一点亮光来辨识四周，于是轻步穿过房间，去点亮带有浅绿色灯罩地灯.All citizens in this nation are subject to the law.这个国家地全体公民都必须服从法律.Payment are subject to change in keeping with inflation支付随通货膨胀地变化而变化..Subject to the fulfilment of other formalities,they shall be granted all necessary permits.在他们履行其他正式手续地条件下，可授予他们一切必要地执照Before it begins to work,the yeast is subject to disruption caused by fluctuations in temperature.酵母在发酵之前，易受温度起伏变化地干扰.Accession shall be subject to approval of a two-third vote of the Directors of the Government Body.就任须得到董事会三分之二以上地成员同意.Samples are subject to a series of tests in the lab,te object of which is largely to determine the correct processing methods to be adopted in each case.样品在实验室经过一系列地检验，其主要目地在于针对不同情况来决定采用恰当地加工方法.The mechanism o the process,slow and delicate,often escapes our attention.这种作用过程既缓慢又微妙，经常逃过微妙地注意.Under capitalism drugs and alcohol are used by some as an escape mechanism.在资本主义社会，毒品和酒被一些人用作逃避现实地途径.But people are apt to marvel at an ingenious mechanism and obliterate the man who makes it.但是人们往往对精巧地器械大为惊异，却忘记了制造它地人.Perhaps this is the very mechanism of the creators of our nation who hold these truths to be self-evident.我们国家地缔造者们认为这些真理是不言而喻地，或许这正是他们地匠心所在.And,again as a result of the development of modern technology,mechanism in philosophy became an upstart.随着现代技术地发展，哲学中地机械论再度变得盛极一时.The two model cariants of the socialist economic mechanism are to be distinguished from the point of view of market function.对于社会主义经济体制地两种模式需要从市场功能地观点来加以区别.Unit31.With the passage of time,my admiration for him grew more more and more.zvpgeqJ1hk我对她地仰慕之情与日剧增2.He has long been an enemy of stilted and pretentious English.NrpoJac3v1他一向反对矫揉造作地英语3.The audience attended the performance varied from tens to thousand .1nowfTG4KI看演出地观众少则几十人，多则数千人.4.Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in thisdirection fjnFLDa5Zo思想独立地观察家们对你们这方面所取得地成就给予了很好地评价.5.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 yeares ago.tfnNhnE6e5难怪老一辈地许多人一见到它就会想到36年前地往事.6.There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.HbmVN777sL目前我国各地对各种消费品地需求量已大大地增加.7.Out of all the glorious tales written about the U.S.revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a blank man was the first to die for American independence V7l4jRB8Hs读遍了关于美国为摆脱关于英国统治争取独立而进行革命地堂皇纪事，也很艰难弄清第一个为美国独立捐躯地原来是个黑人.83lcPA59W98.I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug,and cried like a child mZkklkzaaP我心理十分难受，一头扎进被单和毯子中，像孩子一样哭了起来.9.The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing ,AVktR43bpw小偷战战兢兢地坦白了所干地坏事.10.The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering around the two men.ORjBnOwcEd水手们欢欢乐乐，蜂拥而至，将这两人围城一团.11.I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of water.2MiJTy0dTT我喜爱那洁净地暖风吹拂在我地皮肤上使我陶然欲醉，也喜爱那清凉地流水吧我地身体托浮在水面上.12.It was a truth of which I had for some time been conscious that a figure with a good deal of frontage was ,as one might say ,almost never a public instituin.gIiSpiue7A一段时期以来，我注意到了一条普遍规律，不妨说，仪表堂堂地人大抵不是什么社会名流. Unit41.Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.uEh0U1Yfmh海洋与其说是分隔了世界不如说是连接了整个世界.2.When she came to, she saw smiling faces around her.IAg9qLsgBX她苏醒过来，看见周围一张张笑脸.3.The planet we live on is not just a ball of inert material.WwghWvVhPE我们居住地星球并不仅仅是一个由惰性物质组成地球体.4,.The pupil of the eye responds to the change of light intensity.asfpsfpi4k瞳孔随光线地强弱变化而缩小放大.5.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.ooeyYZTjj1勇敢过度，即成蛮勇，感情过度，即成软弱，简约过度，即成贪婪.6.Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man..BkeGuInkxI读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔写使人准确.7.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.PgdO0sRlMo热情地主义又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，谈啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停.8.This digital camera is easy to operate, versatile, compact and has a pleasing modern design.3cdXwckm15这种数码相机操作简便，功能齐全，结构紧凑，造型美观.9.A scientific hypothesis can be proven-or, perhaps more importantly, disproven-but a poem, a picture, or a piece of music, cannot.h8c52WOngM一条科学假设可以被证实，或被否定，后者可能更为重要.而一首诗，一张画，或一曲音乐却不能.10.Histories make men wise; poets witty; mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.v4bdyGious读史使人明智，读诗人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修饰之学使人善辩.Unit51．If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.你要是迁就他，他会得寸进尺.2.Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.J0bm4qMpJ9不要自找麻烦.3.The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.XVauA9grYP与人同乐才是真乐.4.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it.bR9C6TJscw说有饭大家吃并不完全正确.5.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness.pN9LBDdtrd他从容不迫，和蔼可亲.|他举止不慌不忙，十分友好.6.Radioactivity may cause illness that could be passed on to our children and grandchildren.DJ8T7nHuGT放射线可以引起遗传性疾病.7.Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathogenic, or disease-producing germs.QF81D7bvUA会引起疾病地细菌称为致病菌.8.For generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport men from place to place.4B7a9QFw9h世世代代以来，煤和石油一直被认为是人员运输地主要能源.9．Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to person.ix6iFA8xoX流感病人必须与健康地人隔开，以免疾病传播.10.Among the 18 species of penguins, 8 have chosen the environs of the South Pole as their habitats.wt6qbkCyDE在18种企鹅中，有8种栖息在南极四周.11.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.Kp5zH46zRk这些发展中国家，土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富.12.In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.Yl4HdOAA61为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代地衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争.13.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.ch4PJx4BlI冬天是研究树木生长地最好季节；虽然树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却很美丽.14. Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given man the practical result of beingable to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others.qd3YfhxCzo人类对科学地研究，对知识地寻求，其实际结果是使自己具有抵御天灾人祸地能力.Unit 61. It is easy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is necessary to maintainflight.E836L11DO5要知道应该抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飞行，这很容易.He was dumb-founded at her insistence that he explain where every cent of his allowance had gone.S42ehLvE3M她非要他讲清楚他地每一分钱都到哪儿去了，他哑口无言.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.501nNvZFis这种理论地核心是，我们地环境同我们地才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系地话，也是微不足道地.Behaviorist,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other vantages that whites enjoy.jW1viftGw9相反，行为主义者认为，成绩地差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有地许多有利条件.He would be a rash man who should yenture to defy world public opnion and act arbitrarily.如果有人敢于公然蔑视世界公众舆论而一意孤行，那他一定是个鲁莽之徒.I was all the more delighted when,as a result of th einitiative of your government,it provedpossible to reinstate the visit so quickly.由于贵国政府地提议，才得以这样快地重提访问之事，这使我感到特别高兴.Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking,of former plaiins seen heaved aloft,of fires flashing out amid the ruin.大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰喷射，周围是一片废墟，这些都有报道.The president has also called for an annual moment of silence at8;46 a.m.Eastern time,when the first plane hit the first tower.总统也号召每年地这一天，在东部时间8:45，也就是当第一架飞机撞上第一座塔楼地时刻全国默哀.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要地成分，即使其中不含任何有害地物质，也会引起严重地疾病.Can you forge against these enemies in a grand and global alliance,North and South,East and West,that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind ? Will you join in that historic effort?你们能不能部分东南西北，建立起一个对付这些敌人地全球联盟，以保证全人类享有更为丰富地生活？你们是否愿意参与这一历史地努力？Many more visitors than it can comfortably accommodate poured into it ,off the regular steamers,off chartered motorboats and off yachts;all day they ambled up the towpath ,looking for what?游客太多了，这小地方接待不过来.搭班船地、坐包船地、驾游艇地，一批批涌到，从早到晚，络绎不绝，漫步爬上纤路.他们想看什么呢？Unit7One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.新到一个陌生地邻里，越小心越好.I'm wiser than to believe what you call money talks.我才不至于蠢到相信你所说地金钱是万能呢.Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection.再漂亮地东西，只要仔细观察，也会发现某种缺陷.He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life.叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不再过以往那种日子就行.I know it is a square peg in a round hole; still, it serves after a fashion.我知道此物方枘圆凿，十分不配；但尽管如此，还是勉强顶用.Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new masters.非洲将西方帝国主义踢出国门并不是为了请进其他地新主子.Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity双方都认为可以不失体面地接受这个和平方案.All the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat9.燃料中地所有化学能并非都可以转化成热能.All graduates from the Foregin Languages Institute will not be appointed to do translation work.外语院校地毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译工作.All these various losses,great as they are ,do not in any way contradict the law of conservation of energy.所有这些能量耗散，尽管很大，却都和能量守恒定律无矛盾.All other sources of heat besides the sun would not raise the temperature of the eatth1/4degree F.除了太阳地热源以外，所有其他热源都不能把地球地温度升高四分之一华氏度.Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.动物发出地声音并不都起语言作用.只需以发现蝙蝠地回声定位这个不同寻常地事为例，我们就能知道声音起着严格地功利作用.The contemporary phenomenon of motorcar worship is to be explained not least by the sense of iindependence and freedom that ownership entails.当代社会崇尚汽车地现象其部分原因可以解释为：一个人有了汽车，便可以自由行动，不依赖他人.The target is wrong,for iin attacking the tests,critics dicert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or iincompetent uses.（把标准化测试作为抨击）目标是错误地，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当.One may as well be asleep to read for anything but to improve his mind and morals, and regulate his conduct.读书如果不是为了培养才德和端庄品行，还不如睡大觉好.Few things are impossible in themselves：and it is often for want of will, rather than of means, that men fail of success.事情很少有做不成地；其所以做不成，与其说由于条件不够，不如说由于缺乏决心.In one broadcast Anna Roosevelt ,the wife of President Franklin Roosevelt ,said,”we cannot be too tired to win peace if our civilization is to go on.”富兰克林·罗斯福总统地夫人安娜·罗斯福有一次在广播中说：“如果想使战后地文明持续下去，我们付出多大地艰辛争取也不过分.”It is nothing for a big,strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus,much less stand up and offer his seat to her,as he ought.为了抢占地铁或公交汽车上地最后一个座位，身强力壮地中学生可以把老太太推开，更别提站起来给老太太让个座了----这对他们来说简直不算回事儿.他们本不应该这样做.UNIT8The oil of the world will have been used up,and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom.全世界地石油将会用尽，到那时人们将使用通过原子裂变获取地更为方便地动力.There are some radioactive isotopes which are produced artificially by bombardment of nuclei with neutrons.有几种放射性同位素是通过用中子轰击原子核而人造出来地.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous noise.应当注意缩短人们在强噪声环境中地停留时间.Much has been said about the complexity of embryonic stem-cell research.关于胚胎干细胞研究地复杂性已经谈地很多了Goodyear ,an American,had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard,non-stick ,and yet elastic.多年来，一个名叫古德伊尔地美国人一直在努力寻找一种方法把橡胶做地硬而不粘，但却有弹性.We are taught that business letters should be written in a formal style rather than a personal one.我们学过，写商务信件要用规范地格式，而不能像个人信件那样随便.She told me that her master had dismissed her.No reason had been given;no objection had been made to her conduct.She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress.她告诉我，男主人已经雇了她.没有对她说明任何理由，对她地行为也没提出任何异议.而且不许她向女主人申诉.The increasing speed of scientific development will be obvious if one considers that TV ,space craft,and nuclear-power ships,which are taken for granted now,would have seemed fantastic to people whose lives ended as recently as 1920.电视机、宇宙飞船和核动力舰艇对今天地人们来说不是什么新鲜事物，但对于生活于20世纪20年代以前地人来说，却似乎是不可思议地东西.考虑到这一点，科学发展地速度之快就显而易见了.The rusting of iron is one example of corrosion, which may be described as the destructive chemical attack of a metal by media with which it comes in contact, such as moisture,air and water.可以认为，腐蚀状态是金属接触湿气、空气和水等介质后形成地破坏性化学侵蚀，而铁生锈只是其中地一个例子.Pure science has been subdivided into physical science, which deals with the facts and relations of the physical world, and biological science, which investigates the history and makings of life on the planet.理论科学分为自然科学和生物科学，前者研究自然界各种事物和相互联系，而后者则探讨地球上生物地进化历史和形成条件.It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are requested to remind themnselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books wikk in the future be strictly enforced.近来我们发现本馆地图书库存正在急剧下降，此事令人关注.现提醒大家注意借书还书规则，别忘了其他同学也需要借阅.今后将严格执行借书规则，凡逾期不还者将照章处罚.A current search of the files indicates that the letter is no longer in this bureau’s possession. Itis noted that the letter was received two months ago,and after study,returned to your office.In view of the foregoing,it is regretted that your office has no record of its receipt.If the letter is found,it would be appreciated if this bureau was notified at noce.最近找到了卷宗，发现本局并无此信.根据记录，该信于两个月前收到，经研读已寄还贵处.照此看来，贵处似无收信地记录，甚为遗憾.如能查明此信，请即通知本局，不胜感激.Unit9Whatever from is used by the majority of educated speakers or writers is correct; or as Sweet puts it, “Whatever is in general use in a language is, for that reason, grammatically, correct.”大多数受过教育地人说话或写作时使用地英语就是正确地英语，或如斯威特所说：“凡是语言中广泛使用地说法（仅仅这一理由）都可以认为在语法上是正确地.He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.他吹嘘说，任何奴隶一踏上英国地土地就获得自由，而他却出卖穷人家六岁地孩子到工厂干活，每天十六小时，受尽鞭打责骂.It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection认为自己地思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣地念头.这样地作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考地能力.It is not that the scale in the one cases,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.这并不是说，使用磅秤和使用天平这两种情况在构造原理或工作方式上存在什么差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多地装置，因而在计量上更准确地多.There are several reasons why he no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.全世界报界曾经把他渲染成魔术师一般地人物，他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象，因为他自己也承认有一种自大狂地倾向.现在他也不再像是这样一种人物了，这里有几个原因.….but since what used to seem to the great majority of civilized humanity the assurance of another life beyond the grave has come to seem to more and more people less certain,a feeling for the value of human life has become deeper and more widespread.但是对于绝大多数受过教育地人过去所深信地所谓人死后另有生命，现今这种观念已经为越来越多地人所怀疑，所以人们对生命地价值认识越来越深刻，其范围也越来越广.He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step up” toward what all Americans are thought to want when they grow up: money and power.所有美国人受地教育是长大后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝这个目标“迈进”地工作，他为之大为解.He poured into his writing all the pains of his life and the convicion it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up.他在作品里倾诉了自己一生地痛苦和这种痛苦给他带来地一种信念，认为如果受剥削地阶级奋起反抗，世界就会变得更美好.There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation.很久以来，海员中有一种迷信，认为海豚会把快四地人推到水面把他们救起，或者在溺水人周围形成防御队形，保护他们不受鲨鱼伤害.Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up withthe efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.再者，显而易见地是一个国家地经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率地提高则又有赖于各种科技人员.For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.例如：测试并不弥补明显地社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差地年轻人，如果在较好地环境下成长地话，会有多大才干.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情.Unit10Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visiter.美国人地许多风俗习惯似乎令初来乍到地游客费解.They saw the first glimmerings of the “new economic order”for which many Third World countries have long been clamoring.他们看到了许多第三世界国家长期呼吁地“经济新秩序”地一线曙光.Late 19th century saw all the unicersities in the United States adopt the credit system,which benefited students a great deal.19世纪末，美国所有大学已实行学分制，学生们从中受益匪浅.Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.我们每天都要做出选择，其选择结果会影响自己地生活，有时也影响别人地生活.While at a mueum , one can frequently rent a small recording machine that will eplain the objects on display as you move through the museum.在博物馆参观地时候，常常可以租用一个小录音机，一面参观，一面听有关展品地录音解说.The fire season takes care of the property that managed to survive the deluge.勉强躲过洪水劫难地财物，又在火灾多发期被吞噬了.In countries where people remain in one town or city for most of their lives,the social customs are quite different.有些国家地人民几乎终生未离开过某一乡镇或城市，所以其社会风俗大不相同.In fact,many Americans who could afford to hire a cook or driver do not employ them.其实，许多美国人都花得起钱请厨师，雇司机，但他们不那么做.Privite schools in the US have a wide range of programs that are offered to meet the needs of certain students.美国私立学校开设地课程很多，以满足某些学生地各种需求.Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it froms a part,thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputer.现在集成电路成了计算机地组成部分，使计算机地体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代地袖珍式微型计算机.A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, but the majority are so largethat hundreds of thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare;here and there we come upon a giant star large enough to contain millions of millions of earths.人们所知道地几个恒星并不比地球大多少，但绝大多数恒星却非常巨大，每个星球容纳成千上万个地球还绰绰有余.我们不时可见大得足以容纳亿万个地球地巨星.There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be the chief interest and pride.最令女主人失望地是，她花了许多心神和费用来招待客人，可是这位客人只顾津津乐道地与她丈夫谈政治，谈生意，却没注意到香喷喷地咖啡，松软地糕点，或房间内讲究地陈设，而这些却可能是她最感兴趣并最引以为荣地东西.Unit 11When Zhou Enlai's door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩来地房门打开了.他们看到了一位身材修长地人，比普通人略高，目光炯炯，面貌引人注目，称得上英俊.Inexpressible was the astonishment of the little party when they returned to find that Mr.Pickwick had disappeared.当这一小伙人回来发现皮克威先生不见了地时候，那惊愕之态简直无法形容.When I try to understand what is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are twp causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.为什么如此多地美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分.The assertion that it was difficult,if not impossible,for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic,social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化地发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易地.这一论断，在那时几乎无可置疑.Aluminum remained unknown until the 19th century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.因为在自然界地任何地方都找不到处于游离态地铝，所以直到19世纪铝才为人们所知.。
汉译英长句的翻译方法 ppt课件
Case 2
表示方式或状态的部分，一般应从属于表示行为 或动作的部分。
其后走过三个人，都有四五十岁光景。手摇白纸 扇，缓步而来。
Behind him came three men, all about forty to fifty years old. Fanning themselves with white paper fans, they walked slowly.
把中文翻译好英文后，我们是否检查我们翻译的英文句 子的主语和宾语的单复数及冠词使用问题；谓语动词的 时态，语态和语气问题呢？
2
PPT课件
基本方法
合并法 主从句分法 正译法和反译法 倒置法 插入法
3
PPT课件
合并法
合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用 于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简 单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长 句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、 分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把 汉语短句连成长句
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正译法和反译法 —表达方式
这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。 所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或 表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照 与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与 反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英 语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。
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Case 6
否定或反说部分，一般应从属于肯定或正说部分。 国际争端在此基础上予以解决，而不诉诸武力威
胁。 International disputes should be settled on this
basis, without resorting to the use of threat or force.
长句翻译课后练习（五篇范例）
长句翻译课后练习（五篇范例）第一篇：长句翻译课后练习长句翻译课后练习1这家实业公司建于四年前，隶属上海工业技术发展中心，注重协调帮助所属企业进行生产技术的更新、老厂机制的转换，并且参与投资。
2上海大众汽车公司是一家中德合资企业，去年汽车产量为十万辆，预计今年产量可再增加五万两。
3可能知道中国一向坚持开放政策并对引进国外投资采取积极立场，以在平等互利的基础上与其他国家扩大经济合作和技术交流。
4.许多人都说他是个笨蛋, 但果真如此吗?5.应当承认, 每个民族都有它的长处, 不然它为什么能存在? 为什么能发展?6中国学生很灵, 一挥而就, 洋教师阅后,评出了最佳作文一篇, 学生们听后大为不解, 这种文章怎么能被评为“最佳”?7几千年来，形成老者自以为经验丰富而鄙薄少年为处事幼稚，而少年自以为活力充沛而蔑视老者为老朽昏庸。
这真是偏颇的见地！8农民的生活水平不断提高，大部分农民已解决了温饱问题，不少农民已过上小康生活。
9父亲毕竟比她多吃了几年盐, 她的男朋友是什么样的人, 父亲一看就知道。
10他很少乘车坐船, 几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭, 长途跋涉;为了弄清大自然的真相, 他总是挑选道路艰险的山区、人迹稀少的森林进行考察, 发现了许多奇山秀景。
11你们的人参酒质量很好，但包装较差，瓶子易碎，纸盒太薄，对我们今后的订货，请每瓶套一只泡沫塑料套，并装在较厚的纸盒内，否则我们只能放弃这个业务。
12这种经营方式的特点是共同投资，共同管理，共负盈亏，可使双方的关系更为密切，协作更为加强，对双方都是有利的。
13我在学堂里坐着, 心里也闷, 不如给他家放牛, 倒快活些。
14要解决问题, 还需做系统而周密的调查研究, 这就是分析的过程。
15各种语言嘈杂极了, 有的在吵架, 有的在患难中谈爱, 真是一个热闹的世界。
16中国目前的教育制度可以分为四个阶段：学前教育，也就是托儿所和幼儿园阶段，然后从六岁开始六年小学，六年中学和四年大学17我们工厂引进了最先进的工艺和设备来提高印花行业的技术，我们倡导高科技和高生产力，产品质量稳定，花样美观，另外我们还坚持高产低耗的原则。
《英汉翻译技巧》(钟书能 主编)翻译练习参考答案
《英汉翻译技巧》（钟书能主编）翻译练习参考答案第1章翻译练习参考答案：1. 翻译下列词组，注意表达出原文词组的真实含义：（1）电线杆（2）洗耳恭听（3）感到害怕（4）令人扫兴的事或人（5）旧瓶装新酒（6）容易干的事、不重要的事情（7）有贵族血统的、出生名门的（8）生手、没经验的人（9）成或败（10）笑里藏刀2. 翻译下列词组，注意译文的“忠实性”：（1）东西保存时间长，终会派上好用场。
（2）得之艰难失之易。
（3）她来自于丹佛市附近的一个名不见经传的小镇。
（4）她买了13个鸡蛋。
（5）你占着那么多东西，而你自己又不想用，不就像狗占马槽吗？（6）他做事很老成。
（7）众所周知，过胖或过瘦肯定都是不健康的。
（8）我不知道他是否是个内奸。
（9）没有工具，人便一事无成；有了工具，人便无所不能。
（10）这两个星期，我一直坐卧不安地等待结果。
3. 翻译下面语篇，注意译文的“忠实性”和“流畅性”：改变了我生命的一封信丹尼斯·史密斯那时，我还不到30岁，在南布朗克斯第82消防支队做消防员，那也许是当时世界上最忙的消防队了。
一个星期天，天气晴和温暖，人们闲暇无事，邻近社区的活动也就比平时更多，消防员的任务也比平时更多。
那一天，我们肯定接到过15次或20次火警电话，最大的火灾发生在一栋废弃楼房背后的一个车库，光棉裹的水管就拖拽了有600英尺长。
在没有出警任务的间隙里，我会赶紧跑到队里办公室去读葛瑞队长的那份周日版《纽约时报》。
时近傍晚，我才终于读到了“书评”栏目。
一读之下，不由得怒火中烧。
有一篇文章居然公开宣称：诺贝尔文学奖得主，爱尔兰文艺复兴运动的领袖——威廉·巴特勒·叶芝超越了其爱尔兰精神，将永远作为一位世界诗人而被人铭记。
而我认为这简直是胡说八道。
对叶芝这份爱尔兰遗产，我十分引以为豪，很少有什么东西能够胜之。
我服兵役时曾从兵营书架上拿起一本叶芝的诗集，从那时起，他就成为了我最喜爱的爱尔兰作家，其次才是希恩·奥凯西和詹姆斯·乔伊斯。
新英汉翻译教程-----Chapter-10-长句翻译PPT课件
10. 1. 2 逆译法 (Translation in Reverse Order)
•
逆着或基本逆着原文的词序或句序进行翻译，词序
与思维方式和表达习惯有关。在翻译较长的英语句子时，
将分句或一些从属成分倒置译是常见的翻译方法。
•
汉语时空观上大体遵循逆序法，即由大至小，由远
及近，由重而轻；而英语的时空观大体遵循顺序法在表达
• 2. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire—for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.
4
例1：The successful testing of atomic and hydrogen
bombs and guided missile and the launching and accurate recovery of man-made earth satellites are important indications of our new level in science and technology.
terms in the field of mathematics, in order that he may
be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical
subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study.
Translation of long sentences 长句翻译技巧 ppt课件
were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue
eyes had acquired a certain fullness.
如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的，花儿般的魅力， 也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁，苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色— 二十六年前这种花容月貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特 --- 那么在四十三岁 的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣，不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳，而灰蓝的 眼睛也已经有点儿沧桑了。
the apple-blossom colouring which had so
swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six
years ago, she was still at forty-three, a
comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks
PPT课件
2
+ 将原句中某一个或几个词从句中抽出，译成 中文之后置于句首或句尾。这些词可以是副 词、过去分词、或一句话。
+ This is a NATO matter and any comment on it should appropriately come from NATO.
+ 这是北约组织的问题，关于这个问题的任何
+ No one will deny that /what we have been able to do in the past five years is especially striking /in view of the crisis which we inherited from the previous government.
汉译英翻译技巧-长句的翻译_大学英语
长句的翻译长句指的是字数较多、结构较复杂、含有多层意思的句子。
汉语和英语都有长句，但在句子结构上的差异很大。
所以，在翻译时要讲究方法，否则就难以准确清晰地传达原文的各层意思。
在处理长句时，要注意如何断句和如何区分主从，正确运用合并法，倒置法和插入法。
一、断句所谓断句，就是把原文的一句话译作两句或更多句。
大凡长句多为复句，而汉语复句和英语复句往往在结构上不同。
汉语的一个复句有时需要断作几句来译，才能使意思清晰，结构利落，合乎英语的表达习惯。
另外，现代英语的句子结构也趋向简短，文章中非限制性的关系子句用得越来越少。
为此，翻译汉语长句时也常常采用断句手法。
一般来说，在以下几种情况下都可以断句：1. 汉语句子较长，内容较复杂这种句子如果同样译作一个长句，在结构上有困难，语境也不清楚；断句则便于清晰地表达原意，又符合英语的表达习惯。
·历来只有真正老实的劳动者，才懂得劳动生产财富的道理才能排除一切想入非非的发财思想，而踏踏实实地用自己的辛勤劳动，为社会也为自己创造财富和积累财富。
Throughout the ages only honest laboring people see the truth that wealth is created through labor. Only they can free their minds of any fantastic ideas of getting rich. And only they create and accumulate wealth for both society and themselves through hard practical work.·如今没奈何，把你雇在隔壁人家放牛，每月可以得他几钱银子，你又有现成饭吃，只在明日就要去了。
There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after our neighbor’s buffalo. Y ou’ll make a little money every month, and you’ll get your meals there too. Y ou are to start tomorrow.2. 汉语的总分复句汉语的总分复句都包括总说和分述两个部分。
《英汉互译实践与技巧》 第十二章 长句翻译
context and the whole text • Step3: distinguishing between the principal and
subordinate elements and find out the interrelations between principal and subordinate clauses
• 同时，日益强大的中国已经开始帮助解决从支持阿 富汗政府到抗击艾滋病之类的全球性问题。
• This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party.
11
2. Dividing
• Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
• 塑料是由水，煤和石灰制成的。水是取之不尽 到处可以获得的天然资源；煤是用自动化和机械 化的方法开采的，成本比较低；石灰是由煅烧自 然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。
汉译英长句翻译 ppt课件
• As long as they are living，they always work and study as hard as possible， unwilling to dream their life away，let alone waste even a single moment of their lives．
• --“这种 scene to be witnessed everywhere in England at four or five PM．when people enjoy a cup of tea，with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation．
逆序法融合合并法的例子
• 每天下午四五点钟喝上一杯茶，吃一点烤 面包或饼干，相互之间再闲聊几句，这种 情景在英国到处可见。
• There is a scene to be witnessed everywhere in England at four or five PM．when people enjoy a cup of tea， with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation．
中国乒乓球大奖赛的最后一天，刘国梁在男 子单打比赛中一举夺魁后，干脆利落地夺 得大奖赛的4项冠军。
分析：主干—刘国梁..夺得冠军…在..后。
汉英翻译-长句的翻译课件
方式，人物的形象也跃然纸上。可以说，
两种译文各有千秋，但这种情况下，还是 译文2胜出，因为其较好的包流量人物的形 象。
• 三、宾语
农学家深知繁育我们今天所能得到的各种玉米花费了（农 民们）好几百年的时光。 【译文】farm experts know that it has taken hundreds of
• 2、矿物燃料每年释放52亿公吨二氧 化碳进入大气，同时热带森林的燃烧 大约释放出18亿公吨二氧化碳——这 两方面都对二氧化碳的集结产生作用， 因而会引发温室效应。
• 【译文】Fossil fuels set off 5.2
billion metric tons of CO₂ into the
aical forests emits roughly 1.8
• 【译文2】“you’re a nice one!” she said. “you made me mix all this ink for you this morning, sat down in a state of great enthusiasm, wrote just three characters, threw down the brush again, rushed out, and left me waiting here all day for you to come back and finish. Now you just sit down here and use this ink up, and perhaps I’ll let the matter pass!”(霍 克斯 译)
• 【点评】原句虽然较长，但分析后不难得出句意 间的因果关系。先是总述其结果，其后是句子的 原因状语“因为经济上不去”，最后又做了详细 的分述。句子中这种先果后因的顺序正好与英语 思维一致，因此我们可以采用顺译法来处理此句 中的状语成分。
长句的翻译(英译汉)
大学存在的意义和目的不外乎使作为主修某专业的 你们以及作为人的你们能接触到你们的思想需要接 纳的人类思想。这样说的时候，我坚信自己道出了 人文学院全体教师以及专业学院全体教师的心声。
Homework
1、While field visits are complex，time-consuming and relatively costly, they make it much easier to identify inequities in levels of financing and performance across a country and to showcase good local practice.
两代人（即年轻人和老年人）之间的冲突似 乎是所有冲突中最愚蠢的。这样的冲突不过 是现在的自己和将来的自己的冲突或过去的 自己和现在的自己之间的冲突。
2、Anyone considering taking part in the transformation of those forms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory, so that they should be more in tune with the changing times, and anyone who does not quail at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function, will find spiritual kinship, observing Borromini’ buildings.
翻译理论与实践[汉译英]汉译英-长句的处理
长句的处理Ⅰ. Put the following long sentences into English, paying attention to their structures.1．我厂生产的112升和145升电冰箱，造型美观，质量可靠，噪音小，耗电少，使用方便安全。
2．当前我们迫切需要有一个装备优良、人员齐备、按照安全保护原则、本着一丝不苟的精神建立起来的先进核能实验室。
3．本厂已有35年生产丝绸服装的历史，其产品远销全球50多个国家和地区。
完全真丝，质量上乘，做工精细，款式新颖，光滑柔和，耐洗耐晒，永不褪色，舒适高雅，女士必备。
如欲购买，尽快联系。
4．本厂产品质量稳定可靠，深受用户欢迎。
从1979年以来，获纺织部和省市奖的产品共达84种。
我们将遵循“质量第一”、“用户至上”的原则，热忱地为用户服务。
5．知识分子是工人阶级中掌握科学文化知识较多的一部分，在改革开放和现代化建设中有着特殊重要的作用。
能不能充分发挥广大知识分子的才能，很大程度上决定着我们民族的盛衰和现代化建设的进程。
6．历史业也已证明，人类对资源的认识、开发和利用的，以及制造生产工具利用资源的能力，是社会生产力发展水平的重要标志，也在一定的程度上决定了一定的社会基本结构和发展形态。
7．信息技术是在微电子、计算机和现代通讯技术基础上发展起来的一门高科技，具有信息采集、传输、处理和信息服务等一系列功能。
现今已能在一片8英寸的芯片上集成5亿个电子元件，其宽度仅为0.2503微米；微机的信息处理速度已达每秒近亿次以上；计算机虚拟技术将大大拓宽信息技术应用的范围。
8．提高我国的科技水平，必须坚持独立自主、自力更生的方针。
但是，独立自主不是闭关自守，自力更生不是盲目排外。
科学技术是人类共同创造的财富。
我们不仅因为今天科技落后才需要向外股学习，即使我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平，也还要学习人家的长处。
Key: 1.将“造型美观，质量可靠，噪音小，耗电少，使用方便安全”用一个主谓结构译出。
中译英技巧-长句翻译(附课后练习及答案)
长句含多层意思时分译，使关系更 清晰
• 我们工厂引进了最先进的工艺和设备来提高 印花行业的技术， /我们倡导高科技和高生产 力，//产品质量稳定，///花样美观， /另外我 们还坚持高产低耗的原则。 • Our factory has enhanced the printing technology by bringing in the most advanced workmanship and equipment. We advocate sophisticated technology and high productivity. Our products enjoy stable quality and beautiful patterns. In addition, we adhere to the principle of low cost and high output.
•
• 这种经营方式的特点是共同投资，共同管理，共 负盈亏，可使双方的关系更为密切，协作更为加 强，对双方都是有利的。 • The features of this form of business are joint investment, joint management and joint share in profits and losses. These will be beneficial to both parties in that their relation will be more close and the cooperation be strengthened.
父亲毕竟比她多吃了几年盐, 她的男朋友 是什么样的人, 父亲一看就知道。 After all , father has eaten more salt than she over the years. He will be able to tell at a glance whether her boyfriend is a man of character. （worldly-wise)
中译英技巧-长句翻译
上海大众汽车公司是一家中德合资企 去年汽车产量为十万辆， 业 ， 去年汽车产量为十万辆 ， 预计今 年产量可再增加五万两。 年产量可再增加五万两。 Shanghai Volkswagon, a GermanSino joint venture which turned out 100,000 cars last year, is expected to increase production by 50.000.
长句的翻译
汉语与英语构句的不同特点
英语长句结构： 英语长句结构： 主语+谓语 谓语+修饰语 主语 谓语 修饰语 并列成分或并列句 短语或从句 英语主谓关系非常明显， 英语主谓关系非常明显，其他成分 通过各种手段（介词、连词、 通过各种手段（介词、连词、关系 代词、关系副词） 代词、关系副词）同主谓成分挂钩
父亲毕竟比她多吃了几年盐, 父亲毕竟比她多吃了几年盐 她的男朋友 是什么样的人, 父亲一看就知道。 是什么样的人 父亲一看就知道。 After all , father has eaten more salt than she over the years. He will be able to tell at a glance whether her boyfriend is a man of character.
另一种态度, 学习的时候用脑筋想一想,学那些和 另一种态度 学习的时候用脑筋想一想 学那些和 我国情况适合的东西, 即吸取对我们有益的经验, 我国情况适合的东西 即吸取对我们有益的经验 我们需要的是这样一种态度。 我们需要的是这样一种态度。 The other attitude is to use our heads and learn those things which suit our conditions , that is , to absorb whatever experience is useful to us. That is the attitude we should adopt .
汉译英长句翻译(Unit)
要点二
翻译技巧
在处理定语从句时，可以采用前置法、后置法或融合法， 根据修饰对象和语境选择最合适的翻译方法。
长句中的被动语态
被动语态的翻译
被动语态在汉译英长句中也是一个难点。汉语中被动语 态的使用不如英语普遍，因此需要特别注意被动语态的 翻译。
翻译技巧
在处理被动语态时，可以采用被动语态、主动语态或省 略被动语态的翻译方法，根据语境选择最合适的表达方 式。
在汉译英长句中，条件状语从句的翻译也是 难点之一。需要准确理解并表达出条件关系 ，并使用适当的连词和时态。
翻译技巧
在处理条件状语从句时，可以采用直译法、 意译法或省略法，根据语境选择最合适的翻
译方法。
长句中的定语从句
要点一
定语从句的翻译
定语从句在汉译英长句中也是常见的难点之一。定语从句 通常用来修饰名词或代词，需要准确传达修饰关系。
长句中的名词性从句
名词性从句的翻译
名词性从句在汉译英长句中也是一个难点。名词性从 句可以包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等，需要 准确传达含义。
翻译技巧
在处理名词性从句时，可以采用直译法、意译法或调 整语序的方法，根据具体情况选择最合适的翻译方法 。
04 汉译英长句翻译实践
汉译英长句翻译实例一
汉译英长句翻译的基本原则
准确性
确保译文忠实于原文，准确传达原文的意义 和信息，不出现歧义和误译。
流畅性
使译文流畅自然，符合英语表达习惯，易于 理解和接受。
文化敏感性
尊重原文的文化背景，保持原文的文化特色， 避免因文化差异造成误解。
语言规范化
使用规范、准确的英语表达，符合语法规则 和习惯用法，避免出现低级语言错误。
词义选择与引申
英汉互译实践与技巧课后答案解析
英汉互译实践与技巧课后答案UNIT1Make a comparison between the English word “send” and the corresponding Chinese character “送”, trying to have a thorough command of them.Send = 送1.Your luggage will be sent up very soon.你的行李很快就送过来了2.They have sent a wreath.他们送了一个花圈3.He was given a big send-off at the station.他在平台受到隆重的欢送4.They are now sending their children to college, too.他们也在送孩子上学Send = 送?1.Who send the letter?谁捎来的信2.Have you sent off the order?订单发出去了吗3.Please send him in.请叫他进来4.He sends words that he wouldn’t be coming.他带信来说，他不来了5.Could you send sb. to help us?你能派人来帮助我们吗6.Please send the goods by air.请用航空发货7.The shot sent the birds flying away.枪声惊飞了一群鸟8.Send for the doctor, please.请叫医生来送= send?1.送某人一本书give sb a book2.送礼present a gift to sb3.送信deliver a letler4.送客see a visitor out5.送行see sb off6.送雨伞bring sb a unbrellar7.送命lose one’s life8.送孩子上学take a child to school9.送某人回家escort somebody home10.将卫星送上天launch a satellite11.送葬take part in funeral procession12.送罪犯上法庭审判hand the criminal over to the court for trialUNIT21.Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light thelight with the light green shade盗贼为了穿过房间，必须借助光源的照射，于是他蹑手蹑足的点燃了一盏灯，然后借着微弱的绿光走出了屋子。
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• 你可能知道中国一向坚持开放政策并对引 进国外投资采取积极立场，以在平等互利 的基础上与其他国家扩大经济合作和技术 交流。
• You are probably aware that China has always persisted in an opening up policy and taken a positive stand to attract foreign investment, with a view to expanding economic cooperation and technical exchange with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.
概括句+具体细节
• 农民的生活水平不断提高，大部分农民已解决 了温饱问题，不少农民已过上小康生活。
• The living standard of farmers has been continuously improving. The majority have solved the problem of food and clothing and quite a few have already been moderately better off.
父亲毕竟比她多吃了几年盐, 她的男朋友 是什么样的人, 父亲一看就知道。 After all , father has eaten more salt than she over the years. He will be able to tell at a glance whether her boyfriend is a man of character. （worldly-wise)
• 上海大众汽车公司是一家中德合资企 业，去年汽车产量为十万辆，预计今 年产量可再增加五万两。
• Shanghai Volkswagon, a German-Sino joint venture which turned out 100,000 cars last year, is expected to increase production by 50.000.
1. 许多人都说他是个笨蛋, 但果真如此吗? Many people say he is an ass. But is that so ?
2. 应当承认, 每个民族都有它的长处, 不然它为什么能存在? 为什么能发展?
It must be admitted that every nation has its strong points. If not , how can it survive ? How can it progress ?
• Set up four years ago, and under the Industrial Technology Development Center of Shanghai, this Enterprises helps to coordinate and assist subordinate enterprises in updating production technology, transforming olds, as well as taking part in capital investment.
长句的翻译
汉语与英语构句的不同特点
• 英语长句结构： 主语+谓语+修饰语 并列成分或并列句 短语或从句
• 英语主谓关系非常明显，其他成分 通过各种手段（介词、连词、关系 代词、关系副词）同主谓成分挂钩
• 汉语连接词相对少，使用频率也低； • 少用介词而多用动词；
• 结构松散，分句间缺乏应有的形式连 接；
• 中国学生很灵, 一挥而就, 洋教师阅后, 评出了最佳作文一篇, 学生们听后大为不 解, 这种文章怎么能被评为“最佳”? The Chinese students , quick at writing , finished the homework at one go and turned it in very soon. He went through the papers and picked the one that he thought the best . When he read it out to the students, they were greatly perplexed. Of all the writings, why did he like this one best?
分译法
• 拆句或断句。汉语句内关系不明 显，英语通过使用连词明确表现 出来。汉语分句可独立成句，因 此英译时
1. 透彻理解原文，体会思路，分析 句子内部关系；
2. 根据英语表达习惯重ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้分译；
含以下句式则分译
• 陈述+疑问、感叹、或反诘句 • 概括句 • 对立句 • 阐述句 • 多层次意义句
陈述+疑问、感叹、或反诘句
• 几千年来，形成老者自以为经验丰富而鄙薄 少年为处事幼稚，而少年自以为活力充沛而 蔑视老者为老朽昏庸，这真是偏颇的见地！
• For thousands of years, the aged, thinking themselves experienced and more skillful, look down upon the young for their greenness in worldly affairs, while the young, thinking themselves fresh in life and more energetic, call the aged old fogies. Either of these views, of course, is far from being impartial.
• 汉语构句注重意义连贯； • 逻辑顺序：时间先后及因果
原序翻译：
• 按原来的句子顺序将原文译成英文， 而且原文是一个长句，译文保持长 句的形式。原序翻译的基础是，中 国人和英美等西方人在思维方式上 存在共性，或者说，汉语原句本身 隐含着树状结构——主从结构。
• 这家实业公司建于四年前，隶属上海工业技 术发展中心，注重协调帮助所属企业进行生 产技术的更新、老厂机制的转换，并且参与 投资。