直接引语变间接引语(宾语从句)讲解与练习(附答案)知识讲解

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直接引语变间接引语(宾语从句)讲解与练习

一.讲解：

在复合句中，作宾语的句子(主谓结构)就叫宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构

成宾语从句。变化时应注意以下几点：

1. 引导词(连词)

①如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that, that没有实际意义，口语或非正

式文体中常省略 e.g He said, My mother is a doctor/' He said (that) his mother was a doctor.

②如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用ifo不能省略 e.g Are you

English?" He asked me^He asked me if I was English.

③如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，女口：what

when where which who how 等，这些词有意义,不能省略：eg Aow old are you ? " He asked me^ He asked me how old I was.

二•间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语…)，肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does) e.g.

She asked, What does he want?" -^She asked what he wan ted.

He asked me , a Do you like English? ” He asked me if I liked English.

三.时态的变化：

1. 如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。基本

原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过

去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg:

①He asked me, " Do you have a diction ary? ” He asked me if I had a diction ary.

②She asked, "What is Tom doing? -^She asked what Tom was doing.

③She said , "I will leave a message o n his desk." She said that she would leave a message on his desk.

2. 如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。则无论主句用什么时态，间接引语中的宾

语从句一律使用现在时。eg:① The teacher said to us, "The earth goes round the

sun. ” -^The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun② He said, “ Light

travels faster than sound. ” He said that light travels faster than sound.

四.人称的变化与汉语中的情况大体相同，指示代词，时间状语和动词的变化见课本第99页的

表格。

五.练习：I选择填空。

()1 .He said that he __________ speak a little English when he was five.

A is able to

B able

C could

D can

()2.Please tell me where __________ have our picnic tomorrow 。

A we will

B will we

C you are

D will you

()3.Did you hear _________ clearly?

A what he said

B what he says

C what did he say

D how did he said

()4.He wanted to know why __________ up late.

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A did she get

B she got

C does she get

D she gets

()5.Could you tell me _________ from your house to the factory?

A how far it is

B it is how far

C how far it was

D how far is it

()6.Could you tell me if it ____________ t omorrow?

A rain

B will rain

C raining

D rains

()7.Tom asked me __________ E nglish.

A if I likes

B if I liked

C that I like

D that I liked

()8.Our teacher told us the earth ___________ around the sun.

A goes

B go

C went

D going

()9.Do you remember what ___________________ when I came jn?

A Tom is doing

B Tom was doing

C is Tom doing

D was Tom doing

()10.He asked how many pictures __________ 。

A did they draw

B do they draw

C they will draw

D they would draw

()11 .They asked if the teacher __________ them some songs the next week.

A would teach

B had taught

C will teach

D taught

()12.He asked me if I ___________ i n Shanghai.

A live

B lived

C is living

D will live n .句型转换。

1. I don ' t know what to say.

I don ' t know _______________________________________ .

2. "What' s your favorite color ” she asked me.

She asked me what ________ favorite color __________ .

3. a What are you doing? ” Jim asked me.

asked me ______________________________________ .

4 Tom said to me, a You are a good student. ”

Tom told me ___________________________ a good student.

5 He said , "I will go to the Great Wall tomorrow. "

He said that he __________________ to the Great Wall ___________________

6 "Do you like playing football. ” She asked me.

She asked me ___________________________ playing football.

7 "lea n ' t work out this math problem. ” Tom said.

Tom said that ___________________ work out ____________ math problem.

8 He asked Jim, " Where does your pen pal come from? ”

He asked _________________________ pen pal ____________ from.

9. Mary asked Gina, “ Are you ill? ”

Mary asked Gina _______________________________ i ll.

10. Tom said to me , a Pass the ball to me. ”

Tom me the ball to