双筒液压减震器设计

摘要

为改善汽车行驶平顺性，悬架中与弹性元件并联安装减振器，为衰减振动，汽车悬架系统中采用减振器多是液力减振器，其工作原理是当车架(或车身)和车桥间受振动出现相对运动时，减振器内的活塞上下移动，减振器腔内的油液便反复地从一个腔经过不同的孔隙流入另一个腔内。此时孔壁与油液间的摩擦和油液分子间的内摩擦对振动形成阻尼力，使汽车振动能量转化为油液热能，再由减振器吸收散发到大气中。在油液通道截面和等因素不变时，阻尼力随车架与车桥(或车轮)之间的相对运动速度增减，并与油液粘度有关。

发展到今天减振器的结构有了很大的改变，性能也有了极大的提高。通过对减振器的发展历史和发展趋势的深入了解，明确了设计该型减振器的重要性和意义，并设计了一种应用于微型汽车悬架的双筒油压减振器。本文研究的主要问题如下：（1）对双筒式油压减震器的结构设计，结构设计主要是确定减振器的类型、布置形式、安装角度和选用数量，这是进行尺寸设计的基础。

（2）对双筒式油压减震器的尺寸设计，尺寸设计的过程主要包括相对阻尼系数以及最大卸荷力的确定，减振器工作缸、活塞、活塞杆、阀系以及相关零部件的尺寸计算。

（3）完成结构设计与尺寸设计后应对减振器的强度和稳定性进行校核，校核的结果应符合国家相关技术标准。

（4）对双筒油压减震器的结构进行优化设计，这主要是连接件的比较和焊接工艺的优化。

（5）对双筒油压减振器的三维模型建立，包括工作缸、活塞、活塞杆及相关零件的模型建立，和装配方法。

本文的研究成果对减振器的进一步研究有重要的理论和实际应用意义，本文提出的优化方案为实际的生产制造提供一定的理论依据。

关键词：油压式；减振器；优化；阻尼系数；工作缸

ABSTRACT

The shock absorber is an important constituent of automobile suspension; it has a big change in the structure of the shock absorber until now. The performance also had big enhancement. Through the deep understanding of the history and tendency of the shock absorber, we make clear the importance and significance of the designing of the shock absorber, and design a kind of shock absorber which is applied to the suspension of the compact car.The main problems discussed in this paper are as follows:

（1）The design to the structure of the gasification type shock absorber. It mainly determines the types of the shock absorber, layouts, the angle of installing and the quantity of selecting, these are the foundation of the designing of the sizes.

（2）The design to the size of the gasification type shock absorber. It includes relative damping coefficient, the determination of the biggest discharge strength, and the computing of the sizes of work cylinder, piston, connecting rod, valve and related spare parts.

（3）After completing the structural design and the designing of the sizes, the shock absorber intensity and the stability should be checked, the results should conform to the country related technical standards.

（4）The optimization design to the structure of the gasification type shock absorber, which mainly concludes the comparison of connected pieces and optimization of the welding process.

（5）The building of the three-dimensional model of the gasification type shock absorber. It includes the building of the work-cylinder, piston, rod and the relevant parts of the model, and assembly methods.

In this paper, the results of research has important theoretical and practical significance on the shock absorber’s further study, the optimal scheme which put forward in this paper has provided the certain theoretical basis for the manufacturing of the reality production.