《英语二》(课程代码：00015)课程考试大纲
《英语二》（课程代码：00015）课程考试大纲
《英语二》（课程代码：00015）课程考试大纲目录I 课程性质与设置目的II课程内容与考核目标第一章TWO WORDS TO AVOID, TWO TO REMEMBER第二章THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF第三章WALLS AND BARRIERS第四章THE LADY，OR THE TIGERPART I【第五章THE LADY，OR THE TIGERPART II第六章DULL WORK第七章BEAUTY第八章APPETITE第九章A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS第十章STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY第十一章ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TO FLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVION 第十二章GRANT AND LEE：A STUDY IN CONTRASTS第十三章EUPHEMISM第十四章THAT ASTOUNDING CREATOR--NATURE第十五章TEACHING AS MOUNTAINEERINGIII 有关说明与实施要求附录题型举例（I 课程性质与设置目的本课程是高等教育自学考试英语教育（独立本科段）考试计划中的核心课程之一。
设置本课程的目的可以归纳为如下几方面：1．引导学生注意吸收语言材料、扩大文化知识，特别是有关英美的文化知识。
2．通过对文章的思想内容、篇章结构、语言技巧的分析，提高学生对文章的理解、分析及评述的能力。
3．~4．继续打好语言基本功，培养熟练技巧，努力发展学生综合应用英语的能力。
4．本课程重点章节为第2章，第3章，第4章，第5章，第6章，第7章，第8章，第9章，第11章，第12章，第13章，次重点为第10章，第15章，一般章节第1章，第14章。
II 课程内容与考核目标（考核知识、考核要求）第一章TWO WORDS TO AVOID, TWO TO REMEMBER；一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.the background of the story;2.the background of the author;/doc/8515346207.html,anization and development of the text (narrative);4.detailed study of the text;5.Description in Narration二．课程内容：TWO WORDS TO AVOID, TWO TO REMEMBER ;三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of this unit;2. Organization and development of the text (narrative);3. Description in Narration四．考核要求识记： Words and phrases of this unit1. the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person: the quick and spontaneous understanding that makes you a changed person2. fallen through: failed%3. checkered tablecloth: tablecloth marked by light and dark patches4. chewing the bitter cud of hindsight: thinking repeatedly about the painful realization of what had happened5. he still carried a full case load: he still carried a briefcase fully loaded with documents6. They are not identified, of course: Their names are not given7. we might begin to get somewhere: succeed8. There's a perverse streak in all of us: obstinately unreasonable quality9. I shook my head ruefully: regretfully10. substitute a phrase that supplies lift instead of creating drag: use a phrase that provides a feeling of encouragement instead of causing nuisance—11. with an audible click: clearly/without any doubt12. I spotted a cruising cab and ran toward it: taxi moving leisurely about, looking for passengers13. Then I wait for that almost perceptible mental click: the clear signal suggested by the Old man that can almost be felt in the mind领会：1. The Organization and development of the text (narrative);2. Description in Narration简单应用:Sentence structure and rewriting>综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第二章THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1. Some allusions and historical events mentioned in the text(some see notesto the text)—Punic Wars and Quintus Fabius Maximus, Hamlet, Faustian encounters, Jean Kerr, etc.》2. Organization and development of the text;3. Main idea of each paragraph.4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal; (the use of formal style, formal wordsand phrases exaggeration to convey a gay and delightful tone);5. Level of Usage二．课程内容：THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2. Organization and development of the text;{3. Main idea of each paragraph.4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal四．考核要求识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. exhorted: urged strongly2. the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son's mother: found time for3. a habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours: men of importance like Dr. Johnson waiting4. That.…attests to the fact that: proves(5. one of the great Roman generals was dubbed "Cunctator": named humorously6. for putting off battle until the last possible vinum break: until an effective defense deserving a celebration with champagne was ensured7. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edict to Pharaoh: claimed that he had a speech defect, and that he had reasons for8. at an ungodly 6:30 .: unreasonable9. to file for an extension of the income tax deadline: apply officiallythe apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver: warning, suggests unavoidable destructionpostpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to barbershop: as if they will see devilsfor all the trouble procrastination may incur: in spite of~art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military, diplomacy and the law: found almost only in the field of ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling in hand: go over in mind repeatedly and slowly, he had no nattering Telex to order machine guns and fresh troops: fortunately, noisythere is no will, there is a way: there is no will to delay, thereis a way todo so.the higher echelons of business: in the case of higher levels data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction: encourages, doing nothingpoint is will taken: accepted, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymaker in blanks of legalism, compromise and reappraisal: Excessive silly rules, which developed very quickly as a result of the expanding administrative structure and the greater complexityof society, were made to restrict policymakers, who have to be engaged in endless paperwork, mediation and reconsideration^languages are studded with phrases that refer to putting things off: filledare all sorts of rationalizations: reasonskind of subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial: way outside one's conscious awarenessis something of a truism: an undoubted truththat matter: as further concerns the thing mentioned…is the creation of an entree: a small carefully prepared meat dishdesign can mellow and marinate: ripen and matureLord Chesterfield: with all due respect to|领会：1. Some allusions and historical events mentioned in thetext(some see notesto the text)—Punic Wars and Quintus Fabius Maximus, Hamlet, Faustian encounters, Jean Kerr, etc.2. Organization and development of the text;3. Main idea of each paragraph.4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal; (the use of formal style, formal wordsand phrases exaggeration to convey a gay and delightful tone);简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading}综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第三章WALLS AND BARRIERS一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The Chief Personalities of Man2.…3.Einstein’s Chief Personalities: Modesty, Simplicity, etc.4.Description Developed by Examples二．课程内容：WALLS AND BARRIERS三．考核知识点：1. Inductive analysis to help make his proposition logically sound.2. Comparison and contrasts3. Changes that have occurred in people’s notion of money, in the function ofthe bank, and accordingly, in its architectural features —change in the form or design of architecture is the result of a change in people’s attitude.4. Organization and development of the text:《& 2: beginning with quoting his fatherPara 3 & 4: a view of money in the past and now, architectural designs of banksPara 4: function of bankPara 6: classical and new criticism of architecturePara 7 & 9: attitude toward possible hositility from without in primitive and modern worldPara 8 &10: attitude toward privacy四．考核要求识记：/Words and phrases of this unit1. to whom a good deal of modern architecture is unnerving: discouraging2. a tangible commodity: material3. that could be hefted: lifted for making out the weight4. to attract the custom of a sensible man: business patronage5. If a building's design made it appear impregnable: firm enough6. the institution was necessarily sound: in good condition7. the meaning of the heavy wall…dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory: was based on , on}8. the most valuable elements are dash and a creative flairfor the invention of large numbers: vigor and a creative ability9. the door to the vault, far from being secluded and guarded, is set out: not at allolder bank asserted its invulnerability: showed forcefully its freedom from harmis hard to say where architecture ends and human assertion begins: expression of human attitudesare not simply walls but physical symbols of the barriers in men's minds: fears could feel themselves to be in a delimited space: space with fixed limitsundeveloped technology of the period precluded the construction of more delicate walls: made impossible fear of dissolution being the ultimate fear: death/has become questionable: not certainwere dirty, prying, vile, and dangerous: nosy, evilrooms faced not out, but in, toward a patio: inner roofless yardin the intimate activities of a personal as against a public life: rather than rich intricacies of the decorative arts of the period: complex details 21….are as illustrative of this attitude as the walls themselves: illustrate as muchthe conventions of law and social practice: agreementsthe same goes for our homes: is true formay accomplish this function: perform well、who still have qualms about eating…under conditions of high visibility:unpleasant feelingsthat will at least give them a sense of adequate screening:privacy due to separationtoilette taboo being still unbroken: forbidden practicerepeat, it is our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine: In a word, it is our attitudes toward "open plan" and the unobstructed view are consistent with his faith in the eventual solution of all problems: view free from obstruction squarely express 领会：1. Comparison and contrasts2. Changes that have occurred in people’s notion of money, in the function ofthe bank, and accordingly, in its architectural features —change in the form or design of architecture is the result of a change in people’s attitude.:3. Organization and development of the text.简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第四章THE LADY，OR THE TIGERPART I~一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1. General introduction of the story — about how justice is administered bya semi-barbaric king.2. Writing skills and style of the text;3. Literary genre: the short story二．课程内容：THE LADY，OR THE TIGERPART I三．考核知识点：1.（2.Words and phrases of this unit;3.The organization of the text3. Writing skills and style of the text;4. Literary genre: the short story四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of distant Latin neighbors: civilized2. whose ideas were still large, florid, and untrammeled, as became the half of him which was barbaric: sweeping, wild, and unrestrained, and so（3. He was a man of exuberant fancy: wild and excessive4. he turned his varied fancies into facts: fancies of different kinds5. He was greatly given to self-communing: in the habit of discussing matters with himself6. his nature was bland and genial: gentle and cheerful7. some of his orbs got out of their orbits: subjects did something wrong8. to make the crooked straight, and crush down uneven places: to execute justice9. his barbarism had become semified: reduced to half of what it used to beminds of his subjects were refined and cultured: improved and cultivated\the exuberant and barbaric fancy asserted itself: showed itspowervast amphitheater…was an agent of poetic justice: perfectowed more allegiance to no tradition than pleased his fancy: stuck to no tradition except that whichfiercest and most cruel that could be procured: obtained with effortiron bells were clanged: sadslowly their homeward way: moved over a distance17….should have merited so dire a fate: dese rved so terrible most suitable to his years and station: social rank"interfere with his great scheme of: to stop20. retribution and reward:, deserved punishmentmaidens blowing joyous airs: tuneswedding was promptly and cheerily solemnized: performed in a manner of formal religious ceremonyinnocent man, preceded by children: headedflowers on his path, led his bride to his home: scatteringdecisions …were positively determinate: clearwitness a hilarious wedding: wedding causing wild laughter )element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion which it could not otherwise have attained: and this interest could not have been attained in other waysthinking part of the community: those who did not follow the practice blindly in领会：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2.The organization of the text3. Writing skills and style of the text;4. Literary genre: the short story简单应用:）1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第五章THE LADY，OR THE TIGERPART II一．学习目的与要求[To grasp:1.Brief review of the background — Part I in Unit four, the semi-barbaric kingand his way of administering justice.2.Structure of the text3.Psychological description of the princess;4.How does the author create the intensity of situation5.The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.6.Literary genre: the short story二．课程内容：THE LADY，OR THE TIGERPART II)三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2. Structure of the text3. Psychological description of the princess;4. How does the author create the intensity of situation5. The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.6. Literary genre: the short story四．考核要求：{识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. fervent and imperious as his own: strong and arrogant2. royal maiden was well satisfied with her lover: princess3. ardor that had enough of barbarism in it: eagerness4. waver in regard to his duty in the premises: falter to execute his power in his own territory5. deed with which the accused was charged had been done: romantic affair6. take an aesthetic pleasure in watching the course of events: enjoy watching with excitement7. admittance: right of entrance（8. hum of admiration and anxiety: noise9. Possessed of more power: With10. possessed herself of the secret of the doors: managed to getdamsels of the court: unmarried young women of noble birth12. aspiring to one so far above him: desiring earnestly13. those whose souls are one: who understand each other very well14. lead us through devious mazes of passion: helps us get rid of the control of the confusing feelings and emotions of various kindssoul was at a white heat beneath the combined fires of despair and jealousy: she suffered badly from the torture of despair and jealousy（often had she started in wild horror: been startledthe blessed regions: holy18. futurity: future timedecision had been indicated in an instant: made clear20. anguished deliberation: agonizing self-debating21. presume to set myself up as the one person able to answer it: suppose to regardmyself领会：1. Description of the princess, daughter of the semi-barbaric king;【2. Her love with enough of barbarism for the young courtier of that fineness of blood and lowness of station3. Her combined fires of despair and jealousy;4. Her decision;5. Structure of the text6. The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.7. Literary genre: the short story简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting]2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第六章DULL WORK一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.?2.The organization of the text2. Classical Thetoric二．课程内容：DULL WORK三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2.The organization of the text;3. Classical Thetoric四．考核要求：@识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. assumption that: belief2. eventful lives: lives full of important events3. The opposite is nearer the truth: The fact that people who achieve much are often content with the routine uneventful lives they live4. an unalterable routine: a dull and regular5. transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences: be inspired by seemingly unimportant sudden ideas for the success in great achievements6. what he can do with physiological pressures and hunger: his capacity to suffer illness and hunger7. vexation: discomfort、8. seminal: highly original and influencing the development of future events9. equidistant from：equally distant10. insights: understandings11. inordinate humanness shows itself in the ability to make the trivial and common reach an enormous way: excessive human feature is embodied12. exhausts rather than stimulates: exhausts rather than stimulates creative power 领会：1.The organization of the text2.Classical Thetoric、简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第七章BEAUTY!一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.Definition二．课程内容：BEAUTY三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of this unit;2. The organization of the text;（3. Definition四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. what we have to call--lamely, enviously--whole persons: helplessly2. it was quite paradoxical: seemingly self-contradictory: charming4. One of Socrates' main pedagogical acts was to be ugly: teaching5. we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty: careful about the different aspects of overall excellence-6. We …split of--with the greatest facility--the "inside" fromthe "outside": very easily7. the central place of beauty in classical ideas of human excellence: ancient Greek and Roman8. Christianity set beauty adrift: out of control9. an alienated, arbitrary, …enchantment:, strange and capricious10. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally: questionable in value11. Catholic countries…still retain some vestiges: tracesthe pagan admiration for beauty:, ancient Greek and Roman the detriment of the notion of beauty: which is harmful to#领会：1. The organization of the text;2. Definition简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第八章APPETITE一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.Sentence complexity and rhetorical effect3.Allusion: Oscar Wilde, Irish-born writer. Renowned as a wit in London literarycircles, he achieved recognition with The Picture of Dorian Gray(1891), a novel.He also wrote plays of lively dialogue, such as The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), and poetry, including The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898).4.。
自考英语(二)试题 课程代码00015
自考英语(二)试题课程代码00015全国2001年10月全部题目用英文作答（英译汉题目除外），并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。
PART ONEⅠ.Vocabulary and structure(10 points,1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答案写在答题纸上。
1.Should she come tomorrow,I ______ take her to the museum.［A］can ［B］will ［C］would ［D］must2.Mary of us visited the industrial exhibition,______,to our disappointment,we saw very few high- tech(高技术) products.［A］where ［B］which ［C］as ［D］that3.These networks are on the ______ for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake.［A］eagerness ［B］alarm ［C］alert ［D］guard4.His name will be crossed out from the list ______ he makes the same mistakes again.［A］if ［B］unless ［C］because ［D］though5.With the soaring of prices,a number of young college graduates cannot earn their living,______ supporting their parents.［A］not to say ［B］to say nothing of［C］not saying ［D］saying nothing of6.______ it was raining,many international tourists were having picnics in the woods.［A］In spite ［B］In spite of［C］In spite of that ［D］In spite of the fact that7.The students would not have made so much progress under less ______ conditions.［A］popular ［B］welcome ［C］favourable ［D］prosperous8.Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young man's bed;he ______ heavily.［A］must have drunk ［B］must drink［C］should drink ［D］had to drink9.On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order ______ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices.［A］which ［B］what ［C］that ［D］in that10.______ home,she found that she had left the key at the office.［A］To have arrived ［B］To arrive［C］While arriving ［D］ArrivingⅡ.Cloze Test(10 points,1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
课程编码为00015的英语(二)——试题及答案(共8套)
英语（二）模拟题及答案模拟卷一Ⅰ.V ocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship?A. becameB. becomeC. would becomeD. becomes2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life.A. itB. thatC. whatD. this3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting .A. whileB. afterC. sinceD. as4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________.A. who nobody has confidenceB. in whom nobody has confidenceC. for whom nobody has confidenceD. who everyone has confidence of5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it .A. untilB. if onlyC. in caseD. unless6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair.A. behindB. outC. offD. over7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it.A. come upB. come up toC. come overD. come to8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue.A. say a word withB. have words withC. mention a word withD. have a word with9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over .A. a wayB. wayC. the wayD. its way10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages.A. withB. forC. toD. inⅡ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
自考英语二(00015)第1课 英语二概述+构词法
该部分共10小题。每小题1分，共计10分。
第二部分 阅读选择
该部分要求考生：理解文章主旨和要义，把握文章的基本结构，理解文中说明 要点的事实和细节，作出简单推理和判断，根据上下文推断生词的释义，领会 作者的意图、观点和态度。
将知识归类对比，我们记得才会深刻。
那到底要怎样分类对比呢？ 1、同义词 3、同音词 5、同源词
2、反义词 4、同类词 6、同形词
同义词 choose / select seize / catch / grab / grasp show / display/ exhibit contain/include be able to / be capable of
部分 一 二
三
四 五 六
名称 阅读判断 阅读选择 概括段落大意和补
全句子 填句补文 填词补文 完型补文
题号 1-10 11-15
16-25
26-30 31-40 41-50
七
短文写作
51
题量 10 5
10
5 10 10 1
分值 10 10
10
10 15 15 30
第一部分 阅读判断
该部分要求考生能够理解文中明确表达的概念或细节，推断隐含表达的内容， 理解全文主旨和作者所持观点态度；能够根据上下文推测生词意义，理解句间 关系和语篇结构。该部分短文选自英语国家大众读物及旅游手册、操作说明等 真实语料，根据语言难度作适当调整，对无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词，用 汉语注明词义。所选短文题材覆盖广泛，涉及叙述、说明、议论等不同体裁。
2023年自考英语二试卷与详细答案
全国2023年10月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试题和答案课程代码：00015第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：假如该句提供的是对的信息，选择A；假如该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；假如该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B或C)填在答题纸的相应位置上。
The Stranger Who Changed My LifeIt was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi, looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital, I found a man running down the hospital steps, waving at me.I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. "The Airport，please," he said. As always, I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments, he started saying, "How do you like driving a taxi?""It's OK," I said. "I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.""What do you do?" I asked."I am a doctor at New York Hospital."Many times during long rides, I'd developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help."Could I ask a favor of you?" He didn't answer. "I have a son, 15, a good kid. He wants a job this summer. Is it possible that you get one for him?"He still wasn't talking, and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, he said, "Well, my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. Have him send me his school record."He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him.Robbie sent off his grades the next morning. And gradually this incident was forgotten. Two weeks later, when I arrived home from work, Robbie handed me a letter. He was informed to call Dr. Plum for an interview.Robbie got the job. The following summer, Robbie worked at the hospital again, but this time, he was given more responsibility. Then, he worked at the hospital for a third summer and gradually developed a love of medical profession.Near graduating from college, Robbie applied to and was admitted to New York Medical College. After getting his medical degree, Robbie, the son of a taxi driver, became a doctor at Columbia Medical Center.1.The doctor shouted at the taxi driver for a ride．A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given2.The doctor wanted to go to the railway station by taxi．A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given3.The taxi driver liked talking with his customers.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given4.The taxi driver had two children.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given5.The taxi driver became Dr. Plum’s friend．A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given6.The doctor wrote a recommendation letter for Robbie．A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given7.Robbie joined in a summer research project.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given8.Robbie gradually got interested in medicineA．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given9.Robbie finally became a doctor at New York Hospital.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given10.Big opportunities can come out of ordinary meetings.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given第二部分:阅读选择（第11～15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B、C或D）填在答题纸的相应位置上。
2023年4月高等教育自学考试00015英语(二)答案及解析
2023年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)(课程代码00015)一、阅读判断Why Dogs Bury Their Favorite BonesYou may find it crazy that your dog buries his favorite bone or chew toy, only to dig it up a day or two later, but there is actually a reason behind it---it is simply in their nature. For thousands of years, dogs have buried their bones. The practice itself started long before dogs were even pets when they had to bury bones to survive.When dogs lived in the wild, sometimes food was scarce. If they were able to find food, dogs became very protective of it. Sometimes they would have more bones than they could eat for one meal. To keep other dogs and animals from stealing their bones, dogs would bury them in the ground. When it was time for the next meal, they would dig up their bones and enjoy them again. This would continue until the bones were gone.Even though most dogs have plenty of food to eat today, their instincts sill tell them to bury their bones and favorite toys. They do this to keep other dogs and animals from stealing them, just like their ancestors did. Some dogs keep at least two bones buried at once. When they want to dig up one, they will bury one more. This may leave a backyard full of holes and bones.How do dogs decide where to bury their bones? A dog cannot bury a bone just anywhere. He must first find the perfect spot. This involves using his nose to find a spot that is free from other dogs and animals. Often it is near a tree or a large rock, but it could be anywhere in the yard. Once the dog finds the perfect spot, he uses his front paws to dig a hole, drops the bone in and covers up the hole to protect his treasure.1） Dogs bury their favorite bones or chew toys by nature.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given【正确答案】 A【答案解析】 by nature：天生地，生性。
自考本科【00015】【英语二】
英语（二）讲义【00015】【内部资料】课程介绍一、课程性质英语（二）是高等教育自学考试各专业（英语专业除外）本科阶段的公共基础课。
目录第一部分语法知识 (4)第一单元名词形容词副词介词 (4)第一章名词 (4)第二章形容词 (5)第三章副词 (8)第四章介词 (10)第二单元谓语动词 (11)第一章系动词 (12)第二章情态动词 (12)第三章时态 (13)第四章英语语态 (16)第三单元非谓语动词 (17)第一章动词不定式 (18)第二章分词 (19)第四单元从句 (21)第一章名词性从句 (21)第二章形容词从句（定语从句） (21)第三章副词从句（状语从句） (21)第五单元并列结构 (22)第二部分应对技巧 (24)第一章阅读判断 (24)第二章阅读选择 (28)第三章概括段落大意和补全句子 (33)第四章填句补文 (36)第五章填词补文 (38)第六章完形补文 (40)第七章短文写作 (41)第一部分语法知识第一单元名词形容词副词介词第一章名词一、概念名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：person，phone，China，time二、用法1.名词作主语和宾语。
●Knowledge is power.（知识就是力量。
）●I love English.（我喜欢英语。
)2.名词可以作定语修饰名词①作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等②被修饰的名词变复数时，一般情况下，作定语用的名词不需要变为复数形式。
●a diamond ring(一枚钻戒)●orange juice(橙汁)●English lessons(英语课)3.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词出现时，要么是复数名词，要么前面加限定词，如冠词（a、an或the），不可数名词永远是单数形式。
●He has a girlfriend.（他有一个女朋友。
）●He has two girlfriends.（他有两个女朋友。
201710月自学考试00015英语(二)试题及答案解析
全国2015年10月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试题和答案课程代码：00015第一部分：阅读判断Black FridayEveryone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few people know the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday, most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving（感恩节）. On this day most retail stores open their doors very early－some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday.Black Friday is not as old as many people think. In fact, it is believed that the first Black Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season. In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products sold very well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday. It was so named because the stores were "in the black". This financial term means the stores made a lot of money. However, it was not until around 2002 that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA, countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores.Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am, this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices.1.Many people know the history of Black Friday.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given2.Most stores open their doors for business very early on Black Friday. A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given3.Customers get better service on Black Friday.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given4.Black Friday started in the USA.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given5.The holiday season ends on Black Friday.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given6."In the black" is a financial term.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given7.Black Friday is no longer popular.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given8.People like to shop online on Christmas Eve.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given9.It is possible to get Black Friday discount online.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given10.Things are sold at their lowest prices at 4 am.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given第二部分：阅读选择Living in Brazil（巴西）and SwitzerlandMoving to a different city may seem difficult. You have to change schools and get used to your new home. But you can always go back to that city to visit. When you move to another country, things are different. However, difficult as it may be, the experience can be rewarding.My dad, a Brazilian, is really funny and can make friends quickly. My mom, a Swiss, is usually quiet and a bit shy. She likes to be organized, but my dad never makes plans. She enjoys staying home, but my dad always wants to go out. Swiss and Brazilian－what a mix!After my parents got married, they moved to Switzerland. There they had my brother and me. When I was two, we moved to Brazil. During my childhood we visited Switzerland every year.Many people ask me where I prefer to live: Brazil or Switzerland. It's really hard to answer because I love both countries. Brazil is a big country, with many states and people. There are multiple dialects and many types of foods. People here have beautiful smiles and are always happy，even if they are poor. In the south the climate is cool, but in the north it's hot and humid.Switzerland, on the other hand, is small but beautiful and clean. There are four languages in that tiny country. People there are very different from Brazilians: they are wealthy, independent, and organized. The food is delicious, and of course, the famous Swiss chocolate is great, and the climate is dry and cool.I love both countries. In Switzerland, it's pleasant, calm, and peaceful everywhere. I enjoyed my stay there very much. But now I am happy here in Brazil. I feel excited and at home.11.The author's parents_____.A．share similar interestsB．have different jobsC．have different personalitiesD．enjoy reading books12.When the author was a child, the family used to_____.A．have many good friendsB．move between the two countriesC．speak two dialectsD．visit Brazil from time to time13.The author thinks Brazilians are_____.A．organizedB．independentC．indifferentD．optimistic14.According to the text, Switzerland_____.A．is famous for its chocolateB．has many big citiesC．has a lot in common with BrazilD．is hot and humid15.According to the author, living in two different cultures is a(n)_____. A．appealing ideaB．difficult decisionC．expensive choiceD．pleasant experience第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子More Than One Kind of Intelligence1．You may have heard people mention "IQ" when talking about how smart someone is. IQ stands for "intelligence quotient（智商）". It can help predict how well someone may do academically.2．IQ is just one measure of our abilities. There are many other kinds of intelligence. For example, spatial（空间的）intelligence is the ability to think in 3D. Musical intelligence is the ability to recognize rhythm and tone. Abilities in sports and arts are other types of intelligence. 3．Another important type of intelligence is emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence (EQ for short) is the ability to understand, use,and manage our emotions. Just as a high IQ can predict top test scores, a high EQ can predict success in social and emotional situations. EQ helps us build strong relationships, make good decisions, and deal with difficult situations.4．One way to think about EQ is that it is part of being people-smart. Understanding and getting along with people help us become successful in our lives. In fact, some studies show that EQ is more important than IQ when it comes to doing well in school or being successful at work. 5．Some people are born with good EQ skills; others need to work on them. Everyone can get better if they know what to do. Being able to notice and label everyday feelings is the most basic EQ skills. Being aware of emotions helps us manage our own emotions. It also helps us understand how others feel.16.Paragraph 1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5A．Kinds of intelligenceB．Definition of IQC．Importance of EQD．Definition of EQE．Development of EQ studiesF．Ways to improve EQ skills第四部分：填句补文The Princess DiseaseHave you ever heard of the princess disease? It is a terrible disease.（26）_____It wastes away at one’s social life and people’s tolerance. People with this disease think they are better than everyone else, without a real reason.Jin is a girl who suffers from this disease.（27）_____She thinks she is better looking than her friends and most people she has met. It is, as far as she is concerned, a well-known fact that she dresses better, sings better, and dances better than most people in her school, too. So is Jin justified in believing that she is better than everyone else?（28）_____Of course, she thinks this is because the singing coach hates her, since the coach has bad skin and is jealous of her. She is good at sports, but she isn't the strongest, fastest, or even the best at any of their school's events.（29）_____She, again, thinks it was because of the "haters". After losing, she pretended she'd just run for fun and it was no big deal, but in fact it was a huge deal to her.Jin definitely has the disease. The treatment is to stop being so mean and get a little modesty.（30）_____She might even get rid of this disease if she tries hard enough.26._____ 27._____ 28._____ 9._____30._____A．She is too proud of herself.B．Jin is very popular.C．Then things might become better for her.D．She sings well, but not well enough to be a lead singer.E．It threatens to push one's friends away.F．She ran for class president, but came in third.第五部分：填词补文People Use Technology More, Sleep LessPeople in Britain now spend more time watching TV, gaming, and using their mobile phones and computers than sleeping. A study（31）_____that British people use technology for 20 minutes longer than they spend sleeping. The average UK adult uses technology for eight hours and 41 minutes a day. They（32）_____for an average of eight hours and 21 minutes. One of the biggest（33）_____for this is wi-fi. People can get online almost （34）_____. Many people make telephone calls or surf the web while watching TV. TV is still the most（35）_____activity.The study looked at technology and（36）_____age groups. It found that six-year-olds understand how to use technology at the same（37）_____as 45-year-olds. Another（38）_____was that people understand digital technology most when they are 14 or 15. A doctor said technology is（39）_____the way people communicate with each other. He said we are moving （40）_____from face-to-face conversations because of technology. 31._____A．changingB．reasonsC．popularD．foundE．anywhereF．downG．findingH．levelI．differentJ．awayK．outdoorL．sleep第六部分：完形补文Be GratefulWhether you are a waiter (wait) or a doctor, your job is about serving others and making their life better. We have all（41）_____(have) experiences where someone（42）_____ (work) in their job has lifted us up and made a（43）_____(different) to our day or brought us down and made our day worse. We have all met（44）_____ (real) wonderful people cleaning floors. We have also met people who are not so wonderful but have（45）_____ (amaze) jobs. So whatever you do, be grateful. This doesn't mean you have to stay in a job you don't like, but it（46）_____(help) you develop a more positive attitude. You may not like your job, but you can enjoy being with your（47）_____(colleague). This is something to be（48）_____(thank) for. When you practise（49）_____(grateful), it allows you to develop a more useful outlook and be（50）_____(happy) at your work.第七部分：短文写作51.假设你的美国朋友Mike要去你的家乡旅游，请给他写一封电子邮件，告诉他：近期的天气状况；需要注意的事项；你期待与他见面。
00015英语(二)试题及答案
2012年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷（课程代码00015）PART ONE（50 POINTS）1．Vocabulary and Structure（10 points，1 point each）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1．All theories______from practice and in turn serve practice．A．differB．rangeC．recoverD．originate2．There is little______increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading．A．aimB．useC．valueD．meaning3．what you say now is not______with what you said yesterday．A．insistentB．prevalentC．consistentD．permanent4．Putting prisoners in chains doesn‟t solve the______0f crime，such as poverty or disaffection within society．A．causesB．victimsC．purposesD．increases5．Binary stars，as their name suggests，are twin stars whose position in space______ each other．A．affectsB．expectsC．perfectsD．inspects6．All evidence relevant______the case should be gathered and analyzed．A．withB．toC．fromD．for7．Come what______we‟ll go ahead with our plan．A．canB．needC．mayD．must8．We should______primary importance to the development of economy．A．attachB．convertC．attributeD．contribute9．Examiners who are______to favorites are criticized by many people．A．indifferentB．similarC．equivalentD．partial10．Look for small ways to add activity to your day, like taking the stairs______the elevator or going on a short walk．A．in spite ofB．instead ofC．in terms ofD．in view ofII．Cloze Test（10 points，1 point each）下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
自考英语二00015试题及答案自考答案(供参考)
2021年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二) 试卷(课程代码 00015)本试卷共8页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。
考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必需在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面都可作草稿纸。
2．第一部份为选择题。
必需对应试卷上的题号利用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
3．第二部份为非选择题。
必需注明大、小题号，利用0．5毫米黑色笔迹签字笔作答。
4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。
选择题区第一部份：阅读判断(第1～l0题，每题l分，共10分)下面的短文后列出了l0个句子，请按照短文的内容对每一个句子作出判断：若是该旬提供的是正确信息，选择A；若是该句提供的是错误信息，选择8；若是该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Black FridayEveryone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few people know the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday; most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving (感恩节).On this day most retail stores open their doors very early一some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on BlackFriday.Black Friday is not as ok! as many people think. In fact, it is believed that the first Black. Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products sold very well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday, it was so named because the stores were "in the black". This financial term means the stoics made a lot of money. However, it was not until around 2021 that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA, countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores.Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am, this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices.1. Many people know the history of Black Friday. •A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2. Most stores open their doors for business very early on Black Friday.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3. Customers get better service on Black Friday.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4. Black Friday started in the USA.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. The holiday season ends on Black Friday.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. "In the black" is a financial term.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. Black Friday is no longer popular.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not GivenS. People like to shop online on Christmas Eve.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. It is possible to get Black Friday discount online.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10. Things are sold at their lowest prices at 4 am.A. TrueB. False C Not Given第二部份：阅读迭择（第11--15题，每渔2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项A、B、C、D冲选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑Living in Brazil (巴西）and SwitzerlandMoving to a different city may seem difficult. You have to change schools and get used to your new home. But you can always go back to that city to visit. When you move to another country, things are different. However, difficult as it may be, the experience can be rewarding.My dad, a Brazilian, is really funny and can make friends quickly. My mom, a Swiss, is usually quiet and a bit shy. She likes to be organized，But my dad never makes plans. She enjoys staying home, but my dad always wants to go out. Swiss and Brazilian一what a mix!After my parents got married, they moved to Switzerland. There they had my brother and me. When I was two, we moved to Brazil. During my childhood we visited Switzerland every year.Many people ask me where I prefer to live: Brazil or Switzerland. It's really hard to answer because I love both countries. Brazil is a big country with many states and people. There are multiple dialects and many types of foods. People here have beautiful smiles and are always happy, even if they are poor. In the south the climate is cool, but in the north It's hot and humid.Switzerland, on the other hand, is small but beautiful and clean. There are four languages in that tiny country. People there are very different from Brazilians: theyare wealthy, independent, and organized. The food is delicious, and of course, the famous Swiss chocolate is great, and the climate is dry and cool.I love both countries. In Switzerland, it's pleasant, calm, and peaceful everywhere. I enjoyed my stay there very much. But now I am happy here in Brazil. I feel excited and at home.11. The author's parents___.A. share similar interestsB. have different jobsC. have different personalitiesD. enjoy reading books12. When the author was a child, the family used to___.A. have many good friendsB. move between the two countriesC. speak two dialectsD. visit Brazil from time to time13. The author thinks Brazilians are___.A. organizedB. independentC. indifferentD. optimistic14. According to the text, Switzerland___.A is famous for its chocolate B. has many big citiesC. has a lot in common with BrazilD. is hot and humid15. According to the author, living in two different cultures is a(n)___.A. appealing ideaB. difficult decisionC. expensive choiceD. pleasant experience非选择题区第三部份：归纳段落大意和补全句子(第16—25题，每题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：⑴从第16~20题后所给的6个选项中为第1~5段每段迭择1个正确的小题目；⑵从第21~25题后所给的6个选项中迭择5个正确选项，别离完成每一个句子。
2015年10月自考英语二（00015）试题及答案解析
2015年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二) 试卷(课程代码 00015)本试卷共8页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。
考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2．第一部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
3．第二部分为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。
选择题区第一部分：阅读判断(第1～l0题，每题l分，共10分)下面的短文后列出了l0个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择8；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
非选择题区第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(第16—25题，每题l分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第l6～20题后所给的6个选项中为第1～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
请将所选项对应的字母写在答题卡上。
第五部分：填词补文(第31—40题，每题l 。
5分，共15分)下面的短文有l0处空白，短文后列出l2个词，其中l0个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，请将所选项对应的字母写在答题卡上。
第六部分：完形补文(第41～50题，每题l ．5分，共l5分)下面的短文有l0处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的 形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。
（英文版）easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the < code > and < rule >, lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management , strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the < code > and < rule > is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do comply with < > and < >. To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to thesupervision of "concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing" three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the < code > as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement < >, do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to draw the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have enough time to reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusioned after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire,some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, completely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Don't always take everything back to things, and don't get into a blind alley, don't want to face, don't be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, I'm afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell don't 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one cansympathize with you, have mercy on you. Y ou cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth,Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to open one's mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also don't envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but never know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, ma'am, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, don't envy him A sum of, don't lose your life and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things.14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are, you cannot change also can't let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance ofsuffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate of the end. Why is too rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of obsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sailing, please don't despair, the coast is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, life will always be endless trouble, please don't helpless, because they are still alive, is still a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to get, must work to; but the most important is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is choose to be happy. The complex world like aSignificance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, outside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep knowledge of living it to pay the price. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the joy. Suffering and joy is their own choice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let the past be the past, let the future come. Life is really the end of the end of an eagle is flying wings, life is constantly pursuit. Don't miss to regret, don't wait for old just miss. Time to return, seize every moment, again painstakingly again tired also Those struggling to fly. 23, life could not Yimapingchuan, even flatpavement, inevitably there will be a few pieces of roadblocks. Some of the rocks around the past, while others have to move it out. Just move others put the stone is very easy, because the stone from the appearance we can discern; difficult to myself to move away the heart of stone head. Leave time to spend with her, often reflect my heart, so as to remove your heart of stone. 24, everything does not have to be demanding, come to, everything does not have to care about, over the past; failing to do not frown, laugh it laugh. Results Don't demand, do to; life is a simple, calm and peaceful. Always not to choose their own path and regret, life is like a train, the scenery and then the United States will retreat, the passage of time and encounter will eventually drifting further and further away, before is always himself. 25, everyone has a weakness, weakness is true humanity. That has no weakness, a shallow person. That people think there is no weakness, mostly false. Life has shortcomings, there are shortcomings is the real life. That no one regret, or childish or numbness or Self deception. It is in tolerance of weakness and so on to accept, people live happily.Hello, everyone! I am a party member. The title of my speech is: < study and implement the party's two laws, doing practical play highway. 2015 October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the implementation of the < the probity of the Communist Party of China self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Partydiscipline and punishment regulations. We Heyuan male passers-by to respond positively to the call of the Central Committee of the party, earnestly organize the study "party two regulations", truly grasp the essence and gist, and in their respective positions, to hold the bottom line of the discipline, build a strong ideological line of defense, with the courage to play, the courage to fight tough and fearless spirit, at the crucial moment well to complete the task, with practical action to test the study and implement effect Because of discipline in the * * * * * * * * * * * story. Here, let me to cast a brick to attract jade, speak about our highway. Highway line section of the road surface transformation project, last year "towards the country seized" will be seized one of the items. To complete this arduous task, as a project management office director Comrade, keep in mind from the Communist Party membership, recognize and identify the "bottom line", strict management, and strict adherence to the quality of the project. He not only set an example, honesty and self-discipline, but also requires the management of all the members of the O.K., do not eat the construction unit one meal, do not accept the construction unit a ceremony. In this way, they didn't really dare to adhere to the principle. No comrade, constantly put on reworking an emergency meeting to Comrade Zhen to speak louder, management tube too strict. Remember in Dongguan Street, 400 meters long cement concrete surface layer, because of various reasons, the smoothness of the poor in the bottom cavity, covering film traces andcar imprinting quality problems, * * * inquiries, immediately rushed to the scene to understand and verify the situation, the convening of the management office, the construction units, supervision units, construction units, construction units construction time is tight, the economic loss and other reasons to intercede ******** unmoved. He said, "now a popular word, to the discipline and rules quite in front, there are no rules Radius, you construction team not accordance with the technical specifications, quality problems, it must be to carry out rectification. Engineering quality responsibility be weightier than Mount Tai, if we manage to this matter Pavement quality quantity are placed the matter, we this time to learn two regulations have what use? Still what is the Communist Party? "Finally, in his insisted, the road after rework, to solve these problems. In the construction of the new comrades and the project all the colleagues efforts, after four months of fighting, the project the main project was finally completed and passed inspection. Thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles Piao, this is a splendid and romantic scene. But snow for the highway, it is a disaster, a serious threat to the traffic safety. This year, a month, a century of cold wave swept from North to south, and the snow blowing to Guangdong, but also to bear the blow To * * * * the highway. In January on the evening of 23, Lianping county city temperatures dropped to minus 2 degrees, a wide range of sudden rain sleet, before and after the provincial S341 line in Jiulianshan Mountain tunnel sections of the road appeared inthe snow, lead to the passing vehicles skid, traffic is blocked. In the face of the sudden natural disasters, city and county highway department immediately launched the emergency plan for disaster prevention. As the front line of the main force, Lianping Highway Bureau of all Party members and cadres to remember the Party member responsibility, braving the biting cold wind, the first time rushed to the scene, on the icy pavement of salt disposal. Because the temperature is too low, just melt water immediately freezes, addition to the ice work to increase the difficulty. To ensure In addition to the re organization of the depths of the traffic safety, road people braved the icy put reflective cones and warning signs, endure cold at minus 2,3 of Jiulianshan patrols until one in the morning. Just before dawn, Lianping Highway Bureau personnel on the icy road salt ice melting processing until ten o'clock, ice melting ice success, the road gradually returned to normal traffic. In the cold winter night, which people do not miss the warm bed, which people do not miss the warm home. However, our highway on the road to the owners of the masses can go home early, the night fighting to secure the avoidance of the road safety and smoothness, fulfill their responsibility. Xi General Secretary Every Party member cadre cautioned against said: blacksmith needs self hard "." two regulations ", is our own hard standard test, more exercise every party members and cadres of the fire. We should continue to strengthen the party two regulations, conscientiously in practical work, practical play road, theroad for the development of the cause of Heyuan and struggle.In the industry domain report the situation of road traffic in recent years, in the province highway departments of the concern and support, our bureau management department based on the job, loyalty duty, best service, to further promote the highway management standardization, legal, scientific and information technology to improve the management level and service quality. This will be my last work is as follows: first, around the center, go all out to greet the seizure in 2015, "meet national examination" is my bureau work. As the highway management department, we focus on the work of the center to strengthen road renovation and management as the focal point, further optimize the service environment, improve service levels. Inspection, the inspection group and the Ministry of transport, the Bureau under the leadership of the ministries and agencies highly evaluated and fully affirmed. (a) increase road area remediation efforts. The programme of work, strengthen the organization and leadership. The timely development of the city of <*** common trunk highway area environment remediation plan >, along the road signs and markings, traffic safety facilities, on both sides of the green, advertising signs, control area illegal construction and implementation of remediation tasks to the relevant departments, clear work time of the node to ensure rectification work timely. Set up road area special rectification workleading group, implement a bureau, the Bureau of the county (District), the project road site domain environment comprehensive improvement Mechanism. To ensure that the work carried out smoothly, the bureau also organized the city road managers participated in the regulation of road region and the relevant laws and regulations of the special training. 2. Active butt joint is reported, actively strive for the support of. Local Party committee and government support is the jobAs a magic weapon, I am one of the Bureau of the principal leaders repeatedly attack inspection "remediation and road area to the principal leaders of the municipal report. * * *, the Secretary of municipal Party committee, mayor * *, * * *, vice mayor of many times the rate of the relevant departments directly under the responsible person in-depth National Highway G105 line, G205 line, provincial S341 line and the other highway project site, on-site office, coordination solve engineering construction and environmental comprehensive renovation in the presence of difficulties and problems. Last year, national highway along the county (District) government led organizations deploy traffic, urban management, public security, land, environmental protection, industry and commerce, highways and other related departments, to carry out to dismantle illegal construction and ground structures, cleaning up illegal standard Records label "as the main content of the road domain integrated environmental remediation activities and achieved good results. 3. Pay attention tocomprehensive management, improve the effectiveness of remediation. Road construction control management has been strengthened. According to the relevant provisions of the laws and regulations of the < Highway Law > and < highway safety regulations for the protection of > and so on, county * *, * * County People's Government on highway construction control area were delineated and issue a public notice, * * County People's government also approved by the executive meeting of the government through discussion, implementation of road boundary markers of 73 million yuan of special funds input, stake setting. According to statistics, last year the city has erected building control zone peg 820, construction control area boundary markers 815 . the second is highway greening and beautification work enhance the road area remediation effectiveness. Will highway greening and beautification work as road area remediation of a key, invite garden experts to guide the design of green, the implementation of high standards for ecological landscape highway activities to create, five years, I board greening mileage of more than 900 kilometers, appropriate road greening greening rate of 100%, effectively enhance the city road greening level and grade, adds a sharp scenery line for **********. Third, rectification of illegal construction and occupation of the road has been checked. By through the town, crossing the road on many occasions to carry out concentrated rectification actions, to clear the remnants of the wall, broken Archives of highways in strict accordance with the wall ofbuilding structures and the illegal deposits, remediation along the Jeeves, Jeeves placed advertisements and vehicle maintenance, car washing and other acts, standardize and purification on both sides of the highway billboards and other non road signs, I city of national and provincial highway basic elimination of the "dirty, chaotic, poor, blocking phenomenon, highway traffic environment purification, landscaping. (2) to strengthen the management on the basic data management. The level of the archives management regulations, formulate the < file management system >, the establishment of the road, the implementation of the file manager, file collection, filing, sorting, filing, confidentiality, custody, borrow, identification pin Destroy the standardization. 2, standardized management, enhance service image (a) evaluation system to further improve in order to strengthen and standardize guidance and assessment of each county (area) bureau of highways management work, the Bureau developed a <*** City Highway Bureau highways management assessment implementation measures (Trial). To regularly check for half a year, year-end assessment and irregular random sampling combined, taking the spot road inspections, sampling sections, listening to the reports, archives data check, for each county (area) bureau of highways management work implementation of the special assessment. According to the annual comprehensive assessment appraisal score results, evaluation of outstanding, excellent compliance and Not up to the standard of fourgrades. And in accordance with the level of assessment, the award on behalf of dial highway management funds. Total score is above 95%, is excellent, 10 million yuan reward; total score of 90 - 94 for excellent, 8 million yuan reward; for the total score of 80 - 89 points for standard, reward 50000 yuan. On the total score is less than 79 points for non-compliance unit, circulate a notice of criticism. (II) Sheung inspection work to further standardize a is in place to ensure the inspection. National and provincial trunk highway patrol monthly not less than 20 days, State Road a week of not less than 3 times, dart a week of not less than 2 times. The second is to explore and promote the electronic patrol monitoring.City highway patrol vehicles are installed on the highway patrol vehicle monitoring system; highway law enforcement personnel are equipped with a recorder for law enforcement, on the process of supervision and law enforcement to ensure evidence has played an effective role. The third is unified and standardized inspection ledger records, inspection equipment use and management of the electronic Patrol information storage utilization. The fourth is the establishment of highway maintenance and inspections mechanism. The city's 19 country and provincial trunk highway maintenance center equipped with the CPPCC keeper, and to develop a road of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference tube member responsibilities. According to statistics, in 2015 (on the road. Day.... Stop the road mileage, 17 cases; clean up debris onboth sides of the road 20 , demolition billboard 30, demolition chaotic scaffolding house 3, clean Lane Hawking 15.) (3) road permit work to further strengthen the implementation of administrative licensing system, strengthen the supervision and administration of the licensing. Strict implementation of the < Guangdong Province highways license implementation measures >. According to the provisions of the road approval procedures and processes to carry out road license, do according to the law, the license in accordance with the law, shall be subject to examination and approval of the. Implement the collective examination and approval, to strengthen supervision. Highways and approval of business implementation of technical review of administrative approval and separation, the audit focused on the more complex involved in the road licensing matters, collective decision-making, to improve the scientific nature of the road administrative examination and approval, reduce approval corruption risks. Second is to promote the In administrative permission of information technology to improve service quality. According to the <*** Provincial People's Government Office on Issuing 2014 improve and expand the spirit of the relevant documents of the online business hall of program of work notice > and ministries and provincial and municipal government, I realized the butt of Guangdong Province highway information network and provincial network business hall * * * branch office highways licensing examination and approval work.Simplify the licensing process, and strengthen the office system, optimize the quality of service. (4) image of the team to further enhance a is grasp Windows image.2015 years, my bureau highways licensing in the city administrative service center settings window service. According to the <** provincial highway The provisions of the administrative licensing service window management way > and < on regulating the content of the public notice >, I Bureau for damaged highway capacity compensation standard, occupied by highway repair (lost) compensation expenses standards, in accordance with the law of administrative licensing items, the communications administrative license implementation procedures into the line on the wall publicity, in the service window is equipped with all kinds of application fill in sample, administrative licensing service guide brochure, in a conspicuous place public commitment to the system and advisory telephone complaints, for the masses provides warm and thoughtful service. Second is to grasp the "Four Unifications" working in the city's highway law enforcement image. According to the Ministry of transport < to strengthen transportation administrative law enforcement image construction guidance Scheme > and the ministries of the Provincial Bureau of the relevant documents, I board in front of the June 2015 completed the identification of law enforcement, law enforcement station appearance, clothing of law enforcement, law enforcement documents "four unification". (5) the AILU nursing atmosphere further formation of。
00015英语二考试大纲
有关“英语二”的考试大纲
英语二考试大纲是针对英语二考试所制定的考试标准和要求的详细说明。
有关“英语二”的考试大纲如下：
1.语言知识：要求考生掌握约3500个英语词汇和短语，包括基本语法和句型结构。
2.阅读理解：考生需要能够理解各类文章，包括说明文、议论文、新闻报道等，并能够根
据文章内容进行推理、判断和总结。
3.翻译：考生需要能够将英文文章翻译成中文，同时能够将中文文章或段落翻译成英文。
4.写作：考生需要能够撰写不同类型的英文文章，包括信函、通知、报告等，并能够表达
自己的观点和想法。
5.听力：考生需要能够听懂英语口语，包括日常对话、新闻报道等，并能够理解说话者的
意图和态度。
6.口语：考生需要能够用英语进行口头表达和交流，包括自我介绍、发表观点、讨论问题
等。
00015自考英语试卷（答案全面）
00015⾃考英语试卷（答案全⾯）⾃考综合测验英语(⼆) 试卷（课程代码 00015 ）⼀、阅读判断（每⼩题2 分，共20分） Life on the Farm Life on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up. Technology has made most aspects of farm life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before. In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require. Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what it has always been, Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are still animals to feed, cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed, Farm life still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice. The main change in modern farm life is in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever. 1. Factory farms now produce most of the products. A. True B False C. Not Given 2. Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food. A. True B False C. Not Given 3. Small family farms find it hard to survive. A. True B False C. Not Given 4. Plowing and sowing by machines are advances in modern farming. A. True B False C. Not Given 5. Modern farm products cost more than those from traditional farming. A. True B False C. Not Given6. Most farmers cannot afford new machines.A. True B False C. Not Given7. Modern farmers do not have to work hard.A. True B False C. Not Given8. New technologies have not changed farm management.A. True B False C. Not Given 9. There are fewer and fewer family-run farms now. A. True B False C. Not Given10. Modern farms are hiring workers from cities.A. True B False C. Not Given⼆、阅读题（每⼩题2分，共10分）Christmas GiftMary didn't know what to send to her grandparents for Christmas. It was always hard to choose a good Christmas present for them. They didn't need much, and it was hard for her to be creative every year. One year, she sent them a big wooden elephant. It sat on the counter for a year, but then it disappeared, probably into a closet somewhere. Another year, she made handmade soaps with nice smells,but they probably weren't any better than store-bought soaps. Last year, she sent lots of nice pictures of herself in frames, but grandparents' house was small, and they couldn't hang up very many. This year, she decided on fruit. She lived where it was warm and there was lots of nice fruit. Her grandparents lived up north, where it was colder and they couldn't get fresh fruit all year, orat least not oranges and grapefruit. Fresh fruit was healthy for her grandparents, too. Mary went to a fruit store and sampled the red oranges. She really liked them and bought a kilogram.Then she tried three kinds of grapefruit. The white ones were sour. The star grapefruit were interesting, but the dark red grapefruit were great. So she got a kilogram. Mary carefully packed the fruit in a box to keep them safe and dry in case onegot its juice got everywhere. Then she wrote the address on the box and mailed it from the store. She felt happywith what she bought. A few days later, Mary got a phone call from her grandparents, thanking her for the lovely fruit.They said it was a healthy, tasty, and very thoughtful gift. Mary had never felt so good before. 11. Mary was troubled because she . . .A. had no idea for a holiday giftB. was not creative in her workC. could not afford Christmas giftsD. found her grandma hard to please 12. What did Mary send her grandparents last year?A. A wooden elephant.B. Handmade soapsC. Her own picturesD.A store-bought closet年级班级准考证号姓名13. In selecting the gifts, Mary was . . .A. excitedB. inpatientC. exhaustedD. thoughtful14. Which of the following did Mary buy for her grandparents this year?A. Yellow orangesB. Dark red grapefruitC. White grapefruitD. Star grapefruit15. Mary's grandparents . .A. loved her giftB. sent her a cardC. wrote her a letterD. put her gift away三、词汇题（共20分）根据相应中/英⽂写出对应英/中⽂（每⼩题1 分，共10分）（缩写: n---名词; v---动词; adj---形容词; adv---副词）。
00015 英语二试题(含答案)
2013年10月全国高等教育自学考试《英语(二)》试题课程代码：00015I．阅读判断题(第1—J0小题，每小题1分，共10分)Farms Appear in CitiesWhen you hear the word "farm", you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings--called vertical farming （垂直农业）can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bad weather.Though vertical farms don't exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.That's not to say these difficulties won't be overcome--but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.1. The word "farm" may make you think of the countryside.（）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2. It is still a dream for people to grow crops indoors. （）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3. Scientists at the South Pole research station live a hard life. （）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4. Vertical farming does not need as much land as traditional farming. （）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. Fresh fruits and vegetables are very expensive in cities. （）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. Crops grown indoors would not be badly harmed by insects. （）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. Scientists do not know how to reuse the animal waste in vertical farms. （）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8. Some experts say vertical farming could be difficult. （）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. Indoor plants need the same weather and lighting. （）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10. The first vertical farms appeared 5 years ago. （）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not GivenⅡ．阅读选择题(第11-15小题，每小题2分，共10分)A Good LessonAfter living in Europe for seven years, my parents decided that my family would move to the United States. We all looked forward to this. What would people think of us? For me, I hoped to be the hero of the class.I was not disappointed. All my classmates admired my experience, and I quickly became well known as '~the French guy". t was very popular for a time. However, I was not interested in many things my classmates did, and it was hard for me to connect with them. I enjoyed listening to classical music, never watched TV, and almost never watched movies.I did not have a common background with my friends because I grew up in Europe. I had few friends, and fewer good friends. When I look back now, I realize I was a bit of an idiot to many people around me. I kept talking proudly about my experience. And I thought myself better than those around me because I lived in Europe but they didn't.I had decided I wanted better friends when my parents said that we were going to move again! I saw this as a perfect chance to get better friends, where people did not know of my unkind past.When we moved to California, I did not show off as I had done for five years. I did not tell everyone that I lived in Europe. I still listened to classical music, but I just kept my music to myself. Sure enough, I found that people like someone who is not typical but doesnot boast about it.Nothing can replace good friends, and if I had to control my temper and pride, it was well worth it.11. When I first moved to the US, I was very popular because of my .A. good appearanceB. outstanding talentsC. French accentD. overseas experiences12. I had few good friends partly because I .A. looked down upon my classmatesB. liked listening to classical musicC. never went to the moviesD. came from a very rich family13. The phrase "an idiot" (Line 3, Para. 3) most probably means .A. an actorB. a cheaterC. a foolD. a loser14. When we moved to California, I stopped .A. boasting about my experienceB. talking about people around meC. enjoying the classical music aloneD. making friends with my classmates15. The writer would probably agree that .A. good friends like the same kind of musicB. friends are more important than anything elseC. similar background is the key to friendshipD. a good friend never loses his/her temperⅢ．概括段落大意和补全句子(第16—25小题，每小题1分，共10分)Dormitory Life（1） Living in a dormitory at college can be a great experience. However, if you take no steps to make this experience positive, dormitory life can become a misery. When you choose to live in a college dormitory, you will have a better chance to live a colorful and meaningful life. Meanwhile, you will have to give up many things as well.（2） When you live in a dormitory, you can meet many people with different interests. And you can enjoy the various services there. Both are very important to make you successful at college. But you may have to give up much of your personal space. You will share a room with someone else. This means you need to make peace with the things and people around you.（3） You will have to learn some important life skills. For example, you will learn how to get along with people. You will also learn to ignore things that you can't change. But in the future, you will find these skills very helpful when you are working in the real world.（4）When you live in a dormitory, you can enjoy a wide range of campus services, which are not available to those who live off campus. If you have any school related problems, you have no difficulty finding someone to help, because the school hires people to help the students living there.（5） Besides, living on campus means you don't have to travel to and from school in rush hours. And you are more involved in campus life. For example, you can have a better chance to take part in the club activities and make your own contributions. If you want to live a rich campus life, living in a dormitory is your best choice.Task 116. Paragraph （1）:17. Paragraph （2）:18. Paragraph （3）:19. Paragraph （4）:20. Paragraph （5）:Task 221. If you make no effort, you will .22. Dormitory life means .23. You need to master many skills like how to keep .24. Those who live off campus cannot use .25. Living on campus can save you the trouble of.Ⅳ．填句补文(第26—30小题，每小题2分，共10分)Grandpa My HeroMy grandfather had only one child and that was my mother. He always wanted a son but it never happened. 26 When my mom got pregnant, he thought he finally had a boy in the family, but it turned out that her first child was my older sister. When I was born, Grandpa was very happy.He was the first person to give me a baseball glove and to play baseball with me. My first glove was as small as my whole hand is now. When Grandpa gave me that glove, I was very excited. 27 It was my pride and joy.When I was five, I played on my first baseball team and Grandpa was the coach. He wanted me to play one position, but I wanted to play another. 28 I tried so hard that I made good progress. Grandpa was very proud of me. Ever since then, he has worked with me to make me a better player.Grandpa has helped me become not only a better player, but a better person. 29 Today Grandpa does not play baseball with me so often, but he still comes to every practice and game. He sits and watches my practices through rain and shine. 30 I love him and hope he will be around for many more years to support me and baseball.V．填词补文题(第31～40小题，每小题1．5分，共15分)Protecting the FewHow we live our lives affects the environment. The environment is all the things around you. All across Earth, humans are 31 the environment in small and large ways. We cut down trees to build houses. We plow fields to 32 crops. We pour waste into rivers, lakes and oceans. We use larger nets and bigger boats to catch 33 numbers of fish. Activities like these affect plants and animals. They 34 affect things like the soil and water.Sometimes our actions make the number of a 35 plant or animal get larger. For example, ff you planted roses in your yard, there would be more roses in your area.Our activities can also 36 to a smaller number of plants and animals. If a park were turned into an apartment building, what would happen to the plants and animals there? Well, they would 37 die or move to other 38 . There would be fewer plants and animals.Pollution and other activities sometimes cause the number of a species (物种) to become so 39 that it cannot survive. A species that is in 40 of dying out is called an endangered (濒危的) species.Ⅵ．完形补文题(第41-50小题，每小题1．5分，共15分)The Power of LanguageLanguage is something that defines (define) us as humans. When language is 41 (use) well, it can bring out very deepfeelings in others, and encourage others to take 42 (act). Sometimes in poetry a certain phrase can bring 43 (tear) to the eyes and move us deeply. When we use language to express our true feelings to someone, it can open and 44 (deep) the connection between us. Language is a very 45 (power) tool. How we use language shapes our world. How we use self-talk46 (direct) shapes our experience of both ourselves and the world. How we deliver 47 (communicate) shapes the way the world 48 (respond) to us. We can use language more 49 (effective). And this clearly influences the health and power of our 50 (person) relationships and business relationships.Ⅶ．短文写作题(第51小题，30分)51.答案：某英文报纸正在举办题为“My Favorite Job”?的征文活动。
自考本科段00015英语(二)英语二大纲(四颗星全)
序言本书根据自考英语（二）教学大纲编写，共收录4500词汇。
书中的每个英文单词都添加了标准的英式音标以及每个单词最常用的、一定需要掌握的，且最与大纲要求贴近的中文意思,供您在英语学习以及备考过程中使用,帮助您在复习备考过程中节省时间，有效提高复习效率。
需要特别提醒的是: 本书跟传统词汇书相同之处在于仍然按照字母表顺序,为的是便于您在复习和日常练习过程中快速查找单词；而不同之处在于,编者根据单词的难易程度,把4500个单词分成了四个等级：其中一颗星为最容易, 两颗星,三颗星,四颗星按顺序依次增加难度, 为的是便于您在学习中可以根据自己的水平,分级背诵复习,更好地提高记忆单词的效率.建议大家在开始记忆单词之前,把整个词汇书浏览一遍, 您会发现,在一颗星,两颗星中有很多单词是你非常熟悉因而不用再花时间记忆的,比如:a, about, apple, any等基础词汇。
您可以把这样的单词全部划掉，只留下您需要花时间记忆的单词，这样可以大大节约时间，提高效率。
同时还建议您使用这本大纲词汇进行词汇复习时，不仅关注其拼写方式及中文释义，更应着眼于每个词的词性，对于词性的熟知也是英语（二）考试中夺取高分的关键之一。
希望这本大纲词汇可以在您复习过程中祝您一臂之力，发挥其效果。
一级able [ˈeɪbl] adj. 能够的；有能力的about [əˈbaʊt] prep. 关于；大约above [əˈbʌv] prep. 超过；在…之上accept [əkˈsept] vt. 接受ache [eɪk] n. 疼痛across [əˈkrɔs] prep. 穿过；横穿act [ækt] vt.& vi. 行动；做add [æd] vt. 增加address [əˈdres] n.地址advice [ədˈvaɪs] n. 劝告，忠告advise [ədˈvaɪz] vt. 建议afraid [əˈfreɪd] adj. 害怕的；担心的again [əˈgen] adv. 又；再说against [əˈgenst] prep. （表示态度）反对age [eɪdʒ] n. 年龄ago [əˈɡəu] adv.以前；过去的；之前agree [əˈgri:] vt.& vi.同意，赞同ahead [əˈhed] adv.在前面aim [eɪm] vt.& vi.（以…）瞄准，针对air [eə(r)] n.天空airpor t [ˈɛəpɔ:t] n.机场airway [ˈeəˌweɪ] n.航线also [ˈɔ:lsəu] conj.另外although [ɔ:lˈðəu] conj.尽管；虽然altogether [ˌɔ:ltəˈgeðə(r)] adv.全部地always [ˈɔ:lweɪz] adv.总是，老是an [æn,ən] art.任一某一；一个a.m./A.M./AM [ˌeɪˈem] abbr.上午，午前ahead [əˈhed] adv.在前面aim [eɪm] vt.& vi.（以…）瞄准，针对air [eə(r)] n.天空airport [ˈɛəpɔ:t] n.机场airway [ˈeəˌweɪ] n.航线also [ˈɔ:lsəu] conj.另外although [ɔ:lˈðəu] conj.尽管；虽然altogether [ˌɔ:ltəˈgeðə(r)] adv.全部地always [ˈɔ:lweɪz] adv.总是，老是an [æn,ən] art.任一某一；一个a.m./A.M./AM [ˌeɪˈem] abbr.上午，午前alike [əˈlaɪk] adj.同样的，相似的alive [əˈlaɪv] adj.活着的；活泼的all [ɔ:l] adj.全部的；一切的allow [əˈlaʊ] vt.允许almost [ˈɔ:lməʊst] adv.几乎，差不多alone [əˈləun] adj.单独的；独一无二的along [əˈlɔŋ] prep.沿着；顺着alongside [əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd] prep.在…旁边aloud [əˈlaʊd] adv.高声；大声among/amongst [əˈmʌŋ]在…之内and [ənd] conj. 和，与anger [ˈæŋgə(r)] n. 生气animal [ˈænɪml] n. 动物another [əˈnʌðə(r)] adj. 又一个answer [ˈɑ:nsə(r)] vt.& vi. 答复；解答ant [ænt] n. 蚂蚁apple [ˈæpl] n. 苹果any [ˈeni] pron. 任何；无论哪个anybody [ˈenibɒdi] pron. 任何人anyone [ˈeniwʌn] pron. 任何人anything [ˈeniθɪŋ] pron. 任何东西April [ˈeɪprəl] n. 四月Asia[ˈeɪʃə] n. 亚洲ask[ɑ:sk] vt.& vi. 问，询问asleep[əˈsli:p] adj. 睡着的area [ˈɛəriə] n. 地区；区域arm [ɑ:m] n. 臂army [ˈɑ:mi] n. 军队around [əˈraʊnd] prep. 围绕；在附近arrival [əˈraɪvl] n. 到达，抵达arrive [əˈraɪv] vi. 到达art [ɑ:t] n. 艺术；艺术作品artist [ˈɑ:tɪst] n. 艺术家as[əz] conj. 像，像…一样；由于；同时author [ˈɔ:θə] n. 著作家；作者autumn [ˈɔ:təm] n. 秋；秋天await [əˈweɪt] vt. 等候; 等待August[ˈɔ:gəst] n. 八月（简写为Aug）Aunt [ɑ:nt] n. 阿姨；姨母away [əˈweɪ] adv. 远离; adj. 遥远的baby [ˈbeɪbi] n. 婴儿；幼稚的人back [bæk] n. 背部; adv. 以前；向后地bad [bæd] adj. 坏的，不好的bag [bæg] n. 袋ball [bɔ:l] n. 球banana [bəˈnɑ:nə] n. 香蕉band [bænd] n. 带；乐队bank [bæŋk] n. 银行bar [bɑ:(r)] n. 条，棒bark [bɑ:k] vi. 吠叫baseball [ˈbeɪsbɔ:l] n. 棒球basket [ˈbɑ:skɪt] n. 篮basketball [ˈbɑ:skɪtbɔ:l] n. 篮球bat [bæt] n. 蝙蝠；短棍bath [bɑ:θ] n. 沐浴；洗澡battle [ˈbætl] vt.& vi. 与…作战；n. 战争bean [bi:n] n. 豆bear [bɛə] n. 熊；vt. 忍受；承担beard [biəd] n. 胡须because [bɪˈkɒz] conj. 因为become [bɪˈkʌm] vi. 变为，成为bed [bed] n. 床；苗圃；河床bedroom [ˈbedru:m] n. 卧室，寝室bee [bi:] n. 蜜蜂beef [bi:f] n. 牛肉beer [biə] n. 啤酒before [bɪˈfɔ:(r)] conj. & prep.在…之前behind [bɪˈhaɪnd] prep & adv.在…的后面believe [bɪˈli:v] vt. 相信；以为，认为bell [bel] n. 钟，铃belt [belt] n. 腰带beside [bɪˈsaɪd] prep.除..之外；在…旁边besides [bɪˈsaɪdz] adv.此外2best [best] adj.最好的( good,well最高级) better [ˈbetə(r)] adj. 更好big [bɪg] adj. 大的；重要的bike/bicycle [baɪk]/ [ˈbaɪsɪkl] n. 自行车bill [bɪl] n. 账单bird [bə:d] n. 鸟biscuit [ˈbɪskɪt] n. 饼干black [blæk] adj. 黑的blackboard [ˈblækbɔ:d] n. 黑板block [blɔk] n. 块；街区; vt. 阻止；阻塞blog [blɒɡ] n. 博客blood [blʌd] n. 血，血液bloody [ˈblʌdi] adj. 血腥的，残忍的bloom [blu:m] vi. 开花blossom [ˈblɒsəm] n. 花；开花时期blouse [blauz] n. 宽松的上衣；女衬衫blow [bləu]vt.&vi. 吹;（轮胎）爆炸blue [blu:] n. 蓝色; adj. 蓝色的；沮丧的boat [bəut] n. 小船body [ˈbɔdi] n. 身体book [bʊk] n. 书bor row [ˈbɒrəʊ] vt.& vi. 借入boss [bɔs] n. 老板，上司both [bəuθ] adj. 两者都; pron. 二者bottle [ˈbɔtl] n. 瓶子box [bɔks] n. 盒; vt.& vi. 拳击boxing [ˈbɒksɪŋ] n. 拳击;boy [bɔɪ] n. 男孩，少年brain[breɪn] n. 脑breakfast [ˈbrekfəst] n. 早餐，早饭bridge [brɪdʒ] n. 桥brother [ˈbrʌðə(r)] n. 兄弟bull [bʊl] n. 公牛bus [bʌs] n. 公共汽车，巴士but [bət] conj. 但是; prep. 除…以外buy [baɪ] vt.& vi. 购买，购得cake [keɪk] n. 蛋糕；糕饼cap [kæp] n. 盖；帽子car [kɑ:(r)] n. 车，汽车card [kɑ:d] n. 卡片；纸牌carry [ˈkæri] vt.& vi. 运送；搬运case [keɪs] n. （实）例，事例cat [kæt] n. 猫catch [kætʃ] vt. 赶上；接住center/-tre [ˈsentə] n. 中心chair [tʃɛə] n. 椅子chalk [tʃɔ:k] n. 粉笔cheek [tʃi:k] n. 脸颊，脸蛋child [tʃaɪld] n. 小孩，孩子childhood [ˈtʃaɪldhʊd] n. 童年china [ˈtʃaɪnə] n. 瓷器China [ˈtʃaɪnə] n. 中国Chinese [ˌtʃaɪˈni:z] n.& adj. 中国人(的) chocolate [ˈtʃɒklət] n. 巧克力choice [tʃɔɪs] n. 选择；选择权Christmas [ˈkrisməs] n. 圣诞节church [tʃə:tʃ] n. [宗]教堂cigar [sɪˈgɑ:(r)] n. 雪茄; 叶卷烟city [ˈsɪti] n. 城市class [klɑ:s] n. 班；等级classmate [ˈklɑ:smeɪt] n. （同班）同学classroom [ˈklɑ:sru:m] n. 教室，课堂clean [kli:n] adj. 清洁的v.（使）清洁clear [kliə] adj. 清楚的，明白的clever [ˈklevə(r)] adj. 聪明的，灵巧的climate [ˈklaɪmət] n. 气候climb [klaɪm] vt.& vi. 爬上，攀登clock [klɔk] n. 钟，时钟close [kləuz] adj. 紧密的；亲密的; vt. 关cloth [klɔθ] n. 布，织物clothes [kləuðz] n. 衣服，衣物cloud [klaʊd] n. 云cloudy [ˈklaʊdi] adj. 多云的；阴天的club [klʌb] n. 俱乐部coal [kəul] n. 煤coat [kəut] n. 上衣，外套Coca-Cola [ˈkəʊkəˈkəʊlə] n. 可口可乐cock [kɔk] n. 公鸡code [kəud] n. [计算机]编码；代号coffee [ˈkɒfi] n. 咖啡coin [kɔɪn] n. 硬币cold [kəuld] adj. 寒冷的；冷淡的college[ˈkɒlɪdʒ] n. 大学colo(u)r [ˈkʌlə] n. <美>颜色，色彩come [kʌm] vi. 来computer [kəmˈpju:tə(r)] n. 电脑comrade [ˈkɔmrid] n. 同志；战友concert [ˈkɔnsət] n. 音乐会consider [kənˈsɪdə(r)] vt.& vi. 认为cool [ku:l] adj. 凉爽的；vt.& vi. 变凉copy [ˈkɔpi] n. 复制品；vt.& vi. 复制cord [kɔ:d] n. （细）绳corner [ˈkɔ:nə(r)] n. 角落cottage [ˈkɒtɪdʒ] n. 小屋，村舍cotton [ˈkɔtən] n. 棉；棉线cough [kɔf] vt.& vi. 咳嗽could [kəd] aux. “can”的过去式；能够country [ˈkʌntri] n. 国家countryside [ˈkʌntrisaɪd] n. 乡村；郊野county [ˈkaʊnti] n. 县，郡couple [ˈkʌpl] n. 对，双；配偶course [kɔː(r)s] n. 科目；进程court [kɔ:t] n. 法院，法庭cover [ˈkʌvə(r)] vt. 覆盖，遮蔽cow [kaʊ] n. 奶牛，乳牛cowboy [ˈkaʊbɔɪ] n. 牛仔crop [krɔp] n. 农作物cross [krɔs] n. 十字架; vt. 杂交；横跨crossing [ˈkrɒsɪŋ] n. 十字路口cry [kraɪ] vt.& vi. 哭；喊cube [kju:b] n. 立方形，立方体cup [kʌp] n. 杯子cupboard [ˈkʌbəd] n. 柜橱；食物柜curtain [ˈkə:tn] n. 窗帘，门帘cut [kʌt] vt.& vi. 将（某物）切开daily [ˈdeɪli] adj. 每日的，日常的dance [dɑ:ns] vi. 跳舞; n. 跳舞danger [ˈdeɪndʒə(r)] n. 危险；危险物dark [dɑ:k] adj. 黑暗的，深色的darkness [ˈdɑ:knəs] n. 黑暗data [ˈdeɪtə] n. 资料date [deɪt] n. 日期; vt.& vi. 与人约会daughter [ˈdɔ:tə(r)] n. 女儿dead [ded] adj. 死去的dean [di:n] n. 学院院长，系主任dear [diə] adj. 亲爱的death [deθ] n. 死亡December [dɪˈsembə(r)] n. 12月deed [di:d] n. 行为deep [di:p] adj. 深的；深远的deer [diə] n. 鹿desert [ˈdezət] n. 沙漠; adj. 沙漠的desk [desk] n. 书桌，办公桌dial [ˈdaɪəl] vt.& vi. 打电话diamond [ˈdaɪəmənd] n. 钻石，金刚石diary [ˈdaɪəri] n. 日记，日志dictionary [ˈdɪkʃənri] n. 词典，字典die [daɪ] vt.& vi. 死亡，熄灭disease [dɪˈzi:z] n. 疾病dish [dɪʃ] n. 盘；餐具disk/disc [dɪsk] n. 磁盘；唱片dislike [dɪsˈlaɪk] vt. 不喜欢；厌恶do[də] vt.& vi. 做；干doctor [ˈdɔktə]n. 医生，大夫；博士dog[dɔɡ] n. 狗doll[dɔl] n. 木偶；玩偶dollar [ˈdɔlə]n. 美元donkey [ˈdɔŋki]n. 驴；笨蛋，傻瓜door [dɔ:]n.门dose [dəus]n. 剂量，药量dot [dɔt] n. 点，小圆点double [ˈdʌbl]adj. 双的；两倍的down [daun]adv. 向下；prep.向下downstairs [ˌdaʊnˈsteəz]adv. 在楼下d owntown[ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn]n. 市中心drag [dræɡ]vt. 拖拽；吃力地往前拉dragon[ˈdræɡən]n. 龙duck[dʌk]n. 鸭子，野鸭；鸭肉drug[drʌg] n. 药物；药剂; 毒品drawer [drɔ:]n. 抽屉drawing [ˈdrɔ:ɪŋ]n.绘画; 图画dream [dri:m] vt.&vi. 做梦n. 梦想dry[draɪ] adj. 干燥的，干旱的dress [dres]n. 衣服vt.& vi. 给…穿衣dumpling[ˈdʌmplɪŋ] n. 汤团；饺子during[ˈdjuəriŋ]prep.在…期间drink[driŋk]vt.& vi. 喝；n. 酒，饮料drip[drip] vi. 滴出；n.水滴；[医]点滴drive[draiv]v. 驾驶；开车；驱动；迫使driver [ˈdraivə]n. 驾驶员，司机duty[ˈdju:ti]n. 职责，责任；义务drop [drɔp]vt.& vi. 落下；n. 滴dyeeach[i:tʃ] adj. 各自的pron. 每个；各自ear [iə]n. 耳朵early[ˈɜrli ]adj. 早的；早期的earth[ə:θ]n. 地球；地表，陆地east [iːst]n. 东，东方eastern[ˈi:stən]adj. 东方的easy[ˈi:zi] adj. 容易的；舒适的；从容的eat [i:t]vt.& vi. 吃egg[eɡ]n. 鸡蛋，蛋eggplant[ˈegplɑ:nt] n. 茄子Egypt[ˈi:dʒɪpt] n. 埃及eight[eɪt]num.八；八个eighteen[eɪˈti:n]num. 十八；十八个eighth [eɪtθ]num. 第八eighty[ˈeɪti:]num.八十either[ˈaiðə]pron.（两者之中）任何一个elephant[ˈelifənt]n. 象，大象eleven [ɪˈlevən]num. 十一；十一个else [els]adv. 其他；否则；另外email/e-mail [ˈi:meɪl] n. 电子邮件enemy[ˈenimi]n. 仇敌；敌军England[ˈɪŋglənd]n. 英格兰；英国English [ˈɪŋglɪʃ]n. 英语adj.英语的enter[ˈentə]vt.& vi. 进入；开始era[ˈɪərə]n. 纪元，年代even [ˈi:vn] adv. 甚至；更加；即使evening[ˈi:vniŋ]n. 傍晚；黄昏ever[ˈevə]adv. 永远；曾经every[ˈevri]adj.每一个everybody [ˈevribɔdi]pron. 每人，人人everyday[ˈevridei]adj. 日常的，平常的everyo ne[ˈevriwʌn]pron. 每人，人人everything[ˈevriθiŋ]pron. 每件事物exam(ination)[iɡˈzæm]n. 考试；测验examine[iɡˈzæmin]vt. 检查，调查example[iɡˈzɑ:mpl]n. 例子；榜样eye[ai]n. 眼睛face [feis]n.脸；vt.& vi. 面对factory[ˈfæktri] n. 工厂，制造厂family[ˈfæmili] n.家fan[fæn] n. 扇子farm [fɑ:m] n.农场farmer [ˈfɑ:mə] n.农场主，农民；承包人fat[fæt] adj.肥的；油腻的n.脂肪father[ˈfɑ:ðə(r)] n. 父亲February [ˈfebruəri] n.二月feel [fi:l] vt.& vi.感觉；认为n. feeling [ˈfi:lɪŋ] n. 感觉，情绪；感情fifth[fɪfθ] num. 第五fifty [ˈfɪfti] num. 五十film [film] n.影片；电影finger [ˈfɪŋgə(r)] n. 手指finish [ˈfɪnɪʃ] vt.& vi. 结束n. 结束first[fə:st] num. 第一fish [fɪʃ] n. 鱼vt.& vi. 捕鱼fisherman [ˈfiʃəˌmən] n.渔夫，渔民five [faɪv] num. 五flower [ˈflaʊə(r)] n. 花food [fu:d] n.食物，食品foot [fʊt] n. 脚football [ˈfʊtbɔ:l] n. 足球for [fə(r)] prep.为了conj. 因为，由于foreign [ˈfɔrin] adj. 外国的，外交的foreigner [ˈfɒrənə(r)] n. 外国人forest [ˈfɒrɪst] n. 森林forty [ˈfɔ:ti:] n. 四十four [fɔ:(r)] num. 四fourteen [ˌfɔ:ˈti:n] num. 十四fourth [fɔ:θ, fəʊrθ] num. 第四franc [fræŋk] n.法郎France [fræns] n.[地名]法国free [fri:] adj. 自由的；免费的fruit [fru:t] n. 成果；水果full [fʊl] adj. 满的，完全的Friday [ˈfraɪdeɪ] n. 星期五friend [frend] n.朋友frog [frɔɡ] n. 青蛙front [frʌnt] n. 前面adj. 前面的game [geɪm] n. 游戏；比赛garden ['ɡɑ:dn] n. 花园；菜园gas [ɡæs] n. 气体；汽油gate [ɡeit] n. 大门get [ɡet] vt. 使得；获得gift [ɡift] n. 礼物vt. 赋予girl [ɡə:l] n. 女孩，姑娘give [ɡiv] vt. 给；产生glass [ɡlɑ:s, ɡlæs] n. 玻璃glasshouse n. 温室；暖房go [ɡəu] vi. 走；达到goal [ɡəul] n. 目标；球门goat [ɡəut] n. 山羊god n. 神gold [ɡəuld] n. 金，黄金grandfather ['ɡrænd,fɑ:ðə] n. 祖父；始祖grandmother ['ɡrænd,mʌðə] n. 祖母grass [ɡrɑ:s, ɡræs] n. 草；草地，草坪great [ɡreit]adj. 伟大的Greece [ɡri:s] n. 希腊（欧州南部国家）green [ɡri:n] adj. 绿色的；n. 绿色ground [ɡraund] n. 地面group [ɡru:p] n. 组；团体; vt.把…分组grow [ɡrəu] vt &vi. 发展；生长guess [ɡes] vt &vi. 猜; n. 猜测；推测guest [ɡest] n. 客人gun [ɡʌn] n. 枪枝hair [hɛə]n. 头发，毛发half[hɑ:f] adj. 一半的，半个的hand [hænd] n. 手handbag [ˈhændbæg] n.（女用）手提包happiness[ˈhæpɪnɪs] n. 幸福；高兴；happy [ˈhæpi] adj. 幸福的hard[hɑrd] adj. 困难的；硬的hat[hæt] n. 帽子head[hed] n.头脑hear[hiə] vt.& vi. 听到，听见hearing [ˈhɪərɪŋ] n. 听力，听觉heart[hɑ:t] n. 心脏；heat[hi:t] n. 热度heaven [ˈhevn] n. 天；天堂heavy[ˈhevi] adj. 重的，沉重的helpless [ˈhelpləs] adj. 无助的；无能的hen[hen] n. 母鸡1hence [hens] adv. 因此，所以4her[hə(r)] pron. (she的宾格)她;(she的所有格)她的here[hiə] adv. 在这里hers [hə:z] pron. (she的物主代词)她的hill [hɪl]n. 小山，山冈；斜坡him [hɪm] pron. (he的宾格)他his [hɪz] pron. (he的所有格)他的history [ˈhɪstri] n. 历史，历史学hole [həul] n. 洞穴，穴holiday [ˈhɒlədeɪ] n. 假日，休息日home [həum] n. 家；家庭hometown [ˈhəʊmtaʊn] n. 家乡，故乡homework[ˈhəumwə:k]n. 家庭作业horse [hɔ:s] n. 马hospital[ˈhɒspɪtl] n. 医院hot [hɔt] adj. 热的；辣的；热门的hot dog n.热狗hotel [həʊˈtel] n. 旅馆，宾馆，酒店hour[ˈaʊə(r)] n. 小时，钟头house [haʊs] n. 住宅；家庭how[haʊ] adv. 怎样；健康状况如何husband[ˈhʌzbənd]n. 丈夫ice[aɪs] n. 冰；雪糕if [ɪf] conj. 如果，倘若ink [iŋk] n.墨水，油墨inn [in] n.小旅馆，客栈insect [ˈinsekt] n.虫，昆虫jacket [ˈdʒækɪt] n. 短上衣，夹克jeep [dʒi:p] n. 吉普车job [dʒɔb] n.工作join [dʒɔɪn] vt.& vi. 连接；联结July [dʒuˈlaɪ] n. 七月jump [dʒʌmp] vt. 跳；跳过June [dʒu:n] n. 六月junior [ˈdʒu:niə(r)]just [dʒʌst] adv. 刚才；仅仅keep [ki:p] vt. 保持；保留；遵守key [ki:] n. 钥匙；（电脑的）键; 秘诀kill [kɪl] vt.& vi. 杀死kilo [ˈkiləu] n. 千克kilogram(me) [ˈkɪləgræm] n. 千克kilometer/-tre [ˈkiləˌmi:tə] n. <美>千米king [kɪŋ] n. 国王kingdom [ˈkɪŋdəm] n. 王国kiss [kɪs] vt. 接吻; n. 吻kitchen [ˈkɪtʃɪn] n. 厨房；厨师kite [kaɪt] n. 风筝knife [naɪf] n. 刀；匕首know [nəʊ] vt.& vi. 知道lady [ˈleɪdi] n. 女士lake [leɪk] n. 湖lamb [læm] n. 羔羊，小羊lamp [læmp] n. 灯，灯泡land [lænd] n. 陆地; vt.& vi. （使）登岸large [lɑ:dʒ] adj. 大的last [lɑ:st] adj. 最后的; n. 末尾；最后late [leɪt] adj. 晚的，迟到的laugh [lɑ:f] vi. 笑；发笑laughter [ˈlɑ:ftə] n. 笑，笑声law [lɔ:] n. 法；法学lawyer [ˈlɔ:jə(r)] n. 律师lead [lid] vt. 领导；引导leader [ˈli:də(r)] n. 领袖，领导者leave [li:v] vt.& vi. 离去；出发leg [leg] n. 腿；支柱lend [lend] vt. 把…借给let [let] 允许，任由；让letter [ˈletə(r)] n. 信letter-box [ˈletəbɒks] n. 邮筒，邮政信箱life [laɪf] n. 生活，生计；生命lifetime [ˈlaɪftaɪm] n. 一生，寿命light [laɪt] n. 光; vt. & vi 使发光；点燃like [laɪk] vt. 喜欢; prep.像conj. 像listen [ˈlɪsn] vi. 倾听little [ˈlɪtl] adj. 小的；琐碎的live [liv] vi. 生存；居住adj. 活着的London [ˈlʌndən] n. 伦敦（英国首都）look [lʊk] vt.& vi. 看，瞧11make [meɪk] vt. 做，制造man [mæn] n. 男人；人类many [ˈmeni] adj. 许多的map [mæp] n.地图March [mɑ:tʃ] n. 三月may [meɪ] aux. 可以；也许；会；但愿May [May] n.五月me [mi] pron. （人称代词I的宾格）我meal [mi:l] n. 餐，饭meet [mi:t] vt.& vi. 相遇；相识meeting [ˈmi:tɪŋ] n. 会议；聚会meter [ˈmi:tə(r)] n. (计量单位) 米mid-autumn [mɪd ˈɔ:təm] 中秋midday [ˌmɪdˈdeɪ] n. 中午；正午middle [ˈmɪdl] adj. 中部的n. 中部midnight [ˈmɪdnaɪt] n. 子夜，午夜might [maɪt] aux. 表示可能milk [mɪlk] n. 乳；牛奶mine [maɪn] pron. (I的所有格)我的minute [ˈminit] n. 分，分钟Miss [mɪs] n.小姐；女士Monday [ˈmʌndi] n. 星期一，周一money [ˈmʌni] n. 钱，货币monkey [ˈmʌŋki] n. 猴month [mʌnθ] n. 月，月份monthly [ˈmʌnθli] adj. 每月的moon [mu:n] n. 月亮moon-cake ['mu:nkeik] n. 月饼morning [ˈmɔ:niŋ] n. 早晨mother [ˈmʌðə(r)] n. 母亲motherland [ˈmʌðəlænd] n. 祖国；母国mountain [ˈmauntin] n. 山mouth [maʊθ] n. 口move [mu:v] vt.& vi. 移动，搬动movie [ˈmu:vi] n. 电影music [ˈmju:zik] n.音乐must [mʌst, məst] aux.必须my [mai, mi] adj.我的myself [maiˈself] pron.我自己name [neim] n.名字need [ni:d] vt.需要；必须aux.必须never [ˈnevə(r)] adv. 从不，从来没有new [nju:] adj. 新的news [nju:z] n. 新闻next [nekst] adj.紧接在后的nice [naɪs] adj. 美好的，愉快的night [naɪt] n. 夜；晚上nine [naɪn] num. 九；九个nineteen [ˌnaɪnˈti:n] num. 十九；十九个ninth [naɪnθ] n. 第九no [nəʊ] adv. 不；否noise [nɔɪz] n. 噪音；嘈杂声nor [nɔ:, nə] conj.也不是；和neither 或not 连用nose [nəuz] n. 鼻子not [nɔt] adv. 不note [nəut] n. 注意；笔记notebook [ˈnəʊtbʊk] n. 笔记簿12November [nəʊˈvembə(r)] n. 十一月now [naʊ] adv. 现在；其时o’clock [əˈklɔk] adv. …点钟October [ɒkˈtəʊbə(r)] n. 十月of [ɔv, əv, v, f] prep. 关于；属于…的off [ɔf] prep.（表示位置）在…的外面office [ˈɒfɪs] n. 办公室；公职often [ˈɔfən] adv. 常常；经常oh [əʊ] int. （恐惧、惊讶等）噢；啊oil [ɔil] n. 油OK/okay [əʊˈkeɪ] adj. 好的；还不错的old [əuld] adj. 老的；古老的on [ɔn] prep.（表示位置）在…上once [wʌns] adv. 一次，一趟one [wʌn] num. （数字）一only [ˈəunli] adj. 唯一的；仅有的1 onto [ˈɒntə] prep. 到…之上open [ˈəʊpən] adj. 敞开的，开着的opener [ˈəʊpnə(r)] n. 开启者；开启工具or [ɔ:(r)] conj. 或，或者；还是orange [ˈɒrɪndʒ] n. 桔子，橙子order [ˈɔ:də(r)] vt. &n. 命令ouch [aʊtʃ] int.（痛苦或惊讶叫声）哎哟out [aʊt] prep.（从…里）出来page [peɪdʒ] n. 页pan [pæn] n. 平底锅paper [ˈpeɪpə(r)] n. 纸parent [ˈpeərənt] n. 父亲（或母亲）Paris [ˈpærɪs] n. 巴黎park [pɑ:k] n. 公园part [pɑ:t] n. 部分party [ˈpɑ:ti] n. 社交聚会pay [peɪ] vt.& vi. 付款pen [pen] n. 笔，笔尖pencil [ˈpensl] n. 铅笔，彩色铅笔people [ˈpi:pl] n. 人，人类per [pə(r)] adv. 每次；每个period [ˈpɪəriəd] n. 时期person [ˈpɜːsn] n. 人photo(graph) [ˈfəutəu] n. 照片，相片piano [piˈænəʊ] n. 钢琴picture [ˈpɪktʃə(r)] n. 照片，画像pie [paɪ] n. 馅饼，派piece [pi:s] n. 一部分；片pig [pɪg] n. 猪；猪肉place [pleɪs] n. 位；地方plan [plæn] n. 计划；打算plane [pleɪn] n.飞机plant [plɑ:nt] n. 植物play [pleɪ] n. 比赛；游戏playroom [ˈpleɪru:m] n. 游戏室player [ˈpleɪə] n. [体]运动员13please [pli:z] int. 请price [praɪs] n.价格problem [ˈprɒbləm] n.问题push [pʊʃ] v.推，推动put [pʊt] vt.放；表达queen [kwi:n] n.女王,王后question ['kwestʃən] n.问题；v.询问quick [kwik] adj.迅速的quiet ['kwaiət] adj.安静的；n.安静quite [kwait] adv.很，相当radio ['reidiəʊ] n.收音机rain [rein] n./v.下雨rat [ræt] n.鼠；叛徒；v.捕鼠；背叛reach [ri:tʃ] v.到达read [ri:d] vt.& vi.阅读，朗读reader [ˈri:də(r)] n.读者reason [ˈri:zn] n.理由red [red] adj. 红色的result [rɪˈzʌlt] n. 结果vi. 发生，产生rice [raɪs] n. 大米right [raɪt] adj. 右方的；正确的right-handed [ˈraɪtˈhændɪd] adj. 右手的ring [rɪŋ] n. 戒指，指环road [roʊd ] n. 路；通路rock [rɔk] n. 岩石，石头；摇滚乐rocket [ˈrɔkit] n. 火箭roof [ru:f] n. 屋顶room [ru:m] n. 房间；空间rose [rəuz] n. 玫瑰salt [sɔ:lt] n. 盐sand [sænd] n. 沙；沙滩Saturday [ˈsætədeɪ] n. 星期六，周六say [seɪ] vi. 说，讲saying [ˈseɪɪŋ] n. 话；说话school [sku:l] n. 学校sea [si:] n. 海；海洋season [ˈsi:zn] n. 季节seat [si:t] n. 席位，座位second [sɪˈkɒnd] pron. 第二secondary [ˈsekəndri] adj. 第二的see [si:] vt.& vi. 看见；领会，理解send [send] vt.& vi. 发出September [sepˈtembə(r)] n. 九月seven [ˈsevn] num. 七；七个seventeen [ˌsevnˈti:n] n. 十七（个）seventh [ˈsevnθ] n. 第七（个）seventy [ˈsevnti] n. 七十sheep [ʃi:p] n. 羊，绵羊ship [ʃɪp] n. 船；vt.& vi. 运送shirt [ʃə:t] n. 衬衫，衬衣14shoe [ʃu:] n. 鞋shop [ʃɔp] n. 商店shout [ʃaʊt] vt.& vi. 呼喊；n. 大叫show [ʃəu] vt.& vi. 给…看；表现出sing [sɪŋ] vt.& vi. 唱，歌唱，吟诵singer [ˈsɪŋə(r)] n. 歌手；歌唱家sister [ˈsɪstə(r)] n. 姐妹sit [sɪt] vt.& vi. （使）坐sixteen [ˌsɪksˈti:n] n. 十六sixth [sɪksθ] pron. 第六sixty [ˈsɪksti] num. 六十size [saɪz] n. 大小，尺寸；规模sky [skaɪ] n. 天（空）sleep [sli:p] vi. 睡，睡觉slow [sləu] adj. 慢的；迟钝的；v.缓行small [smɔ:l] adj. 小的smile [smaɪl] n. 微笑；vt. 以微笑表示snake [sneɪk] n. 蛇snow [snəu] n. 雪snowball [ˈsnəʊbɔ:l] n. 雪球snowman [ˈsnəʊmæn] n. 雪人snowy [ˈsnəʊi:] adj. 下雪的sofa [ˈsəufə] n. 沙发some [səm] adj. 一些；某个somebody [ˈsʌmbədi] pron. 某人someone [ˈsʌmwʌn] pron. 某人something [ˈsʌmθɪŋ] pron. 某物，某事son [sʌn] n. 儿子song [sɔŋ] n. 歌曲sound [saʊnd] n. 声音south [saʊθ] n. 南方space [ speis] n.空间speak [spi:k] vt.& vi. 讲，谈；演说speaker [ˈspi:kə(r)] n. 说话者；演讲者speech [spi:tʃ] n. 演说，演讲，发言speed [spi:d] n. 速度；快速spell [spel] vt. 拼写spring [sprɪŋ] n. 春季stand [stænd] n. 台，看台；vi. 站立star [stɑ:(r)] n. 星；明星stay [steɪ] vt.& vi. 停留stone [stəun] n. 石头stop [stɔp] vi. 停止；store [stɔ:(r)] n. 商店；vt.& vi. 储藏storm [stɔ:m] n. 暴风雨story [ˈstɔ:ri] n. 故事，传说street [stri:t] n. 大街，街道student [ˈstju:dnt] n. 学生，大学生study [ˈstʌdi] n&vt. 学习，研究succeed [səkˈsi:d] vi. 成功summer [ˈsʌmə(r)] n. 夏，夏天sun [sʌn] n. 太阳，阳光Sunday [ˈsʌndi] n. 星期日sunglasses [ˈsʌnglɑ:sɪz] n. 太阳镜sunlight [ˈsʌnlaɪt] n. 阳光supper [ˈsʌpə(r)] n. 晚饭swim [swɪm] vt.& vi. 游泳swimming [ˈswɪmɪŋ] n. 游泳symbol [ˈsɪmbl] n. 象征；标志15table [ˈteɪbl] n. 表；桌子take [teɪk] vt. 拿，取talk [tɔ:k] vt.& vi. 说；讨论tall [tɔ:l] adj. 身材高的，高大的taxi [ˈtæksi] n. 出租车tea [ti:] n. 茶水teach [ti:tʃ] vt. 教；教导teacher [ˈti:tʃə(r)] n. 教师，教员team [ti:m] n. 队，组；团队tear [tiə] n. 眼泪television /TV [ˈtelɪvɪʒn] n. 电视tell [tel] vt. 告诉，说temple [ˈtempl] n. 庙，寺than [ðən] conj. 比（用于比较级）thank [θæŋk] vt. 谢谢，感谢theater/ -tre [ˈθiətə] n. 剧场；戏剧界their [ðer] pron. 他[她，它]们的theirs [ðɛəz] pron. 他们的them [ðəm] pron. 他们；她们themselves [ðəmˈselvz] pron. 他们自己think [θɪŋk] vt. 想；思索thirteen [ˌθɜ:ˈti:n] n. 十三thirty [ˈθɜ:ti:] n. 三十this [ðɪs] pron. 这，这those [ðəuz] adj. 那些的Thursday [ˈθɜ:zdeɪ] n. 星期四tiger [ˈtaɪgə(r)] n. 老虎time [taɪm] n. 时间today [təˈdeɪ] n. 今天ton [tʌn] n. 吨tree [tri:] n. 树Tuesday[ˈtju:zdeɪ] n. 星期二tune [tju:n] n. 曲调，曲子twelfth[twelfθ] n. 第十二twelve [twelv] num. 十二twentieth [ˈtwenti:ɪθ] num. 第二十twenty[ˈtwenti] num 二十under[ˈʌndə(r)] prep. 在…下面voice [vɔɪs] n. 嗓音; vt. 发音；表达wait [weɪt] vt.& vi. 等候；等待waiter [ˈweɪtə(r)] n. 侍者；服务员waitress [ˈweɪtrəs] n. 女服务员；女侍者walk [wɔ:k] vt.& vi. 走；步行；散步1 walkman n. 随身听wall [wɔ:l] n. 墙16wallet [ˈwɒlɪt] n. 钱包，皮夹子want [wɔnt] vt.& vi. 想,要war [wɔ:(r)] n. 战争watch [wɔtʃ] vt. 注视，注意water [ˈwɔ:tə(r)] n. 水way [weɪ] n. 道路wear [wɛə] vt. 穿着，戴着weather [ˈweðə(r)] n. 天气wednesday [ˈwenzdeɪ] n. 星期三week [wi:k] n. 一星期weekday [ˈwi:kdeɪ] n. 工作日weekend [ˌwi:kˈend] n. 周末west [west] n. 西部white [waɪt] adj. 白色的wife [waɪf] n. 妻子will [wɪl] aux. 将；n. 愿意；[法]遗嘱wind [waɪnd] vt. 缠绕；n. 风window [ˈwindəu] n. 窗，窗户wine [waɪn] n. 葡萄酒；果酒winter [ˈwɪntə(r)] n. 冬，冬天woman [ˈwʊmən] n. 女人，妇女word [wə:d] n. 单词work [wə:k] vt.& vi. 使工作；使运作workday [ˈwɜ:kdeɪ] n. 工作日worker [ˈwɜ:kə(r)] n. 工人world [wɜː(r)ld] n. 世界；地球write [raɪt] vt.& vi. 写writing [ˈraɪtɪŋ] n. （书）写；写作wrong [rɔŋ] adj. 有毛病的, 错误的year [jə:] n. 年yellow [ˈjeləu] adj. 黄色的yesterday [ˈjestədeɪ] n. 昨天zoo [zu:] n. 动物园1718二级ability [əˈb ɪl əti] n. 能力，资格 accident [ˈæks ɪd ənt] n. 意外事件；事故 abroad [əˈbr ɔ:d] adv. 到国外，在海外 achieve [əˈt ʃi:v] vt. 取得；获得 acid [ˈæs ɪd] adj. 酸味的acceptable [ək ˈsept əbl] adj. 可接受的 accent [ˈæks ənt] n. 重音；口音 action [ˈæk ʃn] n. 行动，活动 actor [ˈækt ə(r)] n. 演员 actress [ˈæktr əs] n. 女演员 addition [əˈdi ʃən] n. 加，增加admit [əd ˈm ɪt] vt.& vi. 许可进入；承认 affect [əˈfekt] vt. 影响 afford [əˈf ɔ:d] vt. 买得起 agent [ˈe ɪd ʒənt] n. 代理人 aircraft [ˈɛəkr ɑ:ft] n.飞机，航空器 album [ˈælb əm] n.相册 alcohol [ˈælk əh ɒl] n.酒精 alphabet [ˈælf əbet] n.字母表 America [əˈmer ɪk ə] n.美洲；美国 American [əˈmer ɪk ən] adj.美国的 angry [ˈæŋgri] adj. 生气的；愤怒的 annoy [əˈn ɔɪ] vt. 打扰；干扰appeal [əˈpi:l] vi. （迫切）要求；有吸引力appear [əˈpi ə] vi. 出现，显现apply [əˈpla ɪ] vt. 应用，运用 amount [əˈma ʊnt] n.量，数量anyhow [ˈeniha ʊ] adv. 总之；无论如何 anyway [ˈeniwe ɪ] adv. 不论以何种方式 anywhere [ˈeniwe ə(r)] adv. 无论何处 ancient [ˈe ɪn ʃənt] adj. 古代的 amount [əˈma ʊnt] n.量，数量anyhow [ˈeniha ʊ] adv. 总之；无论如何 anyway [ˈeniwe ɪ] adv. 不论以何种方式 anywhere [ˈeniwe ə(r)] adv. 无论何处 arise [əˈra ɪz] vi.& vt. 产生；出现 arouse [əˈra ʊz] vt. 引起；唤醒 arrival [əˈra ɪvl] n. 到达，抵达 Asian[ˈe ɪʃn] adj. 亚洲的; n. 亚洲人 assist[əˈs ɪst] vt. 帮助；援助 atom[ˈæt əm] n. 原子；原子能 attack[əˈtæk] vt.& vi. 攻击，进攻 attend[əˈtend] vt.&vi. 出席 attract [əˈtrækt] vt. 吸引；诱惑 avoid [əˈv ɔɪd] vt. 避开, 避免 await [əˈwe ɪt] vt. 等候; 等待 awake [əˈwe ɪk] adj. 醒着的; 警惕的 aware [əˈw ɛə] adj. 意识到的; 知道的background [ˈbækgraʊnd] n. 背景backward(s) [ˈbækwədz] adj&adv.向后的 badly [ˈbædli] adv. 非常，在很大程度上 baggage [ˈbægɪd ʒ] n. 行李bake [beɪk] vt. 烤，烘焙bakery [ˈbeɪkəri] n. 面包房，面包店balloon [bəˈlu:n] n. 气球bamboo [ˌbæmˈbu:] n. 竹子；竹竿ban [bæn] vt. 禁止bandage [ˈbændɪdʒ] n. 绷带bang [bæŋ] n. 猛击; vt. 猛击，猛撞bare [bɛə] adj. 光秃秃的base [beɪs] n.基地basement [ˈbeɪsmənt] n.地下室；基底basic [ˈbeɪsɪk] adj. 基本的basin [ˈbeɪsn] n. 盆；盆地basis [ˈbeɪsɪs] n. 基础bathe [beɪð] vt.& vi. 给…洗澡，游泳bathroom [ˈbɑ:θru:m] n. 浴室；盥洗室battery [ˈbætri] n. [电]电池，蓄电池bay [beɪ] n. 湾，海湾BC [ˌbi: ˈsi:] abbr. before Christ公元前beach [bi:tʃ] n. 海滩，海滨beam [bi:m] n. 梁，栋梁beast [bi:st] n. 野兽；人面兽心的人beat [bi:t] vt.& vi. 接连地击打beautiful [ˈbju:tɪfl] adj. 美丽的beehive [ˈbi:haɪv] n. 蜂窝；蜂巢beg [beg] vt.& vi. 乞讨；恳求（原谅）begin [bɪˈgɪn] vt.& vi. 开始；着手beginning [bɪˈgɪnɪŋ n. 开始；根源behave [bɪˈheɪv] vi. 表现behavior(u)r[bɪˈheɪvjə] n. 行为；态度belief [bɪˈli:f] n. 信，信任belong [bɪˈlɒŋ] vi. 属于；是…的成员belongings[bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz] n. 动产；财物beloved [bɪˈlʌvd] adj. 被热爱的；亲爱的below [biˈləu] adv.& prep. 在下面bench [bentʃ] n. （木制）长凳bend [bend] vt. （使）弯曲，屈身beneath [bɪˈni:θ] prep. 在…的下方besides [bɪˈsaɪdz] adv.此外best-seller[ˌbestˈselə(r)] n. 畅销书(唱片) bet [bet] n. 打赌，赌博；vt. 赌博between [bɪˈtwi:n] prep. 在…之间bible [ˈbaɪbl] n. 圣经billion [ˈbɪljən] n. 十亿birth [bə:θ] n. 出生；分娩birthday [ˈbɜ:θdeɪ] n. 生日bit [bɪt] n. 一点; v. 咬( bite的过去式)bite [baɪt] vt.& vi. 咬；叮; n. 咬；咬伤blade [bleɪd] n. 刀片, 剑; 叶片blanket [ˈblæŋkɪt] n. 毛毯，毯子bless [bles] vt. 祝福；保佑blind [blaɪnd] adj. 失明的；盲目的block [blɔk] n. 块；街区; vt. 阻止；阻塞blog [blɒɡ] n. 博客blood [blʌd] n. 血，血液blouse [blauz] n. 宽松的上衣；女衬衫blow [bləu]vt.&vi. 吹;（轮胎）爆炸bolt [bəult] n. 螺栓，螺钉bomb [bɔm] n. 炸弹; vt. 轰炸bone [bəun] n. 骨头bookmark [ˈbʊkmɑ:k] n. 书签19bookshelf [ˈbʊkʃelf] n. 书架；书橱boot [bu:t] n. 长靴，皮靴booth [buːð] n. 摊位；公用电话亭bore [bɔ:(r)] vt. 令人厌烦born[bɔ:n] vt.bear过去分词; adj. 出生的bottom [ˈbɔtəm] n. 底部; adj. 底部的bound [baʊnd] vt. 限制; n. 界限，限制bow [bəu] n. 鞠躬; vi. （向…）鞠躬bowel [ˈbaʊəl] n. 肠；内部；同情心brake [breɪk] vt.& vi. 刹（车）; n. 刹车branch [brɑ:ntʃ] n. 树枝；分支brave [breɪv] adj. 勇敢的break [breɪk] vt.& vi. 打破；折断；弄坏breath [breθ] n. 呼吸breathe [bri:ð] vi. 呼吸brick [brɪk] n. 砖，砖块bride [braɪd] n. 新娘bridegroom [ˈbraɪdgru:m] n. 新郎bright [braɪt] adj. 明亮的，鲜亮的bring [brɪŋ] vt. 带来，引来Britain [ˈbrɪtn] 不列颠，英国British [ˈbrɪtɪʃ] adj. 英国的; n. 英国人broad [brɔ:d] adj. 宽的；辽阔的broken [ˈbrəʊkən] adj. 破碎的，打碎的brow [braʊ] n. 眉，眉毛brush [brʌʃ] n. 刷子; vt. 刷；掠过；bucket [ˈbʌkɪt] n. 水桶bug [bʌg] n. 昆虫build [bɪld] vt. 建造，建立building [ˈbɪldɪŋ] n. 建筑物；楼房bulb [bʌlb] n. 球茎，电灯泡bullet [ˈbulit] n. 子弹，弹药bush [bʊʃ] n. 灌木（丛）business [ˈbɪznəs] n. 商业，交易busy [ˈbɪzi] adj. 忙碌的butcher [ˈbʊtʃə(r)] n. 屠夫，屠户butter [ˈbʌtə(r)] n. 黄油button [ˈbʌtn] n. 按钮，电钮；纽扣cab [kæb] n. 出租车cabin [ˈkæbɪn] n. 小木屋；客舱café[ˈkæfeɪ] n. 咖啡馆，小餐厅cage [keɪdʒ] n. 笼子；牢房call [kɔ:l] v. 呼唤，喊叫camp [kæmp] n. 营地，工地宿舍campus [ˈkæmpəs] n. （大学）校园can [kæn] aux. 能；能够; n. 罐头Canada [ˈkænədə] n. 加拿大Canadian [kəˈneɪdiən] adj. 加拿大(人)的cancel [ˈkænsəl] vt. 取消，注销cancer [ˈkænsə(r)] n. 癌症candidate [ˈkændɪdət] n. 申请求职者candle [ˈkændl] n. 蜡烛；烛光candy [ˈkændi] n. 糖果capital [ˈkæpɪtl] n. 首都；资本captain [ˈkæptɪn] n. 船长，机长care [kɛə] vt.& vi. 关心；担心；在乎careful [ˈkɛəful] adj. 仔细的，小心的careless [ˈkɛəlis] adj. 粗心的20carpet [ˈkɑ:pit] n. 地毯carrot [ˈkærət] n. 胡萝卜cartoon [kɑ:ˈtu:n] n. 漫画cash [kæʃ] n. 现金; vt. 支付现款；兑现cast [kɑ:st] vt. 铸造；投掷castle [ˈkɑːsl] n. 城堡，堡垒cattle [ˈkætl] n. （总称）牛cause [kɔ:z] n. 原因；动机; vt. 导致cave [keɪv] n. 洞穴cellar [ˈselə(r)] n. 地下室，地窖cent [sent] n. 分；一分钱的硬币centigrade [ˈsentɪgreɪd] adj. 摄氏的centimeter/-tre [ˈsentimi:tər] n. 厘米central [ˈsentrəl] adj. 中央的，中心的century [ˈsentʃəri] n. 百年，一世纪chairman [ˈtʃeəmən] n.主席chance [tʃɑ:ns] n. 机会，机遇change [tʃeɪndʒ] vt. 改变; n. 变化，改变channel [ˈtʃænl] n. 频道cheap [tʃi:p] adj. 便宜的，廉价的cheer [tʃiə] vt. 欢呼；使高兴cheese [tʃi:z] n. 奶酪chess [tʃes] n. 棋，国际象棋chest [tʃest] n. 胸部chicken [ˈtʃɪkɪn] n. 鸡；鸡肉childish [ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ] adj. 幼稚的；孩子气的childlike [ˈtʃaɪldlaɪk] adj. 孩子般的chimney [ˈtʃɪmni] n. 烟囱chip [tʃɪp] n. 碎片；缺口choose [tʃu:z] vt. 挑选chop [tʃɔp] vt.& vi. 砍，伐，劈chopsticks [ˈtʃɔpstɪks] n. 筷子；筷子Christian [ˈkristʃən]n. 基督教徒; adj. 信基督教的cigarette(te) [ˌsiɡəˈret] n. 纸烟，香烟classic [ˈklæsɪk] adj. 典型的; 著名的classical [ˈklæsɪkl] adj. 古典的clause [klɔ:z] n. 从句，分句click [klɪk] vt. 使发出喀哒声client [ˈklaɪənt] n. 顾客；当事人cliff [klɪf] n. 悬崖clinic [ˈklɪnɪk] n. 诊所，门诊部clinical [ˈklɪnɪkl] adj. 临床的；诊所的clone [kləun] n.克隆; vt.& vi. 克隆closet [ˈklɔzit] n. 壁橱；盥洗室clothing [ˈkləuðiŋ] n. 衣服；服装clue [klu:] n. 线索；提示coach [kəutʃ] n. 教练; vt.& vi. 训练coast [kəust] n. 海岸coastal [ˈkəʊstl] adj. 临海的，沿海的collar [ˈkɒlə(r)] n. 衣领；领子collect [kəˈlekt] vt. 收集，收藏collection [kəˈlekʃn] n. 收集，采集comb [kəum] n. 梳子; vt. 梳理comfort [ˈkʌmfət] n. 舒适; vt. 安慰comfortable [ˈkʌmftəbl] adj. 舒适的common [ˈkɔmən] adj. 普通的；通俗的company [ˈkʌmpəni] n. 公司computerize/-ise [kəmˈpju:təraɪz]vt. 用计算机做21。
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目录I 课程性质与设置目的II课程内容与考核目标第一章TWO WORDS TO A VOID, TWO TO REMEMBER第二章THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF第三章WALLS AND BARRIERS第四章THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART I第五章THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART II第六章DULL WORK第七章BEAUTY第八章APPETITE第九章A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS第十章STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY第十一章ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TO FLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVION第十二章GRANT AND LEE：A STUDY IN CONTRASTS第十三章EUPHEMISM第十四章THAT ASTOUNDING CREATOR--NATURE第十五章TEACHING AS MOUNTAINEERINGIII 有关说明与实施要求附录题型举例I 课程性质与设置目的本课程是高等教育自学考试英语教育（独立本科段）考试计划中的核心课程之一。
设置本课程的目的可以归纳为如下几方面：1．引导学生注意吸收语言材料、扩大文化知识，特别是有关英美的文化知识。
2．通过对文章的思想内容、篇章结构、语言技巧的分析，提高学生对文章的理解、分析及评述的能力。
3．继续打好语言基本功，培养熟练技巧，努力发展学生综合应用英语的能力。
4．本课程重点章节为第2章，第3章，第4章，第5章，第6章，第7章，第8章，第9章，第11章，第12章，第13章，次重点为第10章，第15章，一般章节第1章，第14章。
II 课程内容与考核目标（考核知识、考核要求）第一章TWO WORDS TO A VOID, TWO TO REMEMBER一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.the background of the story;2.the background of the author;anization and development of the text (narrative);4.detailed study of the text;5.Description in Narration二．课程内容：TWO WORDS TO A VOID, TWO TO REMEMBER三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of this unit;2. Organization and development of the text (narrative);3. Description in Narration四．考核要求识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person: the quick and spontaneous understanding that makes you a changed person2. fallen through: failed3. checkered tablecloth: tablecloth marked by light and dark patches4. chewing the bitter cud of hindsight: thinking repeatedly about the painful realization of what had happened5. he still carried a full case load: he still carried a briefcase fully loaded with documents6. They are not identified, of course: Their names are not given7. we might begin to get somewhere: succeed8. There's a perverse streak in all of us: obstinately unreasonable quality9. I shook my head ruefully: regretfully10. substitute a phrase that supplies lift instead of creating drag: use a phrase that provides a feeling of encouragement instead of causing nuisance11. with an audible click: clearly/without any doubt12. I spotted a cruising cab and ran toward it: taxi moving leisurely about, looking for passengers13. Then I wait for that almost perceptible mental click: the clear signal suggested by the Old man that can almost be felt in the mind领会：1. The Organization and development of the text (narrative);2. Description in Narration简单应用:Sentence structure and rewriting综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第二章THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1. Some allusions and historical events mentioned in the text(some see notes to the text)—Punic Wars and Quintus Fabius Maximus, Hamlet, Faustian encounters, Jean Kerr, etc.2. Organization and development of the text;3. Main idea of each paragraph.4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal; (the use of formal style, formal words andphrases exaggeration to convey a gay and delightful tone);5. Level of Usage二．课程内容：THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2. Organization and development of the text;3. Main idea of each paragraph.4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal四．考核要求识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. exhorted: urged strongly2. the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son's mother: found time for3. a habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours: men of importance like Dr. Johnson waiting4. That.…attests to the fact that: proves5. one of the great Roman generals was dubbed "Cunctator": named humorously6. for putting off battle until the last possible vinum break: until an effective defense deservinga celebration with champagne was ensured7. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edict toPharaoh: claimed that he had a speech defect, and that he had reasons for8. at an ungodly 6:30 p.m.: unreasonable9. to file for an extension of the income tax deadline: apply officially10.until the apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver: warning, suggests unavoidable destruction11.They postpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to barbershop: as if they will see devils12.Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur: in spite of13.the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military, diplomacy and the law: found almost only in the field of14.to ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling in hand: go over in mind repeatedly and slowly15.Blessedly, he had no nattering Telex to order machine guns and fresh troops: fortunately, noisy16.Even there is no will, there is a way: there is no will to delay, there is a way to do so.17.in the higher echelons of business: in the case of higher levels18.The data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction: encourages, doing nothing19.His point is will taken: accepted20.Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymaker in blanks of legalism, compromise and reappraisal: Excessive silly rules, which developed very quickly as a result of the expanding administrative structure and the greater complexity of society, were made to restrict policymakers, who have to be engaged in endless paperwork, mediation and reconsideration21.Many languages are studded with phrases that refer to putting things off: filled22.There are all sorts of rationalizations: reasons23.a kind of subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial: way outside one's conscious awareness24.It is something of a truism: an undoubted truth25.for that matter: as further concerns the thing mentioned26.So…is the creation of an entree: a small carefully prepared meat dish27.the design can mellow and marinate: ripen and mature28.pace Lord Chesterfield: with all due respect to领会：1. Some allusions and historical events mentioned in the text(some see notes to the text)—Punic Wars and Quintus Fabius Maximus, Hamlet, Faustian encounters, Jean Kerr, etc.2. Organization and development of the text;3. Main idea of each paragraph.4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal; (the use of formal style, formal words and phrasesexaggeration to convey a gay and delightful tone);简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第三章WALLS AND BARRIERS一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The Chief Personalities of Man2.Einstein’s Chief Personalities: Modesty, Simplicity, etc.3.Description Developed by Examples二．课程内容：WALLS AND BARRIERS三．考核知识点：1. Inductive analysis to help make his proposition logically sound.2. Comparison and contrasts3. Changes that have occurred in people’s notion of money, in the function of the bank, andaccordingly, in its architectural features — change in the form or design of architecture is the result of a change in people’s attitude.4. Organization and development of the text:Para.1& 2: beginning with quoting his fatherPara 3 & 4: a view of money in the past and now, architectural designs of banksPara 4: function of bankPara 6: classical and new criticism of architecturePara 7 & 9: attitude toward possible hositility from without in primitive and modernworldPara 8 &10: attitude toward privacy四．考核要求识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. to whom a good deal of modern architecture is unnerving: discouraging2. a tangible commodity: material3. that could be hefted: lifted for making out the weight4. to attract the custom of a sensible man: business patronage5. If a building's design made it appear impregnable: firm enough6. the institution was necessarily sound: in good condition7. the meaning of the heavy wall…dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory: was based on , on8. the most valuable elements are dash and a creative flair for the invention of large numbers: vigor and a creative ability9. the door to the vault, far from being secluded and guarded, is set out: not at all10.the older bank asserted its invulnerability: showed forcefully its freedom from harm11.it is hard to say where architecture ends and human assertion begins: expression of human attitudes12.walls are not simply walls but physical symbols of the barriers in men's minds: fears13.they could feel themselves to be in a delimited space: space with fixed limits14.the undeveloped technology of the period precluded the construction of more delicate walls: made impossible15.the fear of dissolution being the ultimate fear: death16.it has become questionable: not certain17.Men were dirty, prying, vile, and dangerous: nosy, evil18.the rooms faced not out, but in, toward a patio: inner roofless yard19.engaging in the intimate activities of a personal as against a public life: rather than20.The rich intricacies of the decorative arts of the period: complex details21….are as illustrative of this attitude as the walls themselves: illustrate as much22.by the conventions of law and social practice: agreements23.and the same goes for our homes: is true for24.Glass may accomplish this function: perform well25.people who still have qualms about eating…under conditions of high visibility: unpleasant feelings26.walls that will at least give them a sense of adequate screening: privacy due to separation27.the toilette taboo being still unbroken: forbidden practice28.To repeat, it is our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine: In a word, it is our attitudes toward29.The "open plan" and the unobstructed view are consistent with his faith in the eventual solution of all problems: view free from obstruction squarely express领会：1. Comparison and contrasts2. Changes that have occurred in people’s notion of money, in the function of the bank, andaccordingly, in its architectural features — change in the form or design of architecture is the result of a change in people’s attitude.3. Organization and development of the text.简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第四章THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART I一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1. General introduction of the story — about how justice is administered by a semi-barbaricking.2. Writing skills and style of the text;3. Literary genre: the short story二．课程内容：THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART I三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2.The organization of the text3. Writing skills and style of the text;4. Literary genre: the short story四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of distant Latin neighbors: civilized2. whose ideas were still large, florid, and untrammeled, as became the half of him which was barbaric: sweeping, wild, and unrestrained, and so3. He was a man of exuberant fancy: wild and excessive4. he turned his varied fancies into facts: fancies of different kinds5. He was greatly given to self-communing: in the habit of discussing matters with himself6. his nature was bland and genial: gentle and cheerful7. some of his orbs got out of their orbits: subjects did something wrong8. to make the crooked straight, and crush down uneven places: to execute justice9. his barbarism had become semified: reduced to half of what it used to be10.the minds of his subjects were refined and cultured: improved and cultivated11.even the exuberant and barbaric fancy asserted itself: showed its power12.The vast amphitheater…was an agent of poetic justice: perfect13.he owed more allegiance to no tradition than pleased his fancy: stuck to no tradition except that which14.the fiercest and most cruel that could be procured: obtained with effort15.doleful iron bells were clanged: sad16.wended slowly their homeward way: moved over a distance17….should have merited so dire a fate: deserved so terrible18.the most suitable to his years and station: social rank19.to interfere with his great scheme of: to stop20. retribution and reward:, deserved punishment21.dancing maidens blowing joyous airs: tunes22.the wedding was promptly and cheerily solemnized: performed in a manner of formal religious ceremony23.the innocent man, preceded by children: headed24.strewing flowers on his path, led his bride to his home: scattering25.The decisions …were positively determinate: clear26.to witness a hilarious wedding: wedding causing wild laughter27.This element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion which it could not otherwise have attained: and this interest could not have been attained in other ways28.the thinking part of the community: those who did not follow the practice blindly in领会：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2.The organization of the text3. Writing skills and style of the text;4. Literary genre: the short story简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第五章THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART II一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.Brief review of the background — Part I in Unit four, the semi-barbaric king and his way ofadministering justice.2.Structure of the text3.Psychological description of the princess;4.How does the author create the intensity of situation?5.The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.6.Literary genre: the short story二．课程内容：THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART II三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2. Structure of the text3. Psychological description of the princess;4. How does the author create the intensity of situation?5. The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.6. Literary genre: the short story四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. fervent and imperious as his own: strong and arrogant2. royal maiden was well satisfied with her lover: princess3. ardor that had enough of barbarism in it: eagerness4. waver in regard to his duty in the premises: falter to execute his power in his own territory5. deed with which the accused was charged had been done: romantic affair6. take an aesthetic pleasure in watching the course of events: enjoy watching with excitement7. admittance: right of entrance8. hum of admiration and anxiety: noise9. Possessed of more power: With10. possessed herself of the secret of the doors: managed to get11.the damsels of the court: unmarried young women of noble birth12. aspiring to one so far above him: desiring earnestly13. those whose souls are one: who understand each other very well14. lead us through devious mazes of passion: helps us get rid of the control of the confusing feelings and emotions of various kinds15.her soul was at a white heat beneath the combined fires of despair and jealousy: she suffered badly from the torture of despair and jealousy16.How often had she started in wild horror: been startled17.in the blessed regions: holy18. futurity: future time19.Her decision had been indicated in an instant: made clear20. anguished deliberation: agonizing self-debating21. presume to set myself up as the one person able to answer it: suppose to regard myself领会：1. Description of the princess, daughter of the semi-barbaric king;2. Her love with enough of barbarism for the young courtier of that fineness of blood and lowness of station3. Her combined fires of despair and jealousy;4. Her decision;5. Structure of the text6. The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.7. Literary genre: the short story简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第六章DULL WORK一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The organization of the text2. Classical Thetoric二．课程内容：DULL WORK三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2.The organization of the text;3. Classical Thetoric四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. assumption that: belief2. eventful lives: lives full of important events3. The opposite is nearer the truth: The fact that people who achieve much are often content with the routine uneventful lives they live4. an unalterable routine: a dull and regular5. transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences: be inspired by seemingly unimportant sudden ideas for the success in great achievements6. what he can do with physiological pressures and hunger: his capacity to suffer illness and hunger7. vexation: discomfort8. seminal: highly original and influencing the development of future events9. equidistant from：equally distant10. insights: understandings11. inordinate humanness shows itself in the ability to make the trivial and common reach anenormous way: excessive human feature is embodied12. exhausts rather than stimulates: exhausts rather than stimulates creative power领会：1.The organization of the text2.Classical Thetoric简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第七章BEAUTY一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.Definition二．课程内容：BEAUTY三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of this unit;2. The organization of the text;3. Definition四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. what we have to call--lamely, enviously--whole persons: helplessly2. it was quite paradoxical: seemingly self-contradictory3.seductive: charming4. One of Socrates' main pedagogical acts was to be ugly: teaching5. we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty: careful about the different aspects of overall excellence6. We …split of--with the greatest facility--the "inside" from the "outside": very easily7. the central place of beauty in classical ideas of human excellence: ancient Greek and Roman8. Christianity set beauty adrift: out of control9. an alienated, arbitrary, …enchantment:, strange and capricious10. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally: questionable in value11. Catholic countries…still retain some vestiges: traces12.of the pagan admiration for beauty:, ancient Greek and Roman13.to the detriment of the notion of beauty: which is harmful to领会：1. The organization of the text;2. Definition简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第八章APPETITE一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.Sentence complexity and rhetorical effect3.Allusion: Oscar Wilde, Irish-born writer. Renowned as a wit in London literary circles, heachieved recognition with The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), a novel. He also wrote plays of lively dialogue, such as The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), and poetry, including The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898).4.Cultural tip: puritanical device and asceticism Puritan: A member of a group of EnglishProtestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries advocated strict religious discipline along with simplification of the ceremonies and creeds of the Church of England. It can also refer to someone who lives in accordance with Protestant precepts, especially one who regards pleasure or luxury as sinful.5. Definition Through Comparison and Example二．课程内容：APPETITE三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of the unit;2. The organization of the text3. Definition Through Comparison and Example四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. Appetite is the keenness of living: strong desire to live on2. you are still curious to exist: eager3. you still have an edge on your longings: are still driven by strong desires4. taste its multitudinous flavours and juices: numerous5. I don't mean the lust for food: overwhelming desire6. any burning in the blood: any strong desire that you have7. who never got their heart's desire: were never satisfied8. I've always preferred wanting to having: being in the state of wanting something to having something9. the whole toffeeness of toffees: appeal for a child to eat toffees10.imperceptibly diminished: unaccountably11.a particular texture: structure of a substance12.deliberate fasting eating no food on purpose13.appetite is too precious to be bludgeoned into insensibility by satiation: destroyed by over-indulgence in what one likes14.I don't really want three square meals a day: good satisfying15.I want one huge, delicious, orgiastic, table-groaning blow-out: exciting, lavish meal heavyenough to cause the table to groan16.a way of anticipating a rare moment of indulgence: expecting领会：1.The organization of the text2.Sentence complexity and rhetorical effect3.Definition Through Comparison and Example简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第九章A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS一．学习目的与要求：To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.This part concerns itself with legal English, so words often used in legal documents should bestudied thoroughly. ①Words denoting unlawfulness: illicit illegal lawless unofficial illegitimate criminal unauthorized unlicensed banned prohibited forbidden ②Words denoting people involved in lawsuit: culprit criminal sinner defendant accused offender plaintiff accuser prosecutor suitor ③words used in traffic laws: Double parking speeding speed limit red-light runner3.Evidence二．课程内容：A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of the unit;2. The organization of the text3. Evidence四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. law and order: the condition of society in which given rules are respected and obeyed2. millions of Americans are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes: violating more frequently3. outlaw litter: unlawful strewing with rubbish4. illicit noise: noise too loud to be permitted5. motorized anarchy: disorder created by motorists6.a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing: thoughtlessly been used to7.supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course: negligence without feeling ashamed8.Scofflaws abounds: people who treat the law with contempt exist in large numbers9.the graffiti-prone: who are prone to cover walls with drawings or writings for fun10.Widespread flurries of ordinances: quantities of commands11.the beer-soaked hooliganism: the disorder of fighting or breaking things committed by excessive beer drinkers12.that plagues many parks: continually troubles13. pot smoker: marijuana addict14.to duck out of public sight to pass round a joint: escape from领会：1.The organization of the text2.Evidence简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第十章STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY一．学习目的与要求：To grasp:1.Author’s definition of STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY.2.The ability to Understand humor in Western context reflects the degree of culturalassimilation over the years of English learning. Ask students to point out the humors effect of these phrases: reaching its terminal stage providentially protectedthe basic opposing argument.3. Casual analysis二．课程内容：STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of the unit;2.The organization of the text3.Author’s definition of STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY.4.Casual analysis四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. a straight-A student: a student who gets A's for all courses taken2. to give him equal time with his widely publicized counterparts: as much attention as paid to those well-known ordinary illiterate people3. a highly articulate student: student who can use language very easily and fluently4. he has been awarded a coveted fellowship: a long-admired sum of money for admittance5. I shall call him, allegorically, Mr. Bright: figuratively6. It…gradually destroys the critical faculties: functions of the mind7. to detect gibberish in his own writing: meaningless talk8. The ordinary illiterate--perhaps providentially protected from college: luckily prevented by their poor ability of learning from entering college9. he is awarded the opportunity to move, inexorably, toward his fellowship: inescapably10.to admire it as profundity: profound matters11. he must grapple with such journals as: try to deal with12.journals bulging with barbarous jargon: full of outrageously meaningless talk or writing13.the pleasure principle: the human instinct of seeking pleasure and avoiding pain14. dichotomize: divide into two part15. bifurcate things: divide into two branches领会：1.The organization of the text2.Author’s definition of STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY.3.Casual analysis简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第十一章ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TO FLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVESTO OBLIVION一．学习目的与要求：To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.Discuss the impact of the development of science and technology on human history. Theyshould understand that the phrase history becomes now can be interpreted in another way.Associate this essay with Things: The Throw-away Society by Alvin Toffler.3.The rhetorical question二．课程内容：ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TO FLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVION三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of the unit;2. The organization of the text;3. The rhetorical question四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. on consigning manuscripts to floppy discs: putting manuscripts into the care of2. even the impoverished writers have turned to their Wangs: poor writers have begun to seek help from their Wangs3. We should deplore the disappearance of manuscripts: regret deeply4. Can this wobbly plastic reveal the hours: shaky5. beauty was born out of despair: the creation of beauty was the result of painstaking work, so much so that sometimes the writer lost hope6. blear-eyed wisdom was out of midnight oil: wisdom imbued in great works was the result of sleepless nights7. Manuscripts tells us what went on in a writer's soul, how he or she felt during the agony of creation: reveals to us the flow of the writer's thought, the strong passion poured into the hard work of creation8. Edna St. Vincent Millay may have burned the candle at both ends and wondered at its lovelylight: worked hard day and night for perfection and still not sure of it9. the copy with an occasional typo: printing error10.the bold handwriting has substituted a vivid verb for a flabby one: chosen a vivid verb to replace a weak one11.to switch a sentence or two around: to change the positions of a sentence or two12.The archives of a city are often musty collections of scribbled scraps of paper: collections of scribbled pieces of paper giving off odor suggestive of mould领会：1.The organization of the text2. The rhetorical question简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第十二章GRANT AND LEE：A STUDY IN CONTRASTS一．学习目的与要求：To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.The collision of different values and traditions, which led to America Civil War much morethoroughly.parison and Contrast二．课程内容：GRANT AND LEE：A STUDY IN CONTRASTS三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of the unit;2.The organization of the text3.The collision of different values and traditions, which led to America Civil War much morethoroughly.parison and Contrast四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. These men were bringing the Civil War to its virtual finish: finish in essence though not formally2. To be sure,: It is true that3.the fugitive Confederate government would struggle desperately: the escaping4. But in effect the war was all over: practically5. the little room…was the scene of one of the poignant, dramatic contrasts in American history: deeply moving6. Back of Robert E. Lee was the notion that: At the back of7. the…concept might somehow survive: in some way8. the age of chivalry: the qualities of knights and institutions and values of the mediaeval Europe9. the rather hazy belief: uncertain。