他克莫司说明书

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普特彼(他克莫司软膏)简要说明书

普特彼(他克莫司软膏)简要说明书

普特彼(他克莫司软膏)说明书【普特彼药品名称】通用名:他克莫司软膏商品名:普特彼英文名:TacrolimusOintment汉语拼音:TaKeMoSiRuanGao【普特彼成份】普特彼主要成份为:他克莫司。

【普特彼性状】普特彼为白色至淡黄色软膏。

【普特彼处方组成】每克普特彼含他克莫司0.03或0.1(w/w),软膏基质为矿物油、石蜡、碳酸丙烯酯、白凡士林和白蜡。

【普特彼药代动力学】综合对49例成年特应性皮炎患者进行的两项药代动力学研究的结果表明,局部应用0.1浓度的普特彼后,他克莫司会被吸收。

单次或多次应用0.1浓度的普特彼后,血中他克莫司峰浓度介于检测不出至20ng/ml之间,49例患者中有45例血药峰浓度值低于5ng/ml。

对20例儿童特应性皮炎患者(年龄6-13岁)进行的药代动力学研究结果表明,应用0.1浓度的普特彼后,所有患者血中他克莫司峰浓度均低于1.6ng/ml。

从血药浓度来看,间歇性局部应用普特彼长达一年也不会导致他克莫司在全身蓄积。

局部应用他克莫司的生物利用度尚不清楚。

以静脉注射他克莫司的历史数据作对比,特应性皮炎患者局部应用普特彼的相对生物利用度低于0.5。

在平均治疗体表面积(BSA)达53的成人中,局部应用普特彼后的吸收量(即AUC)约比肾或肝移植患者将他克莫司作为免疫抑制剂口服的吸收量低30倍。

能引起全身性作用的他克莫司血药浓度目前尚不清楚。

【普特彼适应症】普特彼适用于因潜在危险而不宜使用传统疗法、或对传统疗法反应不充分、或无法耐受传统疗法的中到重度特应性皮炎患者,作为短期或间歇性长期治疗。

0.03和0.1浓度的普特彼均可用于成人,但只有0.03浓度的普特彼可用于2岁及以上的儿童。

【普特彼用法用量】成人0.03和0.1他克莫司软膏在患处皮肤涂上一薄层普特彼,轻轻擦匀,并完全覆盖,一天两次,持续至特应性皮炎症状和体征消失后一周。

封包疗法可能会促进全身性吸收,其安全性未进行过评价。

他克莫司缓释胶囊使用说明

他克莫司缓释胶囊使用说明

他克莫司缓释胶囊【用法用量】1.成人术后接受口服普乐可复治疗的推荐起始剂量:(1)对肝移植患者,口服初始剂量应为按体重每日0.1-0.2mg/kg,分两次口服,术后6小时开始用药。

(2)对肾移植患者,口服初始剂量应为按体重每日0.15-0.3mg/kg,分两次口服,术后24小时内开始用药。

2.对传统免疫抑制剂治疗无效的排斥反应:(1)对发生了排斥反应,且传统免疫抑制剂治疗无效的患者,应开始给予普乐可复治疗,推荐的起始剂量同首次免疫抑制剂量水平。

(2)患者由环孢素转换成普乐可复,普乐可复的首次给药间隔时间不超过24小时。

如果环孢素的血药浓度过高,应进一步延缓给药时间。

3.肝功能不全的患者:对术前及术后肝损的患者必须减量,如早期移植物失功。

4.肾功能不全的患者:根据药代动力学原则无须调整剂量。

然而建议应仔细监测肾功能,包括血清肌酐值,计算肌酐清除率及监测尿量。

血液透析不能减少普乐可复的血中浓度。

5.服药方式:每日服药两次(早晨和晚上),最好用水送服。

建议空腹,或者至少在餐前1小时或餐后2-3小时服用。

如必要可将胶囊内容物悬浮于水,经鼻饲管给药。

【注意事项】1.对下列参数应作常规监测:血压、心电图、视力、血糖浓度、血钾及其他电解质浓度、血肌酐、尿素氮、血液学参数、凝血值及肝功能。

若上述参数发生了有临床意义的变化,应重新审核普乐可复的用量。

2.应经常进行肾功能检测。

在移植术后的头几天内,应特别监测尿量。

如有必要,须调整剂量。

3.2岁以下,EB病毒抗体阴性的儿童患者发生淋巴细胞增生症的危险性高。

因此,对于该年龄组患者,之前应进行EB病毒血清学检查,在用普乐可复时,应仔细监测。

4.普乐可复不能与环孢素合用。

5.普乐可复与视觉及神经系统紊乱有关。

因此服用普乐可复并已出现上述不良作用的患者,不应驾车或操作危险机械。

此种影响可能会因喝酒而加重。

【不良反应】1.由于患者疾病非常严重,且经常是多药合用,与免疫抑制剂相关的通常难以确定。

狼疮疾病治疗药物他克莫司作用适用人群使用注意事项及注意事项

狼疮疾病治疗药物他克莫司作用适用人群使用注意事项及注意事项

狼疮疾病治疗药物他克莫司作用适用人群使用注意事项及注意事项狼疮疾病是一种自身免疫性疾病,主要特征是机体的免疫系统异常激活,导致慢性炎症反应和多系统器官损害。

他克莫司(Tacrolimus)作为一种免疫抑制剂,被广泛应用于狼疮疾病的治疗中。

他克莫司主要通过抑制T淋巴细胞(一种主要参与自身免疫反应的细胞)的活性,从而减轻免疫反应的过度激活,降低机体对自身组织器官的攻击,以减少狼疮疾病的症状和体征。

与其他免疫抑制剂相比,他克莫司的特点是具有较高的选择性,对T细胞的抑制效果明显,而对B细胞和单核细胞的抑制较弱,从而降低了感染的风险。

在狼疮疾病的治疗中,他克莫司可用于控制疾病的活动和减轻症状。

适用人群主要包括狼疮性肾炎、狼疮性脑炎、狼疮性关节炎等器官损伤较为严重的患者。

在使用他克莫司的过程中,需要注意以下事项:1.医生的指导:他克莫司属于处方药物,必须在医生的指导下使用。

医生会根据病情、患者个体差异和临床反应来调整剂量和疗程。

2. 用药剂量:他克莫司的剂量应根据患者的体重、病情和耐受性来确定。

一般来说,初始剂量为0.1-0.2mg/kg,每日应用2次。

随着病情的改善,可逐渐减少剂量至最小有效剂量维持治疗。

3.不良反应:他克莫司的使用可能导致一些不良反应,如皮肤瘙痒、恶心、呕吐、腹泻等。

个别患者可能还会出现高血压、高血糖、肾功能不全等。

如果出现不适,患者应立即告知医生。

4.潜在感染:由于他克莫司的免疫抑制作用,使用过程中患者的免疫力会受到抑制,容易导致感染的发生。

因此,患者在用药期间需要注意个人卫生,避免接触已知感染源,如病毒、细菌等。

5.药物相互作用:他克莫司与一些其他药物可能存在相互作用,如霉酮类抗生素、抗真菌药物、利尿剂等。

在使用他克莫司的同时,患者需告诉医生正在使用的其他药物,以免产生不必要的药物相互作用。

6.孕妇和哺乳期妇女:他克莫司可能对胎儿或婴儿造成不良影响,患者在怀孕或哺乳期间应避免使用。

如有需要,应在医生的指导下评估利弊后再决定是否使用。

他克莫司

他克莫司

他克莫司别名:他克莫司,大环哌南,普乐可复【外文名】Tacrolimus, Prograf, FK506【药理作用】在分子水平,他克莫司的作用显然是利用与细胞性蛋白质(FKBP12)相结合,而在细胞内蓄积产生效用。

FKBP12-他克莫司复合物会专一性地结合以及抑制calcinurin,其会抑制T细胞中所产生钙离子依赖型讯息传导路径作用,因此防止不连续性淋巴因子基因的转录。

本药是具有高度免疫抑制的药物,其活性在体外及体内实验中都已被证实。

本药抑制形成主要移值排斥作用之细胞毒性淋巴球的生成。

本药是具有高度免疫抑制的药物,其活性在体外及体内实验中都已被证实。

本药抑制形成主要移植排斥作用之细胞毒性淋巴球的生成。

本药抑制T细胞的活化作用以及T辅助细胞依赖B细胞的增生作用。

也会抑制如白介素-2、白介素-3及γ-干扰素等淋巴因子的生成与白介素-2受体的表达。

在分子水平,本药的效应似乎是由结合到细胞性蛋白质(FKBP)所产生,此蛋白质也会造成该化合物累积在细胞间。

在体内试验中发现,本药显示出对肝脏及肾脏移植有效。

【适应症】肝脏及肾脏移植的首选免疫抑制药物,肝脏及肾脏移植后排斥反应对传统免疫抑制方案耐药者,也可选用该药物。

【用法用量】下列口服及静脉注射给药之建议剂量只是概略指标,本药的实际剂量应依据别病人的需要而加以调整,建议剂量只有起始剂量,因此治疗过程中应藉由临床判断并辅以他克莫司血中浓度的监测以调整剂量。

口服给药每日剂量分两次投予。

最好是在空腹或至少进食前1hr或进食后2-3hr服用胶囊,以达到最大吸收量。

口服胶囊时,通常须连续服用以抑制移植排斥作用。

并没有治疗期间的限制。

静脉注射给药输注用浓缩液必须在聚乙烯或玻璃瓶中用5%葡萄糖注射或者生理盐水稀释。

所形成的最终输注用溶液的浓度必须在0.004-0.1mg/ml范围间。

24hr内输注20-250ml。

此溶液不可以一次全量快速注释给药。

当患者的状况允许时,应尽快将静脉注射疗法改为口服疗法。

他克莫司胶囊说明书

他克莫司胶囊说明书

他克莫司胶囊说明书通用名:他克莫司胶囊生产厂家: 浙江海正药业股份有限公司批准文号:国药准字H20214386药品规格:0.5mg*50粒药品价格:¥1008元【通用名称】他克莫司胶囊【商品名称】他克莫司胶囊福美欣【拼音全码】TaKeMoSiJiaoNangFuMeiXin【主要成份】主要成分为他克莫司。

【性状】他克莫司胶囊福美欣为胶囊剂。

【适应症/功能主治】预防肝脏或肾脏移植术后的移植物排斥反应。

治疗肝脏或肾脏移植术后应用其他免疫抑制药物无法控制的移植物排斥反应。

【规格型号】1mg*50s【用法用量】肝肾移植初始免疫抑制治疗,肝移植:0.10~0.20mg/kg*d,肾移植:0.15~0.30mg/kg*d。

以上均分2次,饭前1h或饭后2h口服给药。

首次剂量在肝移植术6h 以后和肾移植24h内给予。

如患者不能口服,可静脉给药,肝移植者:0.01~0.05mg/kg*d;肾移植者0.05~0.10mg/kg*d,均24h持续静滴。

根据血药浓度调整剂量。

对传统免疫抑制治疗无效的肝、肾移植的排斥,其首次剂量与初始免疫抑制治疗方案的剂量相同。

维持治疗:剂量常可减少,主要依据临床上对排斥的估计和患者的耐受性。

老人使用经验有限,但没有证据要调整剂量。

儿童:对于首选治疗,开始剂量应是成人推荐量的1.5~2倍,以达预期的血药浓度。

肝损害患者应减量。

每日服药两次早晨和晚上,好用水送服。

建议空腹,或者至少在餐前1小时或餐后2-3小时服用。

如必要可将胶囊内容物悬浮于水,经鼻饲管给药。

若患者临床状况不能口服,首剂须静脉给药。

【不良反应】1、由于患者疾病非常严重,且经常是多药合用,与免疫抑制剂相关的不良反应通常难以确定。

2、有证据表明下述的多种不良反应均为可逆性,减量可使其减轻或消失。

与静脉给药相比,口服给药的不良反应发生率较低。

3、多数患者似乎在术后初几周出现较多的不良反应,可能与高剂量静脉用药有关。

【禁忌】妊娠、对他克莫司或其他大环内酯类药物过敏者、对胶囊中其他成份过敏者。

器官移植他克莫司用药指南完整版

器官移植他克莫司用药指南完整版

器官移植他克莫司用药指南Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】器官移植:他克莫司个体化用药指南示例:基因检测结果:(GG基因型)结论:该女性肾移植患者,他克莫司代谢酶为CYP3A5*3/*3,即代谢酶活性大部分缺失,药物易蓄积。

个体化给药建议:1、建议此基因型的女性患者,初始给药剂量为:± kg/d。

(注:通常建议此基因型男性患者给药剂量为:± kg/d,但该患者为女性,其他克莫司清除率为男性的倍。

)2、以 mg/kg/d为初始剂量,分两次口服,术后24小时内开始用药。

然后,根据血药浓度监测结果进一步微调。

3、对于CYP3A5*3/*3基因型者,从初始剂量起,可以按照每季度大概减少15%剂量的降阶梯方式下调剂量,从而达到目标谷浓度。

4、上述用药指导,仅根据药物基因组学领域循证医学证据得出。

影响他克莫司谷浓度的因素众多,尚需结合临床实际,以及血药浓度监测结果,进一步据实调整给药剂量,从而达到治疗目的。

研究显示,根据基因检测结果制定给药剂量,可以使谷浓度尽快达标。

说明:(此说明应附于检测报告之后)1、他克莫司(普乐可复、FK506),治疗窗窄而药代动力学存在非常大的个体间差异,临床上需要检测血药浓度并根据血药浓度的结果调整剂量,以达到治疗目的的同时避免发生严重不良反应。

2、在术后早期尽快达到目标治疗浓度可以降低早期排斥的发生,有利于器官的长期存活。

3、进食可以减少他克莫司的吸收,使其浓度曲线下面积(AUC)下降25-40%。

因此,强调空服或餐后2小时后服药。

4、他克莫司主要在肝脏和肠粘膜被CYP3A酶系代谢,原形药物在尿液和粪便中的排泄不到%。

虽然文献报道CYP3A4和CYP3A5基因型差异,是造成他克莫司代谢差异的主要原因。

研究发现CYP3A4*1B与CYP3A5*1强连锁,CYP3A4*1B的代谢效应,实际可归因于CYP3A5*1。

他克莫司胶囊说明书

他克莫司胶囊说明书

他克莫司胶囊以下内容仅供参考,请以药品包装盒中的说明书为准。

妊娠:慎用哺乳:服用本药后应停止哺乳核准日期:2009年09月30日修改日期:2009年10月23日2016年05月31日2016年08月29日2017年04月21日他克莫司胶囊说明书请仔细阅读说明书并在医师指导下使用警示语:由于免疫抑制,发生淋巴瘤和其他恶性肿瘤,尤其是皮肤癌的风险增加;对细菌、病毒、真菌和原虫感染包括机会感染在内的易感性增加。

本品应由有免疫抑制治疗和器官移植病人管理经验的医师处方。

服用本品的患者应由配备足够实验室设备和医护人员的医疗机构进行随访。

负责维持治疗的医师应掌握进行随访所需的全部信息。

【药品名称】通用名称:他克莫司胶囊英文名称:Tacrolimus Capsules汉语拼音:Takemosi Jiaonang【成份】本品主要成份为他克莫司。

【性状】本品为硬胶囊,内容物为白色或类白色粉末。

【适应症】预防肝脏或肾脏移植术后的移植物排斥反应。

治疗肝脏或肾脏移植术后应用其他免疫抑制药物无法控制的移植物排斥反应。

【规格】0.5mg(以他克莫司计)【用法用量】他克莫司的治疗需要在配备有充足实验设备和人员的条件下密切监测。

只有在免疫抑制治疗和移植患者管理方面有经验的医师才可处方他克莫司和改变免疫抑制治疗方案。

不慎、无意或在无监督下的他克莫司胶囊和他克莫司缓释胶囊之间的转换是不安全的。

这可能导致移植物排斥或增加不良反应发生,包括由于他克莫司全身暴露的临床相关差异而导致的免疫抑制不足或过度。

患者应维持他克莫司单一剂型及相应的日给药方案进行治疗。

改变剂型或调整剂量只能在移植专家严密的监督下进行。

任何剂型转换后,都需要监测治疗药物,并调整剂量以保证他克莫司的全身暴露前后一致。

以下推荐起始剂量仅作一般指导。

给药剂量主要基于对个体患者排斥反应和耐受性的临床评价辅以血药浓度监测(参见以下推荐目标全血谷浓度)。

如果排斥反应临床症状明显,则应考虑改变免疫抑制治疗方案。

他克莫司胶囊(福美欣)的说明书

他克莫司胶囊(福美欣)的说明书

他克莫司胶囊(福美欣)的说明书肝胆胰腺类的疾病往往都吃吃出来的疾病,如今的社会经济发展快,各种应酬应接不暇,在交杯换盏过后难免患上各种肝胆胰腺类的疾病,这是难以避免的。

对于这一类的疾病治疗,选择他克莫司胶囊(福美欣)能够拥有非常好的治疗效果,患者服用他克莫司胶囊(福美欣)过后能明显感觉出身体的变化。

【药品名称】通用名称:他克莫司胶囊商品名称:他克莫司胶囊(福美欣)英文名称:Tacrolimus Capsules拼音全码:TaKeMoSiJiaoNang(FuMeiXin)【主要成份】主要成分为他克莫司。

【性状】本品为胶囊剂。

【适应症/功能主治】预防肝脏或肾脏移植术后的移植物排斥反应。

治疗肝脏或肾脏移植术后应用其他免疫抑制药物无法控制的移植物排斥反应。

【规格型号】0.5mg*50s【用法用量】肝肾移植初始免疫抑制治疗,肝移植:0.10~0.20mg/(kg*d),肾移植:0.15~0.30mg/(kg*d)。

以上均分2次,饭前1h或饭后2h口服给药。

首次剂量在肝移植术6h以后和肾移植24h内给予。

如患者不能口服,可静脉给药,肝移植者:0.01~0.05mg/(kg*d);肾移植者0.05~0.10mg/(kg*d),均24h 持续静滴。

根据血药浓度调整剂量。

对传统免疫抑制治疗无效的肝、肾移植的排斥,其首次剂量与初始免疫抑制治疗方案的剂量相同。

维持治疗:剂量常可减少,主要依据临床上对排斥的估计和患者的耐受性。

老人使用经验有限,但没有证据要调整剂量。

儿童:对于首选治疗,开始剂量应是成人推荐量的1.5~2倍,以达预期的血药浓度。

肝损害患者应减量。

每日服药两次(早晨和晚上),最好用水送服。

建议空腹,或者至少在餐前1小时或餐后2-3小时服用。

如必要可将胶囊内容物悬浮于水,经鼻饲管给药。

若患者临床状况不能口服,首剂须静脉给药。

【不良反应】1、由于患者疾病非常严重,且经常是多药合用,与免疫抑制剂相关的不良反应通常难以确定。

普特彼(他克莫司软膏)使用说明

普特彼(他克莫司软膏)使用说明

普特彼(他克莫司软膏)【用法用量】成人0.03%和0.1%他克莫司软膏在患处皮肤涂上一薄层本品,轻轻擦匀,并完全覆盖,一天两次,持续至特应性皮炎症状和体征消失后一周。

封包疗法可能会促进全身性吸收,其安全性未进行过评价。

本品不应采用封包敷料外用。

儿童0.03%他克莫司软膏在患处皮肤涂上一薄层本品,轻轻擦匀,并完全覆盖,一天两次,持续至特应性皮炎症状和体征消失后一周。

封包疗法可能会促进全身性吸收,其安全性未进行过评价。

本品不应采用封包敷料外用。

【注意事项】1.肝肾功能不全、糖尿病、高钾血症、心室肥大、有神经性毒性表现者,如震颤、头痛、共济失调、精神状态改变等慎用。

2.对老年患者用药的临床数据较少,但均提示应与其它成人剂量相同。

3.肝肾移植的维持治疗阶段,必须持续使用本品来维持移植物功能。

推荐需根据患者个体差异来定。

在维持治疗期间有本品用量逐渐减少的趋势。

剂量调整主要根据对排斥反应的临床治疗效果和患者的耐受性判断。

4.妊娠时禁用本品,动物实验(小鼠及兔子)表明,本品具有致畸作用,并且某些剂量还显示出对母体具有毒性。

临床前及临床数据表明,该药能透过胎盘。

因此在应用本品前应排除妊娠的可能性。

本品能干扰口服避孕药的代谢,应改用其它方式避孕。

临床前兔身上的试验表明,本品分泌进乳汁。

5.哺乳期使用本品的经验有限。

不能排除对新生儿的有害影响,妇女患者在使用本品时不应哺乳。

6.本品用量应根据临床诊断辅以全血药物浓度相应调整,其全血药物浓度在20ng/ml均能取得较好效果。

由于其半衰期长,调整剂量需要几天时间才能真正反映其血液中药物浓度的变化。

剂量和血药浓度的调节必须是在负责管理患者的移植中心。

【不良反应】在服用本品期间,如果感到不适要尽快告诉医师或药师。

情况紧急可先停止服药。

详情请看说明书。

【禁忌】1.妊娠禁用。

2.本品化学结构属于大环内酯类,对他克莫司或其它大环内酯类药物过敏者、对胶囊中其它成份过敏者禁用。

【适应症】本品适用于因潜在危险而不宜使用传统疗法、或对传统疗法反应不充分、或无法耐受传统疗法的中到重度特应性皮炎患者,作为短期或间歇性长期治疗。

他克莫司软膏说明书(英文PDR)

他克莫司软膏说明书(英文PDR)

PDR? Electronic Library(TM)This report is based solely on product labeling as published by Physicians?Desk Reference ? Copyright ?2003 Thomson Medical Economics. All rights reserved.Report generated 09-06-2004 at 08:02 pmProtopic Ointment(Fujisawa)FOR DERMATOLOGIC USE ONLYNOT FOR OPHTHALMIC USEDESCRIPTIONPROTOPIC (tacrolimus) Ointment contains tacrolimus, a macrolide immunosuppressant produced by Streptomyces tsukubaensis . It is for topical dermatologic use only. Chemically, tacrolimus is designated as [3 S -[3 R *[ E (1 S *,3 S *,4 S *)],4 S *,5 R *,8 S *,9 E ,12 R *,14 R *, 15 S *, 16 R *,18 S *,19 S *,26a R *]] - 5,6,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18, 19,24,25,26,26a-hexadecahydro-5,19-dihydroxy-3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)-1-methylethenyl]-14,16-dimethoxy-4,10,12,18-tetramethyl-8-(2-propenyl)-15, 19-epoxy-3H-pyrido[2,1- c ][1,4]oxaazacyclotricosine-1,7,20,21(4H,23H)-tetrone, monohydrate. It has the following structural formula:Tacrolimus has an empirical formula of C44 H69NO12·H2O and a formula weight of 822.05. Each gram of PROTOPIC Ointmentcontains (w/w) either 0.03% or 0.1% of tacrolimus in a base of mineral oil, paraffin, propylene carbonate, white petrolatum and white wax.CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGYMechanism of ActionThe mechanism of action of tacrolimus in atopic dermatitis is not known. While the following have been observed, the clinicalsignificance of these observations in atopic dermatitis is not known. It has been demonstrated that tacrolimus inhibits T-lymphocyte activation by first binding to an intracellular protein, FKBP-12. A complex of tacrolimus-FKBP-12, calcium, calmodulin, and calcineurin is then formed and the phosphatase activity of calcineurin is inhibited. This effect has been shown to prevent the dephosphorylation and translocation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a nuclear component thought to initiate genetranscription for the formation of lymphokines (such as interleukin-2, gamma interferon). Tacrolimus also inhibits the transcription for genes which encode IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, GM-CSF, and TNF-(alpha), all of which are involved in the early stages of T-cell activation. Additionally, tacrolimus has been shown to inhibit the release of pre-formed mediators from skin mast cells and basophils, and to downregulate the expression of Fc[egr ]Rl on Langerhans cells. PharmacokineticsThe pooled results from two pharmacokinetic studies in 49 adult atopic dermatitis patients indicate that tacrolimus is absorbed after the topical application of 0.1% PROTOPIC Ointment. Peak tacrolimus blood concentrations ranged from undetectable to 20 ng/mL after single or multiple doses of 0.1% PROTOPIC Ointment, with 45 of the 49 patients having peak blood concentrations less than 5ng/mL. The results from a pharmacokinetic study of 0.1% PROTOPIC Ointment in 20 pediatric atopic dermatitis patients (ages 6-13 years), show peak tacrolimus blood concentrations below 1.6 ng/mL in all patients.There was no evidence based on blood concentrations that tacrolimus accumulates systemically upon intermittent topical application for periods of up to 1 year. The absolute bioavailability of topical tacrolimus is unknown. Using IV historical data for comparison, the bioavailability of tacrolimus from PROTOPIC in atopic dermatitis patients is less than 0.5%. In adults with an average of 53% BSA treated, exposure (i.e., AUC) of tacrolimus from PROTOPIC is approximately 30-fold less than that seen with oralimmunosuppressive doses in kidney and liver transplant patients. The lowest tacrolimus blood level at which systemic effects can be observed is not known. CLINICAL STUDIESThree randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, multi-center, phase 3 studies were conducted to evaluate PROTOPIC Ointment for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. One (Pediatric) study included 351 patients 2-15 years of age, and the other two (Adult) studies included a total of 632 patients 15-79 years of age. Fifty-five percent (55%) of the patients were women and 27% were black. At baseline, 58% of the patients had severe disease and the mean body surface area (BSA) affected was 46%. Over 80% of patients had atopic dermatitis affecting the face and/or neck region. In these studies, patients applied eitherPROTOPIC Ointment 0.03%, PROTOPIC Ointment 0.1%, or vehicle ointment twice daily to 10%-100% of their BSA for up to 12 weeks.In the pediatric study, a significantly greater (p < 0.001) percentage of patients achieved at least 90% improvement based on the physician's global evaluation of clinical response (the pre-defined primary efficacy end point) in the PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03% treatment group compared to the vehicle treatment group, but there was insufficient evidence that PROTOPIC Ointment 0.1% provided more efficacy than PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03%.In both adult studies, a significantly greater (p < 0.001) percentage of patients achieved at least 90% improvement based on the physician's global evaluation of clinical response in the PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03% and PROTOPIC Ointment 0.1% treatmentgroups compared to the vehicle treatment group. There was evidence that PROTOPIC Ointment 0.1% may provide more efficacy than PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03%. The difference in efficacy between PROTOPIC Ointment 0.1% and 0.03% was particularly evident in adult patients with severe disease at baseline, adults with extensive BSA involvement, and black adults. Response rates for each treatment group are shown below by age groups. Because the two adult studies were identically designed, the results from these studies were pooled in this table.A statistically significant difference in the percentage of adult patients with >/= 90% improvement was achieved by week 1 for those treated with PROTOPIC Ointment 0.1%, and by week 3 for those treated with PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03%. A statistically significant difference in the percentage of pediatric patients with >/= 90% improvement was achieved by week 2 for those treated with PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03%.In adult patients who had achieved >/= 90% improvement at the end of treatment, 35% of those treated with PROTOPIC OintmentGlobal Improvement over Baseline at the End-of-Treatment in Three Phase 3 Studies Physician's Global Evaluation of Clinical Response (% Improvement)Pediatric Study (2-15 Years of Age) Adult StudiesVehicle Ointment N = 116 PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03% N = 117VehicleOintment N = 212 PROTOPICOintment 0.03% N = 211PROTOPIC Ointment 0.1% N = 209100% 4 (3%) 14 (12%) 2 (1%) 21 (10%) 20 (10%) >/=90% 8 (7%) 42 (36%) 14 (7%) 58 (28%) 77 (37%) >/=75% 18 (16%) 65 (56%) 30 (14%) 97 (46%) 117 (56%) >/=50%31 (27%)85 (73%)42 (20%)130 (62%)152 (73%)0.03% and 41% of those treated with PROTOPIC Ointment 0.1%, regressed from this state of improvement at 2 weeks after end-of-treatment. In pediatric patients who had achieved >/= 90% improvement, 54% of those treated with PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03% regressed from this state of improvement at 2 weeks after end-of-treatment. Because patients were not followed for longer than 2 weeks after end-of-treatment, it is not known how many additional patients regressed at periods longer than 2 weeks after cessation of therapy.In both PROTOPIC Ointment treatment groups in adults and in the PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03% treatment group in pediatric patients, a significantly greater improvement compared to vehicle (p < 0.001) was observed in the secondary efficacy endpoints of percent body surface area involved, patient evaluation of pruritus, erythema, edema, excoriation, oozing, scaling, and lichenification. The following two graphs depict the time course of improvement in the percent body surface area affected in adult and in pediatric patients as a result of treatment.The following two graphs depict the time course of improvement in erythema in adult and in pediatric patients as a result of treatment.The time course of improvement in the remaining secondary efficacy variables was similar to that of erythema, with improvement in lichenification slightly slower.A total of 571 patients applied PROTOPIC Ointment 0.1% in long-term adult and pediatric safety studies for up to one year. In the adult study, 246 patients were evaluated for at least 6 months and 68 patients for 12 months. In the pediatric study, 219 patients were evaluated for at least 6 months and 180 patients for 12 months. On average, patients received treatment for 87% of study days.INDICATIONS AND USAGEPROTOPIC Ointment, both 0.03% and 0.1% for adults, and only 0.03% for children aged 2 to 15 years, is indicated for short-term and intermittent long-term therapy in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in whom the use of alternative, conventional therapies are deemed inadvisable because of potential risks, or in the treatment of patients who are not adequately responsive to or are intolerant of alternative, conventional therapies.CONTRAINDICATIONSPROTOPIC Ointment is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to tacrolimus or any other component of the preparation.PRECAUTIONSGeneralStudies have not evaluated the safety and efficacy of PROTOPIC Ointment in the treatment of clinically infected atopic dermatitis. Before commencing treatment with PROTOPIC Ointment, clinical infections at treatment sites should be cleared.While patients with atopic dermatitis are predisposed to superficial skin infections including eczema herpeticum (Kaposi's varicelliform eruption), treatment with PROTOPIC Ointment may be associated with an increased risk of varicella zoster virus infection (chicken pox or shingles), herpes simplex virus infection, or eczema herpeticum. In the presence of these infections, the balance of risks and benefits associated with PROTOPIC Ointment use should be evaluated.In clinical studies, 33 cases of lymphadenopathy (0.8%) were reported and were usually related to infections (particularly of the skin) and noted to resolve upon appropriate antibiotic therapy. Of these 33 cases, the majority had either a clear etiology or were known to resolve. Transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive regimens (e.g., systemic tacrolimus) are at increased risk for developing lymphoma; therefore, patients who receive PROTOPIC Ointment and who develop lymphadenopathy should have the etiology of their lymphadenopathy investigated. In the absence of a clear etiology for the lymphadenopathy, or in the presence of acute infectious mononucleosis, discontinuation of PROTOPIC Ointment should be considered. Patients who develop lymphadenopathy should be monitored to ensure that the lymphadenopathy resolves.The enhancement of ultraviolet carcinogenicity is not necessarily dependent on phototoxic mechanisms. Despite the absence of observed phototoxicity in humans (see ADVERSE REACTIONS ), PROTOPIC Ointment shortened the time to skin tumor formation in an animal photocarcinogenicity study (see Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility ). Therefore, it is prudent for patients to minimize or avoid natural or artificial sunlight exposure.The use of PROTOPIC Ointment may cause local symptoms such as skin burning (burning sensation, stinging, soreness) or pruritus. Localized symptoms are most common during the first few days of PROTOPIC Ointment application and typically improve as the lesions of atopic dermatitis heal. With PROTOPIC Ointment 0.1%, 90% of the skin burning events had a duration between 2 minutes and 3 hours (median 15 minutes). Ninety percent of the pruritus events had a duration between 3 minutes and 10 hours (median 20 minutes).The use of PROTOPIC Ointment in patients with Netherton's Syndrome is not recommended due to the potential for increased systemic absorption of tacrolimus. The safety of PROTOPIC Ointment has not been established in patients with generalized erythroderma.Information for Patients(See patient package insert)Patients using PROTOPIC Ointment should receive the following information and instructions:1.Patients should use PROTOPIC Ointment as directed by the physician. PROTOPIC Ointment is for external use only. As withany topical medication, patients or caregivers should wash hands after application if hands are not an area for treatment.2.Patients should minimize or avoid exposure to natural or artificial sunlight (tanning beds or UVA/B treatment) while usingPROTOPIC Ointment.3.Patients should not use this medication for any disorder other than that for which it was prescribed.4.Patients should report any signs of adverse reactions to their physician.5.Before applying PROTOPIC Ointment after a bath or shower, be sure your skin is completely dry.Drug InteractionsFormal topical drug interaction studies with PROTOPIC Ointment have not been conducted. Based on its minimal extent of absorption, interactions of PROTOPIC Ointment with systemically administered drugs are unlikely to occur but cannot be ruled out. The concomitant administration of known CYP3A4 inhibitors in patients with widespread and/or erythrodermic disease should be done with caution. Some examples of such drugs are erythromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, calcium channel blockers and cimetidine.Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of FertilityNo evidence of genotoxicity was seen in bacterial ( Salmonella and E. coli ) or mammalian (Chinese hamster lung-derived cells) in vitro assays of mutagenicity, the in vitro CHO/HGPRT assay of mutagenicity, or in vivo clastogenicity assays performed in mice. Tacrolimus did not cause unscheduled DNA synthesis in rodent hepatocytes.Oral (feed) carcinogenicity studies have been carried out with systemically administered tacrolimus in male and female rats and mice. In the 80-week mouse study and in the 104-week rat study no relationship of tumor incidence to tacrolimus dosage was found at daily doses up to 3 mg/kg [9X the Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) based on AUC comparisons] and 5 mg/kg (3X the MRHD based on AUC comparisons), respectively.A 104-week dermal carcinogenicity study was performed in mice with tacrolimus ointment (0.03%-3%), equivalent to tacrolimus doses of 1.1-118 mg/kg/day or 3.3-354 mg/m 2 /day. In the study, the incidence of skin tumors was minimal and the topical application of tacrolimus was not associated with skin tumor formation under ambient room lighting. However, a statistically significant elevation in the incidence of pleomorphic lymphoma in high dose male (25/50) and female animals (27/50) and in the incidence of undifferentiated lymphoma in high dose female animals (13/50) was noted in the mouse dermal carcinogenicity study. Lymphomas were noted in the mouse dermal carcinogenicity study at a daily dose of 3.5 mg/kg (0.1% tacrolimus ointment) (26X MRHD based on AUC comparisons). No drug-related tumors were noted in the mouse dermal carcinogenicity study at a daily dose of 1.1 mg/kg (0.03% tacrolimus ointment) (10X MRHD based on AUC comparisons).In a 52-week photocarcinogenicity study, the median time to onset of skin tumor formation was decreased in hairless mice following chronic topical dosing with concurrent exposure to UV radiation (40 weeks of treatment followed by 12 weeks of observation) with tacrolimus ointment at >/=0.1% tacrolimus.Reproductive toxicology studies were not performed with topical tacrolimus. In studies of oral tacrolimus no impairment of fertility was seen in male and female rats. Tacrolimus, given orally at 1.0 mg/kg (0.12X MRHD based on body surface area [BSA]) to male and female rats, prior to and during mating, as well as to dams during gestation and lactation, was associated with embryolethality and with adverse effects on female reproduction. Effects on female reproductive function (parturition) and embryolethal effects were indicated by a higher rate of pre-implantation loss and increased numbers of undelivered and nonviable pups. When given at 3.2mg/kg (0.43X MRHD based on BSA), tacrolimus was associated with maternal and paternal toxicity as well as reproductive toxicity including marked adverse effects on estrus cycles, parturition, pup viability, and pup malformations.PregnancyTeratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category CThere are no adequate and well-controlled studies of topically administered tacrolimus in pregnant women. The experience with PROTOPIC Ointment when used by pregnant women is too limited to permit assessment of the safety of its use during pregnancy. Reproduction studies were carried out with systemically administered tacrolimus in rats and rabbits. Adverse effects on the fetus were observed mainly at oral dose levels that were toxic to dams. Tacrolimus at oral doses of 0.32 and 1.0 mg/kg (0.04X-0.12X MRHD based on BSA) during organogenesis in rabbits was associated with maternal toxicity as well as an increase in incidence of abortions. At the higher dose only, an increased incidence of malformations and developmental variations was also seen. Tacrolimus, at oral doses of 3.2 mg/kg during organogenesis in rats, was associated with maternal toxicity and caused an increase in late resorptions, decreased numbers of live births, and decreased pup weight and viability. Tacrolimus, given orally at 1.0 and 3.2 mg/kg (0.04X-0.12X MRHD based on BSA) to pregnant rats after organogenesis and during lactation, was associated with reduced pup weights.No reduction in male or female fertility was evident.There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of systemically administered tacrolimus in pregnant women. Tacrolimus is transferred across the placenta. The use of systemically administered tacrolimus during pregnancy has been associated with neonatal hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction. PROTOPIC Ointment should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the mother justifies a potential risk to the fetus.Nursing MothersAlthough systemic absorption of tacrolimus following topical applications of PROTOPIC Ointment is minimal relative to systemic administration, it is known that tacrolimus is excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from tacrolimus, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.Pediatric UsePROTOPIC Ointment 0.03% may be used in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older. Two phase 3 pediatric studies were conducted involving 606 patients 2-15 years of age: one 12-week randomized vehicle-controlled study and one open-label, 1 year, long-term safety study. Three hundred and thirty (330) of these patients were 2 to 6 years of age.The most common adverse events associated with PROTOPIC Ointment application in pediatric patients were skin burning and pruritus (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). In addition to skin burning and pruritus, the less common events (<5%) of varicella zoster (mostly children pox), and vesiculobullous rash were more frequent in patients treated with PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03% compared to vehicle. In the long-term 1 year safety study involving 255 pediatric patients using PROTOPIC Ointment, the incidence of adverse events, including infections, did not increase with increased duration of study drug exposure or amount of ointment used. In 491 pediatric patients treated with PROTOPIC Ointment, 3(0.6%) developed eczema herpeticum. Since the safety and efficacy of PROTOPIC Ointment have not been established in pediatric patients below 2 years of age, its use in this age group is not recommended.Geriatric UseTwenty-five (25) patients >/= 65 years old received PROTOPIC Ointment in phase 3 studies. The adverse event profile for these patients was consistent with that for other adult patients.ADVERSE REACTIONSNo phototoxicity and no photoallergenicity was detected in clinical studies of 12 and 216 normal volunteers, respectively. One out of 198 normal volunteers showed evidence of sensitization in a contact sensitization study.In three randomized vehicle-controlled studies and two long-term safety studies, 655 and 571 patients respectively, were treated with PROTOPIC Ointment.The following table depicts the adjusted incidence of adverse events pooled across the 3 identically designed 12 week studies for patients in vehicle, PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03%, and PROTOPIC Ointment 0.1% treatment groups, and the unadjusted incidence of adverse events in two one year long-term safety studies, regardless of relationship to study drug.Phase 3 Studies12-Week Adjusted Incidence Rate (%) Tacrolimius Ointment Incidence(%)Adult Pediatric Adult PediatricVehicle n=2120.03%TacrolimusOintmentn=2100.1%TacrolimusOintmentn=209Vehiclen=1160.03%TacrolimusOintmentn=118 n=316 n=255Skin Burning †26 46 58 29 43 47 26 Pruritus †37 46 46 27 41 25 25 Flu-like symptoms †19 23 31 25 28 22 35 Allergic Reaction 8 12 6 8 4 22 15 Skin Erythema 20 25 28 13 12 12 9 Headache †11 20 19 8 5 10 18 Skin Infection 11 12 5 14 10 11 11 Fever 4 4 1 13 21 2 18 Infection 1 1 2 9 7 14 8 Cough Increased 2 1 1 14 18 3 15 Asthma 4 6 4 6 6 5 16 Herpes Simplex 4 4 4 2 0 12 5 Eczema Herpeticum 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 Pharyngitis 3 3 4 11 6 5 10 Accidental Injury 4 3 6 3 6 4 12 Pustular Rash 2 3 4 3 2 6 8 Folliculitis † 1 6 4 0 2 11 2 Rhinitis 4 3 2 2 6 5 5 Otitis Media 4 0 1 6 12 1 7 Sinusitis † 1 4 2 8 3 3 7 Diarrhea 3 3 4 2 5 4 6 Urticaria 3 3 6 1 1 5 5 Lack of Drug Effect 1 1 0 1 1 10 2 Bronchitis 0 2 2 3 3 3 6 Vomiting 0 1 1 7 6 1 5 Maculopapular Rash 2 2 2 3 0 4 3 Rash † 1 5 2 4 2 2 5 Abdominal Pain 3 1 1 2 3 1 5 Fungal Dermatitis 0 2 1 3 0 2 6 Gastroenteritis 1 2 2 3 0 4 2 Alcohol Intolerance †0 3 7 0 0 6 0 Acne † 2 4 7 1 0 2 4 Sunburn 1 2 1 0 0 4 4 Skin Disorder 2 2 1 1 4 1 4 Conjunctivitis 0 2 2 2 1 4 2 Pain 1 2 1 0 1 4 3 Vesiculobullous Rash† 3 3 2 0 4 2 2 Lymphadenopathy 2 2 1 0 3 2 3 Nausea 4 3 2 0 1 1 2 Skin Tingling † 2 3 8 1 2 2 1 Face Edema 2 2 1 2 1 3 1 Dyspepsia † 1 1 4 0 0 1 4Other adverse events which occurred at an incidence greater than or equal to 1% in any clinical study include: alopecia, ALT or AST increased, anaphylactoid reaction, angina pectoris, angioedema, anorexia, anxiety, arrhythmia, arthralgia, arthritis, bilirubinemia, breast pain, cellulitis, cerebrovascular accident, cheilitis, chills, constipation, creatinine increased, dehydration, depression, dizziness, dyspnea, ear pain, ecchymosis, edema, epistaxis, exacerbation of untreated area, eye disorder, eye pain, furunculosis, gastritis, hemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, laryngitis, leukocytosis, leukopenia, liver function tests abnormal, lung disorder, malaise, migraine, neck pain, neuritis, palpitations, paresthesia, peripheral vascular disorder, photosensitivity reaction, procedural complication, routine procedure, skin discoloration, sweating, taste perversion, tooth disorder, unintended pregnancy, vaginal moniliasis, vasodilatation, and vertigo. OVERDOSAGEPROTOPIC Ointment is not for oral use. Oral ingestion of PROTOPIC Ointment may lead to adverse effects associated with systemic administration of tacrolimus. If oral ingestion occurs, medical advice should be sought. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ADULTPROTOPIC Ointment 0.03% and 0.1%Apply a thin layer of PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03% or 0.1% to the affected skin areas twice daily and rub in gently and completely. Treatment should be continued for one week after clearing of signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis.The safety of PROTOPIC Ointment under occlusion which may promote systemic exposure, has not been evaluated. PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03% and 0.1% should not be used with occlusive dressings. PEDIATRICPROTOPIC Ointment 0.03%Apply a thin layer of PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03% to the affected skin areas twice daily and rub in gently and completely. Treatment should be continued for one week after clearing of signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis. The safety of PROTOPIC Ointment under occlusion, which may promote systemic exposure, has not been evaluated. PROTOPIC Ointment 0.03% should not be used with occlusive dressings.Dry Skin 7 3 3 0 1 0 1 Hyperesthesia † 1 3 7 0 0 3 0 Skin Neoplasm Benign ‡‡ 1 1 1 0 0 2 3 Back Pain † 0 2 2 1 1 3 1 Peripheral Edema 2 4 3 0 0 2 1 Varicella Zoster/ Herpes Zoster ‡ 0 1 0 0 5 1 3 Contact Dermatitis 1 3 3 3 4 1 1 Asthenia 1 2 3 0 0 2 1 Pneumonia 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 Eczema 2 2 2 0 0 3 0 Insomnia 3 4 3 1 1 1 0 Exfoliative Dermatitis 3 3 1 0 0 0 2 Dysmenorrhea 2 4 4 0 0 0 2 Periodontal Abscess 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 Myalgia † 0 3 2 0 0 1 0 Cyst †13† May be reasonably associated with the use of this drug product.‡ Four cases of chicken pox in the pediatric 12-week study, 1 case of "zoster of the lip" in the adult 12-week study; 7 cases ofchicken pox and 1 case of shingles in the open-label pediatric study; 2 cases of herpes zoster in the open-label adult study.‡‡ Generally "warts".Patient Information AboutProtopic® (tacrolimus) OintmentRead this important information before you start using PROTOPIC [pro-TOP-ik] Ointment and each time you refill your prescription. There may be new information. This summary is not meant to take the place of your doctor's advice.What is PROTOPIC?PROTOPIC Ointment is a prescription medicine that is used to treat eczema (atopic dermatitis). It is for adults and children age 2 years and older. You can use PROTOPIC for short or intermittent long periods of treatment. Intermittent means starting and stopping repeatedly, as directed by your doctor. You can use it on all affected areas of your skin, including your face and neck.Who should not use PROTOPIC?Do not use PROTOPIC if you arel breastfeedingl allergic to PROTOPIC Ointment or any of its ingredients. The active ingredient is tacrolimus. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about the inactive ingredients.Before you start using PROTOPIC, tell your doctor if you are:l using any other prescription medicines, non-prescription (over-the-counter) medicines, or supplementsl receiving any form of light therapy (phototherapy, UVA or UVB) on your skinl using any other type of skin productl pregnant or planning to become pregnantHow do I use PROTOPIC?Use PROTOPIC only to treat eczema that has been diagnosed by a doctor.l Wash your hands before using PROTOPIC.l Apply a thin layer of PROTOPIC to all skin areas that your doctor has diagnosed as eczema. Try to cover the affected areas completely. Most people find that a pea-sized amount squeezed from the tube covers an area about the size of a two-inchcircle (approximately the size of a silver dollar).l Apply the ointment twice a day, about 12 hours apart.l Before applying PROTOPIC Ointment after a bath or shower, be sure your skin is completely dryl Do not cover the skin being treated with bandages, dressings or wraps. Unless otherwise instructed by your doctor, do not apply another type of skin product on top ofPROTOPIC Ointment. However, you can wear normal clothingl Do not bathe, shower or swim right after applyingPROTOPIC. This could wash off the ointment.l If you are a caregiver applying PROTOPIC Ointment to a patient, or if you are a patient who is not treating your hands, wash your hands with soap and water after applying PROTOPIC. This should remove any ointment left on the hands.l Use PROTOPIC only on your skin. Do not swallowPROTOPIC.Because 2 strengths of PROTOPIC are available for adult patients, your doctor will decide what strength ofPROTOPIC Ointment is best for you.Many people notice that their skin starts to improve after the first few weeks of treatment. Even though your skin looks and feels better, it is important to keep usingPROTOPIC as instructed by your doctor.If you do not notice an improvement in your eczema or if your eczema gets worse within the first few weeks of treatment, tell your doctor.What Should I Avoid While Using PROTOPIC?l Avoid sunlight and sun lamps, tanning beds, and treatment with UVA or UVB light. If you need to be outdoors after applying PROTOPIC, wear loose fitting clothing that protects the treated area from the sun. In addition, ask your doctor what other type of protection from the sun you should use.l Check with your doctor or pharmacist before you¡start taking any new medicines while using PROTOPIC¡start using any other ointment, lotions, or creams on you skinWhat Are The Possible Side Effects of PROTOPIC?。

他克莫司软膏说明书

他克莫司软膏说明书

普特彼(他克莫司软膏)说明书普特彼适用于因潜在危险而不宜使用传统疗法、或对传统疗法反应不充分、或无法耐受传统疗法的中到重度特应性皮炎患者,作为短期或间歇性长期治疗。

普特彼适用于因潜在危险而不宜使用传统疗法、或对传统疗法反应不充分、或无法耐受传统疗法的中到重度特应性皮炎患者,作为短期或间歇性长期治疗。

【药品名称】通用名:他克莫司软膏商品名:普特彼英文名:Tacrolimus Ointment汉语拼音:Ta Ke Mo Si Ruan Gao本品主要成分及其化学名称为:他克莫司,[3S-[3R*[E(1S*,3S*,4S*)],4S*,5R*,8S*, 9E,12R*,14R*,15S*,16R*,18S*,19S*,26aR*]]-5,6,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,24,25, 26,26a-十六氢-5,19-二羟基-3-[2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧环己基)-1-甲乙烯基]-14,16-二甲氧基-4,10,12,18-四甲基-8-(2-丙烯基)-15,19-环氧-3H-吡啶并[2,1-c][1,4]氧杂氮杂环二十三碳烯-1,7,20,21(4H,23H)-四酮,一水合物。

【性状】本品为白色至淡黄色软膏。

【处方组成】每克本品含他克莫司0.03%或0.1%(w/w),软膏基质为矿物油、石蜡、碳酸丙烯酯、白凡士林和白蜡。

【适应症】本品适用于因潜在危险而不宜使用传统疗法、或对传统疗法反应不充分、或无法耐受传统疗法的中到重度特应性皮炎患者,作为短期或间歇性长期治疗。

0.03%和0.1%浓度的本品均可用于成人,但只有0.03%浓度的本品可用于2岁及以上的儿童。

【用法与用量】成人0.03%和0.1%他克莫司软膏在患处皮肤涂上一薄层本品,轻轻擦匀,并完全覆盖,一天两次,持续至特应性皮炎症状和体征消失后一周。

封包疗法可能会促进全身性吸收,其安全性未进行过评价。

本品不应采用封包敷料外用。

[他克莫司软膏的作用]他克莫司软膏多久用一次

[他克莫司软膏的作用]他克莫司软膏多久用一次

[他克莫司软膏的作用]他克莫司软膏多久用一次篇一: 他克莫司软膏多久用一次他克莫司软膏多久用一次?他克莫司软膏是用于治疗皮炎、银屑病、湿疹等皮肤病的进口免疫调节剂,可作为短期或间歇性长期治疗药物,接下来我们就马上来看看他克莫司软膏多久用一次吧。

他克莫司软膏适用于因潜在危险而不宜使用传统疗法、或对传统疗法反应不充分、或无法耐受传统疗法的中到重度特应性皮炎患者,作为短期或间歇性长期治疗。

他克莫司软膏有0.03%*10g 和0.1%*10g 两种规格,0.03%和0.1%浓度的他克莫司软膏均可用于成人,但只有0.03%浓度的他克莫司软膏可用于2岁及以上的儿童。

那么,他克莫司软膏多久用一次呢?他克莫司软膏的使用方法介绍如下:如想了解更多他克莫司软膏的相关评论,欢迎点击-comment/1、成人:0.03%和0.1%他克莫司软膏在患处皮肤涂上一薄层本品,轻轻擦匀,并完全覆盖,一天两次,持续至特应性皮炎症状和体征消失后一周。

2、儿童:0.03%他克莫司软膏在患处皮肤涂上一薄层本品,轻轻擦匀,并完全覆盖,一天两次,持续至特应性皮炎症状和体征消失后一周。

3、他克莫司软膏是一种霜剂型的外用药,药膏为无色,油腻状,外形有点像一支牙膏,使用的时候先用刀具在胶袋的前端开一个小口,使用后应放在避光和温度适宜的地方。

4、他克莫司软膏每天使用两次,间隔为12小时一次,一般使用过的朋友都是在晚上睡觉前和早上起床后使用。

有的朋友会在使用前沐浴,以清洁皮肤。

当然,沐浴并不是必须的。

壹药网温馨提示:相信通过本文的阐述后,大家对他克莫司软膏多久用一次这个问题已经有答案了吧,建议大家在用药前先仔细阅读药品说明书或先咨询专业医师或药师的意见,以保证用药安全。

如需购买他克莫司软膏,可登录.html篇二: 他克莫司软膏使用注意事项他克莫司软膏是一种常见的用于治疗皮肤性炎症的药膏,治疗效果非常明显,适用性也非常不错。

对于常患有皮肤癣、湿疹的患者来说,非常值得推荐。

他克莫司的作用与功效

他克莫司的作用与功效

他克莫司的作用与功效他克莫司(Temozolomide)是一种抗癌药物,广泛用于治疗高度恶性的脑胶质瘤,特别是一种叫做恶性胶质瘤的脑癌。

他克莫司是一种碱化剂,通过干扰DNA复制和修复过程,进而导致癌细胞死亡。

本文将详细介绍他克莫司的作用机制、药理特点、临床应用、不良反应以及未来发展方向。

一、作用机制他克莫司的作用机制主要是通过与DNA分子发生化学反应,从而破坏DNA的结构和功能,进而导致肿瘤细胞的死亡。

他克莫司在体内先被代谢成MTIC(一种具有强烈酸性的代谢产物),然后MTIC与DNA中的鸟嘌呤(一种碱基)发生化学反应,形成酰基化的DNA产物,干扰DNA复制和修复过程。

酰基化的DNA产物会阻碍DNA分子的正常双链结构,导致DNA在细胞分裂过程中无法正确分离和复制,最终引发DNA断裂和细胞死亡。

二、药理特点1.药代动力学:他克莫司经口后可以迅速吸收,并且可以通过血脑屏障进入中枢神经系统。

在体内,他克莫司主要通过肝脏代谢,主要代谢产物是MTIC。

他克莫司和MTIC约55%与蛋白质结合,主要与白蛋白结合。

他克莫司和MTIC主要通过尿液排泄,其中他克莫司的排泄半衰期为1.8小时。

2.药效学:他克莫司是一种分子靶向药物,主要针对有缺陷的DNA修复系统。

一些肿瘤细胞存在DNA修复系统的缺陷,导致对DNA损伤的修复能力低下,他克莫司正是通过干扰DNA修复过程来发挥抗癌作用。

此外,在体内他克莫司的抗癌活性主要取决于其代谢产物MTIC的浓度。

三、临床应用他克莫司是目前治疗高级别脑胶质瘤的一线药物,尤其对恶性胶质瘤的治疗效果明显。

目前的治疗方案常常是将他克莫司与放疗联合使用,以达到最佳的治疗效果。

由于他克莫司具有较好的血脑屏障穿透性,所以对于脑胶质瘤侵袭性较大的患者来说,他克莫司可以有效地杀灭肿瘤细胞,延长患者的生存时间。

四、不良反应虽然他克莫司在治疗癌症中有着重要的地位,但也存在一些不良反应。

常见的不良反应有恶心、呕吐、腹泻、皮肤瘙痒、头晕、疲劳等。

罗氏中文说明书:他克莫司检测试剂盒(电化学发光法)说明书

罗氏中文说明书:他克莫司检测试剂盒(电化学发光法)说明书

【产品名称】通用名称:他克莫司检测试剂盒(电化学发光法)英文名称:Tacrolimus【包装规格】100测试/盒【预期用途】主要用途主要用于定量测定人全血中他克莫司的含量。

本检测有助于接受他克莫司治疗的心、肝、肾移植病人的治疗。

电化学发光免疫测定试剂“ECLIA”,适用于罗氏Elecsys 和cobas e免疫测定分析仪。

临床应用他克莫司(又称KF506)是一种大环内酯类抗生素,1984年在日本被发现,是链霉菌属的代谢产物1.2,3。

研究表明他克莫司的免疫抑制活性是环孢霉素的10-100倍。

4他克莫司产生免疫抑制效应的主要原理在于它可以抑制T细胞的激活和增殖。

细胞内的他克莫司可结合一种抑免蛋白FK506-结合蛋白(FKBP-12),这种免疫复合物可抑制磷酸酶的活性。

5抑制磷酸酶可限制激活的T细胞(NFAT)的核因子的去磷酸化和核转位,由此调节包括IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α和γ-干扰素在内的多种细胞因子的转录,进一步限制淋巴细胞的激活和增殖。

6,7,8,9,10他克莫司具有很高的亲脂性,吸收不完全并且不稳定。

吸收后,他克莫司高效结合蛋白和红细胞,血浆中99%的药物都与白蛋白或α-1-糖蛋白结合。

11他克莫司的生物利用度和代谢主要受细胞色素P450药物代谢同工酶CYP3A4和CYP3A5以及流出泵P-糖蛋白的影响,在表达和功能方面在同一个体以及不同个体之间都变现出明显的差异。

12,13,14他克莫司在同一病人和不同病人间都表现出很大的变异性,无论剂量高低都可能出现严重不良反应。

他克莫司浓度不足可能导致对抑制器官的排异反应。

浓度过高又可导致严重不良反应。

他克莫司的主要不良反应包括肾毒性、神经毒性、胃肠道损害、糖尿病、高血压病和恶性肿瘤。

15,16为了让每个病人的体内药物浓度都维持在狭窄的治疗窗范围内,治疗药物监测的应用和浓度控制下给药作为标准临床实践的一部分已在临床上应用多年,它也是病人治疗的主要手段。

他克莫司软膏说明书

他克莫司软膏说明书

快易捷医药网【通用名】他克莫司软膏【商品名】普特彼【英文名】英文名:Tacrolimus Ointment【汉语拼音】Ta Ke Mo Si Ruan Gao本品主要成分及其化学名称为:他克莫司,【性状】本品为白色至淡黄色软膏。

【处方组成】每克本品含他克莫司0.03%或0.1%(w/w),软膏基质为矿物油、石蜡、碳酸丙烯酯、白凡士林和白蜡。

【适应症】本品适用于因潜在危险而不宜使用传统疗法、或对传统疗法反应不充分、或无法耐受传统疗法的中到重度特应性皮炎患者,作为短期或间歇性长期治疗。

0.03%和0.1%浓度的本品均可用于成人,但只有0.03%浓度的本品可用于2岁及以上的儿童。

【用法与用量】成人0.03%和0.1%他克莫司软膏在患处皮肤涂上一薄层本品,轻轻擦匀,并完全覆盖,一天两次,持续至特应性皮炎症状和体征消失后一周。

封包疗法可能会促进全身性吸收,其安全性未进行过评价。

本品不应采用封包敷料外用。

儿童0.03%他克莫司软膏在患处皮肤涂上一薄层本品,轻轻擦匀,并完全覆盖,一天两次,持续至特应性皮炎症状和体征消失后一周。

封包疗法可能会促进全身性吸收,其安全性未进行过评价。

本品不应采用封包敷料外用。

【禁忌症】对他克莫司或制剂中任何其他成分有过敏史的患者禁用本品。

【注意事项】外用本品可能会引起局部症状,如皮肤烧灼感(灼热感、刺痛、疼痛)或瘙痒。

局部症状最常见于使用本品的最初几天,通常会随着特应性皮炎受累皮肤好转而消失。

应用0.1%浓度的本品治疗时,90%的皮肤烧灼感持续时间介于2分钟至3小时(中位时间为15分钟)之间,90%的瘙痒症状持续时间介于3分钟至10小时(中位时间为20分钟)之间。

不推荐使用本品治疗Netherton综合征患者,因为可能会增加他克莫司的全身性吸收。

本品对弥漫性红皮病患者治疗的安全性尚未建立。

【患者须知】使用本品的患者应接受下列信息和指导:1.患者应在医生的指导下使用本品。

本品仅供外用。

他克莫司胶囊说明书(英文)

他克莫司胶囊说明书(英文)

month 1-3: 7-20 ng/mL month 4-12: 5-15 ng/mL
In combination with MMF/IL-2 receptor antagonist Adult Liver transplant Pediatric Liver transplant Adult Heart transplant
Careful and frequent monitoring of tacrolimus trough concentrations is recommended; Black patients may require higher doses in order to achieve comparable trough concentrations (2.1)
0.1 mg/kg/day
0.10-0.15 mg/kg/day 0.15-0.20 mg/kg/day 0.075 mg/kg/day
month 1-12: 4-11 ng/mL
month 1-12: 5-20 ng/mL month 1-12: 5-20 ng/mL
month 1-3: 10-20 ng/mL month ≥4: 5-15 ng/mL
Prograf is a calcineurin-inhibitor immunosuppressant indicated for
Prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients receiving allogeneic liver, kidney or heart transplants (1.1, 1.2, 1.3)
Only physicians experienced in immunosuppressive

他克莫司胶囊

他克莫司胶囊

他克莫司胶囊药品名称:通用名称:他克莫司胶囊英文名称:Tacrolimas Capsules商品名称:普乐可复成份:主要成份为他克莫司适应症:预防肝脏或肾脏移植术后的移植物排斥反应。

治疗肝脏或肾脏移植术后应用其他免疫抑制药物无法控制的移植物排斥反应。

规格:0.5mg用法用量:推荐的剂量仅参考,治疗过程中应根据患者个体情况进行他克莫司的剂量调整。

如患者情况允许口服,应尽早开始口服他克莫司。

在一些肝移植患者,可以将他克莫司胶囊内容物悬浮于水中,经鼻胃管给药。

他克莫司通常会与其他免疫抑制药物一起联合使用,亦有在患者身上长期单独使用他克莫司成功维持移植物功能的个例报道。

他克莫司不能与环孢素并用。

如果出现排斥反应或不良事件发生,需考虑更改免疫抑制治疗方案。

在成人和儿童肝肾移植患者的维持治疗阶段,建议持续使用他克莫司来维持移植物的存活。

如患者病情恶化(如出现急性排斥反应的征兆),应考虑改变免疫抑制剂用药方案。

多种方案均可用于控制排斥反应,如增加类固醇激素用量、加用短期的单克隆或多克隆抗体、增加他克莫司的用量。

如出现中毒征兆(如明显的不良事件),应减少他克莫司的用量。

并应告诉患者,在未经主管医师同意的情况下,不应擅自减量。

在移植术后患者的情况改善期内,他克莫司的药代动力学可能会发生改变,需要调整他克莫司的剂量。

全血浓度的监测:他克莫司全血谷值浓度可用酶标法来测定。

在整个维持治疗阶段,需定期监测他克莫司血中谷值水平。

血药浓度监测频率需根据临床需要而定,一般而言,因其半衰期长,无需每日测定血药浓度。

一般推荐在术后早期、剂量调整后、从其它免疫抑制剂转换为他克莫司、合并用可能发生药物相互作用的药物后进行血药浓度的测定。

临床研究表明,若全血浓度维持在20ng/ml以下,大部分患者耐受良好。

若血药浓度低于可定量限度且患者临床状况良好,则无须调整剂量。

成人术后接受口服他克莫司治疗的推荐起始剂量:对肝移植患者,口服初始剂量应为按体重每次0.05-0.10毫克/公斤,一日两次。

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孚诺(复方多粘菌素B软膏),他克莫司(普特彼)说明书如下:【普特彼药品名称】通用名:他克莫司软膏商品名:普特彼英文名:Tacrolimus Ointment汉语拼音:TaKeMoSiRuanGao【普特彼成份】普特彼主要成份为:他克莫司。

【普特彼性状】普特彼为白色至淡黄色软膏。

【普特彼处方组成】每克普特彼含他克莫司0.03或0.1(w/w),软膏基质为矿物油、石蜡、碳酸丙烯酯、白凡士林和白蜡。

【普特彼药理毒理】药理作用他克莫司治疗特应性皮炎的作用机制还不清楚。

虽然对他克莫司的作用机制已有一定了解,但是这些发现与特应性皮炎的临床关系还不明确。

他克莫司已被证实可以抑制T淋巴细胞活化,首先与细胞内蛋白FKBP-12结合,形成由他克莫司-FKBP-12、钙、钙调蛋白和钙调磷酸酶构成的复合物,从而抑制钙调磷酸酶的磷酸酶活性,阻止活化T细胞核转录因子(NF-AT)的去磷酸化和易位,NF-AT这种核成分会启动基因转录形成淋巴因子(例如IL-2,γ干扰素)。

他克莫司还可以抑制编码IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、GM-CSF和TNF-?的基因的转录,所有这些因子都参与早期阶段的T细胞活化。

此外,他克莫司可以抑制皮肤肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞内已合成介质的释放,下调朗格罕细胞表面FCεRI的表达。

毒理作用在为期26周的大鼠实验和为期28天的家兔实验中,每天外用他克莫司软膏(0.03-1)后,在显微镜下观察到皮肤变化(增生、表皮空泡形成、棘层肥厚、浅表炎症)。

由于这些皮肤变化与他克莫司浓度不相关,也见于赋形剂组,而空白对照组极少见,因而被认为与赋形剂有关而与他克莫司本身无关。

在大鼠中外用高浓度软膏(基本上≥0.3)观察到全身毒性反应,与经口服或静脉摄入后相似。

在为期52周的尤卡坦微型猪局部实验中,肉眼或显微镜下所见的改变均被认为与外用他克莫司(0.03?0.3)无关,因为在赋形剂对照组也观察到同样的改变。

在对豚鼠进行的实验中,他克莫司软膏(0.03?3)不诱发接触过敏或光敏化反应,对白化无毛小鼠也不诱发皮肤光毒性。

在对细菌(沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌)或哺乳动物细胞(中国仓鼠肺细胞)进行的体外致突变试验、体外CHO/HGPRT致突变试验、以及对小鼠进行的体内染色体畸变试验中,都未发现他克莫司具有遗传毒性的证据。

他克莫司不会引起啮齿类动物肝细胞发生非预期的DNA合成。

对雌性和雄性大鼠以及小鼠进行了他克莫司全身给药的致癌性研究。

在对小鼠进行为期80周和对大鼠进行为期104周的试验中,当日剂量分别达到3mg/kg体重(以AUC(药时曲线下面积)计相当于人用推荐剂量的9倍)和5mg/kg体重(以AUC计相当于人用推荐剂量的3倍)时,发现肿瘤发生率与他克莫司的剂量无关。

对小鼠进行了一项为期104周的外用他克莫司软膏(0.03?3)皮肤致癌作用研究,他克莫司的剂量相当于1.1?118mg/kg/天或3.3?354mg/m2/天。

在这项研究中,皮肤肿瘤的发生率极低,而且在室内光线条件下局部使用他克莫司软膏不会引起皮肤肿瘤形成。

然而,小鼠皮肤致癌作用研究发现,接受高剂量的雄鼠(25/50)和雌鼠(27/50)的多形性淋巴瘤的发生率、以及接受高剂量的雌鼠(13/50)的未分化淋巴瘤的发生率的升高有统计学意义。

在小鼠皮肤致癌性试验中,当每日给药剂量为3.5mg/kg(0.1%他克莫司软膏)(以AUC计相当于人用推荐剂量的26倍)时观察到淋巴瘤,当每日给药剂量为1.1mg/kg(0.03%他克莫司软膏)(以AUC计相当于人用推荐剂量的10倍)时未发现与用药相关的肿瘤。

为期52周的光致癌性研究表明,无毛小鼠外用含量为0.1%及以上的他克莫司软膏,同时接受紫外线照射(给药及照射时间为40周,随后观察12周),其皮肤肿瘤发生的中位时间缩短。

对外用他克莫司未进行过生殖毒理学研究。

给雄性和雌性大鼠口服他克莫司进行研究发现,大鼠生殖能力未受损伤。

在雄性和雌性大鼠交配前和交配期间、以及母鼠在妊娠和哺乳期间,分别喂服1.0mg/kg他克莫司(以体表面积计,相当于人用推荐剂量的0.12倍],结果出现死胎和对雌性大鼠生殖的不良反应,表现为着床胚胎流产率升高、未娩出和产出后不能存活的幼鼠数量增加。

当给药剂量为3.2mg/kg(以体表面积计,相当于人用推荐剂量的0.43倍)时,他克莫司与母鼠、公鼠的毒性和生殖毒性有关,表现为在发情期、分娩、幼鼠生存能力、幼鼠畸形等方面的不良反应。

【普特彼药代动力学】综合对49例成年特应性皮炎患者进行的两项药代动力学研究的结果表明,局部应用0.1浓度的普特彼后,他克莫司会被吸收。

单次或多次应用0.1浓度的普特彼后,血中他克莫司峰浓度介于检测不出至20ng/ml之间,49例患者中有45例血药峰浓度值低于5ng/ml。

对20例儿童特应性皮炎患者(年龄6-13岁)进行的药代动力学研究结果表明,应用0.1浓度的普特彼后,所有患者血中他克莫司峰浓度均低于1.6ng/ml。

从血药浓度来看,间歇性局部应用普特彼长达一年也不会导致他克莫司在全身蓄积。

局部应用他克莫司的生物利用度尚不清楚。

以静脉注射他克莫司的历史数据作对比,特应性皮炎患者局部应用普特彼的相对生物利用度低于0.5。

在平均治疗体表面积(BSA)达53的成人中,局部应用普特彼后的吸收量(即AUC)约比肾或肝移植患者将他克莫司作为免疫抑制剂口服的吸收量低30倍。

能引起全身性作用的他克莫司血药浓度目前尚不清楚。

【普特彼适应症】普特彼适用于因潜在危险而不宜使用传统疗法、或对传统疗法反应不充分、或无法耐受传统疗法的中到重度特应性皮炎患者,作为短期或间歇性长期治疗。

0.03和0.1浓度的普特彼均可用于成人,但只有0.03浓度的普特彼可用于2岁及以上的儿童。

【普特彼用法用量】成人0.03和0.1他克莫司软膏在患处皮肤涂上一薄层普特彼,轻轻擦匀,并完全覆盖,一天两次,持续至特应性皮炎症状和体征消失后一周。

封包疗法可能会促进全身性吸收,其安全性未进行过评价。

普特彼不应采用封包敷料外用。

儿童0.03他克莫司软膏在患处皮肤涂上一薄层普特彼,轻轻擦匀,并完全覆盖,一天两次,持续至特应性皮炎症状和体征消失后一周。

封包疗法可能会促进全身性吸收,其安全性未进行过评价。

普特彼不应采用封包敷料外用。

【普特彼不良反应】在分别有12例和216例健康志愿者参加的临床研究中,未发现药物具有光毒性和光致敏性。

在对198例健康志愿者进行的接触致敏研究中,有一例出现接触致敏的迹象。

在三项随机赋形剂对照研究和两项长期安全性研究中,分别有655例和571例患者接受了普特彼治疗。

下表列举了三项设计相同、为期12周研究中、赋形剂组、0.03和0.1浓度的普特彼治疗组校正后不良事件发生率,以及两项长达一年的安全性研究中未经校正的不良事件发生率,不考虑这些不良事件是否与研究药物有关。

儿童12周研究中共发生4例水痘;成人12周研究中有1例出现唇部带状疱疹;儿童开放性研究中发生7例水痘和1例带状疱疹;成人开放性研究中发生2例带状疱疹。

在各种临床试验中发生率大于或等于1的其它不良事件包括秃发、ALT或AST升高、过敏样反应、心绞痛、血管神经性水肿、厌食、焦虑、心律失常、关节痛、关节炎、胆红素血症、乳房疼痛、蜂窝组织炎、脑血管意外、唇炎、寒颤、便秘、肌酐升高、脱水、抑郁、头晕、呼吸困难、耳痛、皮肤瘀斑、水肿、鼻出血、未治疗部位病情加重、眼部不适、眼痛、疖肿、胃炎、疝气、高血糖症、高血压、低血糖症、缺氧、喉炎、白细胞增多症、白细胞减少、肝功能试验异常、肺部疾病、全身不适、偏头痛、颈部疼痛、神经炎、心悸、感觉异常、外周血管异常、光敏反应、处理过程的并发症、皮肤脱色、出汗、味觉异常、牙齿疾病、意外妊娠、阴道念珠菌病、血管扩张和眩晕。

【普特彼禁忌】对他克莫司或制剂中任何其他成分有过敏史的患者禁用普特彼。

【普特彼注意事项】一般注意事项普特彼在临床上对感染性特应性皮炎的安全性和有效性未进行过评价。

在开始使用普特彼治疗前,应首先清除治疗部位的感染灶。

特应性皮炎患者易患浅表皮肤感染,包括疱疹性湿疹(卡波济水痘样疹),使用普特彼治疗可能会增加带状疱疹病毒感染(水痘或带状疱疹)、单纯疱疹病毒感染或疱疹性湿疹发生的风险。

如果存在这些感染,应对普特彼治疗的利益与风险的平衡进行评估。

在临床研究中报告了33例淋巴结病(占0.8)通常与感染有关(尤其是皮肤感染),在给予相应抗生素治疗后缓解。

这33例患者中大多数有明确的病因,或终消退。

接受免疫抑制剂治疗(例如全身性使用他克莫司)的器官移植患者发生淋巴瘤的危险性增加,因此,接受普特彼治疗并出现淋巴结病的患者应调查其淋巴结病的病因。

如果没有明确找到淋巴结病的病因,或患者同时患有急性传染性单核细胞增多症,应考虑中断使用普特彼。

对发生淋巴结病的患者应进一步观察以确保淋巴结病消退。

紫外线致癌作用的增强不一定依赖于光毒性作用机制。

尽管没有观察到对人体的光毒性(参见不良反应),但在一项动物光致癌性研究中,普特彼缩短了皮肤肿瘤发生的时间(见非临床毒理研究)。

因此,患者应尽量减少或避免自然光或人工光源照射。

外用普特彼可能会引起局部症状,如皮肤烧灼感(灼热感、刺痛、疼痛)或瘙痒。

局部症状常见于使用普特彼的初几天,通常会随着特应性皮炎受累皮肤好转而消失。

应用0.1浓度的普特彼治疗时,90的皮肤烧灼感持续时间介于2分钟至3小时(中位时间为15分钟)之间,90的瘙痒症状持续时间介于3分钟至10小时(中位时间为20分钟)之间。

不推荐使用普特彼治疗Netherton综合征患者,因为可能会增加他克莫司的全身性吸收。

普特彼对弥漫性红皮病患者治疗的安全性尚未建立。

患者须知使用普特彼的患者应接受下列信息和指导:1.患者应在医生的指导下使用普特彼。

普特彼仅供外用。

和任何外用药一样,患者或护工在用药后应洗手,如果手部不是治疗区的话。

2.在使用普特彼期间,患者应减少或避免自然阳光或人工太阳光(晒床或UVA/UVB治疗)。

3.患者不应将普特彼用于处方以外的疾病。

4.患者应向医生报告不良反应的症状。

5.沐浴或淋浴后应等皮肤完全干燥后再应用普特彼。

【普特彼药物相互作用】对普特彼局部应用的药物相互作用未进行过研究。

由于吸收量极少,普特彼不太可能与全身性给药的药物发生相互作用,但是也不能完全排除。

皮炎较广泛的患者和/或红皮病患者合用已知的CYP3A4抑制剂时应当谨慎,这些药物的例子包括红霉素、伊曲康唑、酮康唑、氟康唑、钙通道阻滞剂和西米替丁等。

【普特彼孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药】致畸作用:妊娠用药分级C目前还未对妊娠妇女局部应用普特彼进行过足够的适当对照的研究。

普特彼用于怀孕妇女的经验也非常有限,尚不足以对其在妊娠期间应用的安全性进行评价。

对大鼠和家兔进行过全身性服用他克莫司的生殖毒性研究,当给母体口服毒性剂量的药物时胎儿产生不良反应。

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