浅谈变压器励磁涌流产生机理(中英文结合

浅谈变压器励磁涌流产生机理（中英文结合）摘要：变压器作为交流电力系统重要的电气设备，其正常运行直接关系着系统的安全。差动保护作为变压器主保护，励磁涌流是影响其正确动作与否的关键因素之一。文章分析了变压器励磁涌流及其特点，以单相变压器为例，分析了励磁涌流产生的机理，并给出了常见的抑制措施。

Abstract: transformer as an important of communication power system electrical equipment, the normal operation of the system has a close relationship with safety. Differential protection for transformer main protection, excitation inrush current is one of the key factors affecting the correct operation or not. Excitation inrush current of transformer is analyzed and its characteristics of a single-phase transformer as an example, analyzed the mechanism of excitation inrush current, and the inhibition of common measures is given.

关键词：变压器励磁涌流二次谐波间断角

Keywords: transformer excitation inrush current second harmonic discontinuous Angle

1、变压器励磁涌流及特点

1, transformer excitation inrush current and the characteristic

变压器是一种依据电磁感应原理制造而成的静止元件，是交流输

电系统中用于电压变换的重要电气设备。当合上断路器给变压器充电时，有时候，能够观察到变压器电流表的指针有很大摆动，随后，很快又返回到正常的空载电流值，这个冲击电流通常就被称为励磁涌流。

Transformer is a kind of based on electromagnetic induction principle and static element, is used in ac transmission system voltage transformation of the important electrical equipment. When close the circuit breaker to charging transformer, sometimes, can be observed in transformer ammeter pointer has great swing, then quickly return to normal no-load current value, the impact current is usually referred to as the excitation inrush current.

总的来说，变压器励磁涌流有以下几个特点：第一，波形呈现尖顶形状，表明其中含有相当成分的非周期分量和高次谐波分量，其中高次谐波以二次和三次为主，并且，随着时间推移，某一相二次谐波含量可能超过基波分量的一半以上。第二，励磁涌流幅值与变压器空载投入的电压初相角直接相关。对于单相变压器来说，当电压过零点投入时，励磁涌流幅值最大。由于三相变压器各相间有120度相位差，所以涌流也不尽相同。第三，在最初几个波形中，涌流将出现间断角。第四，涌流衰减的时间常数与变压器阻抗、容量和铁心材料等都相关。Transformer excitation inrush current, on the whole, have the following characteristics: first, the waveform in spire shape, that it contains quite the aperiodic component and high harmonic components, the high harmonics is given priority to with two times and three times, and, over time, the second harmonic content could be more than one phase of the fundamental

component for more than half. Second, excitation inrush current amplitude is directly related to early transformer no-load input voltage phase Angle. For single-phase transformer, when a zero input voltage, excitation inrush current amplitude is the largest. Due to three-phase transformer and the 120 degree phase difference, so the flow also is not the same. Third, in the first few waveform, the flow will appear discontinuous Angle. Fourth, the inrush current decay time constant and transformer impedance, capacity and core materials are related.