2011年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解[部分视频讲解]Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question aboutwhat is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear thequestion, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choosethe best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. The man is busyB. The man has trouble breathing.C. The man is out of town on business.D. The man is hiding himself from the woman.【答案】A【解析】录音中男士提到最近在做一个项目，甚至连呼吸的时间也没有，可见他最近很忙。
2011年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解Paper OnePart Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure （15%）Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center.1. He’s color-blind and can’t ______ the difference between red and green easily.A. detectB. discoverC. distinguishD. determine【答案】C【解析】句意：他是色盲，难以辨出红色和绿色的区别。
distinguish区分，辨别，分清。
2. As many as 100 species of fish, some ______ to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution.A. unusualB. particularC. typicalD. unique【解析】句意：多达100种鱼可能会受到污染的影响，而且有些鱼类是这些水域所特有的。
be unique to为惯用搭配，指“只有……才有的；对……独一无二的”。
其他选项也包含“特有的”意思，其区别在于：unusual指事物时表示某事极少发生，或极少被人耳闻目睹；particular指某事物存在专有特点，以此与其他事物相区别；typical侧重指“典型”，指某个群族中共有、而区别于其他群族。
2011年医学博士英语真题听力原稿
2011年医学博士英语真题听力原稿2011医学博士听力原稿Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1.A: I don’t see much of you these days, where have you been? B: I am working on a big project. I don’t even have time to breathe. Q: what can we learn from the conversation?2.A: what time would your doctor be in today?B: He is here after 2:30. Do you need to see him today?A: Yes my back is killing me?Q: What’s the man’s problem?3.Can that clock be right, 10:30?That clock is always off. It’s 11:05What is true about the clock?4.Well, Mr. Black, What brought you along today?I’ve got a pain in my stomach.How long have it been bothering you?A fortnightHow long has the man’s stomach ache?5.You come from S?Yes. I lived in England for 23 years.Are you married to an English man?I was, but we were divorced 15 years ago.Well, tell me about your trouble.Two hours after eating, I get pain, and then I feel it.What would the man do?6.I am usually on the job Monday, Tuesday and Friday from 1 to 5 P.M.and Wednesday from 3 to 6 P.M.Do you work on weekends too?Yes, but only in the morning.What day is the man off duty?7.Now Daddy I’m wearing this on your chest. It’s called stethocope. Itmight be a little col d, I’ll warm it up. Feel the end, OK? First of all I’ll listen to your front and then your back.She has gone that a lot of timesHow many people have been involved in the situation?8.What happened?I was in a fight and got my head hurt.Were your knocked out?No.I want you to go for an X-ray. And come back to me. You’ll need some stitches for that wound.What is the doctor going to do for the man?9.Here, you two guy, you are fucking shot again. It’s not veryentertaining or wise?Yes, thanks for advisin g us. It’s time to enjoy life.What might the men do accordingly?10.T aking a long view, I’m leaving the company.Why?I often have to overwork which will do harm to my health.But the job market is very tight, you know.What does the woman mean?11.W hat’s the most likely diagnosis in this case?Most probably ------(一种病)What’s against that dianosis?Well, the infected hasn’t had any change in the ---habit orlost weight. What are they doing now?12.I heard all the time that John is dating several girls.But it’s not true, he has explained everything to me.Do your really believe what he said?Yeah, I believe in our feelings for each other?Who is John?13.L isa says that the job takes the back seat to the family after she ismarried. She must be a good wife.This is noly what she says not what she does.What does the woman mean?14.G ood morning. Would you like the private hotspring room today? Forthree people, it would be 250 Yuan per hourAre there any discounts?Yes, It is 50 Yuan cheaper for each additional hour.Then We’ll have two hours.How much will the man pay?15.Y ou are not thinking of getting back together with him, are you? Would he dream of it?What does the woman mean?Section BDialogueA lot of doctors can tell what’s wrong with you by sleeping, so can you er--- by smelling?Oh, absolutely. This actually goes back to the day of----. For example, you can walk into a room or get close to a patient who had diabetes that is not well controlled. There is a kind of sweetish smell.So you mean often you can walk into a room and tell if apatient has kidney failure or liver failure?Precisely. And now there is a machine that can do that too. Fascinating.Actually, there have been these machines in the past, but they meant just enormous.Are they used in therapy?They er---. These machines are imposible to use clinically, because, you know, it a whole room for the equipments----, but the newly-invented ones are very small and ---.And then what do the new ones use?New laser technology.Is it now available given the size of the machine?It couldn’t be better. Unlike the previous, this is the size of microwave. And I think it isn’t far-off, right.Well, it’s very much in the experimental stage. But interesting. However, unlike any of these things which are produced by commercial company, This work is being done be the federal government.Passage 1Suicide is a very real risk for young people who suffer from clinical depression. In fact during the past two years suicide has increased among youths between the ages of 10 and 19, but there aren’t treatment that can help. Research show that the most effective treatment is the combination of anti-depression and talk therapy. Anti-depressants work by increasing--- chemcal --- which facilitate communications between neurons in the brain. “Anti-depressants are the most effective treatment for most adults. But when it comes to teenagers, It’s not enough.” Says doctor R, a psychiatrist with---- university medical center. 13 age years are full of turmoil, emotions and changes. And thereare family conflicts and conflicts with relationship that can contribute to distress in adolescents”, S says. And anti-depressant medications may not be able to deal with all of those problems. “Psycho therapy, specifical ly problem- behavioral therapy need to----,” S says. In his recent major study, with the therapy in use along with anti-depressants., 75% of kids are reported feeling better and less suicidal after 3 month probably because the problem-behavioral therapy tackle thinking and feeling in a very particular way that medicines may not. And in particalar suicidal case.”Say doctor F, a psychiatrist with---medical college.Passage 2“Most people think when they are depressed, it just means you feel sad”, says Doctor R, a psychiatrist with Cornell university medical college. In fact, the so-call commonest symptoms of deppression are probably the most painful for a lot of people which are a feeling that you are useless, wothless, unloveable, no good or loser. A commonest symptom and a most extreme symptom, of course, is a suicidal feeling where you feel so hopeless that you don’y believe anything will get better and you are better off. C therapy challenges that kind of thinking. For example, say, you are a depressed teen, someone at school says something credible, typicallythat might lead you to think you are a completely loser. F says C theray help patients see all the time they have been successful, both at school and with friends. It is completely the opposite of how you feel. So you challenge them with reality. And then you correct their disfunctional release and that will actually change the way they feel, F says. It’s a sort of personal reality check that will connect experiece in context. Once thecombination of medication and therapy work, patient may decide to stop taking anti-depressants. But they should do so with caution because they may experience side effect. They can get rebound kind of syptoms. It can grow things like feeling anxious, or having insomnia, very dizzy and having Nausea.。
南京大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案
南京大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享南京大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。
I. Phrase Translation1.WHO: World Health Organization世界卫生组织2.CBD: Central Business District中央商业区，中心商务区3.CPU: Central Processing Unit中央处理器4.IMF: 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)5.ISO: International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织6.OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织7.UNESCO: 联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization)8.Euromart: European Common Market欧洲共同市场9.Guiness Book of Record: 吉尼斯世界纪录10.negative population growth: 人口负增长11.the European Economic Community: 欧洲经济共同体12.World Intellectual Property Organization: 世界知识产权组织13,Global warming is believed to be the results of an enhanced greenhouse effect. 温室效应14. The English system of house buying depends initially upon a gentleman’s agreement between the buyer and the seller without any backing from the law. 君子协定15. The I-steel is frequently used in construction.工字形钢16.安居工程: Affordable Housing Project17.不可再生资源: non-renewable resources18.多党合作制: the system of multi-party cooperation19.工业园区industrial parks/zones20.绿色食品green food21.泡沫经济bubble economy22.人才流失brain drain23.售后服务after-sale service24.技术下乡spread technological knowledge to farmers25.可持续发展：sustainable development26.老字号time-honored brands;an old and famous shop or enterprise27.台湾回归祖国，完成统一大业是我们这一代人光荣的历史使命。
2011年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．“This light is too_____for me to read by. Don’t we have a brighter bulb?”said the elderly man.A．dimB．slightC．mildD．minute正确答案：A解析：A项意为“暗淡的”；B项意为“轻微的”；C项意为“温和的”；D 项意为“微小的”。
因此，A选项符合题意。
2．Mr. Smith asked his secretary to______a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.A．invadeB．installC．insertD．inject正确答案：C解析：A项意为“入侵”；B项意为“安装”；C项意为“插入”；D项意为“注射”。
因此，C选项符合题意。
3．We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be______and go another day.A．probableB．reliableC．flexibleD．feasible正确答案：C解析：A项意为“很有可能发生的”；B项意为“可靠的”；C项意为“灵活的”；D项意为“可行的”。
因此，C选项符合题意。
4．The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen______into human nature.A．intellectC．perceptionD．understanding正确答案：B解析：A项意为“智力、理解力”；B项意为“洞察力”，后面接介词into；C项意为“知觉、领悟力”，后面接介词of；D项意为“理解力”，后面接介词of。
南京大学考博英语真题2006-2008年答案
南京大学考博英语真题2006年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AABCC 6-10 CBDDCPart 211-15 BCDDC 16-20 DDCACPart 321-25 ADAAC 26-30 CBDCD31-35 DAAAC 36-40 BBABBSection 241-45. D A C A B 46-50 B A C C C 51-55 C A B A C 56-60 B C B D DTranslationPart A放弃对于获得幸福至关重要，其重要性并不逊于努力。
面对我们可以阻止的不幸，明智的人不会屈服，但对于那些不可避免的甚至是可以避免的事情，若时间和经历要求他们放弃以追求更加重要的东西，他们不会浪费时间和感情而是选择顺从。
很多人常常为鸡毛蒜皮的琐事而大发脾气，并因此浪费了大量原本可以有大用处的大量精力。
在追求真正重要的目标中太过沉溺，导致潜在失败的可能性时时威胁我们的思维，这是不明智的。
工作效率往往和我们所投入的感情并不对称。
事实上，情感偶尔会妨碍效率。
我们在服从命运安排的同时应当竭尽全力。
顺从分两种：其一是源于绝望，其二则源于不可征服的希望……前者坏，后者好。
Part B1.In a populous city, the idea that a man must know his neighbors has been extinct. But it is stilltrue of that in small towns and villages.2.People living as long as each other may have quite different lifestyles. Some go far away andenjoy fantastic scenery while others are incarcerated in a small room and until death does them not know how far-flung the world is.3.The biggest falsehood of humans is they take for that social and political problems are sosimple that they can be judged and solved with practical experience, instead of strict training with scientific methods. Unfortunately, it is quite contrary in the case.4.You can’t get rid of jealousness merely through being successful because there are someone inhistory who are more successful than you. Enjoy the happiness at hand and do what you are supposed to do. Don’t compare what you imagine or even entirely wrong with those who are more lucky than you. Then, you can cast off jealousness.5.So, this is the true spiritual civilization: make the most of human’s brightness and wiseness tofind truth, to control nature, to change matters for human’s use, to relieve human of needless hardships, to liberate human’s spirit from blindness and superstition.南京大学考博英语真题2007年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AAABC 6-10 BCCDAPart 211-15 ABCBA 16-20 CDCAAPart 321-25 CADBA 26-30 BAAACSection 231-34 B D B C 35-38 D A B D 39-42 B C A B 43-46 D D D C 47-50 B A C BTranslationPart A可以肯定的是，今天的人们对于成功的渴望以及其为我们带来的好处绝不亚于过去。
2003~2006年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2006年南京大学考博英语真题及详解SECTION I STRUCTUREANDVOCABULARY (40%)Part ADirections: Questions 1-10 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four choices, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (10%)1. You don’t object ______ you by your first name, do you?A. that I callB. for callingC. that I am callingD. to my calling【答案】D【解析】object to (doing) sth.不赞成，反对做某事。
句中my是calling的逻辑主语。
object that结构中，that引出的部分应该是反对某事的理由，本题表达的不是反对理由，因此A项不符合。
2. ______ initial recognition while still quite young.A. Most famous scientists achievedB. That most famous scientists achievedC. Most famous scientists who achievedD. For most famous scientists to achieve【答案】A【解析】根据句子结构判断，空缺部分应该是句子主句部分，while引导的是时间状语，四个选项中，只有A项是独立、完整的句子。
2011年3月中科院考博英语真题及答案详解免费版
GRADUATE UNIVERSITY, CHINESE ACADEMYOF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCEEXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDA TESMarch 2011PAPER ONEPART ⅠVOCABULARY(15 minutes, 10points, 0. 5point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. My father was a nuclear engineer, a very academically _________ Man with multiple degrees from prestigious institutions.A. promotedB. activatedC. orientedD. functioned2. Public _________ for the usually low-budget, high-quality films has enabled the independent film industry to grow and thrive.A. appreciationB. recognitionC. gratitudeD. tolerance3. Dirty Jobs on the Discovery Channel, an unlikely television program, has become a surprising success with a _________ fan base.A. contributedB. devotedC. reveredD. scared4. Pop culture doesn't _________ to strict rules; it enjoys being jazzy, unpredictable, chaotic.A. adhereB. lendC. exposeD. commit5. Intellectual property is a kind of _________ monopoly, which should be used properly or else would disrupt healthy competition order.A. legibleB. legendaryC. lenientD. legitimate6. I am thankful to the company for giving me such a chance, and I earnestly hope that I will _________ everyone’s expectations.A. boil down toB. look forward toC. live up toD. catch on to7. The image of an unfortunate resident having to climb 20 flights of stairs because the lift is _________ is now a common one.A. out of the wayB. on orderC. out of orderD. in no way8. My eyes had become _________ to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away.A. inclinedB. accustomedC. vulnerableD. sensitive9. Despite what I’d been told about the local people’s attitude to strangers, _________ did I encounter any rudeness.A. at no timeB. in no timeC. at any timeD. at some time10. In times of severe _________ companies are often forced to make massive job cuts in order to survive.A. retreat B, retrospect C. reduction D. recession11. Sport was integral to the national and local press, TV and, to a diminishing _________ , to radio.A. extentB. scopeC. scaleD. range12. Unless your handwriting is _________ , or the form specifically asks for typewriting, the form should be neatly handwritten.A. illegitimate B, illegal C. illegible D. illiterate13. The profession fell into , with some physicists sticking to existing theories, while others came up with the big-bang theory.A. harmonyB. turmoilC. distortionD. accord14. With the purchasing power of many middle-class households _________ behind the cost of living, there was an urgent demand for credit.A. leavingB. leveringC. lackingD. lagging15. Frank stormed into the room and _________ the door, but it wasn’t that easy to close the door on what Jack had said.A. slashedB. slammedC. slippedD. slapped16. When I was having dinner with you and Edward at his apartment, I sensed a certain _________ between the two of you.A. intimacyB. proximityC. discrepancyD. diversity17. I decided to _________ between Ralph and his brother, who were arguing endlessly.A. interfereB. interveneC. interruptD. interact18. “I mean Gildas and Ludens are both wise, reasonable and tactful; but naturally they’re _________ , they want to know what’s happening, and make judgments on it all. ”A. indifferentB. innocentC. inquisitiveD. instinctive19. In Africa HIV and AIDS continue to _________ the population; nearly 60 percent of those infected are women.A. alleviateB. boostC. captureD. ravage20. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society was _________ disintegration.A. on the ground ofB. on the top ofC. in the light ofD. on the verge ofPART ⅡCLOZE TEST(15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Tomorrow Japan and South Korea will celebrate White Day, an annual event when men are expected to buy a gift for the adored women in their lives. It is a relatively new 21 that was commercially created as payback for V alentine’s Day. That’s 22 in both countries, 14 February is all about the man.On V alentine’s Day, women are expected to buy all the important male 23 in their lives a token gift; not just their partners, 24 their bosses or older relatives too.This seems 25 enough. Surely it’s reasonable for men to be indulged on one day of the year, 26 the number of times they’re expected to produce bouquets of flowers and 27 their woman with perfume or pearls.But the idea of a woman 28 a man didn’t sit easily with people. In 1978, the NationalConfectionery Industry Association(糖果业协会) 29 an idea to solve this problem. They started to market white chocolate that men could give to women on 14 March, as 30 for the male-oriented V alentine’s Day.It started with a handful of sweet-makers’producing candy 31 a simple gift idea. The day 32 the public imagination, and is now a nationally 33 date in the diary-and one where men are 34 to whip out their credit cards. In fact, men are now expected to give gifts worth 35 the value of those they received. What a complication: not only do men have to remember who bought them what, they have to estimate the value and multiply it by three.21. A. copy B. concept C. choice D. belief22. A. because B. as C. so D. why23. A. clients B. friends C. figures D. colleagues24. A. but B. and C. instead of D. rather than25. A. odd B. good C. fair D. rare26. A. given B. if C. but D. though27. A. attract B. frustrate C. surprise D. touch28. A. supporting B. spoiling C. comforting D. fooling29. A. came up with B. come out of C. came up toD. came along with30. A. companion B. compromise C. competence D. compensation31. A. via B. as C. with D. for32. A. captured B. appealed C. favored D. held33. A. documented B. recognized C. illustrated D. scheduled34. A. volunteered B. embarrassed C. sponsoredD. obliged35. A. triple B. double C. fourfold D. equalPART ⅢREADING COMPREHENSIONSection A(60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAt many colleges, smokers are being run not just out of school buildings but off the premises. On Nov. 19 , the University of Kentucky, the tobacco state’s flagship public institution, Launched a campus wide ban on cigarettes and all other forms of tobacco on school grounds and parking areas. Pro-nicotine students staged a “smoke-out”to protest the new policy, which even rules out smoking inside cars if they’re on school property.Kentucky joins more than 365 U. S. colleges and universities that in recent years have instituted antismoking rules both indoors and out. In most places, the issue doesn’t seem to be secondhand smoke. Rather, the rationale for going smoke-free in wide open spaces is a desire to model healthy behavior.Purdue University, which has 30-ft. buffer zones, recently considered adopting a campuswide ban but tempered its proposal after receiving campus input. Smoking will now be restricted tolimited outdoor areas.One big problem with a total ban is enforcing it. Take the University of Iowa. In July 2008, the school went smoke-free in accordance with the Iowa Smokefree Air Act, violations of which can result in a $50 fine. But so far, the university has ticketed only about 25 offenders. “Our campus is about 1, 800 acres, so to think that we could keep track of who is smoking on campus at any given time isn’t really feasible, ”says Joni Troester, director of the university’s campus wellness program. Instead, the school helps those trying to kick the habit by offering smoking-cessation programs and providing reimbursement for nicotine patches, gum and prescription medications like Zyban.The University of Michigan will probably take a similar approach when its ban takes effect in July 2011. “We don’t have a desire to give tickets or levy punishments, ”says Robert Winfield, the school’s chief health officer. “We want to encourage people to stop smoking, set a good example for students and make this a healthier community. ”Naturally, there has been pushback from students. “Where do we draw the line between a culture of health and individual choice?”asks Jnathan Slemrod, a University of Michigan senior and president of the school’s College Libertarians. “If they truly want a culture of health, I expect them to go through all our cafeterias and get rid of all our Taco Bells, all our pizza places. ”Students might want to enjoy those Burrito Supremes while they can. In today’s health-obsessed culture, those may be next.36. We can infer that the “newness”of the antismoking policy at the University of Kentucky lies in _________ .A. its extended scope of no-smoking placesB. its prohibition of cigarette sales on campusC. its penalty for bringing tobacco to schoolD. its ban on smoke when people are driving37. By setting the antismoking rules the University of Kentucky mainly aims for _________ .A. protecting students against passive smokingB. modeling itself on many other universitiesC. promoting the students’ health awarenessD. punishing those who dare smoke on campus38. One of the problems enforcing the ban on smoking at the University of Iows is _________ .A. limiting the smoke-free areasB. tracing smokers on campusC. forcing smokers to give up smokingD. providing alternative ways for smokers39. The word “levy”(in Paragraph 5)most probably means_________ .A. imposeB. avoidC. deserveD. receive40. According to Jonathan Slemrod, Taco Bell is _________ .A. a tobacco shopB. a school cafeteriaC. an organic food storeD. an unhealthy food chain41. The author’s tone in the essay is _________ .A. radicalB. optimisticC. objectiveD. criticalPassage T woThe familiar sounds of an early English summer are with us once again. Millions of children sit down to SA Ts, GCSEs, AS-levels, A-levels and a host of lesser exams, and the argument over educational standards starts. Depending on whom you listen to, we should either be letting up on over-examined pupils by abolishing SA Ts, and even GCSEs, or else making exams far more rigorous.The chorus will reach a peak when GCSE and A-level results are published in August. If pass rates rise again, commentators will say that standards are falling because exams are getting easier. If pass rates drop, they will say that standards are falling because children are getting lower marks. Parents like myself try to ignore this and base our judgments on what our children are learning. But it’s not easy given how much education has changed since we were at school.Some trends are encouraging-education has been made more relevant and enthuses many children that it would have previously bored. My sons’ A-level French revision involved listening to radio debates on current affairs, whereas mine involved rereading Moliere. And among their peers, a far greater proportion stayed in education for longer.On the other hand, some aspects of schooling today are incomprehensible to my generation, such as gaps in general knowledge and the hand-holding that goes with ensuring that students leave with good grades. Even when we parents resist the temptation to help with GCSE or A-level coursework, a teacher with the child’s interests at heart may send a draft piece of work back several times with pointers to how it can be improved before the examiners see it.The debate about standards persists because there is no single objective answer to the question: “Are standards better or worse than they were a generation ago?”Each side points to indicators that favor them, in the knowledge that there is no authoritative definition, let alone a measure that has been consistently applied over the decades. But the annual soul-searching over exams is about more than student assessment. It reveals a national insecurity about whether our education system is teaching the right things. It is also fed by an anxiety about whether, in a country with a history of upholding standards by ensuring that plenty of students fail, we can attain the more modern objective of ensuring that every child leaves school with something to show for it.42. It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that _________ .A. SA Ts is one of the most rigorous exams mentionedB. it has been debated if children should b given examsC. few parents approve of the exam systems in EnglandD. each year children have to face up to some new exams43. Parents try to judge the educational standards by _________ .A. whether their children have passed the examsB. what knowledge their children have acquiredC. what educators say about curriculum planningD. whether their children’s school scores are stable44. To the author, the rereading of Moliere was _________ .A. drearyB. routineC. outmodedD. arduous45. To the author’s generation, it is beyond understanding today why _________ .A. teachers lay great stress on helping students obtain good gradesB. teachers show much concern for students’ futureC. parents help little with their children’s courseworkD. parents focus on their children’s general knowledge46. According to the passage, with respect to educational standards in Britain, _________ .A. no authorities have ever made a commentB. no one has ever tried to give them a definitionC. no effective ways have been taken to apply themD. no consistent yardstick has ever been used47. In the author’s opinion, the school education in Britain has been _________ .A. inflexibleB. irresponsibleC. unsuccessfulD. unforgivablePassage ThreeSuzan Fellman had a hard time with Laura Bush’s redo of the famed guest quarters named for President Lincoln: “Looking at it , I thought I was in a Radisson lobby somewhere in the Midwest long ago. I could not imagine spending a night in that space. ”Done up with Victorian furnishings, the Lincoln Bedroom is one of the residence’s least-changed spaces, said Betty Monkman, formerly chief curator of the White House for nearly 40 years. “It’s a quasi-museum room, ”she said, “with a lot of objects, such as the bed , that have symbolic importance. ”The elaborately carved bed bought for Lincoln is the centerpiece of the room.According to historian William Seale, the president was furious that his wife, Mary, spent so much money redecorating the White House during a time of war. He never slept in the bed , and the ornate piece eventually was moved to a spare room.Los Angeles designer Fellman saw parallels, calling the Obama era a period of“pulling back on extravagance. ”It is a good time, she said, to revisit pieces in storage, to rearrange old furniture in a new fashion, and use paint and fabrics to bring life and fun into a room without spending a fortune.In this re-imagining of the Lincoln Bedroom, Fellman would retain the legendary bed but paint the ceiling a sky blue and use a Cecil Beaton rose-print fabric for curtains. “Lincoln loved roses, ”Fellman said, “and this beige and ivory version keeps it from being too bold, modern or feminine. ”At a time when Americana is expected to stage a strong revival, Fellman said traditional styles such as Colonial and Federal can co-exist with European antiques if they are balanced in scale.Mindful of the recession, the designer advocated selecting furniture with longevity in mind. “If you are going to spend money, buy quality things that you never want to get rid of, ”she said. “A couple of really good things can make all the difference in a room. ”Her splurges would include a camel-hair sofa, which Fellman said was long-lasting and timeless. As a Pop Art-influenced statement about thrift, a custom rug woven with a 6-foot-diameter medallion replicates the penny’s image of Lincoln in subtle shades of ivory and copper.In bad times as in good, spare rooms don’t have to be grand to be effective, Fellman said. “A guest room should feel inviting and intimate, ”she said. “It has to exude serenity. ”48. To Suzan Fellman, Laura Bush’s redecoration of the Lincoln Bedroom could hardly be _________ .A. evaluatedB. imaginedC. understoodD. praised49. The Lincoln Bedroom in White House is a place for_________ .A. the president to have a restB. visitors to stay overnightC. storing Victorian furnishingsD. exhibiting classic objects50. According to Fellman, the Obama era is similar to the Lincoln era in _________ .A. decorating housesB. respecting the pastC. protecting the classicD. encouraging thrift51. The way Fellman would rearrange the Lincoln Bedroom includes _________ .A. putting some roses on the tableB. omitting some European antiquesC. adding to it some Federal stylesD. giving it the look of a strong America52. In choosing the new furniture for the room, Fellman would give top priority to _________ .A. its durabilityB. its simplic ityC. its priceD. its color53. Fellman would avoid making the Lincoln Bedroom look_________ .A. tranquilB. luxuriousC. hospitableD. fascinatingPassage FourLaurance Rockefeller, the middle brother of the five prominent and benevolent grandsons of John D. Rockefeller, who concentrated his own particular generosity on conservation, recreation, ecological concerns and medical research, particularly the treatment of cancer, died of pulmonary fibrosis at his home in Manhattan.His career began on Wall Street almost 70 years ago, where he became a pioneer of modern venture capitalism, compounding his inherited wealth many times over. In the decades since he first took his seat on the New Y ork Stock Exchange, he often used his native instinct for identifying the next big thing, not content simply to make more money but to make the money produce something of lasting value.Less sociable than his older brother Nelson, who was a four-term governor of New Y ork and the country’s vice president under Gerald R. Ford, Laurance Spelman Rockefeller was also more reserved and private than his flamboyant younger brother Winthrop who was the governor of Arkansas. A philosophy major at Princeton he had long wrestled with the question of how he might most efficiently and satisfyingly use the great wealth to which he was born and which he later kept compounding as a successful pioneer of modern venture capitalism.Using significant amounts of his money as well as his connections and prestige and negotiating skills he was instrumental in establishing and enlarging National Parks in Wyoming, California, the V irgin Islands, V ermont, Maine and Hawaii. As an active member of the Palisade Interstate Parkway Commission, he helped create a chain of parks that blocked the advance of sprawl, thus maintaining the majestic view that he first saw as a child looking out from Kykuit, the Rockefeller country home in Pocantico.His commitment to wilderness, recreation and environmental conservation had many roots.Since childhood he liked to ride hrses through unspoiled terrain. He was a passionate photographer in search of new landscapes. Even before Laurance reached adulthood the Rockefellers had included parks among their many philanthropic projects.Laurance was born on May 26, 1910. As Laurance matured he came to more closely resemble his grandfather than did any other family member, having the same pursed and seemingly serious expression that John D. Rockefeller often showed in photographs. According to family accounts he was also the one who most closely revealed his grandfather’s ability for profitable deals.54. Paragraph 1 suggests that Laurance Rockefeller was a man who is _________ .A. full of social responsibilityB. famous but short-livedC. successful in many fieldsD. zealous in social activities55. We can learn that, in making investments, Laurance Rockefeller was very _________ .A. cold-heartedB. close-fistedC. far-sightedD. half-witted56. Compared with his two brothers, Laurance _________ .A. often relied on himselfB. rarely appeared in publicC. rarely voiced his opinionsD. often worried about his wealth57. The word“instrumental”(boldfaced in Para 4)in this context can be replaced by “_________ . ”A. generousB. strategicC. resoluteD. important58. Laurance’s childhood experience led him later to make significant contributions to _________ .A. the building of national parksB. the enlargement of urban areasC. the perfection of his hometownD. the popularization of horse riding59. According to the passage, Laurance resembled his grandfather in having _________ .A. a contribution to public goodB. a talent of making moneyC. a passion for wildernessD. a bias against political affairsPassage FiveThe first three days of July 1863 saw the bloodiest hours of the Civil War, in a battle that spilled across the fields and hills surrounding Gettysburg, Pa. The fighting climaxed in the bright, hot afternoon of the third day, when more than 11, 000 Confederate soldiers mounted a disastrous assault on the heart of the Union line. That assault marked the farthest the South would penetrate into Union territory. In a much larger sense, it marked the turning point of the war.No surprise, then, than the Battle of Gettysburg would become the subject of songs, poems, funeral monuments and, ultimately, some of the biggest paintings ever displayed on this continent. Paul Philippoteaux, famed for his massive360-degree cyclorama paintings, painted four versions of the battle in the 1880s. Cycloramas were hugely popular in the United States in the last decades ofthe 19th century, before movies displaced them in the public’s affection. Conceived on a mammoth scale, a cyclorama painting was longer than a football field and almost 50 feet tall. Little thought was given to preserving these enormous works of art. They were commercial ventures, and when they stopped earning they were tossed. Most were ultimately lost-victims of water damage or fire. One of Philippoteaux’s Gettysburg renderings was cut up and hung in panels in a Newark, N. J. , department store before finding its way back to Gettysburg, where it has been displayed off and on since1913. Along the way, the painting lost most of its sky and a few feet off the bottom. Sections since 1913. Along the way, the painting lost most of its sky and a few feet off the bottom. Sections were cut and moved to patch holes in other sections. And some of the restorative efforts proved almost as crippling to the original as outright neglect. Since 2003, a team of conservators has labored in a $12million effort to restore Philippoteaux’s masterwork. They have cleaned it front and back, patched it , added canvas for a new shy and returned the painting to its original shape-a key part of a cyclorama’s optical illusion was its hyperbolic shape: it bellies out at its central point, thrusting the image toward the viewer.When restoration is completed later this year, the painting will be the centerpiece of the new Gettysburg battlefield visitors’ center, which opens to the public on April 14. Much work remains to be done. But even partially restored, the painting seethes with life-and death.60. With respect to the Battle of Gettysburg, Paragraph 1 mainly emphasizes _________ .A. the reason for its occurrenceB. the significance of the battleC. the place where it broke outD. the bloodiness of the battle61. To the author, that Gettysburg Battle got reflected in many art works is _________ .A. reasonableB. meaningfulC. necessaryD. impressive62. We can infer that cyclorama paintings _________ .A. has regained their popularity since 1913B. were mostly destroyed by the Civil WarC. more often than not lost than gained moneyD. had been popular before movies came in63. Work done to restore the Philippoteaux’s painting already began _________ .A. before 1900B. after 1913C. in 2003D. at its birth64. According to the author, some previous efforts to restore the Philippoteaux’s painting turned out to be _________ .A. time consumingB. fruitlessC. destructiveD. a waste of money65. What is true of the present state of the Philippoteaux’s Gettysburg rendering?A. It is illusory in depiction.B. It is a perfect restoration.C. It is a modified version.D. It is incredibly lifelike.Section B(20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed from theoriginal text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choose the most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks(numbered 66 to 75). For each passage, there is one sentence that does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAdvertising is paid, nonpersonal communication that is designed to communicate in a creative manner, through the use of mass or information-directed media, the nature of products, services, and ideas. It is a form of persuasive communication that offers information about products, ideas, and services that serves the objectives determined by the advertiser. 66 Thus, the ultimate objective of advertising is to sell things persuasively and creatively. Advertising is used by commercial firms trying to sell products and services; by politicians and political interest groups to sell ideas or persuade voters; by not-for-profit organizations to raise funds, solicit volunteers, or influence the actions of viewers; and by governments seeking to encourage or discourage particular activities, such as wearing seatbelts, participating in the census, or ceasing to smoke. 67 The visual and verbal commercial messages that are a part of advertising are intended to attract attention and produce some response by the viewer. Advertising is pervasive and virtually impossible to escape. Newspapers and magazines often have more advertisements than copy; radio and television provide entertainment but are also laden with advertisements; advertisements pop up on Internet sites; and the mail brings a variety of advertisements. 68 In shopping malls, there are prominent logos on designer clothes, moviegoers regularly view advertisements for local restaurants, hair salons, and so on, and live sporting and cultural events often include signage, logos, products, and related information about the event sponsors. 69Although the primary objective of advertising is to persuade, it may achieve this objective in many different ways. An important function of advertising is the identification function, that is, to identify a product and differentiate it from others; this creates an awareness of the product and provides a basis for consumers to choose the advertised product over other products. 70 The third function of advertising is to induce consumers to try new products and to suggest reuse of the product as well as new uses; this is the persuasion function.A. Another function of advertising is to communicate information about the product, its attributes, and its location of sale; this is the information function.B. The forms that advertising takes and the media in which advertisements appear are as varied as the advertisers themselves and the messages that they wish to deliver.C. An especially important issue in the creation of advertising is related to understanding how much information consumers want about a given product.D. Advertising may influence consumers in many different ways, but the primary goal of advertising is to increase the probability that consumers exposed to an advertisement will behave or believe as the advertiser wishes.E. Advertising also exists on billboards along the freeway, in subway and train stations, on benches at bus stops, and on the frames around car license plates.F. The pervasiveness of advertising and its creative elements are designed to cause viewers to take note.Passage T woFew numbers tell a happier story than those that measure life expectancy. An American born in 1900 could expect to live 47 years. Thanks to colossal improvements in sanitation and medic ine,。
2011年3月中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年3月中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．Long treatment of the elderly drains funds from the health needs of other groups and from urgent social problems.A．restrainsB．detainsC．soarsD．exhausts正确答案：D解析：drains意为“使(精力、金钱等)耗尽”。
D选项：exhausts意为“用尽，耗尽”，与画线的单词意义相符，如：They exhausted the funds in a week．(他们一周内耗尽了资金。
)句意：老年人的漫长治疗过程耗尽了用于其他群体的医疗资金，同时也耗尽了用于解决迫切社会问题所需的资金。
故选D。
A选项：restrains 抑制，管制；B选项：detains耽搁，拘留；C选项：soars翱翔，高耸。
2．Cancer cells destroy not only all rival cells, in their ruthless biological warfare, but also destroy the larger organization—the body itself—signing their own suicide warrant.A．refinedB．randomC．mercilessD．perpetual正确答案：C解析：ruthless意为“无情的，残忍的”。
C选项：merciless意为“无情的，残忍的”，与画线的单词意义相符，如：This judge is merciless towards anyone found guilty oftourder．(这位法官对罪名成立的谋杀犯概不留情。
南京大学2011年博士研究生入学考试试题
南京大学2011年博士研究生入学考试试题SECTION Ⅰ STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARYPart A（20%）Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the ONE that best complete the sentences. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.Freud derived psychoanalytic knowledge of childhood indirectly; he _______childhood processes from adult memory.A.reconstructedB. incorporatedC. releasedD. imagined2.Some social critics took a dim view of the industrialism of the nineteenth century,believing that it _______ a harsh, crude life-style.A.eradicatedB. facilitatedC. obstructedD. fostered3.The spellings of many Old English words have been ________ in the livinglanguage, although their pronunciations have changed.A.preservedB. preemptedC. revisedD. fostered4.The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly ________ source ofraw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.A.exploitedB. controversialC. inexhaustibleD. remarkable5.I am ________ to Mr. Morrison because of the kindness and concern that heshow me when I first got here.A.gratifiedB. indebtedC. dueD. desirous6.The ________ feature in Ted’s character was pride; he couldn’t ever think ofdepending on anyone but himself.A.controllingB. prevailingC. predominantD. primary7.If you ________ the principle of democratic government to your family you willrun into some obvious difficulties.A.carryB. trackC. manipulateD. adapt8.I’ll go to the airport tomorrow morning to _______ a good friend who leaves forAustralia.A.see offB. send offC. turn offD. say departure9.Stanley was ________ by what I had said and when I realized this, I apologized tohim for being so tactless.A.woundedB. frustratedC. resentedD. offended10.The manager promised to pay them well and in return he would expect theirloyalty and ________.A.executionB. commitmentC. enduranceD. persistence11.She is trying to ________ him by phone as she has some very important news forhim.A.touchB. reachC. connectD. attain12.Old beliefs die hard; even when jobs became ________, the long-standing fearthat unemployment could return at a moment’s notice persisted.A.preciousB. pervasiveC. plentifulD. persuasive13.The ________ to the advertisement she placed in the newspapers was very good;over a hundred letters of application were received.A.responseB. answerC. correspondenceD. echo14.They are no longer on speaking terms because she ________ his confidence.A.exposedB. destroyedC. provedD. betrayed15.________ a continuous mass of water on the Earth’s surface, all continents areislands in the strictness sense of the world.A.The form of the oceansB.Since the oceans formC.To form the oceansD.That the oceans form16.His family watched until the plane ________ behind the clouds.A.lostB. escapedC. fledD. vanisheding many symbols makes ________ to put a large amount of information on asingle map.A.possibleB. it possibleC. it is possibleD. that possible18.The gloves were really too small, and it was only by ______ them that I managedto get them on.A.spreadingB. squeezingC. extendingD. stretching19.The report criticized the legislature for making college attendance dependent onthe ability to pay, charging that as a result, hundreds of qualified young people would be ________ further education.A.entitled toB. striving forC. deprived ofD. participating in20.________ choose to live in or near metropolitan areas simply because they likethe rapid pace of city life.rge numbers of peopleB.So large numbers of people toC.There are large numbers of peoplerge numbers of people whoPart B（10%）Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D respectively beneath the passage. You should choose the ONE that is most appropriate. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Without exposure to the cultural, intellectual, and moral traditions that are our heritage, we are excluded from a common world that ___21___ generations. On the one hand, such exclusion tends to ___22___ us to recreate everything, a needless and largely impossible task; on the other hand, it tends to make us ___23___, to suggest that we are indeed the creators of the world and of all good ideas—__24__ in fact we are only a fragment of the history of man. ___25___ entirely to ourselves, we could make only the slimmest contributions to wisdom.While the humanities overlap the fine and liberal arts, they are also related of necessity to the sciences and to technology. Some of the ___26___ of the humanities raise questions about what ends are worthy to be ___27___, what ideals deserve ___28___. But since it is futile to know what is worth doing without having any idea of how to get things done, effective study in the humanities requires respect for and attainment of factual knowledge and technological skill. ___29___, it is pointless to know how to get things done without having any idea what is worth doing, so that informed study in applied science demands ___30___ in the humanities.21.A. crosses B. passes down C. survives D. exists22.A. warn B. facilitate C. compel D. encourage23.A. arrogant B. exhausted C. productive D. reliable24.A. since B. when C. whereas D. which25.A. Provided B. Left C. Reserved D. Kept26.A. arenas B. communities C. subjects D. disciplines27.A. followed B. investigated C. served D. abandoned28.A. identification B. maintenance C. reverence D. endeavor29.A. Similarly B. Contrarily C. Virtually D. Literally30.A. concentration B. presupposition C. revelation D. reflectionⅡⅢ。
南京大学考博英语阅读理解及其解析
南京大学考博英语阅读理解及其解析A.Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and si gnificant risks.Civil right activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks,Hispanics and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is th at they lack of access to the sizable orders and subcontracts tha t are generated by large companies.Now Congress,in apparent agr eement,has required by law that businesses awarded federal contr acts of more than$500,000do their best to find minority subcon tractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with th e government.Indeed,some federal and local agencies have gone s o far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial.Accordin g to figures collected in1977,the total of corporate contracts Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu sa n qi with minority businesses rose from$77million in1972to 1. 1billion in1977.The projected total of corporate contracts wit h minority businesses for the early1980's is estimated to be ove r$3billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decad e.Promising as it is for minority businesses,this increased pa tronage poses dangers for them,too.First,minority firms risk e xpanding too fast and overextending themselves financially,since most are small concerns and,unlike large businesses,they often need to make substantial investment in new plants,staff,equipm ent and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If,thereafter,their subcontracts are for some reason reduced,s uch firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses.The worl d of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entreprene urs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids.Bot h consume valuable time and resources,and a small company's effo rts must soon result in orders,or both the morale and the financ ial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionment through formation of joint ven tures with minority-owned concerns.Of course,in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures;clearly,White a nd minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neit her could acquire alone.But civil right groups and minority busi ness owners have complained to Congress about minorities being se t up as“fronts”with White backing,rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third,a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming and remaining dependent.Even in the best of circumstances,fierce com petition from larger,more established companies makes it difficu lt for small concerns to broaden their customer bases;when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benef actor,they may truly have to struggle against complacency arisin g from their current success.(469words)Notes:civil rights activists公民权利激进分子。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编31(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编31(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Under the teacher’s stern______, the little boy broke down and confessed to cheating. (2011年华东师范大学试题)A．glanceB．glimpseC．gazeD．stare正确答案：C解析：四个选项的意思分别是glance一瞥，瞥视；glimpse一瞥，一看；gaze 凝视，端详(指长时间目不转睛地看)；stare凝视，瞪视。
句意是在老师严厉的目光下，小男孩的精神防线彻底垮掉了，承认了考试作弊。
所以正确答案是C。
2．To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.(2010年厦门大学考博试题)A．improveB．enhanceC．guaranteeD．gear正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：improve“改善，增进”；enhance“增加，提高”；guarantee“保证，担保”；gear(常与to连用)“使适应，使适合”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是D。
3．The steam can______ electricity by turning an electric generator.A．causeB．growC．generateD．rouse正确答案：C解析：generate vt．发生，产：生(光、热、电等)；引起，导致(如：The machine generates electricity／gas／steam．A fire generates heat；A good diplomat generates good will．)。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编49(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编49(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．If you want to go to the concert, you’ll have to make a______, or there will be no tickets. (2003年上海交通大学考博试题)A．reservationB．punctualityC．complimentD．clarity正确答案：A解析：本题空格处是说你得预定。
A项的“reservation预约，预定”符合题意。
2．One of the most interesting inhabitants of our world is the bee, an insect which is indigenous to all parts of the globe except the polar regions.(2003年电子科技大学考博试题)A．residentsB．petsC．intimatesD．creatures正确答案：A解析：本题中，inhabitant的意思是“居民”。
四个选项中，residents的意思是“居民”，如：City residents complain that migrant workers have threatened to take already scarge urban jobs．(城市居民抱怨民工威胁着本来已很紧张的城市就业机会。
)pets的意思是“宠物”；intimates的意思是“亲密伙伴”；creatures的意思是“人，动物，傀儡”。
只有A项符合题意。
3．They seized Belgrade, though only after having encountered a stubborn______.A．resistanceB．oppositionC．challengeD．attack正确答案：A解析：resistance(to)n．抵抗，反抗，抵制：抵抗力；阻力．电阻(如：There has been much resistance to the new law．Copper has less resistance to electricity than many other metals．)。
[考研类试卷]2011年南京大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2011年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷一、名词解释1 Define the following terms. Support your definition with one or two appropriate examples.Ambiguity2 metalanguage3 minimal pair4 neologism5 euphemism二、单项选择题6 The word "edit" is formed through the process of______.（A）blending（B）back-formation（C）compounding（D）derivation7 By______, it is sometimes meant that the form of a word or sign partially or fully conveys the meaning of the word or sign.（A）arbitrariness（B）creativity（C）duality of structure（D）iconicity8 Assimilation occurs in the articulation of the word "______".（A）invincible（B）inconvenience（C）inherent（D）inadequate9 Deletion occurs in the articulation of all the words below except "______". （A）debt（B）rhetoric（C）style（D）flight10 The primary stress of the word "______" falls on the first syllable. （A）comparable（B）resistible（C）considerable（D）negotiable11 All the following words except "______" are dynamic verbs.（A）boost（B）discourage（C）unpack（D）concern12 The proverb "Modest dogs miss much meat" exemplifies the use of______. （A）alliteration（B）consonance（C）assonance（D）rhyming13 As a presupposition trigger, "continue" belongs to the category of______. （A）factive verbs（B）iterative verbs（C）implicative verbs（D）change-of-state verbs14 The expression "first priority" is generally considered to be a case of______. （A）redundancy（B）tautology（C）contradiction（D）inconsistency15 All the following words except "______" are performative verbs.（A）warn（B）advise（C）understand（D）remind三、分析题16 Analyze the structure of the following by means of binary cutting.(12/150) deinstitutionalization17 The person I met yesterday is my boss.18 In most cases, a sentence with a prepositional phrase indicating transfer can be naturally transformed into a double-object construction, as in:He gave a book to Mary. →He gave Mary a book.However, when the following three sentences undergo the same transformation, they sound rather unnatural(possibly for different reasons), as marked by the question mark. Explain why.(15/ 150)(1)He sent a book to London. →? He sent London a book.(2)He sang a song to his dead lover. →? He sang his dead lover a song.(3)He gave a book to the fans who followed him around the world for over three months. →? He gave the fans who followed him around the world for over three months a book.19 Study the following collection of words carefully. Point out what types of semantic relations are involved among these words. Put the words into different groups according to the different semantic relations involved(Note that some words can be found in more than one group). Add ONE word of your own to each semantic group, wherever possible.(18/ 150)vessel van deck boat wing subwayengine truck metro jet sail vehicle20 Study the following headlines carefully. Specify the type of rhetorical device used in each and the presupposed information in(1)and(3).(20/150)Mercury. Once Coveted, Now Orphaned21 U. S. and South Korea Begin Joint Naval Exercises22 Fashion Goes, Keds Stay.23 Digital Domain: When the Software Is the Sportswriter24 In China, Cultivating the Urge to Splurge25 Domestic Lives; An Empty House Where Time Stands Still26 Read the following two pairs of sentences. Compare Sentences A and B and answer the following two questions: 1)How are Sentences A and Sentences B different? and2)Which sentence(Sentence A or Sentence B)in each pair do you prefer to use in academic writing? Why?(15/150)(1)A. It may be said that the commitment to some of the social and economic concepts was less strong than it is now.B. The commitment to some of the social and economic concepts was less strong than it is now.(2)A. Recent work on the religious demography of Northern Ireland seems to show a separating out of protestant and catholic, with the catholic population drifting westwards and vice versa.B. Recent work on the religious demography of Northern Ireland shows a separating out of protestant and catholic, with the catholic population drifting westwards and vice versa.27 Below is a questionnaire aimed at investigating the learner autonomy among college EFL learners(i. e. , to what extent can college students take an autonomus role in their English learning). Go over the items in the questionnaire and try to categorize them in the following table. Do you think these categories(or aspects of the learner autonomy)are adequate? If not,add TWO more categories together with specific items.(20/150) 英语学习情况问卷调查请根据下面每个数字所代表的含义，选出其中一个数字填在句子开头的括号里。
南京大学考博英语真题2011年
南京大学考博英语真题2011年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、SECTION Ⅰ STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Freud derived psychoanalytic knowledge of childhood indirectly; he ______ childhood processes from adult memory.（分数：1.00）A.reconstructed √B.incorporatedC.obstructedD.fostered解析：[解析] 各选项的意思是：reconstructed重建，重现，重整；incorporated包含，吸收，把……合并；obstructed阻塞，阻碍；fostered培养，促进。
根据句意可知，答案是A。
2.Some social critics took a dim view of the industrialism of the nineteenth century, believing that it ______ a harsh, crude life-style.（分数：1.00）A.eradicatedB.facilitated √C.releasedD.imagined解析：[解析] 各选项的意思是：eradicated摧毁，完全根除；facilitated促进，使容易，助长；released 释放，放开，发布；imagined想象，设想，猜想。
take a dim view of意为“不赞成，不乐观”。
根据句意可知，答案是B。
3.The spelling of many Old English words has been ______ in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed.（分数：1.00）A.preserved √B.preemptedC.revisedD.improved解析：[解析] 各选项的意思是：preserved保留，留存；preempted先占，取代；revised修订，修改；improved改善，提高。
南京大学考博英语-1
南京大学考博英语-1(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.You can ______your story by leaving out some unimportant details.（分数：1.00）A.abridge √B.rewriteC.revealD.change解析：[解析] abridge节略；rewrite重写；reveal展现；change改变。
根据句意，A最合适。
2.The young man was so bashful that he did not speak to the pretty girl.（分数：1.00）A.haughtyB.shy √C.indifferentD.upset解析：[解析] 题中bashful“害羞的”，B项的shy“怕羞的，畏缩的”与之相符。
其他三项都不正确：haughty傲慢的；upset心烦意乱的；indifferent不关心的，冷淡的。
3.John's ideas about how to solve the problem were so cogent that I had to agree with him. （分数：1.00）A.chronic √B.cavernousC.convincingD.choral解析：[解析] 题中cogent意为“令人胆寒的”，C项的convincing“令人恐惧的”与之相符。
其他三项不正确：chronic有希望的；cavernous严寒的；choral发人深省的。
4.He has got too much ______to worry about your problem.（分数：1.00）A.on his mind √B.out of mindC.off his mindD.to his mind解析：[解析] on sb's mind压在某人心头；out of one's mind精神不正常；off one's mind不再在某人心头；to one's mind据某人意见。
2011年南京大学翻译硕士翻译硕士英语考研真题
育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌——翻译硕士最权威的考研辅导机构2013年育明教育翻译硕士考研辅导喜报·北外翻译硕士百科知识96%命中，作文命中·北航百科知识命中88% ·广外百科知识命中80%·对外经贸大学百科知识命中92%，词条翻译命中80%·北二外词条及文章翻译命中80%，百科知识100%命中·四川外国语大学词条及文章翻译命中78%,百科命中100%·首师大百科知识命中68%，作文命中·外交学院百科与写作，命中78%·北京大学百科与写作命中88%，翻译命中60% 。
梁老师赠言：生命在于奋斗，拼搏就是希望；失败只有一种，那就是放弃努力！南京大学2011年真题翻译硕士英语一、改错：专八难度。
二、阅读：和南大基础英语题型一样，一篇巨长的文章，讲的是role-play在serious literature 里的作用。
三、作文：是否应该推广the general education.英语翻译基础一、两篇：一个是讲工业革命的一个是讲中华传统文化的。
中间考的短语比较多，比如：己所不欲勿施于人、天下兴亡匹夫有责……二、词汇翻译：WHO 世界卫生组织CBD中央商务区(CBD center business district)交易前付款(=cash before delivery)IMF UNESCO科技下乡bringing science and technology to the countryside老字号an old and famous shop or enterprise学分制credit systemI-STEEL 工字型钢汉语写作与百科知识一、名词解释：单位、华夏、国务院、打酱油、女娲、因特网、二战、冷战、苏联、赤字、欧元区……二、应用文：自荐信。
三、大作文：什么是翻译工作者应该具备的基本素质。
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2011年南京大学考博英语真题及详解
SECTION I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY(30%)
Part A（20%）
Direction:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the ONE that best complete the sentences.Then blacken your answer m the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
1.Freud derived psychoanalytic knowledge of childhood indirectly;he______
childhood processes from adult memory.
A.reconstructed
B.incorporate
C.released
D.imagined
【答案】A
【解析】句意：佛洛依德间接地推断出儿童时期的精神分析；他通过成年人回忆重现童年时期的经历。
reconstruct重建，重现。
incorporate包含，吸收。
release释放；发射。
imagine想象；猜想。
2.Some social critics took a dim view of the industrialism of the nineteenth century,
believing that it a harsh,crude life-style.
A.eradicated
B.facilitated
C.obstructed
D.fostered
【答案】A
【解析】句意：一些社会评论家对19世纪的工业革命不以为然，认为其消除了一种粗糙的原始的生活方式。
eradicate根除，灭绝。
facilitate促进；帮助。
obstruct妨碍，阻塞。
foster培养；养育。
3.The spellings of many Old English words have been______in the living language,
although their pronunciations have changed.
A.preserved
B.preempted
C.revised
D.improved
【答案】A
【解析】句意：很多古英语单词的拼写形式在现代英语中保留下来，但它们的发音已经改变。
preserve保存；保护。
preempt先占；先取。
revise修正；复习。
improve改善；提高。
4.The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly______source of raw
materials,of which only a few have been utilized.
A.exploited
B.controversial
C.inexhaustible
D.remarkable
【答案】C
【解析】句意：热带植物的多样性看似意为着无穷尽的原材料，只有一少部分被开采利用。
inexhaustible无穷无尽的；用不完的。
exploit开发；开采。
controversial有争议的；有争论的。
remarkable卓越的；非凡的。
5.I am______to Mr.Morrison because of the kindness and concern that he showed
me when I first got here.
A.gratified
B.indebted
C.due
D.desirous
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我很感激莫里森先生因为我刚到这里时他对我很友好也很关心。
indebted 感激的；受惠的。
gratified称心的。
due到期的；应付的。
desirous渴望的；想要的。
6.The______feature in Ted's character was pride;he couldn't ever think of
depending on anyone but himself.
A.controlling
B.prevailing
C.predominant
D.primary
【答案】C
【解析】句意：特德的主要性格特征是自尊心强；他从来不曾想过依赖任何人。
predominant主要的；支配的。
controlling动词control的变形。
prevailing流行的；
一般的。
primary主要的；初级的。
7.If you______the principle of democratic government to your family you will run
into some obvious difficulties.
A.carry
B.track
C.manipulate
D.adapt
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果你将民主政府的原则带到家里，你会遇到一些显而易见的困难。
carry 携带；支持。
track追踪；通过。
manipulate操纵；操作。
adapt使适应；改编。
8.I'll go to the airport tomorrow morning to_____a good friend who leaves for
Australia.
A.see off
B.send off
C.turn off
D.say departure
【答案】A
【解析】句意：明天早上我去机场送别一个去往澳大利亚的好朋友。
see off送行，送别。
send off发送；派遣。
turn off关掉；关闭。
departure离开，出发。
9.Stanley was______by what I had said and when I realized this,I apologized to him
for being so tactless.
A.wounded
B.frustrated
C.resented
D.offended
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我说的话冒犯了斯坦利，当我意识到这一点时，我为自己的不够机智圆滑向他道歉。
offend冒犯。
wound使受伤。
frustrate挫败；阻挠。
resent怨恨；厌恶。
10.The manager promised to pay them well and in return he would expect their
loyalty and______.
A.execution
mitment
C.endurance
D.persistence
【答案】B
【解析】句意：经理承诺他们待遇丰厚，他期望员工们以忠诚和奉献作为回报。
commitment承诺，献身。
execution执行；完成。
endurance忍耐力；忍耐。
persistence 持续；固执。
11.She is trying to______him by phone as she has some very important news for
him
A.touch
B.reach
C.connect
D.attain
【答案】C
【解析】句意：她试图通过电话联系他，因为她有很重要的消息要告诉他。
reach与…
取得联系。
touch接触；触动。
connect连接；联合。
attain达到；获得。
12.Old beliefs die hard;even when jobs became______,the long-standing fear that
unemployment could return at a moment's notice persisted.
A.precious
B.pervasive
C.plentiful
D.persuasive
【答案】C。