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Moxa ioLogik 2500 系列智慧乙太網路遠端 I O 裝置說明说明书
ioLogik2500系列具備Click&Go Plus邏輯的智慧乙太網路遠端I/O特色與優點•具備Click&Go Plus控制邏輯的前端智慧,多達48項規則•與MX-AOPC UA伺服器進行的主動通訊•使用MX-AOPC UA日誌軟體自動補充斷線週期資料•內建4埠非網管型交換器,用於連接乙太網路裝置•用於菊鏈連接的I/O擴充連接埠,可連接多達8個ioLogik E1200裝置•三合一串列埠:RS-232、RS-422或RS-485•支援SNMP v1/v2c/v3•使用Windows或Linux版MXIO程式庫簡化I/O管理•提供寬操作溫度型號,適合-40至75°C(-40至167°F)環境認證簡介ioLogik2500智慧乙太網路遠端I/O裝置採用獨特的硬體和軟體設計,因此成為各種工業資料擷取應用的理想解決方案。
ioLogik2500的硬體設計包括4埠非網管型乙太網路交換器和2個串列埠,能夠無縫連接至各種現場裝置。
其中的一個乙太網路連接埠可用於連接8個菊鏈ioLogik E1200擴充模組,藉以提供100多個通道。
ioLogik2500做為「主機」裝置,使用Click&Go Plus邏輯控制整個I/O陣列。
最重要的是,只需要IP即可將整個I/O陣列連接至您的網路,為IP位址數量不足的工業現場提供完美的解決方案。
免程控Click&Go Plus™邏輯Click&Go Plus™控制邏輯支援多達48個規則和8個條件/動作。
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您完成Click&Go Plus™邏輯規則的設定後,IOxpress易於使用的模擬功能可用於在將Click&Go Plus™規則上傳到您的線上裝置之前發現其中的潛在錯誤。
多協定資料集中器透過支援多種協定,ioLogik2500提高收集現場資料並傳送到上層系統的效率。
au750项链类别整理版
au750项链类别[整理版]
Au750项链类别
类别:
水波亮片、批角钮片,花,、O字链、嘴唇链或吻链、蛇骨链、瓜子项链、灯笼项链、戴高乐链、立方瓦片项链、满天星项链、扭盒子项链、钮花项链、批角项链、日字项链、十字项链、水扁项链、四叶花项链、水波间批角项链、贴片项链、瓦片项链、肖邦项链
具体图示:
1、水波亮片项链
2、批角钮片
3、O字链
4、嘴唇链或吻链
5、蛇骨链
6、瓜子链
7、灯笼项链
8、戴高乐链
9、立方瓦片项链
10、满天星项链
11、扭盒子项链
12、钮花项链
13、批角项链
14、日字项链
15、十字项链
16、水扁项链
17、四叶花项链
18、水波间批角项链
19、贴片项链
20、瓦片项链
21、肖邦项链
小王。
OREGON-链条简介
1/4" pitch Chains for Commercial Use25AP ( MICRO-CHISEL)25AP is the replacement chain for small imported saws originally equipped with 1/4"-pitch chain.FEATURES:·Micro-ChiselR cutters have small-radius working corners that cut fast and are easy to sharpen·Small size and light weight make 25AP easy to use and highly maneuverable .325"-pitch Chains for Professional Use20, 21, 22BPX (MICRO CHISEL)Smoothness combined with high cutting performance makes this a versatile member of the OREGON chain family. As easy to maintain as chipper chain, but with greater cutting capability.FEATURES:·Advanced grind geometry·Significantly enhanced out-of-box sharpness. No more sharpening prior to use. No more “Lowering th Rakers” prior to use·Dramatic improvements in BPX vs. BP chain performance·Make bias cuts up to 18% faster and a 13% improvement in nose clear and nose buried bucking cuts.·Feel the hunger of BPX chains while lessening your workload due to at least a 20% increase in cutting efficiency.· Extreme cutting efficiency, less feed force required· Improved fuel economy·Blued cutters· Superior corrosion resistance· Base-cutter hardness consistency· Improved strength·Micro-Chisel cutters small radius working corners for fast cutting and easy sharpening·LubriLink tie straps More oil stays where it’s needed: on the chain·Lubriwell drive links More oil stays where it’s nee ded: on the chain·Top-plate witness mark Sharpening is easy and consistent, every time and serves as end-of-life indicator·Vibe-Ban Reduces vibration 25% or more at the saw handle compared to chains without vibration reduction features.20, 21, 22LPX (SUPER 20)The high-performance chain for professional woodcutters who use .325"-pitch saws. FEATURES:·Advanced gr ind geometry·Significantly enhanced out-of-box sharpness·Dramatic improvements in LPX vs. LP chain performance·Make bias cuts up to 17% faster and experience a 10% improvement in nose clear bucking cuts.·Fe el the hunger of LPX chains while lessening your workload due to 18% increase in cutting efficiency· Improved fuel economy·Blued cutters· Superior corrosion resistance· Base-cutter hardness consistency· I mproved strength·Bumper drive links Help reduce kickback·LubriLink tie straps More oil stays where it’s needed: on the chain·Lubriwell drive links More oil stays where it’s needed: on the chain·Top-plate witness mark Sharpening is easy and consistent, every time and serves as end-of-life indicator·Vibe-Ban Reduces vibration 25% or more at the saw handle compared to chains without vibration reduction features·Chisel Cutters·Maximum cutting efficiency·Most aggressive performance.95VPX Micro-Lite95VPX chain is part of a Micro-Lite narrow-kerf cutting system that requires less power from the saw to cut than standard cutting systems and meets the ANSI low-kickback standard.FEATURES:·Advanced grind geometry·Micro Chisel cutters have small-radius working corners for excellent performance and ease of maintenance·Always install 95VPX chain on a Micro-Lite bar ( ML, MP or MG part numbers ) to obtain all the advantages built into the Micro-Lite system·Patented Chain Steel - OREGON OCS-01 steel is patented and provides greater durability, especially in cold cutting conditions.·Lubri Link : tie straps help keep oil where it's needed- on the chain·Lubriwell :oil holes help carry oil around the full length of the guide bar's groove.·Vibe-Ban : chassis design reduces vibration 25% or more at the saw handles 3/8"-pitch Chains for Professional Use91VXL (LOW PROFILE)This new cutting chain features a longer top plate, an aggressive cutting edge and a forgiving sharpening profile.FEATURES:·Long cutter top plate·33% longer than standard 91 cutters·Enhanced value·Advanced grind geometry·Improved out-of-box grind·High performance in all cutting modes·Extreme cutting efficiency, less feed force required·Blued cutters·Superior corrosion resistance·Base-cutter hardness consistency·Semi-Chisel cutter·Ag gressive cutting edge with a forgiving sharpening profile and good stay-sharp·Less vibration than most competitive chains·Vibe-Ban reduces vibration 25% or more at the saw handle·LubriLink tie straps·Help keep oil wher e it's needed ,on the chain·Directs oil to the critical rivet flange/hole interface·LubriWell oil holes·Help carry oil around the full length of the guide bar's groove·Enhances lubrication of the bar nose sprocket a nd bearings72, 73, 75JP/LPX (SUPER 70)Historically the world's best-selling family of professional chains.FEATURES:·Top-performing square-corner "chisel" cutters sever wood fibers completely in a single pass·Bumper drive links help reduce kickback·"LP/JP" chains are low-vibration·LubriLink tie straps help keep oil where it's needed - on the chain·Top-plate witness mark makes accurate sharpening easier·Vibe-Ban reduces vibration at the handles by 25% or more72, 73, 75JG/LGX (SUPER GUARD, round-ground chains)72LGX,73LGX, and 75LGX(3/8”-pitch Super Guard) saw chains feature new Stabl-Link drive links and precision ground blued cutters. Stabl-Link dramatically improves performance and increases cut precision. The cutters have an advanced grind geometry that is “work ready”. This series saw chain is only for professionals who demand saw chain that delivers high-performance, resists stretch, is simple to maintain, provides long life, and is consistent from loop to loop.FEATURES:·Advanced grind geometry·Significantly enhanced out-of-box sharpness·Dramatic improvements in boring and bias modes·Extreme cutting efficiency, less feed force required·Revolutionary Stabl-Link drive links·Stability in the cut·Exceptional cut precision·Increases nose and drive sprocket life·Reduces bar rail wear·Blued cutters·Superior corrosion resistance·Base-cutter hardness consistency·Tumbled parts·Smooth finish·Improves joint articulation, combats tight joints·Offset ramp-shaped depth gauges·Offset reduces roughness, helps prevent cutter from diving into the sidewall of the cut·Ramp-shape reduces kickback energies without affecting performance·Clean ground gullets·Increases chip flow, less chain clogging·No out-of the box filing needed·Long, high-strength cutter top plate·Resists breakage·Longer cutter life·Top-plate-angle witness mark Sharpening is easy and consistent, every time and serves as end-of-life indicator·LubriLink tie straps More oil stays where it’s needed: on the chain 72, 73, 75DP; 72AP(S-70)The chain that made lightweight saws possible.FEATURES:·Round-cornered "semi-chisel" cutters work fast and are more tolerant of sharpening errors (typically) than most cutter types·Bumper drive links help reduce kickback·Excellent performance in dusty or dirty conditions·LubriLink tie straps help keep oil where it's needed - on the chain 91PX Consumer Saw ChainA high-performance, low-kickback chain well suited for commercial cutters, arborists and occasional users.FEATURES:·Advanced grind geometry : Enhanced grind geometry signifi cantly improves out-of-box sharpness with substantial speed improvement in boring and bias (undercut) modes.·Bumper drive link·Reduces kickback without sacrifi cing performance·Meets ANSI B175.1 standards for low-kickback saw chain·Chamfer :Twin cutting corners offer outstanding performance, durability and easy maintenance·Lubri Link : Tie straps help keep oil where it’s needed – on the chain·Lub ri Well : Oil holes in the drive links help carry oil around the full length of the guide bar groove.·Vibe-Ban : Chassis design increases operators’ comfort level by reducing vibration at the handles.91P Chamfer Chisel (XtraGuardR)91P is a low-kickback low-vibration chain with twin-cornered Chamfer Chisel cutters, notched bumper drive links and an easy-to-service chassis with symmetrical tie straps.FEATURES:·Round-cornered "semi-chisel" cutters work fast and are more tolerant of sharpening errors (typically) than most cutter types Chamfer Chisel cutters have an angular shape with twin cutting corners that offer outstanding performance along with durability and easy forgiving maintenance comparable to round-cornered chains·Patented notched bumper drive links deliver low-kickback performance while providing clearance for excellent chip flow (U.S. Patent No. 20040025355)·Four-way symmetrical tie straps make assembly fool-proof, there’s no way to position a 91P tie strap incorrectly.90PX Low-kickback, Narrow-Kerf Chain90SG chain is an improved Low-kickback, Narrow-Kerf Chain for Micro-Lite Cutting Systems.FEATURES:·Micro-Lite narrow-kerf·Less power is required to make the same cut (as compared to 3/8" low profile .050" chain)·Always use 90PX on a Dou ble Guard .043" gauge bar (MLE part numbers) to obtain all the advantages of the Micro-Lite system.· Bumper drive link·Reduces kickback without sacrificing performance·Meets ANSI B175.1 standards for low-kickback saw chain.·Chamfer·Outstanding performance, fast and efficient cutting·Excellent stay-sharp.·LubriLink·help keep oil where it's needed - on the chain·Directs oil to the critical rivet flange/hole interface·LubriWell·help carry oil aroun d the full length of the guide bar's groove·Witness·Provides a visual guide to better maintain a proper filing angle·Vibe-Ban·reduces vibration 25% or more at the saw handles72, 73, 75V (VANGUARD)The new shape of speed, performance, and safety makes Vanguard a chain for professional, commercial, or occasional use. OregonR Vanguard equals or beats competitive chains, and our own popular 72LG, in nose-clear bucking, nose-buried bucking and boring - while also meeting the ANSI low-kickback standard.FEATURES:·Wide-track depth gauge makes the remarkable combination of fast cutting, smooth operation and low-kickback performance possible·Available exclusively from Oregon·LubriLink tie straps help keep oil where it's needed - on the chain·Top-plate witness mark makes accurate sharpening easier·Vibe-Ban chassis design reduces vibration 25% or more at the handles .404"-pitch Chains for Professional Use68LX68LX is a big-timber chain for cutting clean wood with kickback-reducing ramp-shaped depth gauges.FEATURES:·Advanced grind geometry·Woods ready out of the box·Great results in all cutting modes·Extreme cutting efficiency, less feed force required·Blued cutters·Superior corrosion resistance·Base-cutter hardness consistency.·Tumbled parts·Smooth finish.·Improves joint articulation, combats tight joints·Thinner cutter More efficient, easier filing.·LubriLink tie straps More oil stays where it’s needed: on the chain.·Top-plate witness mark Sharpening is easy and consistent every time and serves as end-of-life indicator.58, 59J/L (SUPER GUARD, round ground chains)A big-timber chain for cutting clean wood with kickback-reducing ramp-shaped depth gauges.FEATURES:·Top-performing square-corner "chisel" cutters sever wood fibers completely in a single pass·Ramp-shaped depth gauges help reduce kickback without the weight or bulk of bumper drive links of tie straps·LubriLink tie straps help keep oil where it's needed - on the chain 27, 27A (MICRO-CHISELR)A heavy-duty high-performance chain for professional users of large saws who prefer the durability and easy maintenance of small-radius Micro-ChiselR cutters.FEATURES:·Micro-ChiselR cutters feature small-radius working corners for fast cutting, edge-holding durability and easy sharpening·LubriLink tie straps help keep oil where it's needed - on the chain 58, 59CP (MICRO-BITR)The big-timber chain for woodworkers who prefer fully rounded "chipper"-type cutters. FEATURES:·Micro-BitR cutters feature fully rounded working corners and side plates (similar to 11BC) for excellent performance, easy sharpening, and edge-holding durability·Particularly effective in cutting hardwoods·LubriLink? tie straps help keep oil where it's needed - on the chain 27R27R is a specialty ripping chain, features a special factory grind for making dimensional boards and planks from larger timbers by “ripping” (cutting parallel to the wood grain).FEATURES:·Standard chassis and cutter parts are used; cutter grind is the only difference from standard chains.·For use on chain-type sawmills; not recommended for hand-held use·Four-way symmetrical tie straps make assembly fool-proof, there’s no way to position a 91P tie strap incorrectly·LubriLink tie straps help keep oil where it’s needed – on the chain.·Patented steel, with greater durability, especially in cold condition s for excellent performance and easy sharpening·LubriWell oil holes help carry oil around the full length of the guide bar’s groove3/8" pitch Narrow-Kerf Chains for Commercial Use90SG (Micro-Lite)90SG chain is part of a Micro-Lite narrow-kerf cutting system that requires less power from the saw to cut than standard cutting systems.FEATURES:·90SG is a low-kickback chain·Low-vibration chamfer-chisel cutters have an angular shape with twin cutting corners for excellent performance and edge-holding durability·Narrow .043" gauge helps reduce the weight of the bar-chain combination approximately 15%·Alwa ys install 90SG chains on a .043" gauge Micro-Lite bar (MLE part numbers) to obtain all the advantages of the Micro-Litesystem. 90SG chain does not fit .050" gauge bars intended for 91-series chains·LubriLink tie straps help keep oil where it's nee ded - on the chain·Top-plate witness mark makes accurate sharpening easier·LubriWell oil holes help carry oil around the full length of the guide bar's groove·Vibe-Ban chassis design reduces vibration 25% or more at the handles .325" pitch Narrow-Kerf Chains for Commercial Use95VPX (Micro-Lite)95VPX is part of a Micro-Lite narrow-kerf cutting system that requires less power from the saw to cut than standard cutting systems.FEATURES:·95VPX is a low-kickback chain·Micro-Chisel cutters feature small-radius working corners for excellent performance and easy sharpening·Always install 95VPX cha in on a Micro-Lite bar (ML or MP part numbers) to obtain all the advantages built into the Micro-Lite system·LubriLink tie straps help keep oil where it's needed - on the chain·LubriWell oil holes help carry oil around the full length of the guide bar's groove·Vibe-Ban chassis design reduces vibration 25% or more at the handleRipping Chains for Professional Use72, 73, 75RD; 27R/RA; 95R (RIPPING CHAINS)These chains feature a special factory grind for making dimensional boards and planks from larger timbers by "ripping" (cutting parallel to the wood grain).FEATURES:·Standard chassis and cutter parts are use d; cutter grind is the only difference from standard chains·For use on chain-type sawmills; not recommended for hand-held use·LubriLink tie straps help keep oil where it's needed - on the chain 91LX (POWER-SHARP)Power-Sharp is the chain for saws equipped with automatic chain-sharpening systems. FEATURES:·Meets the ANSI low-kickback standard·Ideal for less-experienced users, or for cutting in abrasive conditions·LubriLink tie straps help keep oil where it's needed - on the chain·Vibe-Ban chassis design reduces vibration 25% or more at the handlesGuide Bars for Occasional UseOCCASIONAL USE BARS: These bars are ideal for homeowners, campers or hunters who use a chainsaw. They come with sprocket noses of professional quality and smaller-radius noses to help reduce the risk of bar-nose kickback. The bars are light weight, maneuverable, and reversible for long life. Most of the world's consumer saw makers equip their units with these bars as original equipment.MICRO-LITE™ AND MICRO-LITE™ INTENZ® BARSIt takes less power from the saw to make the same length of cut with a narrow-kerf bar/chain cutting system than with a standard bar and chain. Micro-Lite™ is the bar for occasional woodcutters who want the advantages of a narrow-kerf cutting system.·Professional-quality steel material for strength, durability, and resistance to wear.·Thickness of side laminates is reduced to work with narrow-kerf chains .·Available in models with the Intenz® tensioning mechanism built into the bar itself.Note 1: Micro-Lite™ bars are available in two gauges: .043" to be used exclusively with 3/8" -pitch 90SG chain, and .050" gauge to be used exclusively with .325"-pitch 95VP chain. Never install .043"-gauge chain on a .050" gauge bar.Note 2: Always install a Micro-Lite™ bar toge ther with a Micro-Lite™ chain in order to obtain all the advantages built into the Micro-Lite™ narrow-kerf cutting system.DOUBLE GUARD® 25 BARSThe bar for consumers who prefer using small saws. Designed exclusively for use with our 1/4" pitch 25AP chain. Reduced-kickback, small-radius nose and reversible for extended life. Available in 12" and 14" lengths.·Reduced-kickback small-radius nose·Slim symmetrical contour is light in weight, maneuverable, and reversible for long life·Patented Cradle™ nose sprocket design increases sprocket-nose life by 150% to 300%·Lubri-Dam® oil-retaining feature prevents oil from running out the bar's tail, keeps more oil on the bar and chain** Lubri-Dam® and LubriJet® oiling features may not be a standard feature on certain bars depending on the date of manufacture of bar type.DOUBLE GUARD® .325" AND DOUBLE GUARD® .325" INTENZ® BARSDelivers great performance in a reduced-kickback bar for users who prefer medium-size saws and professional-type .325" pitch chain. Same great features as our 3/8" pitch Double Guard® bar.·Reduced-kickback small-radius nose·Slim symmetrical contour is light in weight, maneuverable, and reversible for long life·Patented Cradle™ nose sprocket design increase s sprocket-nose life by 150% to 300%·Lubri-Dam® oil-retaining feature prevents oil from running out the bar's tail, keeps more oil on the bar and chain*·Available in models with the Intenz® tensioning mechanism built into the bar itself* Lubri-Dam® and LubriJet® oiling features may not be a standard feature on certain bars depending on the date of manufacture of bar type.DOUBLE GUARD® 3/8" BARSThe ideal combination of safety and performance is available in these reduced-kickback bars designed for use with 3/8" professional-type chains. Features a slim shape for low weight, small-radius reduced-kickback nose and professional quality nose sprocket and bearings. Symmetrical contour, reversible for longer life.·Reduced-kickback small-radius nose·Slim symmetrical contour is light in weight, maneuverable, and reversible for long life·Patented Cradle™ n ose sprocket design increases sprocket-nose life by 150% to 300%·Lubri-Dam® oil-retaining feature prevents oil from running out the bar's tail, keeps more oil on the bar and chain** Lubri-Dam® and LubriJet® oiling features may not be a standard f eature on certain bars depending on the date of manufacture of bar type.DOUBLE GUARD® 91 AND DOUBLE GUARD® 91 INTENZ® BARSSimply the best bar available for consumer chainsaw users. Recommended for use with electric and small gasoline-powered saws. Same great features as our 3/8" Double Guard® bar.·Reduced-kickback small-radius nose·Slim symmetrical contour is light in we ight, maneuverable, and reversible for long life·Patented Cradle™ nose sprocket design increases sprocket-nose life by 150% to 300%·Lubri-Dam® oil-retaining feature prevents oil from running out the bar's tail, keeps more oil on the bar and chain*·Available in models with the Intenz® tensioning mechanism built into the bar itself* Lubri-Dam® and LubriJet® oiling features may not be a standard feature on certain bars depending on the date of manufacture of bar type.Guide Bars for Professional UsePROFESSIONAL USE BARS: We manufacture the most complete line of chainsaw guide bars for professional loggers. They fit nearly every professional saw used worldwide. The bars are made with replaceable sprocket noses that can be changed in the field if the nose breaks in an accident. Our Laser-Tip solid-nose bars are the best available for cutting in abrasive conditions. Our bars also feature Lubri Jet® oiling holes,ultra-high-strength alloy material, and precision manufacturing. A wide choice is available to the professional woodcutter to suit every cutting need.OREGON® PRO BARSThe ultimate guide bar for professional cut ters. All the benefits of our Power Match® bar plus extra features big timber cutters want. Blended nose and body surfaces reduce bar thickness for less binding in kerf.·All the basic features of our popular Power Match®, along with:·Blende d nose-body surfaces and reduced thickness to minimize hang-ups·Lubri-Dam® oil-retaining feature prevents oil from running out the bar's tail, keeps more oil on the bar and chain*·Lubri Jet® oil holes reduce oil-hole plugging and enhance bar-chain lubrication*·Patented Cradle™ nose sprocket design increases sprocket-nose life by 150% to 300%·Square, polished rails minimize chain leaning; visibly superior quality* Lubri-Dam® and Lubri Jet® oiling features may not be a standa rd feature on certain bars depending on the date of manufacture of bar type.POWER MATCH® PLUS DOUBLE GUARD® BARSFor professional cutters who want fast, easy nose replacement with maximum strength. Features a single-rivet nose fastening system and wide, overlapping ears for solid nose-body attachment. Available in standard-size replacement nose or small-radius, reduced-kickback Double Gu ard® nose. Specially designed Lubri jet® oil hole reduces plugging, extending bar and chain life.·Small-radius nose reduces kickback and makes it easier to cut in tight places·Long nose takes most of the abuse, minimizes wear to the body·Double Guard® noses can replace standard noses with no change in drive-link count·Double Guard® replacement noses fit any Power Match® Plus body and fit all chain gauges (in either .325" or 3/8" pitch)·Lubri-Dam® oil-retaining feature prevents oil from running out the bar's tail, keeps more oil on the bar and chain*·Lubri Jet® oil holes reduce oil-hole plugging and enhance bar-chain lubrication*·Patented Cradle™ nose sprocket design increases sprocket-nose life by 150% to 300%* Lubri-Dam® and Lubri Jet® oiling features may not be a standard feature on certain bars depending on the date of manufacture of bar type.POWER MATCH® PLUS BARSThe industry standard for professional users cutting clean wood.·Nose fastens with a single rivet, and is securely held by wide, strong, overlapping ears·Long nose takes most of the abuse, minimizes wear to the body·Power Match® Plus replacement noses fit any Power Match® Plus body and fit all chain gauges (in either .325", 3/8", or .404" pitch)·Patented Cradle™ nose sprocket design increases sprocket-nose life by 150% to 300%·Lubri-Dam® oil-retaining feature prevents oil from running out the bar's tail, keeps more oil on the bar and chain*·Lubri Jet® oil holes reduce oil-hole plugging and enhance bar-chain lubrication** Lubri-Dam® and Lubri Jet® oiling features may not be a standard feature on certain bars depending on the date of manufacture of bar type.LASER-TIP PLUS SOLID-NOSE BARSBuilt for full-time work in tough, abrasive conditions that would quickly ruin bearings of sprocket-nose bars.·Ultra-high-strength, wear resistant alloy is laser welded to the nose for long bar life·Lubri-Dam® oil-retaining feature prevents oil from running out the bar's tail, keeps more oil on the bar and chain*·Lubri Jet® oil holes reduce oil-hole plugging and enhance bar-chain lubrication*·Laser welding provides a wear resistant alloy bond without weakening the bar body, as can occur with gas welding* Lubri-Dam® and Lubri Jet® oiling features may not be a standard feature on certain bars depending on the date of manufacture of bar type.LASER-LITE® SOLID-NOSE BARSDesigned for small-displacement saws used by commercial cutters who prefer a solid-nose over a sprocket-nose. Endures abrasive cutting conditions better than sprocket-nose bars due to ultra-high-strength wear resistant alloy around the nose.·Laminated construction reduces weight and cost while maintaining excellent performance·Ultra-high-strength wear resistant alloy is laser welded to the nose for long bar life·Laser welding provides the opt imum stellite bond without weakening the bar body, as can occur with gas welding·Lubri-Dam® oil-retaining feature on "LAM" bars increases oiling efficiency while reducing oil-hole plugging** Lubri-Dam® and Lubri Jet® oiling features may not be a standard feature on certain bars depending on the date of manufacture of bar type.Guide Bars for Occasional UseOCCASIONAL USE BARS: These bars are ideal for homeowners, campers or hunters who use a chainsaw. They come with sprocket noses of professional quality and smaller-radius noses to help reduce the risk of bar-nose kickback. The bars are light weight, maneuverable, and reversible for long life. Most of the world's consumer saw makers equip their units with these bars as original equipment.MICRO-LITE™ AND MICRO-LITE™ INTENZ® BARSIt takes less power from the saw to make the same length of cut with a narrow-kerf bar/chain cutting system than with a standard bar and chain. Micro-Lite™ is the bar for occasional woodcutters who want the advantages of a narrow-kerf cutting system.·Professional-quality steel material for strength, durability, and resistance to wear.·Thickn ess of side laminates is reduced to work with narrow-kerf chains .·Available in models with the Intenz® tensioning mechanism built into the bar itself.Note 1: Micro-Lite™ bars are available in two gauges: .043" to be used exclusively with 3/8" -pitch 90SG chain, and .050" gauge to be used exclusively with .325"-pitch 95VP chain. Never install .043"-gauge chain on a .050" gauge bar.Note 2: Always install a Micro-Lite™ bar together with a Micro-Lite™ chain in order to obtain all the advantages built into the Micro-Lite™ narrow-kerf cutting system.。
矿用高强度圆环链规格-概述说明以及解释
矿用高强度圆环链规格-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述矿用高强度圆环链是一种重要的矿业装备配件,它在矿山生产中发挥着至关重要的作用。
本文旨在对矿用高强度圆环链的规格标准进行深入分析和探讨,讨论其定义、特点、应用领域以及相关的参数要点。
通过对矿用高强度圆环链进行规格标准化和改进,提高其技术性能和使用效率,从而推动矿业生产的进步与发展。
在矿用高强度圆环链的研究领域,规格标准化是一个重要的课题。
通过明确规格标准和参数要点,可以提高矿用高强度圆环链的通用性和适用性,为矿山生产提供更可靠的支持。
因此,本文将深入探讨矿用高强度圆环链的规格标准和相关要点,为相关行业人士提供有益的参考与借鉴。
1.2 文章结构本文主要分为引言、正文和结论三部分。
在引言中,我们将简要介绍矿用高强度圆环链的概念和重要性,并阐述本文的目的和结构。
在正文部分,我们将详细介绍矿用高强度圆环链的定义、特点、应用领域和规格标准,以及相关的参数要点。
在结论部分,我们将总结矿用高强度圆环链的重要性和发展趋势,提出对规格标准的改进建议,并展望其在矿业领域的应用前景。
通过这样的结构安排,读者将能够全面了解并深入探讨矿用高强度圆环链的相关内容。
1.3 目的本文的主要目的是探讨矿用高强度圆环链的规格标准和参数要点,促进矿用高强度圆环链在矿业领域的应用和发展。
通过对矿用高强度圆环链的定义、特点、应用领域等方面进行深入分析,旨在为相关领域的研究者和从业者提供参考和借鉴,推动矿用高强度圆环链的规格标准化和改进,为提高矿用设备的安全性、稳定性和效率性做出贡献。
同时,通过展望矿用高强度圆环链在矿业领域的应用前景,旨在引领行业发展方向,推动技术创新和进步,实现矿业领域的可持续发展和智能化升级。
2.正文2.1 矿用高强度圆环链的定义和特点矿用高强度圆环链是一种专门用于矿山和采矿行业的重型链条产品,其主要特点包括高强度、耐磨、耐腐蚀和耐高温等特性。
这种链条通常由优质合金钢材料制成,经过特殊热处理和表面处理工艺,具有较高的强度和硬度,能够承受较大的拉力和冲击力。
小学下册第14次英语第四单元测验试卷
小学下册英语第四单元测验试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1 My sister has a strong interest in __________ (文学).2 What do you call the study of human societies and cultures?A. SociologyB. AnthropologyC. PsychologyD. Political science答案:B3 A ______ (多样性) of plants is beneficial.4 What is the name of the fairy tale character who wore a red cloak?A. CinderellaB. Little Red Riding HoodC. Snow WhiteD. Belle5 The chemical symbol for iridium is _______.6 What do you call the frozen water that falls from the sky?A. RainB. SnowC. HailD. Sleet答案: B7 What do we call the study of living things?A. PhysicsB. ChemistryC. BiologyD. Astronomy答案:C8 My favorite fruit is _____ (香蕉).9 The Earth's magnetic field protects it from solar ______.10 The atomic mass of an element is approximately equal to the number of _____ and neutrons.11 What is the largest mammal?A. ElephantB. Blue WhaleC. GiraffeD. Hippo12 A horse gallops across the _____.13 I saw a _____ (小羊) grazing with its mother.14 The __________ (沙漠) is very hot and dry.15 My friend is __________ (具有创造力).16 I like to play ______ (games) on my tablet.17 There are many ________ (岛) in the ocean.18 I can ___ (bake) a cake.19 A _____ is a small celestial body that orbits the sun.20 What is the process of changing from a caterpillar to a butterfly called?A. MetamorphosisB. EvolutionC. TransformationD. Development21 What do you call a young mongoose?A. KitB. PupC. CalfD. Cub22 Which word means "not heavy"?A. LightB. HeavyC. BurdensomeD. Weighty23 What is the primary color of grass?A. GreenB. YellowC. BrownD. Red答案: A24 My mom loves __________ (社区建设).25 The chemical formula for bismuth(III) oxide is __________.26 What is the name of the fairy tale character who lost her glass slipper?A. Snow WhiteB. CinderellaC. Sleeping BeautyD. Rapunzel答案: B27 What is the capital of Saudi Arabia?A. MeccaB. RiyadhC. JeddahD. Medina28 The invention of the airplane changed the way people _____.29 I love ________ (春天) because of the flowers.30 My favorite book is ______.31 My _____ (木偶) dances when I pull the string.32 My uncle shares his __________ (经验) in cooking.33 The __________ (历史小说) often bring past events to life.34 What is the capital of France?A. LondonB. ParisC. RomeD. Berlin答案:B35 I have a toy _____ that can sing.36 In _____ (印度尼西亚), you can find many islands.37 (Ancient) Greeks were known for their philosophy and democracy. The ____38 What do you call a person who drives a bus?A. DriverB. ConductorC. Bus driverD. Chauffeur答案:C39 I can ________ my toys.40 A solution that has a pH of is considered ______.41 A __________ is formed by the accumulation of minerals in a specific area.42 The __________ is a famous city known for its historic buildings. (伊斯坦布尔)43 What is the capital of Italy?A. RomeB. VeniceC. FlorenceD. Milan44 In a synthesis reaction, two or more reactants combine to form a _____ product.45 The _____ of a star is how far it is from Earth.46 The capital of Norway is _____.47 The kitten is ___ in the box. (sleeping)48 A _______ change involves a change in appearance but not in composition.49 The _____ (植物标本) helps preserve plant species for study.50 The state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape is _____.51 A ____ has soft fur and enjoys cuddling with people.52 I have a ________ that bounces.53 I think learning is very ________ (重要).54 A tiger has beautiful _________ (条纹).55 The _______ helps maintain balance in nature.56 What is the capital of Sudan?A. KhartoumB. OmdurmanC. Port SudanD. Nyala答案:A57 Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing ______ (植物).58 What do we call a person who studies insects?A. EntomologistB. BiologistC. EcologistD. Botanist答案:A59 A hypothesis is an educated _____ about a scientific question.60 What is the capital city of Malta?A. VallettaB. MdinaC. SliemaD. St. Julian's答案: A61 What do we call a person who studies space?A. AstronomerB. GeologistC. MeteorologistD. Biologist62 We have a ______ (充满乐趣的) sports day at school.63 _____ (阳台) gardens can be very colorful.64 The chemical reaction that occurs in batteries is called ______.65 What is the opposite of strong?A. WeakB. PowerfulC. MuscularD. Tough66 I can ______ (制定) plans for the future.67 ________ (植物适应性策略) are employed for success.68 What is the term for a young porcupine?a. Quillb. Pupc. Calfd. Kit答案:a69 The capital of Belgium is __________.70 The ____ has a thick coat to keep warm in winter.71 I like to _______ (参加) workshops.72 The cat is ___ (resting) on the sofa.73 The _____ (海豚) has a friendly personality.74 A __________ (植物的繁殖方式) can vary greatly.75 A _____ (41) is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas.76 A _______ can measure the amount of light absorbed by a surface.77 What color are strawberries?A. BlueB. RedC. YellowD. Green答案:B78 What is the name of the famous American author who wrote "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer"?A. Mark TwainB. Ernest HemingwayC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. John Steinbeck答案:A79 Every plant has unique __________ (特征).80 The bat sleeps upside _____.81 I like to _____ (探险) outdoors.82 I enjoy spending time at ______ with my friends.83 The _____ (蜜蜂) is essential for pollinating flowers.84 What is the process of changing from a liquid to a gas?A. EvaporationB. CondensationC. FreezingD. Melting答案:A85 The ________ was an important milestone in the history of freedom.86 Polyatomic ions consist of multiple ______.87 The __________ (传统习俗) are passed down through generations.88 The bee collects _______ (花蜜) for honey.89 The Kuiper Belt is located beyond ______.90 Chemical formulas are used to represent the ________ of compounds.91 A _____ (生态平衡) is essential for a healthy environment.92 The __________ is a major desert in Australia. (大沙漠)93 Elements are arranged in the periodic table by their ________ number.94 Geologists use the term "strata" to refer to ______ of rock layers.95 My cousin is a ______. She loves to design clothes.96 Wall is a symbol of ________ (中国的历史). The Grea97 The chemical formula for sodium sulfite is __________.98 My mom loves to _____ (修剪) the bushes in our garden.99 The _______ attracts various pollinators.100 Which planet is known for its rings?A. SaturnB. JupiterC. NeptuneD. Mars答案: A。
追女孩的二十四种绝招
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Solana(索拉纳)公链了解
Solana(索拉纳)公链了解Solana()公链⼀、背景随着加密货币市场热度不断攀升,以太坊的⽤户也不断增加,随之⽽来的就是⾼额的Gas费⽤以及拥堵的⽹络,这迫使⽤户不得不去寻找新的。
公链领域存在着“不可能三⾓”,即去中⼼化、安全性和可扩展性三者不可兼得。
其中,各⼤公链都会⾸要保证去中⼼化和安全性,于是可扩展性便成为许多新兴公链钻研的⽬标。
Solana是在这个背景下产⽣的。
它给⾃⼰的定位是世界上最快的⾼性能公链,它的可扩展性可以达到⽹络级别,理论上标准千兆⽹络下TPS 最⾼可达 71 万。
公链领域的“不可能三⾓”问题,TPS对⽐图如下:TPS:Transactions Per Second(每秒传输的事物处理个数),即服务器每秒处理的事务数。
TPS包括⼀条消息⼊和⼀条消息出,加上⼀次⽤户数据库访问。
(业务TPS = CAPS × 每个呼叫平均TPS)TPS是软件测试结果的测量单位。
⼀个事务是指⼀个客户机向服务器发送请求然后服务器做出反应的过程。
客户机在发送请求时开始计时,收到服务器响应后结束计时,以此来计算使⽤的时间和完成的事务个数。
⼀般的,评价系统性能均以每秒钟完成的技术交易的数量来衡量。
系统整体处理能⼒取决于处理能⼒最低模块的TPS值。
⼆、基本概念下⾯是Solana的⼤事件:之前DeFi的盛⾏让以太坊交易慢、gas贵。
⽽Solana团队在DeFi爆发的前夜,预见性地推出了以太坊桥——⾍洞(Wormhole)协议,实现了Solana和以太坊上资产的跨链转移,这为上⼤量的DeFi项⽬提供了⼀个新的选项。
在Layer 2扩容⽅案完善落地之前,Solana为各平台、项⽬提供了⼀条⽆需重写合约即可低成本快速迁移的公链。
当以太坊的问题暴露在所有⼈⾯前的时候,Solana的提前布局为他们带来了很多优质项⽬的迁移和⼤量活跃⽤户。
(⼀)Solana的优势Solana利⽤⼯作历史证明 PoH、基站拜占庭容错(Tower BFT)、涡轮机(区块传播协议)、海湾流(⽆内存交易转发协议)、海平⾯(并⾏智能合约)、管道(验证交易)、云散(⽔平扩展账户数据库)以及档案(分布式账本存储)⼋⼤突破性技术构建出了⼀个超⾼性能的区块链。
课件5 扩链剂综述
MOCA为白色至浅黄色针状结晶体,有吸湿能力, 易溶于丙酮、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺溶剂,溶于 乙醇、苯、甲苯。其基本性能列表如下:
生产厂 物性 密度/(g/cm3) 胺值 /(mmol/g) 分解 温度/℃ 指标 1.44 7.4~7.6 296 外观 熔点/℃ 浅黄色 100~104 浅黄色 93~99 浅黄色 ≥98 白色 100~108 浅黄色 ≥98 产品 牌号 和歌山(日) A S 伊哈拉(日) M 苏州吴县 WM-Ⅰ WM-ⅡA
泡配方中。
CH2CH2 TGA: N CH2CH2 CH2CH2 CH2CH2 DGA: HN 醇胺类 CH2CH2 OH CH2 CH OH TIPA:
OH OH OH OH
OH
CH3
N
CH2
CH OH
CH3
CH2
CH
CH3
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氨基两个不同的官能基,它们不仅具有扩链交联功 能,同时,还具有一定的适用期调节功能,所以能 对异氰酸酯反应产生影响。目前使用较多的醇胺类 扩链剂主要有乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、三异 丙醇胺和N,N’-双(2-羟丙基)苯胺等。它们不仅 可以作为普通聚醚合成中的起始剂,同时,也能作
聚氨酯材料的扩链剂而用于高回软泡、半硬泡和硬
OH OH OH CH2CH2 OH OH CH2CH2OH
1,2-PG: HO 脂肪类 1,4-BD: HO DEG: 二醇 HD: HO HO
CH2CH2CH2CH2 CH2CH2 O
CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2 O O
HQEE:HOCH2CH2 芳香类 小分子醇 HER: HOCH2CH2 CH 甘油 三醇 CH2 CH2 OH OH OH CH2 TMP CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH2
相容扩链剂
相容扩链剂
第一篇:相容扩链剂
一、什么是相容扩链剂
相容扩链剂是一种多功能复合聚合物,是一种复合结构改性剂,主要由同聚聚醚、共聚物或烷交联物结构形成的复合结构组成,具有表面活性和粘结性良好的性能,能把水溶性和不水溶性物质完美结合,是一种全新的物理改性剂。
此外,相容扩链剂可以提高涂料的粘结性、防水性、耐久性、抗拉性等性能,能显著提高涂层的抗老化性能,有效减少涂层的成膜时间,具有良好的耐刮性能和良好的耐磨损性,并具有较好的耐久性。
二、主要功能
(1)增加涂料的粘结性和附着力:相容扩链剂能够有效提高涂
料的粘结性,增强涂料的附着力,有效地防止涂层脱落。
(2)改善涂料的耐久性:相容扩链剂可以增强涂料的抗拉性、
耐污染性、耐水性和耐磨损性,有效改善涂料的耐久性,使涂层更加耐久耐用。
(3)改善涂层表面硬度:相容扩链剂可以有效改善涂层表面的
硬度,使涂层表面更加光滑,表面不易磨损,良好的机械性能可以有效防止涂层外观的变色、空白和烧伤现象。
(4)增强涂料的防潮性:相容扩链剂可以增强涂料的防潮性,
有效的抑制涂层受潮变色、褪色、变形等问题,使涂层具有良好的抗水性能和防潮性能。
三、结论
相容扩链剂是一种复合聚合物,具备表面活性和粘结性,能够完美结合水溶性和不水溶性物质。
此外,它还可以改善涂料的粘结性、防水性、耐久性、抗拉性等基本性能,提高涂层表面的硬度,增强涂层的防潮性,从而使涂层具有更好的性能和更长的使用寿命。
基于区块链技术的充电桩密钥管理方案
基于区块链技术的充电桩密钥管理方案作者:高兰魏光村李庆来源:《软件导刊》2020年第10期摘要:为了保证充电桩、充电桩监控系统及运营管理平台之间通信安全与充电桩通信效率,结合区块链技术提出一种基于区块链技术的分布式密钥管理方案。
从密钥生成、更新和注销3个方面进行详细介绍。
优化改进椭圆曲线加密算法的标量乘法运算,将随机数[k]表示成二进制数形式,减少[kP]运算计算量,以提高椭圆曲线加密算法运算效率。
改进后的算法平均只需进行[32log2k]次标量乘法运算,最多需进行[2log2k]次标量乘法运算,使在密钥产生阶段与签名阶段消耗的时长相较于椭圆曲线加密算法均缩短了20~30个百分点,在验证阶段缩短了约40~50个百分点,证明该方案具有更高的响应效率和安全性,也更适用于电动汽车充电基础设施。
关键词:区块链;充电桩;密钥管理;信息安全DOI:10. 11907/rjdk. 201156中图分类号:TP301 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-7800(2020)010-0138-04Abstract:Charging pile communication system is an important part of better development of charging infrastructure and service of electric vehicles. The key management is crucial to the successful implementation of information security protection measures. In order to ensure the communication safety and efficiency of the charging pile, the charging pile monitoring system and the operation management platform, this paper proposes a distributed key management scheme based on blockchain technology. The article introduces in detail the three aspects of key generation,update and cancellation. We optimize the scalar multiplication of the elliptic curve encryption algorithm. The random number [k] is represented as a binary number, which reduces the calculation amount of the [kP] operation, thereby improving the operation efficiency of the elliptic curve encryption algorithm. The improved algorithm only needs to perform [32log2k] scalar multiplication operations on average, and at most [2log2k] scalar multiplication operations. Compared with the elliptic curve encryption algorithm, the time in the key generation phase and the signature phase is improved by 20-30%, and it is increased by 40-50% in the verification phase. Through the analysis of the scheme, the proposed scheme has higher response efficiency and safety, and is more suitable for the electric vehicle charging infrastructure.Key Words:blockchain;charging pile; key management; information security0 引言隨着我国新能源汽车利好政策陆续出台,电动汽车产业发展迅速,积极建设充电基础设施是产业发展关键。
ton链合约教程
ton链合约教程欢迎来到TON链合约教程!在本篇教程中,我们将介绍TON 链合约的基本概念、开发环境的搭建、合约的编写与部署等内容。
希望通过本教程,您可以了解并掌握如何使用TON链开发智能合约。
第一部分:概述1. 什么是TON链?TON链,全称Telegram Open Network,是由Telegram创建的区块链平台。
它旨在为其亿级用户提供高性能的、安全的和可扩展的区块链解决方案。
2. 什么是TON链合约?TON链合约是指在TON链上运行的智能合约,它们通过自身的代码和逻辑来管理和执行交易、状态和数据等操作。
3. TON链合约的特点- 高性能:TON链可以实现每秒数百万的交易处理能力,通过使用图灵完备的虚拟机TON VM(Virtual Machine)来支持各种智能合约的开发。
- 高安全性:TON链的共识机制采用了一种称为“2/3 投票”的机制,即只有当至少2/3的全网节点同意一项交易时,该交易才能被执行和确认,从而确保了系统的安全性。
- 可扩展性:TON链的设计目标之一是满足高并发和大规模用户使用的需求,通过区块链分片、动态存储分配等技术来提高系统的可扩展性。
- 匿名性:通过使用零知识证明技术,TON链可以实现用户的匿名交易和隐私保护。
4. TON链开发环境搭建在开始开发TON链合约之前,我们需要搭建相应的开发环境。
首先,我们需要安装TON链的节点软件。
您可以从TON官方网站上下载适用于不同操作系统的节点软件包,并按照官方提供的安装指南进行安装。
其次,我们需要选择一种适合的编程语言来开发合约。
TON链支持多种编程语言,包括Solidity、C++和Fift等。
您可以根据自己的喜好和熟悉程度选择合适的语言。
最后,我们需要选择一个合适的集成开发环境(IDE)来编写和测试合约代码。
目前,比较常用的IDE有VS Code、JetBrains IDE和Remix等。
第二部分:合约的编写与部署1. 合约编写合约的编写是开发TON链应用的核心工作。
扩链系数的计算公式
扩链系数的计算公式扩链系数是在高分子化学领域中一个比较重要的概念,它在聚合物的合成和性能研究中起着关键作用。
咱们先来说说啥是扩链系数。
简单来讲,扩链系数就是用来衡量聚合物在经过扩链反应后,分子量增加程度的一个指标。
想象一下,一堆小分子的聚合物链条,就像一根根短短的小绳子,通过扩链反应,把它们接长、接粗,变成了又长又结实的大绳子,而扩链系数就是反映这个接长接粗程度的数值。
那扩链系数到底咋算呢?这就得提到一些相关的公式和参数啦。
比如说,我们得先搞清楚反应前后聚合物的分子量,还有参与反应的扩链剂的量等等。
假设咱们有一个实验,用某种特定的聚合物和扩链剂进行反应。
反应前聚合物的分子量是 M1,反应后变成了 M2,扩链剂的分子量是M3,投入反应的扩链剂的物质的量是 n3。
这时候,扩链系数 K 就可以通过下面这个公式来计算:K = (M2 - M1) / (M3 × n3) 。
听起来是不是有点复杂?其实啊,咱们举个例子就好理解多了。
就说我之前在实验室里做的一个实验吧。
我想合成一种具有特定性能的高分子材料,于是就用到了扩链反应。
我选的聚合物初始分子量是 5000,经过一番操作,反应结束后一测,分子量变成了 15000。
用的扩链剂分子量是 200,而且我投进去的扩链剂物质的量是 0.05mol 。
那按照公式来算,扩链系数 K 就等于(15000 - 5000)÷(200×0.05)= 200 。
这就意味着,通过这次扩链反应,聚合物的分子量有了相当大的提升。
在实际应用中,扩链系数的计算可重要啦。
比如说,在塑料加工行业,如果能准确算出扩链系数,就能更好地控制产品的性能和质量。
就像生产塑料玩具,如果扩链系数没控制好,做出来的玩具可能就容易断裂或者变形,那可就不好卖啦。
再比如在医学领域,一些高分子材料被用来制作药物载体或者组织工程支架,这时候对扩链系数的精确计算和控制,能确保材料具有合适的力学性能和生物相容性,从而更好地发挥作用。
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音乐术语的中英对照ContentPart I 常用音乐名词Part II 乐谱中的音乐术语-------------------------------------------------------Part Ivibration 振动sound 音tone 音(乐音)musical tone 乐音noise 噪音acoustics 声学psychoacoustics 心理声学frequency 频率intensity 强度time 时间wave form 波形pitch 音高loudness 响度duration 时值timbre 音色 (tone color or quality)tuning fork 音叉pure tone 纯音complex tone 复音 (composite tone)overtone(s) 泛音(aliquot tone, harmonics, flageolet tone 即upper partials) overtone series 泛音列partial(s) 分音(partial tone)fundamental(tone) 基音 (first partial)step 音级(scale step, degree)accidental(s) 变音记号sharp 升号flat 降号double-sharp 重升号double-flat 重降号nature 还原号 intonation 音准octave 八度range 音域(compass)(voice) 音区small c 小字组cgreat C 大字组Ccontra C 大字二组Cunaccented octave 小字组one-lined octave 小字一组 (one-line)two-lined octave 小字二组 (two-line) three -lined octave 小字三组(three-line) four-line octave 小字四组 (four-line) temperament 乐律tempered scale 平均律 (equal temperament) just intonation 纯律pitch name 音名enharmonic notes 等音(whole) tone 全音half-tone 半音natural half-tone 自然半音natural tone 自然全音chromatic tone 变化全音chromatic half-tone 变化半音notation 记谱法staff 乐谱treble clef 高音谱号bass clef 低音谱号clef 谱号 (G clef, F clef, C clef)note(s) 音符rest(s) 休止符breve 二全音符semibreve 全音符 (whole note,美)minim 二分音符 (half note,美)crotchet 四分音符(quarter note,美)quaver 八分音符 (eighth note,美)semiquaver 十六分音符(sixteenth note,美) demisemiquaver 三十二分音符(thirty-second note,美)hemidemisemi quaver 六十四分音符 (sixty-fourth note,美) dot 附点double dot 复附点dotted note 附点音符dotted rest 附点休止符score 总谱leger line(s) 加线 (ledger line(s))head 符头stem 符干hook 符尾(tail)space 间line 线tie 延音线pause 延长号(hold, fermata)bar 小节 (bar line小节线,measure)legato 连音,连奏staccato 断音,断奏sostenuto 持音trembolo 震音glissando 滑音relative pitch 相对音高(听觉)absolute pitch 绝对音高(听觉)sight-singing 视唱fixed-do 固定唱名法 movable-do 音调唱名法lyra 乐徽rhythm 节奏rhythmic pattern 节奏型accent 重音syncopation 切分音meter 拍子 (time)duple meter(s) 二拍子 (2/2,2/4,2/8)triple meter(s) 三拍子 (3/2,3/4,3/8)quadruple meter(s) 四拍子 (4/2,4/4,4/8)common meter 普通拍子 (4/4)simple meter(s) 单拍子compound meter(s) 复拍子compound duple meter(s) 复二拍子(6/2,6/4,6/8) compound triple meter(s) 复三拍子(9/4,9/8)compound quadruple meter(s) 复四拍子 (12/4,12/8,12/16) quintuple meter 五拍子time signature 拍号multi-meter 变化拍子irregular meter (不规则)混合拍子(7/4,11/7) Metronome 节拍机(M.M.=Malzel’s ~)duplet 二连音triplet 三连音quadruplet 四连音quintuplet 五连音sextuplet 六连音septuplet 七连音tempo 速度dynamics 力度tempo mark(s) 速度标记dynamic mark(s) 力度标记mode 调式(狭指教会调式;广指调式)scale 音阶key 调tonality 调性atonality 无调性bitonality 双重调性polytonality 多调性major 大调minor 小调key signature 调号pentatonic 五声的natural 自然的melodic 旋律的harmonic 和声的whole-tone 全音的chromatic 半音的ascending 上行descending 下行scale degree (调式)音级tonic(I) 主音,主和弦supertonic(II) 上主音,上主和弦mediant (III) 中音,中音和弦subdominant(IV) 下属音,下属和弦dominant(V) 属音,属和弦submediant(VI) 下中音,下中音和弦 (super-dominant) leading tone(VII) 导音,导和弦 (subtonic)broken chord 分解和弦altered chord 变和弦false chord 假和弦 resolution 解决relative keys 关系大小调parallel keys 同主音调interval 音程melodic interval 旋律音程harmonic interval 和声音程root 根音(fundamental)scale step 音级(音级数:number of scale step)simple interval 单音程compound interval 复音程enharmonic intervals 等音程inversion 转位(complement)minor 小(音程)major 大(音程)perfect 完全,纯(音程)augmented 增(音程)diminished 减(音程)double-augmented 倍增(音程)double-diminished 倍减(音程)unison 同度,一度(prime)second 二度third 三度fourth 四度fifth 五度sixth 六度seventh 七度octave 八度ninth 九度tenth 十度eleventh 十一度twelfth 十二度tri-tone 三全音diatonic interval 自然(音程)chromatic interval 变化(音程)consonant 协和(音程、和弦)dissonant 不协和(音程、和弦)chord 和弦triad 三和弦major triad 大三和弦minor triad 小三和弦diminished triad 减三和弦augmented triad 增三和弦root position 原位first inversion 第一转位second inversion 第二转位third inversion 第三转位sixth chord 六和弦sixth-four chord 四六和弦seventh chord 七和弦dominant seventh chord 属七和弦diminished seventh chord 减七和弦ninth chord 九和弦augmented sixth chord 增六和弦Added-sixth chord 加六度和弦fourth chord 四度和弦tone-cluster 音簇harmony 和声学harmonic analysis 和声分析functional harmony 功能和声modulation 转调transposition 移调chromatic scale 半音阶diatonic scale 自然音阶 passing tone 经过音neighboring tone 辅助音(auxiliary tone,upper or lower)anticipation 先现音suspension 延留音ornament(s)装饰音trill 颤音mordent 波音(upper mordent)inverted mordent 逆波音(lower mordent;早期称Schneller)double mordent 复波音inverted turn 回音arpeggio 琶音melody 旋律repetition 重复unity 统一variety 变化variation 变奏theme with variation 主题与变奏comparison 对比augmentation 展开climax 高潮sequence 模进melodic sequence 旋律模进harmonic sequence 和声模进melodic progression 旋律进行melodic contour 旋律轮廓motive 动机development 发展thematic material 主题材料phrase 乐句phrasing 分句period 乐段cadence 终止perfect cadence 完全终止imperfect cadence 不完全终止half cadence 半终止authentic cadence 正格终止plagal cadence 变格终止interrupted cadence 阻碍终止deceptive cadence 伪终止musical form 曲式one-part form 一段式,一部曲式binary form 二段式,二部曲式(AB)rounded binary form (有再现的)二段式ternary form 三段式,三部曲式(ABA)four-part form 四段式five-part form 五段式variation form 变奏曲式(A,A1,A2,A3…)strophic form 分节歌(a,a,a,a …)rondo form 回旋曲式(ABACA)sonata form 奏鸣曲式exposition 呈示部development 展开部recapitulation 再现部rondo sonata form 回旋奏鸣曲式movement 乐章prelude 前奏(曲)interlude 间奏(曲)coda 尾声trio 三声中部cadanza 华彩乐段 musical form 体裁reduction 改编(缩编)trio 三重奏quartet 四重奏quintet 五重奏opera 歌剧ballet 芭蕾chorus 合唱choir 合唱团choral music 合唱音乐cantata 康塔塔mass 弥撒oratorio 清唱剧passion 受难曲symphony 交响曲concerto 协奏曲sonata 奏鸣曲sonatina 小奏鸣曲band 军乐队band music 军乐etude 练习曲march 进行曲jazz 爵士乐overture 序曲ballata 叙事曲inter mezzo 间奏曲waltz 圆舞曲,华尔兹allemande 阿勒曼德courante 库朗特sarabande 萨拉班德gigue 吉格bourree 布列polonaise 波洛涅兹tarantella 塔兰台拉govotte 加沃特chaconne 恰空passacaglia 帕萨卡利亚capriccio 随想曲fantasia 幻想曲lullaby 摇篮曲tango 探戈habanera 哈巴涅拉madrigal 牧歌choral 众赞歌reguiem 安魂曲symphonic poem 交响诗toccata 托卡塔serenade 小夜曲nocturn 夜曲rhapsody 狂想曲minuet 小步舞曲recitative 宣叙调aria 咏叹调songs without word 无词歌invention 创意曲scherzo 谐谑曲mazurka 玛祖卡polka 波尔卡fox trot 狐步舞blues 布鲁斯rumba 伦巴disco 迪斯科 suite 组曲fugue 赋格instrumental music 器乐musical instrument 乐器instrumentation 乐器法orchestra 管弦乐队orchestration 配器法conductor 指挥concert master 首席podium 指挥台wood wind instruments 木管乐器piccolo 短笛flute 长笛oboe 双簧管clarinet 单簧管(黑管)bass clarinet 低音单簧管bassoon 大管(巴松)contrabassoon 低音大管English horn 英国管brass wind instruments 铜管乐器French horn 圆号,法国号trumpet 小号cornet 短号trombone 长号tuba 大号bass tuba 低音大号double bass tuba 倍低音大号tenor tuba 次中音大号bass 低音号saxophone 萨克斯管euphonium 尤风宁号percussion(s)打击乐kettle drum 定音鼓bass drum 大鼓tenor drum 中鼓side drum 小鼓triangle 三角铁chimes 排钟marimba 玛林巴tubular bells 管钟glockenspiel 钟琴vibraphone 颤音琴castanets 响板whip 鞭响器rattle 摇响器anvil 乐砧tambourine 铃鼓tabor 塔波鼓bongo 邦戈鼓gong 锣temple block 木鱼wood block 南梆子,盒梆cymbal 钹harp 竖琴xylophone 木琴piano 钢琴pedal 踏板stringed instruments 弦乐器violin 小提琴viola 中提琴cello 大提琴double bass 低音提琴 guitar 吉他lute 疏特琴harpsichord 拨弦古钢琴clavier (18世纪)键盘乐器organ 风琴pipe organ 管风琴accordion 手风琴keyboard 键盘(乐)vocal music 声乐bel canto 美声a cappella 无伴奏合唱voice 人声,声部soprano 女高音coloratura soprano 花腔女高音lyric soprano 抒情女高音dramatic soprano 戏剧女高音mezzo soprano 次女高音,女中音tenor 男高音dramatic tenor 戏剧男高音bariton 男中音bass 男低音unison 齐奏(唱)solo 独奏(唱)duet 二重奏ensemble 合奏(团体)stage 舞台theater 剧场,戏剧Renaissance 文艺复兴Rococo 洛可可Baroque 巴洛克Classicism 古典主义Romanticism 浪漫主义Impressionism 印象主义Nationalism in music 民族乐派Anti- impressionism 反印象主义Realism 现实主义Serialism 序列主义Primitivism 原始主义Expressionism 表现主义Microtonalism 微分音主义Neoclassicism 新古典主义Structuralism 结构主义Concrete Music 具体音乐 Accidentalism 偶然主义Minimalism 省略(简约)主义Pointillism 点描派monophonic music 单声部音乐homophony 主调homophonic music 主调音乐polyphony 复调polyphonic music 复调音乐counterpoint 对位program music 标题音乐absolute music 纯音乐,非标题音乐abstract music 抽象音乐Part II音乐术语Aa tempo 回原速 abbandono无拘无束的,纵情的 acoustic 声音学的,音响效果的a cappella无伴奏合唱 a capriccio无事先预备的,随意发挥的accel 加快的,accentato加重音的,加重的 adagio慢板 agitato激动地Adagio 柔板 Adagio assai 很慢的柔板 Andante 行板Andantino 小行板affettato 矫柔造作的 affettatamente装模作样的affettuoso感情丰富的affrettando快速的 Allegretto non troppo 不过分的小快板Allegretto poco mosso 稍快的小快板 album专集,音乐集alla marcia进行曲风格alla如同……一样的 alla francese法兰西风格 alla polacca波拉卡风格alla spagnuola西班牙风格 alla turca土耳其风格all arg逐渐加强,逐渐变慢,声音愈加饱满 allegramente 欢快的,兴致昂然的allegrissimo极快的 allegretto稍快板 allegro快板,急速的,快节奏的alt最高调,最高调的 altieramente极快的 alto clef 中音谱号amabile和蔼可亲的,可爱的 amorosamente温柔的,亲爱的amoroso温柔的,亲爱的 andante行板,行板乐曲,缓慢的a nimato活泼的,富有生气的,快的 aperto开朗的appassionato热情奔放的,热心的 attacca紧接下段Bbaldo 勇敢的,豪壮的 ballade叙事曲、歌谣 barcarolle 船歌 bar line小节线bass男低音,低音,贝司 bassoon低音管,巴松管 bass clef低音谱号bass drum低音鼓 battuta拍子,特指一小节内第一个重拍ben特殊强调的blocks双头木鱼 brioso布满活力地 breve二全音符breve rest 二全休止符brillante 辉煌的,华丽的 bis重复一次 bizzaro希奇的,怪异的 bongoes连体鼓bow 提琴的琴弓 buffo 可笑的,喜剧的,滑稽地burlesco 戏谑的,诙谐的Ccalando 渐缓且渐弱 calmato 恬静的 caminando 流畅的,进行的cantabile 似歌的 cantando 如歌的 capriccioso 自由的,随想的caprice 随想曲,畅想曲,奇想曲 capricciesamente 自由的,随想的 celesta 钢片琴cello 大提琴 clarinet 竖笛,单簧管(黑管) crotchet 四分音符crotchet rest 四分休止符 cresc渐强 claves 音棒classics 古典音乐chorus 合唱,和声,合唱队 col canto 紧随的旋律comodo安闲地come sopra 如同那边的一样 come 好象,如同 con abbandono 纵情奔放地con affetto 感情丰富地,多情地 con amore 温柔地,亲爱地con ammabilita 和蔼地,亲切地 calando 渐缓且渐弱calmato 恬静的con brio 生气勃勃地,有活力地 concert 音乐会 con entusiasmo 热情地con espressione 富有表现力地 con delicatezza 精细地,娇柔地 concerto 协奏曲con grazio 典雅地,优雅地 con moto 稍快的 con forza 有力地con fuoco 狂热地,热情地 con spirito有精神地cominciata 开头,曲首com modo 舒适的,安闲的 con 同,带着 con malinconia 忧郁消沉地con slancio 强有力地,猛烈地 con spirito 富有生气地con strepito 吵闹地,嘈杂地,震耳欲聋地 con trasporto 自得忘形地con vigore 富有精力地,强健地 conductor 指挥contralto 女底音,女底音手 cymbal 铜钹,土耳其镲Ddance 舞曲 deciso坚定地 delicatamente 精细的,娇柔的delicato 精细的,娇柔的 deejay(DJ)播放音乐的人,DJ delicatezza 细致的Doppio movimento 加倍快 dolente怨诉地 dolce 温柔的,甜美的dolce ondeggiando 温柔的颤抖 dolcissimo 非常温柔的,甜美的dolente 悲痛的,哀伤的 doloroso 悲痛的 doppio 成倍,双重doppio lunghezza di tempo 慢一倍 doppio movimento 快一倍double bass 低音提琴 double bar line 双小节线 dim渐弱di 地,用,自,的 di soppiano 用低音的,温柔的 di sopra 如上边direct 指挥 disperato 失望的,绝望的 distinto 清楚的divoto 诚恳的,忠诚的drammatico 戏剧性的 drum 鼓 drumstick 鼓槌Eenergico精力充沛地 e 与,而 ed 与,而egualmente 同样地,平稳地,均匀地 elegante 幽雅的,高尚的en 在……,……地,按照……风格 energico 精力充足的entusiastico 热情的,热烈的 eroico 英勇的,庄重的espressiove 有表情et 与,而 etude 练习曲Ffantasy 幻想曲 fastoso 华丽的,浮夸的 fantastico 幻想地feroco 粗野的,狂暴的 festivo 有朝气地f强 ff 很强 fresco 朝气蓬勃的,清新的 french horn 圆号,法国号fret 琴柱,挡子 fz突强 forza 力量 fp强后即弱flebile 悲哀的,沉痛的 flat 降调 flat sign 降号flute 横笛,长笛,笛子 finale 终曲 fiero 勇猛的,骄傲的funebre 悲哀的,凄惨的,葬礼的 furioso 狂暴地GGrave 庄板 gaio 快乐的,愉悦的 generoso 慷慨的,高尚的glissando 滑奏,钢琴上的刮奏 glockenspiel 钟琴,铁琴grave沉重地grazioso 幽雅的、优雅地 giocoso 愉快的,游戏的,幽默的giusto 合适的,恰当的 giandioso华丽地、壮丽地guerriero 勇敢的,威武的guiros 瓜(一种利用刮削摩擦发声的拉丁美洲乐器) guitar 吉他harp 竖琴 harpsichord 羽管钢琴(拨管古钢琴) Hi Fi set 高保真音响honky-tonk piano 酒吧钢琴 horn 号,号角Iin tempo 按原速 Impetuoso急速地、如暴风兩般 Innocente 纯洁地LLargo 广板 Larghetto 小广板 Lagrimoso哭泣地largamente宽广地Lamentabile悲伤地 legayo连音 legato assai很连贯legatissimo最连音 Lento 慢板 Leggiero轻快地llargando渐慢并渐强 Lugubre阴郁地MMaestoso隆重地、庄重地 Marcato着重地、清楚地、强调Martiale象进行曲 Mesto悲哀地、忧伤地mf中强 memo mosso 稍慢 molto mosso 很快的molto rit 渐慢很多mp中弱 molto allegro 很快的 molto adagio 很缓慢的Moderado 中板Misterioso神秘地 Morendo逐渐消失Nnon legato非连音 nobilmente高雅地Ppathetic悲怆地 passionate热情洋溢地 Parlando说话似地Pastorale田园风味地 Pesante沉重地 Prestissimo 最急板Presto 急板 poco a poco rit 一点一点地渐慢 poco lento 稍慢 portato次断音poco meno mosso 稍放慢的 p弱 pp很弱 piu Andante 更慢piu Allegro 更快 piu moto 更快的 piu mosso 更快的Pomposo壮丽地、光辉地QQuieto宁静地Rrall 渐慢,rallendando的缩写 rapido 迅速的 rit,ritard渐慢的,ritardando的缩写Rubato节奏自由 risoluto果断地 ritenuto 突慢的Religilso崇拜地Rigoroso严格地、正确地 Risoluto决断地 Rustico乡村风味地Sscherzando幽默地、诙谐地 sempre stacc一直用断音senza accel 不要渐快staccatostaccatissimo断音 sf突强 spirito精神饱满地sotto voce很弱的声音sostenuto持续地 sempre p始终保持弱semplice朴素地、单纯地 sempre继续地 sentimento多愁善感地stringendo 加紧(加快) Smorzando逐渐消失Soavemente和蔼地 Sonore嘹亮地 Spianato纯朴地Strepitoso喧哗地、风暴似地Ttenuto保持 Tranquillo安静地VVigoroso强大地、豪爽地 vivace活泼地 vivo活跃地。