高中英语必修五全册课文内容
人教版高中英语必修5课文原文
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------人教版高中英语必修5课文原文. 必修 5 Uni t 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS KING CHOLERA John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. Buthe became inspired when he thought about helping ordinarypeople exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of itsday. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So manythousands of terrified people died every time there was anoutbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solvethis problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlleduntil its cause was found. He became interested intwo theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. Acloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease intotheir bodies with their meals. From the stomach the diseasequickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but heneeded evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854,he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spreadquickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather1/ 2information. In two . particular streets, the choleraoutbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in tendays. He was determined to find out why. First hemarked on a map the exact places where all the dead people hadlived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of thedisease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in BroadStreet (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40) . He alsonoticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had notforeseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 CambridgeStreet. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk thewater from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, ...。
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U n i t1G R E A T S C I E N T I S T S JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people have lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 163738 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame,Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONAY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went around it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going around the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went around the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they will have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal system as well as different football terms for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 LIFE IN THE FUTUREFIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemail:liqiang15/11/3008(earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up the prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from“time flag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get fromflying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first, however, my friend and guide, Wangping, was very understanding and gave some green tablets which helped a lot. Well- know for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, tr ansported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived.I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I findAt first my surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gas had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wangping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “it’ll make you feel much better.” He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wangping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wangping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wangping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wangping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat a little” he said. “You may found this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you’ll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangI HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity. Insidewas an exhibition f the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we’re going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more post age or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it’s sent. It’s stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. It’s quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can weDuring the explanation I looked at t he pair of small objects called “thoughtpads” on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right ( We nodded.) Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soil” for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn’t itI stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space station like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they’re transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 MAKING THE NEWSMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT“Unforgettable”, says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang( ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin( HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questionsZY: Can I get out on a story immediatelyHX：(laughing) That’s admirable, but I’m afraid it would be unusual! Wait till you’re more experienced. First we’ll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful! What do I need to take with me I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re int erested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a storyHX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you admire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good “nose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mindHX: Here comes my list of dos and don’ts: don’ts miss your deadline, don’t be rude, don’t talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so importantHX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notesHX: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stickHX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A football was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bride him. When we saw him together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real “scoop”. I’m looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I’ll get a scoop too！HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.GETTINH THE “SCOOP”“Quick,” said the editor. “Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop.” Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. “Did he really do that” asked someone from the International News Department. “Yes, I’m afraid he did,” Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading, “This will look very good on the page,” she said. “Where is a good picture of this man” Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happ y with Zhou Yang’s story. “You are really able to write a good front page article,” she said, Zhou Yang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. “Well done,” he said to Zhou Yang. “But please show me your evidence so we’re sure we’ve got our facts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immediately,”said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured age for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies tobe ready. “Wait till tonight,” his friend whispered. “I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop！”Unit 5 FIRST AIDFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from loosing too much water; it is where you feel cool, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burnt it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.Causes of burnsyou can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.●First degree burnsThese affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touchinga hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.●Second degree burnsThese affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hotliquids.●Three degree burnsThese affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristic of burnsFirst degree burns●dry, red and mildly swollen●mildly painful●turn white when pressedSecond degree burns●rough, red and swollen●blisters●watery surface●extremely painfulThree degree burns●black and white and charred●swollen; often tissue under them can be seen●little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area.First aid treatment1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degrees burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burnt area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECERIVES AWARDSeventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.“I’m proud of what I did but I was just doing what I’d been taught,” John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr. Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, “There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.”Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
高中英语必修五课文
-必修 5Unit 2 The United KingdomReadingPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrialcities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to olderbut smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep youreyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.Using LanguageSIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when firstbuilt! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers,such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.Task2: Read the passage and answer these questions:1.Who built the Tower of London? When was it built?2.Who guarded the Queen’ s jewels? What kind of clothes did they wear?3. When was St Paul’ s Cathedral built?4.What did Westminster Abby contain?5.Did she visit the Big Ben?6. How did Zhang Pingyu finish the first day in London?7.What could Pingyu see in Greenwich?8.What interested her most in Greenwich? What kind of line is it?9.Which places did she visit on the third day?10.What seemed strange to her?11.What made her thrilled?Unit 3 Life in the futureReadingFIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemall: liqiang299A@15/11/3008 (Earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that Iam really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I sufferedfrom“ Time lag” . This is similar to the“ jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbac your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping,was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, hisparents' company, called "Future Tours", transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed inthrough a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes.The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey wascompleted and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases hadlittle oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to thisnew situation, Wang Ping appeared. "Put on this mask," he advised. "It'll make you feel much better." Hehanded it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon Iwas back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Pingfastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in alldirections. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a "time lag" flashback and sawthe area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of whatwas still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved - it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. "Why not sit down and eat a little?" he said. "You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you'll be ready for some visits." Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangUsing LanguageI HA VE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modem in space. Described as an enormous round plate,it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth's gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31 st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G:Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we're going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No morepostage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a "thoughtpad". You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent. It's stored on the "thoughtpad" of the receiver. It's quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation isif the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannotblame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called "thoughtpads" on a table. They just lookedlike metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G:And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the "environment area". People used to collect waste in dustbins.Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I fight? (We nodded.) Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as "fertilizer" for the fields and "soil" for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, isrecycled. A great idea, isn't' it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G:Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production.When the goods are ready they're transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful worldof the future.Unit 4 Making the newsReadingMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT"Unforgettable", says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist.Do you have any questions?ZY: HX:ZY: HX:ZY: HX:Can I go out on a story immediately?(laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual ! Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.No need for a camera. You'll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you' re interested.Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.Good.ZY: HX:ZY: HX:ZY: HX:ZY: HX:ZY: HX:ZY: HX:What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good "nose" for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole troth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.What should I keep in mind?Here comes my list of dos and don'ts: don't miss your deadline, don't be rode, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.Why is listening so important?Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It's also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.Wow! That was a real "scoop". I'm looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I'll get a scooptoo!Perhaps you will. You never know.Using LanguageGETTING THE "SCOOP""Quick," said the editor. "Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop." Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. "Did he really do that?" asked someone from the International News Department. "Yes, I' m afraid he did," Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying,Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how todo that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computerand began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read thearticle and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smallerheading.“ This will look very good on the page,” she said. "Where is a good picture of this man?" Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by thenewspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang's story. "You are really able to write agood front page article," she said. Zhou Yang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it andapproved it. "Well done," he said to Zhou Yang. "But please show me your evidence so we're sure we've got ourfacts straight.”“ I’ ll bring it to you immediately," said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set.All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process.They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours hadone negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspaper. After one lastcheck the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. "Wait 611tonight," his friend whispered. "I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop!"Unit 5 First aidReadingFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrieragainst disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps youwarm or cool;it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and itgives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is avery important first step in the treatment of bums.Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire,etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending onwhich layers of the skin are burned.◎ First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan,stove or iron for a mordent.◎ Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.◎ Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burnscause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burns◎dry, red and mildly swollen◎mildly painful◎turn white when pressedSecond degree burns◎rough, red and swollen◎blisters◎watery surface◎extremely painfulThird degree burns◎black and white and charred◎swollen; often tissue under them can be seen◎little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injuredarea.First aid treatment1Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable andreduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them onthe burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.7If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.Using LanguageHEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AW ARDSeventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertownfor giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had savedthe life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ranfrom the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife.She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived."I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught," John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is no doubt that John's quick thinking andthe first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make areal difference."Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
高中英语必修五课文
高中英语必修五课文(总9页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小---必修5Unit 2 The United KingdomReadingPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history. First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.Using LanguageSIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen" she wondered as she fell asleep.Task2: Read the passage and answer these questions:1. Who built the Tower of London When was it built2. Who guarded the Queen’s jewels What kind of clothes did they wear3. When was St Paul’s Cathedral built4. What did Westminster Abby contain5. Did she visit the Big Ben?6. How did Zhang Pingyu finish the first day in London7. What could Pingyu see in Greenwich?8. What interested her most in Greenwich What kind of line is it9. Which places did she visit on the third day?10. What seemed strange to her?11. What made her thrilled?Unit 3 Life in the futureReadingFIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemall 15/11/3008 (Earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the firstfew days. As a result, I suffered from “Time lag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future Tours", transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. "Put on this mask," he advised. "It'll make you feel much better." He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a "time lag" flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him. Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved - it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. "Why not sit down and eat a little" he said. "You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you'll be ready for some visits." Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangUsing LanguageI HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modem in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth's gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31 st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we're going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on atypewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sentusing a "thoughtpad". You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent. It's stored on the "thoughtpad" of the receiver. It's quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called "thoughtpads" on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the "environment area". People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I fight (Wenodded.) Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available.The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as "fertilizer" for the fields and "soil" for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, isrecycled. A great idea, isn't' itI stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one. A group ofengineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goodssuch as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train theirrepresentatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they're transported by industrialspaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 Making the newsReadingMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT"Unforgettable", says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?HX: (laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual ! Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me I already have a notebook and camera. HX: No need for a camera. You'll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you' re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good "nose" fora story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the wholetroth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here comes my list of dos and don'ts: don't miss your deadline, don't be rode, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so important?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?HX: This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It's also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. Wewent to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. When wesaw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language that he was nottelling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemmabecause the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real "scoop". I'm looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I'll get a scoop too!HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.Using LanguageGETTING THE "SCOOP""Quick," said the editor. "Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop." Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. "Did he really do that" asked someone from the International News Department. "Yes, I' m afraid he did," Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading. “This will look very good on t he page,” she said. "Where is a good picture of this man" Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang's story. "You are really able to write a good front page article," she said. Zhou Yang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. "Well done," he said to Zhou Yang. "But please show me your evidence so we're sure we've got our fa cts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immediately," said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. "Wait 611 tonight," his friend whispered. "I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop!"Unit 5 First aidReadingFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of bums.Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending onwhich layers of the skin are burned.◎ First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a mordent.◎ Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.◎ Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go tohospital at once.Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burns◎ dry, red and mildly swollen◎ mildly painful◎turn white when pressedSecond degree burns◎ rough, red and swollen◎ blisters◎ watery surface◎ extremely painfulThird degree burns◎ black and white and charred◎ swollen; often tissue under them can be seen◎ little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge ofinjured area.First aid treatment1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.Using LanguageHEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARDSeventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived."I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught," John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference."Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.11。
高中英语必修五(人教版)-听力原文(含WORKBOOK部分)
高中英语必修五（人教版）听力原文（含WORKBOOK部分）Unit 1 page 5A GREAT CHINESE SCIENTISTFather of the Chinese space programmeYu Ping is talking to her friend Steve Smith about Qian Xuesen and his work as a rocket scientist.YP: What do you want to be when you grow up, Steve?SS: I want to be an astronomer and visit stars. I wish to visit Mars one day. YP: I think I'd like to work in the space industry too. I'd like to be a rocket scientist like Qian Xuesen.SS: What did he have to do to become a rocket scientist?YP: Well, he first studied at university to be an engineer. Then he was lucky enough to go to America to study for his doctor's degree. It was then he began to work on rockets there.SS: So it was lucky for our space programme that he came back to China. YP: Very lucky. There was no work on space rockets before he began his institute in China to design and build rockets to go into space.SS: Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of his rockets?YP: I have no idea but I believe he looked forward to the first space flight by a Chinese astronaut.SS: Yes. China, has already sent satellites into space. I hope that we’ll be the first to land on Mars. That would really be something special and if Iwere that astronaut I would put Qian Xuesen's picture on Mars to show how much we admire his work.YP: Indeed. He is called the father of the Chinese space programme. He is my hero and he is why I want to be a rocket scientist.SS: Well, we'd better get on with our homework. We need good grades to get into university.YP: Right you are. See you, then.SS: See you.Workbook unit1 Page 41NAMING A FLOWERRobert Briggs is talking to Zhang Wei about a new flower he has found. ZW: Hello Robert. What’s that book you’re carrying?RB: A book that helps you identify a flower.ZW: I see. Why do you want that?RB: Well, I’ve found this lily. It looks different to me. So I want to find out if it’snew or not. Our biology teacher told me that if it’s already known, I’d find it inthis book.ZW: Wow! So you think you may have found a new lily?RB: I hope so, but I have to do some research first to find out for sure.ZW: What happens if it’s in the book?RB: It means that somebody else has found it and named it. Then I’ll know its biological name.ZW: What do you mean by the biological name?RB: Actually like us a flower has two names. The first is the group of flowers it belongs to-like a family name. A rose is one such group. The second is the kind offlower-like a given name. It may describe what the rose looks like; for example, thecolor of an autumn sunset. Together you get the flower’s name, which is RoseAutumn Sunset.ZW: Gosh! Who made that system?RB: A great scientist called Carl Linnaeus. He lived in Sweden from 1707 to 1778.ZW: So long ago.RB: Yes, and he solved a very serious problem for biology.ZW: What was that?RB: Before him nobody could tell if a plant was new, as there was no way of checking. There’re so many plants, you see!ZW: Yes, I appreciate that! So his system is still used?RB: Ind eed it is. If my flower isn’t in this book, I’ll know that I’vefound a newkind of lily.ZW: That’s great! Can I come and help you? This research sounds fun. RB: Yes, and if I’m lucky…(fading out)Unit 2 page15CAN A ROYAL PALACE ALSO BE A PRISON?Zhang Pingyu (ZP) is trying to find out more about the history of the Tower of London from a guide (G).Part 1G:The Tower was the home of the King but also a prison. Many important people were kept there.ZP:I beg your pardon? Can you speak more slowly, please?G:Of course. Have you heard of “The Princes in the Tower”?ZP:No, I’m afraid not.G:These two princes were brothers, called Edward and Richard and they lived six hundred years ago. They came to London, for the older boy to become Edward Ⅴ, after his father, King Edward Ⅳ, died.ZP:I see. How old was he?G:He was only thirteen years old. His cruel uncle, also called Richard, was supposed to look after them both, but instead he had them killed while they were asleep.ZP:What do you mean? He killed them himself?G:No. He sent his men to kill them because he wanted to become King Richard Ⅲ. There is a story that on a dark night you can sometimes hear those princes crying.ZP:You can hear them crying? Really? I thought you said they were killed many years ago.G:Yes, but it’s only a story!Part 2ZP:Who else came to the Tower as a prisoner?G:A future queen. In the 1550s Queen Mary sent her sister, Princess Elizabeth, to the Tower as a prisoner.ZP:Strange! Why did she do that?G:She thought Elizabeth was a traitor. So she sent Elizabeth through a special gate called “Traitors’ Gate”. That only happen-ed to very bad people.ZP:I’m sorry I don’t understand. How did Elizabeth become Queen if she was a prisoner?G:Easy. Her brother and sister both died without children so Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ. She tried not to be unfair to others when she was queen.ZP:I’m glad to hear that.Workbook unit 2 page 52WAS KING JAMES FAIR?A Catholic supporter is interviewing King James to find out why he changed his mind about letting the Catholics practise their religion as they wished. Part 1CS: Good morning sir. Thank you for coming to talk to me about the attack that was planned for November 6th. It was so lucky you escaped.KJ: Yes. I was very upset of course. I couldn’t believe that anyone would want to kill me. What did I ever do to Guy Fawkes and his friends?CS: But, sir, you are the person who caused this problem by changing your mind. First of all you let the Catholics practice their religion safely. Then you said it was no longer allowed. You must have known they would get upset. KJ: Please try to understand my difficulty. I thought there were only a few Catholics in the country.CS: Why did you think so?KJ: Well, because only a few people were put in prison every year for not going to the Protestant church.CS: I see. So you thought those people were the only Catholics?KJ: Yes.Part 2KJ: When I relaxed the law there seemed to be so many Catholics that I felt I’d done the wrong thing. I got frightened. I worried they might wantEngland to be a Catholic country.CS: Does that matter?KJ: Oh yes. All our friends are Protestant countries and all our enemies were Catholic ones.CS: Mm! Did you ask Fawkes and Catesby if that was what they wanted? KJ: No.CS: So the attack was planned. Actually you brought about what you wanted to avoid. What did you learn from it?KJ: I should have talked to the Catholics. If I’d done that there wouldn’t have been an attack because they would have been able to explain their point of view peacefully.CS: Thank you, sir. Goodbye.KJ: Goodbye.Unit 3 page23CAN PEOPLE REALLY LIVE ON MARSLI Qiang(LQ) is interviewing Walker Hiller(WH) on the space station about his idea for building a new town called “Wonderworld” on Mars.LQ: Well, Mr Hiller Why did you think of building a new town on Mars? WH: It sounds astonishing, doesn’t it? I imagine that it’ll be difficult and the atmosphere, gravity, and climate will have to be just like the earth ornobody will travel there.LQ: Can you i magine how that’ll be achieved?WH: Yes, I think so. The atmosphere’s too hot and has no oxygen. So people couldn’t breathe Mars’ air and live. We’ll make a covered area for people to live in with a special air supply.LQ: Is it likely you can find and use water to keep the climate similar to that on the earth?WH: Perhaps. We hope there’s water under the planet’s surface. People will have to collect all the used water so it can be cleaned and recycled as rain. Then it can be used again to water plants and crops and provide clean drinking water.LQ: Yes. I suppose everyone will have to put their dirty water in special tanks. Even animals will have to be trained to go to the toilet in special places. WH: Yes, I suppose so.LQ: So is it likely that bacteria will clean the water?WH: Well, that’s a possibility.LQ: I wonder if the houses can be made strong enough against the gravity on Mars?WH: Yes, they can. The robots will provide special building material.LQ: Still life sounds quite uncomfortable. So what’s the advantage of going to live on Mars?WH: There will be opportunities for scien-tific work and to look for gold or other metals. So people may become rich or famous.LQ: How healthy will the people be, I wonder?Workbook unit3 page 55THE DANGERS OF UNDERSEA LIVINGLi Qiang (LQ) is interviewing the designer of Saturation City, William Lee (WL), about how he saved Saturation City from disaster.Part 1LQ: What happened?WL: Well, about three months ago I was doing my monthly check on the gates when I noticed something strange.LQ: What did you notice?WL: It was too quiet. When I stepped off the shuttle-submarine the air machines should have been making a loud noise but they weren’t.LQ: So was that your first feeling that something was wrong?WL: Yes. Th en I found that the solid steel gates to the city wouldn’t open. At first I wasn’t too worried as there is a backup system in case things go wrong. When that didn’t work either, I realized we had two serious problems.Part 2LQ: Did you tell the families in Saturation City?WL: No. I examined the air machine to see if I could repair it and almostimmediately I found the cause of the problem.LQ: What was it?WL: A screen broke during anundersea storm and stopped themachine. Luckily I had anotherscreen in my toolbox. Oncefixed, the air machine was asgood as new.LQ: Did it solve the problem?WL: Yes, it did. As soon as I repaired the air machine, the gates began to open. Then I went inside to check on the families. They were fine. They hadn’t noticed anything wrong.LQ: And now you’ve been made a hero?WL: Yes. But I don’t feel like one. It’s my job to make them feel safer. LQ: What a modest answer! I think they appreciated your devotion to duty. Thank you and goodbye, Mr Lee, medal holder of the Red Star, First Class!Unit 4 page31CAN I HELP YOU?Zhou Yang (ZY) is hoping to interview Liu Ming, a famous tennis player, about his decision to work abroad. So he calls Liu Ming’s assistant, LilyWong (LM), to make an appointment.Part 1(Telephone ringing)LW: Hello. This is Lily Wong, Liu Ming’s assistant. Can I help you?ZY: Hello. I’d like to speak to Liu Ming please.LM: I’m sorry but he’s busy now. Who’s speaking?ZY: This is Zhou Yang from China Daily. I’d like to interview Liu Ming about his decision to play professional tennis abroad.LW: It’ll be difficult. You know that he’s leaving Beijing at the end of this week.ZY: Well, I’m free tomorrow afternoon and all of Wednesday.LW: OK. Now, let me see...Liu Ming’s going to see his family tomorrow and then talk to some students on Wednesday morning. Then at four o’clock he’ll go to a special party given by the leaders of our city. What about meeting his in the early afternoon?ZY: How about over lunch? Our readers will be very interested in his views. LW: Hmm... I know that he’s very happy about going abroad and hopes to return to China in a few years. Then he wants to improve Chinese tennis. Part 2ZY: Many of his fans will be sorry not to see him play in person. Watching him on TV is not quite the same.LW: Yes, I understand, but he needs to develop his skills. On TV you canstill enjoy his play.ZY: What if he never comes home? We’ll have lost a great sportsman. LW: I don’t think that he’ll stay abroad. He sa ys that he has no intention of doing that.ZY: I’m glad to hear that. But what if he gets a wonderful offer to stay? LW: I think you’ll have to discuss that with him yourself.ZY: So will 12 o’clock be OK? Where would be the best place to meet? LW: Why not meet at the Garden Hotel at 12 o’clock. I’ll put it in his diary for Wednesday so he’s sure to come.ZY: Thank you so much. Goodbye.LW: Goodbye.Workbook unit4 page 62THE IMPORTANCE OF EYEWITNESSESZhou Yang (ZY) and his photographer Fred Smith (FS) are talking about a story that they are going to cover.Part 1FS: Have you heard? We’re going to Moscow to cover the international football match tomorrow. I’m getting my camera ready. Isn’tit exciting?ZY: Yes, and it’s the Chinese national team against the Russians.FS: I think that China will win, don’t you? The team did well against Mexico last month.ZY: Did you go to that match?FS: No, but I went to the one when Britain played Turkey in Beijing.That was a good match, but something unpleasant happened.ZY: What happened?FS: Well, our British fans were not happy that their team lost.They became more upset when the Turkish fans began calling them rude names. I wondered what would happen and started taking photos.ZY: What did happen?FS: The Turkish fans started throwing bottles I kept taking my photos as evidence.Part 2ZY: Did the police come?FS: Yes, but by the time they came it was serious. They were fighting each other. It was terrible.ZY: How did it end?FS: Well, police took them to the police station. They accused the British fans of starting the fight because they had lost the match. And the British fans have a bad reputation for fighting. But I was able to put them right. Not only was I an eyewitness but I had my photographs as evidence too.ZY: Gosh! So it was lucky you were there.FS: Yes, and that I had my camera with me. Without it I wouldn’t have been able to show the police they were wrong. So you see why it’s soimportant to be on the spot when something happens.ZY: Yes. You’re able to get the right end of the stick. Did you givea statement to the police?FS: Yes, I did. I helped set many British fans free.Unit5 page 39A FIRST AID QUIZThe first aid teacher(T) is testing her students knowledge of first aid. Listen to her question and her students’ answers.T=teacher S=Sarah P=PeterR=Rachel J=Jim G=GaryPart 1T: We’ve looked at several first aid treatments. Now let’t see just what you can remember. OK. Let’s say Lucy has a nosebleed. What should she do...Sarah?S: Sit down and bend forward slightly. Squeeze her nose just below the bridge until the bleeding stops.T: Why should she lean forward?P: So she gets the blood all over the floor instead of on her clothes. (everyone laughs)T: Very funny, Peter. Rachel?R: So the blood runs out of her nose and not down her throat. If youswallow blood you might be sick.(everyone groans)T: That’s right.Part 2T:OK, next situation. What should you do if someone’s clothes are on fire? Jim?J: Stop him from running around, as that makes clothes burn faster. Tell him to drop to the floor and cover him up tightly with some thick cloth.T: And then what?J: Roll on the ground until the fire goes out. Then treat him for burns.T: Good.Part 3T: OK, what about this one? What if your friend got a piece of food caught in his throat and he’s choking? Gary?G: Nothing. But if he can’t cough, I’d bend him forwards and give him four quick hard slaps between his shoulder blades with my hand.T: Yes, that should do the trick.Part 4T: Now Peter, what if Ben badly sprained his ankle playing football?P: I’d get him to sit down and put some ice on his ankle to reduce the swelling. Then I’d tell him to put his foot up on a chair. Then I’d bandage up his ankle tightly.T: Great. Now let’s tal k about snake bites. What if a snake bites you?P: Bite it back!(everyone laughs)T: Thank you, Peter.(said with amused tolerance) Now the first thing remember is...(fading out)Workbook unit5 page 69RESCUE BREATHINGA first aid teacher is reviving a lesson on rescue breathing.T = teacher L = LucyP = Peter E = EileenPart 1T: Now class, what must we do before rescue breathing?L: We must check if the person is unconscious.T: How do we do that?L: We shake them. If there’s no mo vement we know he or she is unconscious.T: Yes, that’s right, Lucy. Anything else?P: We can also ask simple questions like “What’s your name?” or “Open your eyes please!”T: Exactly right, Peter. If the person doesn’t move or answer then they’re unconscious. Now how do we put the person in a recovery position?E: I know this. First, you put one arm straight out on the ground and bend the other arm across the chest. Second, you roll the person over onto their side. Third, bend the near leg up.T: Excellent, Eileen. What do you do to the head.E: You tilt the head backwards and turnthe face downwards a bit.T: Why?E: To let any liquid run out of the mouth and allow the tongue to fall forward.T: Good, Eileen.T: Now what’s next, Peter?P: We must clear the airway from the mouth to the lungs. We can use our fingers inside the mouth.T: Why?P: So we can check for breathing by seeing if the chest is rising and falling. Part 2T: And …P: And we put our cheek close to the face to feel if there’s any air co ming from the nose or mouth.T: Well done, Peter. But what if the person isn’t breathing?L: You must start rescue breathing.T: That’s right, Lucy. What should we do?L: Roll the person onto their back. Tilt the head back. Squeeze the nose to stop air coming out. Place your mouth over the person’s mouth. Blow into the mouth for up to two seconds. Watch the chest rise and fall. Take another breath and blow into her mouth again.T: How long should you do this?L: About 15 breaths a minute. After about a minute check the pulse and breathing again. Continue this process until the person breathes or medical help arrives.T: What should you do if breathing begins?L: Put the person in the recovery position. If there’s no breathing then continue breathing for them.T: Well done, all of you. You remember very well.。
人教版高中英语必修5各单元课文原文
Un it 1 Great scie ntistsJOHH SHOW DEFEATS' KING CHOLER”Joh n Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, in deed, that he atte nded Quee n Victoria as her pers onal physicia n. But he became in spired when he thought about help ing ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. Joh n Snow wan ted to face the challe nge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would n ever be con trolled un til its cause was found.He became in terested in two theories that possibly expla ined how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease in to their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected pers on died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidenee. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor n eighbourhoods, he bega n to gather in formati on. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more tha n 500 people died in ten days. He was determ ined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also no ticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had bee n give n free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.Next, Joh n Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the ast oni shed people in Broad Street to remove the han dle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed dow n. He had show n that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidenee from two other deaths that were lin ked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woma n, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evide nee Joh n Snow was able to announce with certa inty that polluted water carried the virus.To preve nt this from happe ning aga in, Joh n Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be exam in ed. The water compa nies were in structed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Fin ally "King Cholera" was defeated.COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONRRY THEORYNicolaus Coper ni cus was frighte ned and his mi nd was con fused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the moveme nts of the other pla nets in the sky make sen se. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christia n Church would have puni shed him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reas on the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astro no mers had no ticed that some pla nets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and the n go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Coper ni cus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical kno wledge to explai n them. But only his new theory could do that. So betwee n 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his frie nds. The cha nges he made to the old theory were revoluti on ary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this expla ined cha nges in the moveme nt of the pla nets and in the bright ness of the stars. His frie nds were en thusiastic and en couraged him to publish his ideas, but Coper ni cus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certa in ly he was right to be careful. The Christia n Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Coper ni cus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the uni verse are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the uni verse. Coper ni cus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newt on, Albert Ein ste in and Stephe n Hawki ng.Unit 2 The United KingdomPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four coun tries: En gla nd, Wales, Scotia nd and Northern Irela nd. You can clarify this questi on if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now whe n people refer to En gla nd you find Wales in cluded as well. Next En gla nd and Wales were joined to Scotla nd in the seve ntee nth cen tury and the n ame was cha nged to "Great Brita in". Happily this was accomplished without con flict whe n Ki ng Jamesof Scotla nd became King of En gla nd and Wales as well. Fin ally the En glish gover nment tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with En gla nd, Wales and Scotla nd to become the Un ited Kin gdom and this was show n to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four coun tries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educati onal and legal systems as well as differe nt football teams for competiti ons like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of En gla nd, the middle zone is called the Midla nds and the one n earest to Scotla nd is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the in dustrial cities in the Midla nds and the North of En gla nd. Although, n ati on wide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have wofamous football teams and some of them eve n have two! It is a pity that the in dustrial cities built in the nin etee nth cen tury do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller tow ns built by the Roma ns. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collect ions, theatres, parks and buildi ngs. It is the centre of n ati onal gover nment and its admi nistrati on .It has the oldest port built by the Roma ns in the first cen tury AD, the oldest build ing beg un by the An glo-Sax ons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of En gla nd. The first inv aders, the Roma ns, left their tow ns and roads. The sec ond, the An glo-Sax on s, left their Ian guage and their gover nment. The third, the Vikin gs, in flue need the vocabulary and placenames of the North of En gla nd, and the fourth, the Norma ns, left castles and in troduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kin gdom enjo yable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wan ted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had rema ined sta nding for one thousa nd years.Although the buildi ngs had expa nded around it, it rema ined part of a royal palace and pris on comb in ed. To her great surprise, Zhang Pin gyu found the Quee n's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pin gyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buck in gham Palace, the Quee n's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her frien ds!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What in terested her most was the Ion gitude lin e. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed stra nge that the man who had developed com munism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous read ing room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another build ing and the old read ing room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many won derful treasures from differe nt cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying look ing at the beautiful old Chin ese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her coun try.The n ext day Pin gyu was leav ing London for Win dsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Quee n?" she won dered as she fell asleep.Un it 3 Life in the futureFIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemall: liqia ng299A@GreatAdve ntureSpaceStati on .com 15/11/3008 (Earthtime) Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “ Timdag ” This is similar to the “jet lag you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my frie nd and guide, Wang Ping, was very un dersta nding and gave me some gree n tablets which helped a lot. Well-k nown for their expertise, his pare nts' compa ny, called "Future Tours", tran sported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small ope ning. The seats were comfortable and after a cal ming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule bega n swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the jour ney was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousa nd years in the future. What would I find?At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its comb in ati on of gases had little oxyge n left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the n ecessary adjustme nt to this new situati on, Wang Pi ng appeared. "Put on this mask," he advised. "It'll make you feel much better." He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and follow ing him to collect a hoveri ng carriage drive n by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or press ing dow n in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping faste ned my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Pi ng whe n we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flyi ng by in all direct ions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a "time lag" flashback and saw the area aga in as it had bee n in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had bee n tran sported into the future of what was still my hometow n! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping aga in and flew after him.Arriv ing at a stra ng&look ing house, he showed me into a large, bright clea n room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved -it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. "Why not sit down and eat a little?" he said. "You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you'll be ready for some visits." Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More n ews later from your loving son,Li QiangMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modem in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth's gravity .In side was an exhibiti on of the most upo-date inven ti ons of the 31 st cen tury. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morni ng to all our visitors from 2008. First we're going to exam ine one of the latest forms of com muni cati on among our space citize ns. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messagescan now be sent using a "thoughtpad". You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending butt on, think your messagea nd the n ext in sta nt it's sen t. It's stored on the "thoughtpad" of the receiver. It's quick, efficie nt and environmen tally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an un clear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the expla nati on I looked at the pair of small objects called "thoughtpads" on a table. They just looked like metal ribb ons. So ordi nary but so powerful! While I was observ ing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the "environment area". People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I fight? (We no dded.) Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as "fertilizer" for the fields and "soil" for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everythi ng, eve n plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, is n't' it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But aga in we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the cha nges that have happe ned to work practices. Manu facturi ng no Ion ger takes place on the earth but on space stati ons like this one. A group of engin eers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furn iture, hoveri ng carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their represe ntatives to live and work in space settleme nts. They have to mon itor the robots and the producti on. When the goods are ready they're tran sported by in dustrial spaceship back to earth.My mind bega n to wan der. What job would I do? My motivati on in creased as I thought of the won derful world of the future.Un it 4 Making the n ewsMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT"Un forgettable", says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assig nment at the office of a popular En glish n ewspaper. His discussi on with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to stro ngly in flue nee his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assista nt jour nalist. Do you have any questi ons?ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?HX: (laughi ng) That' s admirable, but r m afraid it would be unu sual ! Wait till you' re more experie need. First we'll put you as an assista nt to an experie need journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Won derful. What do I n eed to take with me? I already have a no tebook andcamera.HX: No n eed for a camera. You'll have a professi onal photographer with you to take photographs. You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concen trate on photography later if you' re in terested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I in terested in photography, but I took an amateurcourse at uni versity to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I n eed to remember whe n I go out to cover a story?HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the in formatio n you n eed to know. We say a good journalist must have a good "no se" for a story. That means you must be able to assess whe n people are not telling the whole troth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here comes my list of dos and don 'ts: don't miss your deadli ne, don't berode, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is liste ning so importa nt?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the n ext questi on depe nding on what the pers on says.ZY: But how can I liste n carefully while tak ing no tes?HX: This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It's also useful if a pers on wants to challe nge you. You have the evide nee to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where some one accused your journ alists ofgetti ng the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of tak ing money for deliberately not scori ng goals so as to let the other team wi n. We went to in terview him. He denied tak ing money but we were sceptical. So we arran ged an in terview betwee n the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body Ian guage that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemmabecause the footballer could have dema nded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publish ing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real "scoop". I'm look ing forward to my first assig nmentnow. Perhaps ril get a scoop too!HX: Perhaps you will. You n ever know.GETTING THE "SCOOP""Quick," said the editor. "Get that story ready. We n eed it in this editi on to be ahead of the other n ewspapers. This is a scoop." Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an in terview with a famous film star. "Did he really do that?" asked some one from the Intern ati onal News Departme nt. "Yes, I' m afraid he did," Zhou Yang an swered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had bee n lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Con cise too! He knew how to do that. Mon ths of trai ning had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and bega n to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidenee, read the article and passed it on to the coeditor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading. ? °This will look very good on the page,? ±she said. "Where is a good picture of this man?" The n as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the n ewspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yan g's story. "You are really able to write a good front page article," she said. Zhou Yang smiled with happ in ess. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. "Well don e," he said to Zhou Yang. "But please show me your evide nee so we're sure we've got our facts straight.? ±? °I? - ll bring it to you immediately," said Zhou Yang excitedly.The n ews desk editor took the story and bega n to work on all the stories and photos un til all the pages were set. All the in formati on was the n ready to be processed into film n egatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They n eeded four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one n egative sheet and whe n they were comb ined they made a coloured page for the n ewspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be prin ted. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. "Wait 611 tonight," his friend whispered. "I expect there will be someth ing about this on the televisi on n ews. A real scoop!"Un it 5 First aidFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatme nt of bums.Causes of bur nsYou can get bur ned by a variety of thin gs: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiati on(by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of bur nsThere are three types of bur ns. Bur ns are called first, sec ond or third degree bur ns, depe nding on which layers of the skin are bur ned.First degree bur ns These affect on ly the top layer of the skin. These bur nsare not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sun bur n and bur ns caused by touch ing a hot pan, stove or iron for a morde nt.Second degree bur ns These affect both the top and the sec ond layer of the sk in.These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples in clude severe sun bur n and bums caused by hot liquids.Third degree bur ns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and orga ns un der the skin. Examples in clude bur ns caused by electric shocks, bur ning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These bur ns cause very severe in juries and the victim must go to hospital at on ce.Characteristics of bur nsFirst degree bur nsdry, red and mildly swolle n mildly painfultur n white whe n pressed Second degree burnsrough, red and swolle nblisterswatery surface extremely painfulThird degree bur nsblack and white and charredswolle n; ofte n tissue un der them can be see nlittle or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain aroundedge of injured area.First aid treatme nt1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothingand jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gentlyrunning water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. Forsecond degree burns, keep cloths cool byputting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the painis not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARDSeve nteenyear-old tee nager, Joh n Janson, was hono ured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shock ing knife attack.Joh n was prese nted with his award at a cerem ony which recog ni zed the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of ano ther.Joh n was study ing in his room whe n he heard scream ing. Whe n he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had bee n stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garde n bleed ing very heavily. Her hands had almost bee n cut off.It was Joh n's quick action and kno wledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life. He immediately asked a nu mber of n earby people for ban dages, but whe n n obody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. Joh n used these to treat the most severe in juries to Ms Slade's han ds. He slowed the bleed ing by appl ying pressure to the wounds un til the police and ambula nee arrived."I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what rd bee n taught," Joh n said.Joh n had take n part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When con gratulat ing Joh n, Mr Ala n Southert on, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is no doubt that Joh n's quick thi nking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real differe nee."Before recei ving their awards last ni ght, Joh n and the nine other Life Savers atte nded a special receptio n yesterday hosted by the Prime Mini ster.。
人教版高中英语 必修5 各单元课文原文
Unit 1 Great scientistsJOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA〞John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomachthe disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun theredid the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth wasthe centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to theold theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. Healso suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it ashe lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changedto "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King Jamesof Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very differentinstitutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitionslike the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have togo to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national governmentand its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth,the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was builtlong ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand the buildings had expandedaround it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of Londonin 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous soundof the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standingon either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, shefelt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 Life in the futureFIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemall: liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceStation 15/11/3008 (Earthtime) Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “Time lag〞. This is similar to the “jet lag〞you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future Tours", transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortableand after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of freshair, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. "Put on this mask," he advised. "It'll make you feel much better." He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was sweptup into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a "time lag" flashback and sawthe area again as it had been in the year AD 2021. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room withmuch-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. "Why not sit down and eat a little?" he said. "You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip.Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you'llbe ready for some visits." Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangI HA VE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modem in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pullof the earth's gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventionsof the 31 st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2021. First we're going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a "thoughtpad". You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent. It's stored on the "thoughtpad" of the receiver. It's quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly,an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called "thoughtpads" on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the "environment area". People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I fight? (We nodded.) Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, suchas "fertilizer" for the fields and "soil" for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn't' it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one.A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste,no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they're transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 Making the newsMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT"Unforgettable", says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?HX: (laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual ! Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You'll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you' re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good "nose" for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole troth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here comes my list of dos and don'ts: don't miss your deadline, don't be rode, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so important?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?HX: This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It's also useful if a person wants to challenge you. Youhave the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the otherteam win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemmabecause the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real "scoop". I'm looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I'll get a scoop too!HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.GETTING THE "SCOOP""Quick," said the editor. "Get that story ready. We need it in this editionto be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop." Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. "Did he really do that?" asked someone from the International News Department. "Yes, I' m afraid he did," Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Althoughhe realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading. ¡°This will look very good on the page,¡± she said. "Where is a good picture of this man?" Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang's story. "You are really able to write a good front page article," she said. Zhou Yang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. "Well done," he said to Zhou Yang. "But please show me your evidence so we're sure we've got our facts straight.¡± ¡°I¡¯ll bring it to you immediately," said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. "Wait 611 tonight," his friend whispered. "I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop!"Unit 5 First aidFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun'sharmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first stepin the treatment of bums.Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.●First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burnsare not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples includemild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for amordent.●Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of theskin.These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severesunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.●Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissueand organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks,burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuriesand the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burns●dry, red and mildly swollen●mildly painful●turn white when pressedSecond degree burns●rough, red and swollen●blisters●watery surface●extremely painfulThird degree burns●black and white and charred●swollen; often tissue under them can be seen●little or no pain if nerves are damaged; maybe pain around edge of injured area.First aid treatment1Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the painis not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get the victimto the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARDSeventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived."I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught," John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference."Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
人教版高中英语 必修5 各单元课文原文
Unit 1 Great scientistsJOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its causewas found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomachthe disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the sourceof all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion:that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun theredid the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth wasthe centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to findan answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to theold theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. Healso suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it ashe lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changedto "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King Jamesof Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very differentinstitutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitionslike the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of theindustrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide,these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have togo to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national governmentand its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth,the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was builtlong ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand the buildings had expandedaround it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of Londonin 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous soundof the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standingon either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, shefelt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 Life in the futureFIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemall 15/11/3008 (Earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “Time lag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future Tours", transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I findAt first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of freshair, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. "Put on this mask," he advised. "It'll make you feel much better." He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was sweptup into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a "time lag" flashback and sawthe area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room withmuch-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. "Why not sit down and eat a little" he said. "You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip.Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you'llbe ready for some visits." Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangI HA VE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modem in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pullof the earth's gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventionsof the 31 st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we're going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a "thoughtpad". You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent. It's stored on the "thoughtpad" of the receiver. It's quick, efficient and environmentallyfriendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly,an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can weDuring the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called "thoughtpads" on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the "environment area". People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I fight (We nodded.) Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of usingthe principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, suchas "fertilizer" for the fields and "soil" for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn't' itI stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one.A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste,no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they're transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 Making the newsMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT"Unforgettable", says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questionsZY: Can I go out on a story immediatelyHX: (laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual ! Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You'll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you' re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a storyHX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good "nose" for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole troth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mindHX: Here comes my list of dos and don'ts: don't miss your deadline, don't be rode, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so importantHX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notesHX: This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorderto get the facts straight. It's also useful if a person wants to challenge you. Youhave the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stickHX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the otherteam win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemmabecause the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real "scoop". I'm looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I'll get a scoop too!HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.GETTING THE "SCOOP""Quick," said the editor. "Get that story ready. We need it in this editionto be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop." Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. "Did he really do that"asked someone from the International News Department. "Yes, I' m afraid he did," Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Althoughhe realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading. ?°This will look very good on the page,?± she said. "Where is a good picture of this man" Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang's story. "You are really able to write a good front page article," she said. Zhou Yang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. "Well done," he said to Zhou Yang. "But please show me your evidence so we're sure we've got our facts straight.?± ?°I?ˉll bring it to you immediately," said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. "Wait 611 tonight," his friend whispered. "I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop!"Unit 5 First aidFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun'sharmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first stepin the treatment of bums.Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burnsare not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a mordent.Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severesunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and thevictim must go to hospital at once.Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burnsdry, red and mildly swollenmildly painfulturn white when pressedSecond degree burnsrough, red and swollenblisterswatery surfaceextremely painfulThird degree burnsblack and white and charredswollen; often tissue under them can be seenlittle or no pain if nerves are damaged; maybe pain around edge of injured area.First aid treatment1Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burnsunder gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the painis not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get the victimto the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARDSeventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived."I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught," John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference."Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
人教版高中英语 必修5 各单元课文原文资料
人教版高中英语必修5各单元课文原文Unit 1 Great scientistsJOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its causewas found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholerakilled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomachthe disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. Asthe disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the sourceof all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion:that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun theredid the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in thesky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth wasthe centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to findan answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete. In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to theold theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. Healso suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it ashe lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King Jamesof Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very differentinstitutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitionslike the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have togo to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national governmentand its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the UnitedKingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sitesshe wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of Londonin 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous soundof the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standingon either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, shefelt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I willsee the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 Life in the futureFIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemall: liqiang299A@ 15/11/3008 (Earthtime) Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “Time lag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future Tours", transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all tothe capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin,as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of freshair, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. "Put on this mask," he advised. "It'll make you feel much better." He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a "time lag" flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved- it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room withmuch-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. "Why not sit down and eat a little?" he said. "You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip.Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you'llbe ready for some visits." Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangI HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modem in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pullof the earth's gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventionsof the 31 st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we're going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a "thoughtpad". You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent. It's stored on the "thoughtpad" of the receiver. It's quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called "thoughtpads" on a table. They just looked like metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the "environment area". People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I fight? (We nodded.) Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, suchas "fertilizer" for the fields and "soil" for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. A great idea, isn't' it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency.But again we moved on.G: Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one.A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste,no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready they're transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 Making the newsMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT"Unforgettable", says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?HX: (laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual ! Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You'll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you' re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good "nose" for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole troth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here comes my list of dos and don'ts: don't miss your deadline, don't be rode, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so important?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?HX: This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorderto get the facts straight. It's also useful if a person wants to challenge you. Youhave the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the otherteam win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemmabecause the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real "scoop". I'm looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I'll get a scoop too!HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.GETTING THE "SCOOP""Quick," said the editor. "Get that story ready. We need it in this editionto be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop." Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. "Did he really do that?" asked someone from the International News Department. "Yes, I' m afraid he did," Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Althoughhe realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department.He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading. ¡°This will look very good on the page,¡± she said. "Where is a good picture of this man?" Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang's story. "You are really able to write a good front page article," she said. Zhou Yang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. "Well done," he said to Zhou Yang. "But please show me your evidence so we're sure we've got our facts straight.¡± ¡°I¡¯ll bring it to you immediately," said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. "Wait 611 tonight," his friend whispered. "I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop!"Unit 5 First aidFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You havethree layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first stepin the treatment of bums.Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degreeburns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.●First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burnsare not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples includemild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for amordent.●Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severesunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.●Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue andorgans under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks,burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuriesand the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burns●dry, red and mildly swollen●mildly painful●turn white when pressedSecond degree burns●rough, red and swollen●blisters●watery surface●extremely painfulThird degree burns●black and white and charred●swollen; often tissue under them can beseen●little or no pain if nerves are damaged; maybe pain around edge of injured area.First aid treatment1Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the painis not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get the victimto the doctor or hospital at once.HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARDSeventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived."I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught," John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference."Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
高中英语必修五课文及其翻译
必修 5Unit 1 Great scientistsReadingJOHH SHOW DEFEATS“ KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This wasthe deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods,he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especiallynumbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunkthe water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the BroadStreet outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much thatshe had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. Withthis extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.Using LanguageCOPERNICUS’ REVOLUTION RRY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that thereis a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomReadingPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrialcities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to olderbut smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep youreyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.Using LanguageSIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when firstbuilt! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers,such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 Life in the futureReadingFIRST IMPRESSIONS15/11/3008 (Earthtime)Spacemall: liqiang299A@Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that Iam really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I sufferedfrom“ Time lag” . This is similar to the“ jet lag” you get from flying,eep butgettingitseemsflashbacksyou from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future Tours", transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. "Put on this mask," he advised. "It'll make you feel much better." He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. Thesecarriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight ofWang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a "time lag" flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future of what wasstill my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall moved - it was made of trees! I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. "Why not sit down and eat a little?" he said. "You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow you'll be ready for some visits." Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son,Li QiangUsing LanguageI HA VE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modem in space. Described as an enormous round plate,it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth's gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31 st century. A guide (G) showed us around along a moveable path.G:Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we're going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No morepostage or postcodes! Messages can now be sent using a "thoughtpad". You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent. It's stored on the "thoughtpad" of the receiver. It's quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation isif the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannotblame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called "thoughtpads" on a table. They just lookedlike metal ribbons. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G:And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the "environment area". People used to collect waste in dustbins.Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I fight? (We nodded.) Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as "fertilizer" for the fields and "soil" for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, isrecycled. A great idea, isn't' it?I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.G:Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements. They have to monitor the robots and the production.When the goods are ready they're transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful worldof the future.Unit 4 Making the newsReadingMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT"Unforgettable", says new journalistNever will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist.Do you have any questions?ZY: HX:Can I go out on a story immediately?(laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual ! Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: HX:ZY:HX: ZY: HX:ZY: HX:ZY: HX:ZY: HX:ZY: HX:Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.No need for a camera. You'll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you' re interested.Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.Good.What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good "nose" for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole troth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.What should I keep in mind?Here comes my list of dos and don'ts: don't miss your deadline, don't be rode, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.Why is listening so important?Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It's also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied takingZY: HX:money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.Wow! That was a real "scoop". I'm looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I'll get a scooptoo!Perhaps you will. You never know.Using LanguageGETTING THE "SCOOP""Quick," said the editor. "Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers.This is a scoop." Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star. "Did hereally do that?" asked someone from the International News Department. "Yes, I' m afraid he did," Zhou Yanganswered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying,Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to dothat. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computerand began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read thearticle and passed it on to the copy-editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smallerheading.“ This will look very good on the page,” she said. "Where is a good picture of this man?" Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by thenewspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yang's story. "You are really able to write agood front page article," she said. Zhou Yang smiled with happiness. Last of all, the chief editor read it andapproved it. "Well done," he said to Zhou Yang. "But please show me your evidence so we're sure we've got ourfacts straight.”“ I’ ll bring it to you immediately," said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set.All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process.They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours hadone negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspaper. After one lastcheck the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. "Wait 611tonight," his friend whispered. "I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop!"Unit 5 First aidReadingFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and itgives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of bums.Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending onwhich layers of the skin are burned.◎ First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a mordent.◎ Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.◎ Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burnscause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burns◎dry, red and mildly swollen◎mildly painful◎turn white when pressedSecond degree burns◎rough, red and swollen◎blisters◎watery surface◎extremely painfulThird degree burns◎black and white and charred◎swollen; often tissue under them can be seen◎little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injuredarea.First aid treatment1Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4Dry the burned area gently. Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If bums are on the face, thevictim should sit up.7If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.Using LanguageHEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AW ARDSeventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertownfor giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had savedthe life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ranfrom the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife.She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived."I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught," John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, "There is no doubt that John's quick thinking andthe first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make areal difference."Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
人教版英语必修五课文电子版
Unit 1 GREAT SCIENTISTSJOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended QueenVictoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked thebody and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. Intwo particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people diedin ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people have lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 163738 and 40). He also noticed thatsome houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame,Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera wasspread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from BroadStreet, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried thevirus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to。
必修五课文原文及翻译
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------必修五课文原文及翻译UNIT 1 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS KING CHOLERA John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert， indeed， that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.This was the deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So when another outbreak hit London in 1854，he was ready to begin his enquiry.As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods，he began to gather information.In two1 / 26particular streets，the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street(especially numbers 16,37,38 and 40)． He also noticed that some houses(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.He had not foreseen this， so he made further investigations.He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.It seemed that the water was to blame. Next， John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London， he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.A woman， who had moved away from Broad Street， liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ every day.Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally King Cholera was defeated. 约翰斯诺战胜霍乱王约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。
必修5-人教版高中英语课文原文和翻译
必修5Unit 1 Great scientistsReadingJOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”约翰·斯洛击败“霍乱王John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.约翰·斯洛是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。
但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。
霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。
约翰·斯洛想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。
他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.斯洛对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。
高中课文 高中英语必修5
Unit 1 Great scientistsReadingJOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a well-known doctor in London-so famous,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.This was the most deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause,nor its cure was understood.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem.He knew it would hever be controlled until its cause was found.He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person was dead.He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct.So when another outbreak hit London in 1854,John Snow was ready to test these two theories.As the disease spread quicklythrough the poor neighbourhoods,John Snow began to gather the information.He found that in two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.He determined to find out why.He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived.Here it is:The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street(especially numbers 16,37,38 and 40 Broad Street).John Snow also saw that some houses(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.He discovered that these families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They were given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.It seemed the water was to blame.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.He found that it came from the river,which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.Soon the disease began to slow down.John Snow had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In addition,he found two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Streetoutbreak.A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water so much that she had had it delivered from the pump to her house every day,Both she and her daughter,who often visited her,died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence,John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease.To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore,Finally“King Cholera”was defeated.Unit 1 Great scientistsReading and writingCOPERNICUS’REVOLUTIONARY THEORY Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.AIthough he had tried to ignore them,all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion:that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such anidea.They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop,move backward and then go forward in a loop.Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer.He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.But only his new theory could do that.So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it,gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends.The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas,but Copernicus was cautious.He did not want to be attacked by Christian Church,so he only published it as he laydying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful.The Christian Church rejected his theory,saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported if would be attacked.Yet Copernicu’s theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built.His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity,which said things fell to earth because Good created the earth as the centre of the universe.Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong.Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton,Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The United KingdomReadingPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYThere is no need to debate any more why different words are used to describe the four countries:England,Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland.You can easily clarify and problems if you study British history.First there was England.Wales was linked to England in the 13th century AD.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.Great Britain was the name given when England and Waleswere joined to Scotland.It happened in 1603 when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well,To their surprise,the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war.However,just as they were going to get Ireland connected to form the United Kingdom,the southern part of that country broke away to form its own government.So only Northern Ireland joined with England,Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.Although the four countries do work together in some areas (for example,in international relations)they are still very different.For example,Northern Ireland,England and Scotland have developed different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it is divided roughly into three ones.The zone nearest France is called the South of England,the middle zone is called the Midlands,and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North.You find most of the population settled in the South,but most of the large industrial cities in the Midlands and North of Englan.Aithough many of the cities are not as large as those in China,they have famous football teams and some even havetwo.However,these industrial cities built in the 19th century do not have the historical attractions of other places.For those you have to go to older but smaller towns first built by the Romans.There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums,art collections,theatres,parks and buildings.It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the lst century AD,the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.But London has been influenced only by some invaders of England.The first invaders,the Romans ,left their towns and roads.The second,the Anglo-Saxons,left their language and their government.The thid,the Vikings,influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North,and the fourh,the Normans,left castles and words for food.If you look around the British countryside,you will find evidence of all these invaders.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom worthwhile!Unit 2 The United KingdomReadingSIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available,Zhang Pingyu had made alist of the sites she wanted to see in London.Her first delight was going to the Tower,It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD1066 .Fancy!This solid stone,square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.Although the buildings had expanded around it,it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined.To her great surprise.Zhang Pingyu found the Queen’s jewels guarded rby special royal soldiers who,on special occasions,still wore the four hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.It looked splendid when first built!Westminster Abbey,too,was very interesting.It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers,such as Shakespeare.Then just as she came out of the abbey,Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock,Big Ben, ringing out the hour.She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham palace,the Queen’s house in London.Oh,she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time.What interested her most was the longitude line.It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western havles of the world and is very useful for navigation.It passes through Greenwich,so Pingyu had a phototaken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx’s statue in Highgate Cemetery.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London Not only that,but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum.Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone.But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum.When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show,she felt very proud of her country.The next day pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle.“Perhaps I will see the Queen?”she wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 Life in the futureReadingFIRST IMPRESSIONSSept 15 2005Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up my prize that was won last year.I have to constantly rub my eyes to remind myself that I have travelled to the year AD3005.Worried about thejourney,I was unsettled for the first few days,As a result,I suffered from“time lag”.This is similar to the“jet lag”you get when flying,but instead it means you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period.So I felt very nervous and uncertam at first.My friend and guide,Wang ping,was very understanding and gave me some green,tablets,which helped a lot.well-known for their expertise,his parents’company named“Future Tours”transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.The six of us were called to the capsule together and climbed in through the round opening.The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink which made us sleepy,our eyes closed.The capsule shook as we lay relaxed by our dreams.Sounds came from below our feet as we rose slowly from the ground,swinging gently.A few minutes later the journey was completed and we had arrived.I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future.What would I find?Confused by the new surroundings,I was hit by the lack of fresh air.My head ached.The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.Just then Wang Ping appeared and solved the problem,“put on this mask,”he advised.“It will make you feel much better.”He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for me torest.I felt better in no time.Soon I was back on my feet again and followed him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.These hovering carriages float above the ground and by bending and pressing down on the driving stick strongly one can move swiftly.It took me only a few minutes to master the idea and soon I could fly as fast as wang ping.I got lost when we reached what looked like a large market because of the people flying by in all directions.There were so many carriages that I lost sight of Wang Ping.He was swept up into the centre of them and my link with him was broken as I was carried up to the top of a high building nearby.Just at that moment I had a“time lag”flashback.I saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2005.I realized I had been transported into the future but was still in my own hometown.Just then I caught sight of Wang Ping and flew after him.Arriving home,he showed me into a large bright,clean room.It had a green wall,a brown floor and soft lighting.Then the wall moved-there were trees!I found later that their leaves provided the house with much-needed oxygen.Wang Ping’s mother appeared,flashed a switch on a computer screen,and a table and chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic.“Why not sit down and rest?”she said.“My name is Li Mengxi,Wang Ping’smother.You may find it difficult as this is your first time travel trip.Just relax as there is plenty of oxygen heer.Tomorrow you will be feady for some visits organized by the company.”Spreading some food on the table,she produced a bed from the floor.Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news soon from your loving son,Li QiangUnit 3 Life in the futureI HA VE SEEN AMAZING THINGSMy first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in this part of space.Described as an enormous round plate.it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity.Inside,it is divided into zones with extraordinarily different atmospheres and gravities.Here the alien creatures live while they work with human space scientists searching for new worlds.So you can imagine how exciting that is!The friendliest creatures are the mu-mu,a family from the Pleiades group of stars.They see in the dark so they live in an area without light of any kind.If you go here,you must wear red nightlinghts on your helmets so that you can see,but the mu-mu won’t be disturbed.They have assisted in the discovery of planets round the fourth star in the Pleiades system.Next yeat the WorldSpace Agency will send a spaceship to examine this star and its planets.The most interesting creatures are the ting dimpods from a galaxy near NGC6240.They skip around the pipes and between the wooden walls of the space station.They require the same atmosphere as humans and are great engineers.If you give them a drawing of a new spaceship,they can build it in twenty-four hours!Then it will be able to travel many light years away from the earth.They can also produce a liquid from their bodies,which melts metal.If you cover something with a little of that liquid it will go soft and,with a lot,it will change into a kind of rubber that sets very hard.It is wonderful for the outside of spaceships!Neither of these creatures is easy to talk to .You have to use a language-changer to help.The mu-mu only speak in whispers but the dimpods shout loudly in your ear.Both eat food that contains carbon.The mu-mu drink a strange mixture of carrot juice and cocoa,while the dimpods drink lemonade mixed with herbs.The mu-mu are tall and thin with black and white faces.They have six “arms”which they wave about when they talk.They move forward by slowly shaking from side to side on a shell-covered “leg.”The dimpods have so many arms and legs that you cannot tell which is which.They are small,just the size of a little cat.Theyare purple or blue and the colour changes depending on their mood.Unit 4 Making the newsReadignMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT“Unforgettable,”says new reporterNever will Zhou Yang(ZY)forget his first assignment at the office of China Daily.His discussion with his new boss,Hu Xin(HX),was to strongly influence his life as a reporter.HX：Welcome.We are so glad you are coming to work with us.Your first job at China Daily will be as a reporter.Doyou have any questions?ZY：Can I go out on a story immediately?HX：(laughing)Not on your own!Not till you are more experienced!The first time we’ll send you with anexperienced reporter.Only when you have seen what heor she does,can you cover a story by yourself.ZY：Wonderful!I’m so excited.What do I neet to take with me?I already have a notebook and pen.I also broughtmy camera with me.HX：No need for a camera!You’ll have a professionalphotographer with you to take photographs.You’ll findyour colleagues very eager to assist you and if you areinterested in photography,if may be possible for you toconcentrate on that later on.ZY：Thank you.Not only am I interested in photography,but I took a course at university,so it’s actually of special interest to me.HX：Good.ZY：What do I neet to remember when I go out to cover a story?HX：You need to be curious.Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you needto know.We say a good reporter must have a“nose”for story.That means he or she must be able to tell whenpeople are not telling the whole truth and try todiscover it.They must use research or ask other peopleto find out the missing parts of the story.ZY：I see.What mistakes must I avoid?HX：Here comes my list of“dos”and“don’s”:don’t be rude,don’t talk too much yourself,and make sure youlisten to the answers carefully.ZY：Why is listening so important?HX：well,you have to listen to the detailed facts.Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending onwhat the person says.ZY：But how can I listen to answers if I have to write down what he or she is saying?HX：This is a trick of the trade.If the person being interviewed agrees,we sometimes use small recordersto make sure that we get all our facts straight.It is alsouseful if a person wants to challenge us We have theevidence to support our story.ZY：I can see how important that is!Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX：Yes,but it was a long time ago,This is how the story goes.A footballer was accused of taking money fordeliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other teamwin.We went to interview him.He admitted that he knew the man who was supposed to have bribedhim,but denied that he had ever taken any money.Wearranged an interview between that man and thefootballer and when we saw them together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was nottelling the truth.An article was written which suggestedhe was guilty.He was yery angry and tried to stop uspublishing ter we were proved right.ZY：That was a real“scoop”.I’m looking forward to my first assignment as a reporter.Perhaps I too will get a scoop!HX：perhaps you will.You never know!Unit 4 Making the newsReadignGETTING THE“SCOOP”“Quick”,said the editor.“Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers.This is a scoop.”Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star.“Did he reall do that?”asked someone from the International News Department.“Yes,I’m afraid he did”.Zhou Yang answered.He set to work.His first task was to write his story,but he had to do it carefully.Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly.“Where is a good picture of this man?”Then as the article was going to be written ie English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.She was also very happy with ZhouYang’s story.“You are realyy able to write a good front page article,”she noted. Zhou Yang smiled with happi-ness,Last of all the chief editor read it and approved it.“Well done,”he said to Zhou Yang.“But please show me your evidence so we’re sure we’ve got our facts straight.”“I’ll bring it to you immediately,”said Zhou Yang.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until He would have to be accurate.Concise too!He knew how to do that.Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases.He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was an editor from his department.He checked the evidence,read the article and passed it on to the copy-enitor.She began to edit the main headline and smaller heading.“This will look very good on the page,”she said all the pages were set.All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives.This was the first stage of the printing process.They needed four negatives,as several colours were going to be used on the story.Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspaper.After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copiesto be ready.“Wait till tonight,”his friend whispered.“I expect there will be something about this on the television news.A real scoop!”Unit 5 First aidReadignFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and your body’s largest organ.You have three layers of skin that protect you against diseases,poisons and the sun’s harmful rays.Your skin also keeps you warm or cool;it prevents your body from losing water;it is where you feel cold,heat or pain;and it gives you your sense of touch.So,as you can imagine,if your skin gets burned,it can be very serious.First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.Causes of burnsYou can get burned by:hot liquide,steam,fire,radiation(by being close to high heat or fire),the sun,electricity and which layers of the skin are burned.First dearee burns These affect only the top layer of the skin.These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan or iron for a moment.Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal.Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and an tissue and organs under the skin.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks,burning clothes,or severe petrol fires.These burns are very severe injuries and the victim must get to a hospital at once.First aid treatment1 Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to theburn.Take off other clothing and jewellery near burns.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.It isbest to place burns under gently running water for about10 minutes.(The cool water stops the burningprocess,stops the pain and prevents or reducesswelling.)Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns,place cool,clean,wet cloths on themuntil the pain is not so bad.For second degree burns,keepcloths cool by puttiong them back in the coldwater,squeezing them out and placing them on the burnedarea over and over again for abour an hour until pain isnot so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently.Do not rub ,as this may breakany blisters and the wound may get infected5 Cover the burned area with a dry,clean bandage that willnot stick to the skin.Hold the bandage in place withtape,Never put butter,oil or ointments on burns as theykeep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If burns are on arms or legs,keep them higher than theheart,if possible.If burns are on the face,the victim shouldsit up.7 If the injuries are second degree or third degree burns,getthe victim to the doctor or hospital at once.Unit 5 First aidReadign and discussingHEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD Seventeen-year-old teenager,John Janson,was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for carrying out lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heardscreaming.When he and his father rushed outside,a man ran from the scene,They discovered that Anne Slade,mother of three,had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife.She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life.He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages,but when nobody could put their hands on any,his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.John used these to dress the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands.He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.“I’m proud of what I did but I was just doing what I’d been taught,”John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school.When congratulat-ing John,Mr Alan Southerton,Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said,“There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.”Before receiving their awards last night,John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.。
高中英语必修五课文及翻译
-必修 5Unit 2 The United KingdomReadingPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.人们可能会奇怪为什么用不同的词语来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家。
人教版高中英语必修五教材(全册)
人教版高中英语必修五教材(全册)本教材分为六个单元，内容涵盖了语法、词汇、阅读、写作等多个方面，旨在帮助学生综合提高英语能力。
下面是各单元的主要内容概括：Unit 1: Great Scientists介绍了几位杰出的科学家，如达尔文、爱因斯坦等，并探讨了科学和技术的发展。
通过阅读科学家的传记，学生们可以研究到科学家的职业生涯，从而了解科学是如何不断进步的。
Unit 2: The Environment本单元主要围绕环保展开。
内容包括环境问题、环境保护、可持续发展等话题的讨论。
通过这些话题的研究，学生们可以了解到我们面临的环境问题以及如何保护环境。
Unit 3: Music介绍了各种类型的音乐，包括古典音乐、摇滚音乐、流行音乐等，并通过音乐相关话题组织研究活动。
此外，还有关于音乐史和音乐家传记的阅读材料，使学生对音乐有更全面的了解。
Unit 4: Films and TV介绍了电影和电视节目的类型，如喜剧、动作片、纪录片等，并展开了有关电影制作和电视节目制作的话题。
通过与电影电视有关的材料，如影评、采访等，学生们可以提高听、说、读写各方面的能力。
Unit 5: Inventors and Inventions介绍了一些伟大的发明家和他们的发明，如爱迪生、贝尔等。
通过了解这些发明家的生平及其发明，学生们可以更好地理解科技与人类社会的发展历程。
Unit 6: Health围绕健康话题展开，包括饮食惯、锻炼、心理健康等。
同时，还有关于一些健康问题和疾病的介绍，如艾滋病、癌症等。
通过这些话题的研究，学生们可以了解到如何保持一个健康、积极的生活方式。
整本教材主要采用了趣味性、实用性和交际性的教学方法，旨在引导学生尽早进入英语学习环节，从而提高自己的听说读写能力。
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必修五课文背诵Unit 1John Snow was a famous doctor in London —— so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.Unit 2First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now then people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to “Great Britain”. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen’s jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.Unit 3I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “time lag”. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessaryadjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “It’ll make you feel much better.” He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I reali zed that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.Unit 4what do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story? You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good “nose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says. But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?That is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.I see! Have your ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were skeptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.Unit51 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4 Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5 Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.。