云南师范大学2018年综合英语考研真题
2018年考研英语真题及答案解析
2018年考研英语真题及答案解析考研英语最重要的就是做好真题的题海战，只有将真题啃透，才能在实战中得到更高分。
下面是小编分享的考研英语真题及答案解析，一起来看看吧。
考研英语真题及答案解析一Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common.Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.1. A. by way of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. as well as2. A. decide on B. provide for C. compete with D. adapt to3. A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone4. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example5. A. Unless B. Less C. After D. Although6. A. into B. within C. from D. through7. A. or B. since C. but D. so8. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create9. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying10. A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving11. A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union12. A. deal B. part C. grow D. live13. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if14. A. avoid B. follow C. challenge D. obtain15. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed16. A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however17. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed18. A. invested B. divided C. donated D. withdrawn19. A. warms B. clears C. shows D. breaks20. A. while B. so that C. once D. in that1.[标准答案] [D]as well as[考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身处大环境not only…..but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”该空与前一句“his parents and his friends”也是并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关” 所以答案只能是D. as well as.A. by way of通过B. with regard to 关于C. on behalf of 代表2.[标准答案] [A] decide on[考点分析] 上下文语义[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse 的关系，答案只能是A. decide on 决定。
云师大英语考研题目及答案
云师大英语考研题目及答案云南师范大学英语考研题目及答案一、阅读理解（共4篇，每篇5题，每题2分，共40分）1. 文章文章摘要：本文探讨了技术在教育领域的影响，包括在线学习、远程教育和个性化学习工具的发展。
问题1：技术对教育的积极影响是什么？答案：技术提高了教育资源的可访问性，促进了个性化学习，并且使远程教育成为可能。
问题2：在线学习的主要优势是什么？答案：在线学习允许学生根据自己的时间表学习，提供了灵活的学习环境。
问题3：个性化学习工具如何帮助学生？答案：个性化学习工具通过适应每个学生的学习速度和风格，帮助他们更有效地学习。
问题4：远程教育面临的挑战有哪些？答案：远程教育面临的挑战包括学生参与度不足、技术问题以及缺乏面对面交流。
问题5：作者对技术在教育中应用的总体看法是什么？答案：作者认为技术极大地改善了教育的质量和可及性，但也强调了需要解决的挑战。
2. 文章标题：The Role of Social Media in Modern Society文章摘要：本文分析了社交媒体在现代社会中的角色，包括信息传播、社交互动和商业营销。
问题1：社交媒体在信息传播中的作用是什么？答案：社交媒体作为快速传播信息的平台，对公众意识的形成和事件的快速响应具有重要作用。
问题2：社交媒体如何影响人们的社交互动？答案：社交媒体改变了人们的交流方式，提供了新的社交渠道，但同时也可能导致面对面交流的减少。
问题3：商业营销在社交媒体上的应用有哪些？答案：商业营销利用社交媒体的广泛覆盖和定向广告功能，以吸引潜在客户并提高品牌知名度。
问题4：社交媒体对个人隐私的影响是什么？答案：社交媒体可能导致个人信息的泄露和隐私侵犯，需要用户更加注意个人信息的保护。
问题5：作者对社交媒体的总体评价是什么？答案：作者认为社交媒体是现代社会不可或缺的一部分，但同时也强调了需要对其潜在负面影响保持警惕。
3. 文章标题：Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development文章摘要：本文讨论了环境保护与可持续发展之间的关系，以及实现这一目标的策略。
云南师范大学(2011-2017)考研真题
2017年云南师范大学333教育综合试题一、名词解释（每小题6分，共30分）1.晓庄师范2.学习动机3.课程内容4.教育制度5.不悱不发二、简答题（每小题12分，共60分）1.简述品德发展的一般规律。
2.简述陈鹤琴活教育主要观点。
3.简述荀子性恶论观点。
4.简述教育性教学。
5.简述下位学习。
三、论述题（每题20分，共60分）1.结合实例，如何理解“教学有法，而无定法”。
2.马卡连柯的集体主义教育思想的主要观点和现实意义。
3.结合实例，试述组织策略观点。
2016年云南师范大学333教育综合试题一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1. 学校德育2. 学校管理3. 马礼逊学校4. 经世致用5. 欧洲新教育运动6. 《爱弥儿》二、简答题（每小题10分，共60分）1. 简要述评夸美纽斯的教学过程思想。
2. 简要分析教育的政治功能。
3. 简析教育目的的层次结构及其相互关系。
4. 简述中国古代选士和取士制度沿革。
5. 简要分析新文化运动影响下国家主义教育思潮的主要内涵。
6. 举例说明什么是定势？三、论述题（每题20分，共60分）1. 结合案例，论述如何在美育教育实践中有效运用活动性原则。
2. 论述杜威实用主义教育思想的主要观点。
3. 结合实际分析学习策略中的精细加工策略。
2015年云南师范大学333教育综合试题第一部分教育学原理（60分）一、名词解释（每小题5分，共10分）1. 螺旋式课程2. 学校教育制度二、简答题（每小题15分，共30分）1.简要述评杜威的教学过程思想。
2.简述个体能动性在人的发展中的作用。
三、论述题（每小题20分，共20分）结合案例，论述在课堂教学中如何合理地运用发展性原则。
第二部分中外教育史（共60分）一、名词解释（每小题5分，共10分）1. 癸卯学制2. “全人生指导”二、简答题（每小题15分，共30分）1.简述梁漱溟乡村建设与乡村教育理论。
2.简述蔡元培“五育”并举的教育方针。
三、论述题（每小题20分，共20分）论述卢梭的教育思想及其影响。
【最新整理】2018考研英语(一)真题及答案【完整版】(word版可编辑修改)
【最新整理】2018考研英语(一)真题及答案【完整版】(word版可编辑修改)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（【最新整理】2018考研英语(一)真题及答案【完整版】(word版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一)答案在最后哦～Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things： child care， friendships, etc。
On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries ahigh 3。
4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution， their brains release oxytocin， a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another。
云南师范大学333教育综合历年考研真题汇编（含部分答案）
云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士] 历年考研真题汇编（含部分答案）目录2013年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版） (5)2014年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版） (6)2015年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版） (7)2017年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版） (8)2017年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解 (9)说明：本书凡批注“回忆版”的真题为考生根据记忆书录，部分题目的表述与原题可能稍有出入，但大体能够体现原题之意，极少数题目甚至可能因考生遗忘而佚失；另外，尽管查阅了大量专业资料文献，限于编者水平，所做答案仅为一家之言，望学员酌情参考并给予指正。
以上事项敬请学员知悉。
最后，本书答案详解参考并援引了大量相关的经典教材及期刊文献的学术成果，在此深表感谢！第一部分教育学原理一、名词解释题1．教育内在价值2．直线课程二、简答题1．信息时代对中小学生的素质要求。
2．教育的相对独立性是什么？三、论述题1．结合实际，谈谈理论理论联系实际原则。
第二部分中外教育史一、名词解释题1．《教育漫话》2．习明纳3．“六艺”4．科学教育思潮二、简答题1．夸美纽斯的教学原则。
2．简要评论杨贤江“全人生指导”的意义。
三、论述题1．什么是环境教育，结合实际谈谈环境教育的意义。
第三部分教育心理学一、简答题1．概念学习是什么，举例说明。
二、论述题1．华莱士的“创造四阶段”论是什么？有什么意义？1．环境的给定性2．人力资本3．《四书集注》4．双轨制二、简答题1．简析教学的三种水平。
2．简述洋务学堂的特点。
3．简述斯宾塞科学教育的思想。
三、论述题1．论述蔡元培大学教育思想及在中国教育史上的地位。
2．论儿童研究运动的实质及对我国基础教育的影响。
1．螺旋式课程2．学校教育制度3．诱因4．新学制5．全人生指导二、问答题1．简要评述杜威的教学过程思想。
2018年考研英语（二）真题及答案解析
2018年考研英语（⼆）真题及答案解析2018年考研英语⼆真题SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to_1_uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will_2_to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will_3_.In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested Student’s willingness to_4_themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one _5_,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist? Half of the pens would_6_an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified,another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified._7_left alone in the room.The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would_8_subsequent experiments reproduced,this effect with other stimuli_9_the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans.Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can_12_New Scientific advances,for instance—but sometimes such_13_can backfire,the insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to_15_,however.in a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to_16_ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to_17_to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the_18_of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth theendeavor.Thinking about long-term_20_is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.Hsee says.“in other words,don’t read online comments”.1.[A]protect[B]resolve[C]discuss[D]ignore2.[A]refuse[B]wait[C]regret[D]seek3.[A]hurt[B]last[C]mislead[D]rise4.[A]alert[B]tie[C]treat[D]expose5.[A]message[B]review[C]trial[D]concept6.[A]remove[B]weaken[C]interrupt[D]deliver7.[A]When[B]If[C]Though[D]Unless8.[A]continue[B]happen[C]disappear[D]change9.[A]rather than[B]regardless of[C]such as[D]owing to10.[A]discover[B]forgive[C]forget[D]disagree11.[A]pay[B]marriage[C]schooling[D]food12.[A]lead to[B]rest on[C]learn from[D]begin with13.[A]withdrawal[B]persistence[C]inquiry[D]diligence14.[A]self-reliant[B]self-deceptive[C]self-evident[D]self-destructive15.[A]define[B]resist[C]replace[D]trace16.[A]overlook[B]predict[C]design[D]conceal17.[A]remember[B]promise[C]choose[D]pretend18.[A]relief[B]plan[C]duty[D]outcome19.[A]why[B]whether[C]where[D]how20.[A]consequences[B]investments[C]strategies[D]limitationsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek know,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But evennow,54percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.Butonly44percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of.[A]practical ability[B]academic training[C]pioneering spirit[D]mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.[A]have a stereotyped mind[B]have no career motivation[C]are not academically successful[D]are financially disadvantaged23.we can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates.[A]used to have big financial concerns[B]used to have more job opportunities[C]are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D]are entitled to more educational privileges24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.[A]helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B]may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C]is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D]indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.[A]supportive[B]tolerant[C]disappointed[D]cautiousWhile fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly85percent of the world’s energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than10percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many inIowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quickput-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electricvehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Line3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.[A]stabilizing[B]changing[C]falling[D]rising27.According to Paragraph3，the use of renewable energy in America.[A]is progressing notably[B]is as extensive as in Europe[C]faces many challenges[D]has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa,.[A]wind is a widely used energy source[B]wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[C]tech giants are investing in clean energy[D]there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5&6?[A]Its application has boosted battery storage.[B]It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C]Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D]Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.[A]will bring the US closer to other countries[B]will accelerate global environmental change[C]is not really encouraged by the US government[D]is not competitive enough with regard to its costThe power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,/doc/8bbe5eae4531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028905f8535.html petition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.[A]digital products[B]user information[C]physical assets[D]quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.[A]worsen political disputes[B]mess up customer records[C]pose a risk to Facebook users[D]mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.[A]should serve the new market powers[B]may worsen the economic imbalance[C]should not provide just one legal solution[D]cannot keep pace with the changing market/doc/8bbe5eae4531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028905f8535.html petition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.[A]they are not defined as customers[B]they are not financially reliable[C]the services are generally digital[D]the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.[A]a win-win business model between digital giants[B]a typical competition pattern among digital giants[C]the benefits provided for digital giants’customers[D]the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of“deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specifictask;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends“deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford,author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy.we also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body... [idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”.says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to________.[A]keep to your focus time[B]list your immediate tasks[C]make specific daily plans[D]seize every minute to work37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harford shows that________.[A]distractions may actually increase efficiency[B]daily schedules are indispensable to studying[C]students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[D]detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport,idleness is________.[A]a desirable mental state for busy people[B]a major contributor to physical health[C]an effective way to save time and energy[D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work39.Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused_______.[A]can result in psychological well-being[B]can bring about greater efficiency[C]is aimed at better balance in work[D]is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about_______.[A]ways to relieve the tension of busy life[B]approaches to getting more done in less time[C]the key to eliminating distractions[D]the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment/doc/8bbe5eae4531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028905f8535.html ,places,thingsE.Find the“me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at thedoor.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out.It feels like it is stuck somewhere,I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think:that is the worst that could happen?They won’t talk with you?Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”。
2018考研英语（二）真题附参考详细标准答案
2018考研英语（⼆）真题附参考详细标准答案2018考研英语（⼆）真题及参考答案（完整版）SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)b5E2RGbCAPWhy do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .p1EanqFDPwIn a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willin gness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.DXDiTa9E3dTwenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.RTCrpUDGiTThe drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.5PCzVD7HxA Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.jLBHrnAILg1.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.resolve2.A.refuseB.seekC.waitD.regret/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html stC.hurtD.mislead4.A.alertB.exposeC.tieD.treat5.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt7.A.UnlessB.IfC.WhenD.Though8.A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen9.A.such asB.rather thanC.regardless ofD.owing to10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.discoverD.forget11.A.payB.foodC.marriageD.schooling12.A.begin withB.rest onC.lead toD.learn from13.A.inquiryB.withdrawalC.persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-deceptiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destructive xHAQX74J0X15.A.traceB.defineC.replaceD.resist16.A.concealB.overlookC.designD.predict17.A.chooseB.rememberC.promiseD.pretend18.A.reliefB.outcomeC.planD.duty19.A.howB.whyC.whereD.whether20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategies LDAYtRyKfESection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Zzz6ZB2LtkText 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a betterfuture.dvzfvkwMI1Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain? rqyn14ZNXIAs Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.EmxvxOtOcoBut he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” hesays.SixE2yXPq5On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not t he economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.6ewMyirQFLBut the headlong push into bac helor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.kavU42VRUsIn other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that g ap.y6v3ALoS89Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.M2ub6vSTnP21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.0YujCfmUCwA.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.eUts8ZQVRdA.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.sQsAEJkW5T/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html ed to have more job opportunities/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html ed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.GMsIasNXkAA.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.TIrRGchYzgA.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.7EqZcWLZNXSome growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially windand solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.lzq7IGf02EIn many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.zvpgeqJ1hk President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech inIowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many inIowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.NrpoJac3v1The quest ion“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.1nowfTG4KIThe advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electricvehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.fjnFLDa5ZoWhile th ere’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.tfnNhnE6e526.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.HbmVN777sLA.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.V7l4jRB8HsA.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?83lcPA59W9A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.mZkklkzaaP30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.AVktR43bpwA.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its cost ORjBnOwcEdText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．2MiJTy0dTTFacebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.gIiSpiue7ACompetition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the peoplewho buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．uEh0U1YfmhThe product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．IAg9qLsgBX31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.WwghWvVhPEA.digital products/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html er informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.asfpsfpi4kA.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing market/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html petition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.ooeyYZTjj1A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giants BkeGuInkxIC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customers PgdO0sRlMoD.the relationship between digital giants and their users3cdXwckm15Text 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.h8c52WOngMThere are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specifictask;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.v4bdyGiousNewport also recommends “deepscheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any givenpoint,Ishould have deep work scheduled for ro ughly the next month.Once on the c alendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.J0bm4qMpJ9Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.XVauA9grYPWhile the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.bR9C6TJscwIn order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport sugg ests,“be lazy.”pN9LBDdtrd“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D isto the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.DJ8T7nHuGTSrini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.QF81D7bvUA“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.4B7a9QFw9h36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.ix6iFA8xoXA.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.wt6qbkCyDEA.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected Kp5zH46zRk38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.Yl4HdOAA61A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)ch4PJx4BlIA.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html , places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.qd3YfhxCzoYou meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.E836L11DO5Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.S42ehLvE3M41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. I t feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.501nNvZFisJust think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!jW1viftGw9 I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.xS0DOYWHLP42.______F______It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.LOZMkIqI0wHonestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s g oing on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.ZKZUQsUJedSo don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.dGY2mcoKtT43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a loteasier.rCYbSWRLIA44._____B_______Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.FyXjoFlMWhSo when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.TuWrUpPObX45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!7qWAq9jPqESo remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talkabout.llVIWTNQFkWhen you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.yhUQsDgRT1That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is areally good book to read, or to have a conversation with!MdUZYnKS8ISection Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)09T7t6eTnoA fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.e5TfZQIUB5That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they ex plain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.s1SovAcVQM【参考译⽂】⼀个五年级地学⽣需要完成⼀份作业，作业地内容是要从⼯作清单中选出⾃⼰未来地职业.他在“宇航员”那⾥画了线，但是⼜很快加上了“科学家”.他相信，如果他读地书够多，就可以任意选择他所喜欢地职业.所以他读了从百科全书到科幻⼩说⾮常多地书.他对于读书太过于痴迷以⾄于他地⽗母不得不制定了在餐桌上“禁⽌读书政策”.GXRw1kFW5s这个男孩就是⽐尔盖茨，他⾄今都没有停⽌过阅读，即使已经成为世上最成功地⼈⼠之⼀.如今，他不仅阅读科幻作品和百科丛书：他最近透漏⾃⼰⼀年⾄少阅读50本⾮⼩说书籍，因为这些书揭秘了世界地运转⽅式.⽐尔盖茨说：“每⼀本书都开辟了探索知识地新路径”.UTREx49Xj9Section ⅣWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an emailto8PQN3NDYyP1）apologize and explain the situation, and2）suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.mLPVzx7ZNwDo not use your own name. Use“Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.（10 points）【参考译⽂】Dear Prof. Smith,I am writing this letter in order to apologize to you for I have to cancel my travelling plan in your local city, and I will fail to visit you as I promised. AHP35hB02dI really have kept our appointment in my mind all these days. However, when I was set out for the airport, I suddenly had a severe stomachache , so I have to go to the hospital to see a doctor. It’s unexpected and urgent and I must go.I am extremely sorry that I cannot keep my promise, but I wonder whether I couldhave another appointment with you on next weekend if you are available.NDOcB141gTI am looking forward to your early reply. I apologize to you more than I can say. Please forgive me.1zOk7Ly2vAYours sincerely,Li MingPart B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should fuNsDv23Kh1）interpret the chart and2）give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）tqMB9ew4YX【参考范⽂】As is depicted by the pie chart, the author is trying to show factors why consumers choose a restaurant in a certain city. According to the data reflected by the chart, it is not hard to see that speciality can be the most important factor to choose a canteen for consumers, which takes up 36.38%. however, other factors including service, environment and price account for 26.8%, 23.8% and 8.4% respectively. Thesestatistics reflect an thought-provoking phenomenon. HmMJFY05dEThere are two reasons accounting for this situation reflected by the chart above. The most important factor we should take into consideration is the rapid economic development and the growth of purchasing power, which can explain the reason why the price takes up the smallest proportion in these factors when consumers choose canteen. Moreover, there is no deny in saying that an increasing number of people are paying closer attention to the new taste and fresh feeling which lead to the result that a large group of people choose restaurants according to the level of speciality. ViLRaIt6skBased on the analysis made above, it is safe to say that there is a tendency for people to choose a canteen largely depend on the speciality in the coming years. On the contrary, people will continue to pay increasingly less attention on the price.9eK0GsX7H1版权申明本⽂部分内容，包括⽂字、图⽚、以及设计等在⽹上搜集整理.版权为个⼈所有This article includes some parts, including text, pictures, anddesign. Copyright is personal ownership.naK8ccr8VI⽤户可将本⽂地内容或服务⽤于个⼈学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他⾮商业性或⾮盈利性⽤途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律地规定，不得侵犯本⽹站及相关权利⼈地合法权利.除此以外，将本⽂任何内容或服务⽤于其他⽤途时，须征得本⼈及相关权利⼈地书⾯许可，并⽀付报酬.B6JgIVV9aoUsers may use the contents or services of this article for personal study, research or appreciation, and other non-commercial or non-profit purposes, but at the same time, they shall abide by the provisions of copyright law and other relevant laws, and shall not infringe upon the legitimate rights of this website and its relevant obligees. In addition, when any content or service of this article is used for other purposes, written permission and remuneration shall be obtained from the person concerned and the relevant obligee.P2IpeFpap5转载或引⽤本⽂内容必须是以新闻性或资料性公共免费信息为使⽤⽬地地合理、善意引⽤，不得对本⽂内容原意进⾏曲解、修改，并⾃负版权等法律责任.3YIxKpScDMReproduction or quotation of the content of this article must be reasonable and good-faith citation for the use of news or informative public free information. It shall not misinterpret or modify the original intention of the content of this article, and shall bear legal liability such as copyright.gUHFg9mdSs。
考研英语2018试题及答案
考研英语2018试题及答案考研英语2018模拟试题Part I Listening Comprehension (听力理解)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, read the four possible answers on yourpaper and mark the one you think is the right answer. Conversation 1M: Have you finished your homework, Jane?W: Yes, I have. I'm going to the library to return some books.M: Would you mind if I come along with you? I need to borrowa book on economics.W: Not at all.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What has the woman just done?A. Borrowed some books from the library.B. Returned some books to the library.C. Bought a book on economics.D. Lended a book to the man.2. What does the man want to do?A. Go to the library with the woman.B. Return some books to the library.C. Borrow a book from the woman.D. Buy a book on economics.3. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Friends.D. Librarian and student.Conversation 2W: I'm so glad I don't have to work overtime this evening. I can finally go to the concert.M: That's great. I've been looking forward to it for weeks.Questions 4 and 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.4. What does the woman feel about not working overtime?A. Annoyed.B. Disappointed.C. Relieved.D. Indifferent.5. How long has the man been waiting for the concert?A. Weeks.B. A month.C. A year.D. Several months.Long Conversation 1M: Hi, Lily. How was your trip to New York?W: Hi, Tom. It was fantastic. I saw so many interesting places.M: That's nice. Did you visit the Statue of Liberty?W: Yes, I did. It was amazing. I also went to theMetropolitan Museum of Art.M: What did you think of the museum?W: I loved it. I spent the whole day there. There were somany beautiful paintings.M: It sounds like you had a great time. Did you take any pictures?W: Yes, I took a lot of pictures. I'll show them to you later.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the long conversation you have just heard.6. What did the woman do in New York?A. She went to a museum.B. She climbed the Statue of Liberty.C. She visited a friend.D. She took a lot of pictures.7. How does the man feel about the woman's trip?A. Indifferent.B. Excited.C. Disappointed.D. Annoyed.8. How long did the woman spend at the museum?A. A few hours.B. The whole day.C. A week.D. A month.9. What did the woman think of the museum?A. It was boring.B. She loved it.C. It was too crowded.D. She didn't like it.10. What will the woman do later?A. Show her pictures to the man.B. Climb the Statue of Liberty.C. Visit the museum again.D. Go to New York.Part II Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)Passage 1In recent years, the use of social media has grown exponentially. People from all walks of life are now using platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to connect with friends, family, and even strangers. However, this widespread use of social media has raised concerns about privacy and the potential for misuse of personal information.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the passage you have just read.11. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of social media.B. The growth of social media usage.C. The privacy concerns related to social media.D. The different platforms of social media.12. What has increased significantly in recent years?A. The number of social media users.B. The variety of social media platforms.C. The amount of personal information available online.D. The trust people have in social media。
(NEW)云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]历年考研真题汇编(含部分答案)
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目 录2013年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2013年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解2014年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2015年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2017年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2017年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解2018年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2018年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解2013年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）第一部分 教育学原理一、名词解释1教育内在价值2直线课程二、简答题1信息时代对中小学生的素质要求。
2教育的相对独立性是什么？三、论述题结合实际，谈谈理论联系实际原则。
第二部分 中外教育史一、名词解释1《教育漫话》2习明纳3“六艺”4科学教育思潮二、简答题1夸美纽斯的教学原则。
2简要评论杨贤江“全人生指导”的意义。
三、论述题什么是环境教育，结合实际谈谈环境教育的意义。
第三部分 教育心理学一、简答题概念学习是什么，举例说明。
二、论述题华莱士的“创造过程四阶段”论是什么？有什么意义？2013年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解第一部分 教育学原理一、名词解释1教育内在价值答：教育的内在价值主要是指教育作为一种培养人的社会实践活动对受教育者身心发展过程中所产生的一定需要的满足，也称教育的本质价值。
个体要生存、要发展、要享用，首要的前提是个体具有生活和创造生活的能力，这一能力的获得只能通过教育。
教育育人的实质就是使人掌握知识、发展能力和形成良好思想品质，形成德智体全面发展的人，这是教育内在价值的根本。
2直线课程答：直线课程就是把一门课程的内容组织成一条逻辑上前后联系的直线，前后内容基本不重复的课程形式。
2018考研真题及答案汇总
2018考研真题及答案汇总出国留学网考研网为大家提供2018考研真题及答案汇总，2018考研真题及答案汇总12018年考研政治真题及答案22018考研数学真题及答案汇总32018年考研英语真题及答案汇总42018年考研专业课真题及答案52018各校艺术考研真题汇总出国留学网考研频道整理2018考研真题及答案解析汇总：2018年考研真题及答案解析汇总12018年考研政治真题及答案解析汇总22018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析汇总32018年考研英语真题及答案解析汇总42018考研数学一真题及答案解析汇总52018考研数学二真题及答案解析汇总62018考研数学三真题及答案解析汇总72018年考研数农真题及答案解析汇总82018年考研数学真题及答案解析汇总92018年考研专业课真题及答案解析汇总102018考研法硕法学真题及答案解析汇总112018考研法硕非法学真题及答案解析汇总122018考研中医综合真题及答案解析汇总132018考研西医综合真题及答案解析汇总142018考研历史学真题及答案解析汇总152018考研教育学真题及答案解析汇总162018考研心理学真题及答案解析汇总172018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析汇总出国留学网考研频道整理2018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析汇总：2018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析汇总12018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析：初数1-5题22018年考研管理类联考数学答案32018年管理类联考论说文真题解析42018考研管综写作真题52018考研管理类联考综合能力真题：初数单选题1-4题62018考研管理类联考综合能力真题：初数单选题8-10题72018考研管理类联考综合能力真题：初数单选题11-13题82018考研管理类联考综合能力真题：初数单选题15题出国留学网考研频道整理小编精心为您推荐：2018年34所自划线高校分数线汇总2018全国考研复试信息汇总2018考研分数线信息汇总2018考研成绩查询信息汇总2018考研国家线信息汇总2018全国考研调剂信息汇总考研英语真题考研数学真题政治真题专业课真题英语一真题英语二真题数学一真题数学二真题数学三真题数农真题考研英语答案考研数学答案政治答案专业课答案英语一答案英语二答案数学一答案数学二答案数学三答案数农答案。
2018年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题(回忆版)及详解【圣才出品】
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2018年云南师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解一、名词解释1．课程设计答：课程设计是一个有目的、有计划、有结构地产生教学计划、教学大纲以及教科书等的系统化活动，是对课程的各个方面作出规划和安排。
在学校教育环境中，它是旨在使学生获得的、促进其迁移的、进而促使学生全面发展的、具有教育性经验的计划。
它包括三个层次：①宏观层次，主要解决课程的一些基本理念问题，包括课程的价值、根本目的、主要任务、基本结构等；②中观层次，将宏观层次的内容具体化为各门课程的大纲或标准，并且以教科书或其他形式的教材为载体表现出来；③微观层次，指进入课程实施领域时，由教师设计的，包括课堂教学的目标、具体的教学方法等。
课程设计的原则有从简单到复杂、从特殊到一般、现存生物体的生命循环、从一般到细节、从一般分类到更细的分类这五条原则。
2．陶冶法答：陶冶法是指通过设置一定的情境让学生自然而然地得到道德情感与心灵的熏陶、教育的一种教育方法。
如果说讲授、谈话、讨论等是一种明示的德育方法的话，陶冶则是一种暗示的德育方法。
陶冶法的基本理论基础是环境与人的发展的相互作用。
一般说来陶冶法有“陶情”和“冶性”两方面的作用机制。
陶情是一种与认知活动相互联系的情感和情趣的化育过程；冶性则指与情感联系的认知上的进步乃至人格上的提升。
陶冶的过程是陶情与冶性两个过程的统一。
因而在道德教育过程中陶冶的方法主要侧重于情感的陶冶，但其作用当然也不止于情感的培育。
情感陶冶法的具体实施途径一般是三个方面：教师的师爱、环境陶冶、艺术陶冶。
陶冶法的关键是要设置具有隐性教育意义的教育情境。
主体的主动参与是增强道德陶冶作用的一个重要条件，因为“参与”可以使环境变成一种具有亲和力或亲切感的道德影响源。
情感陶冶法广泛应用于德育过程之中。
陶冶法的长处是教育意向和教育内容寓于生动形象、趣味盎然的环境与活动之中，教育过程具有情感与认知高度统一的特点，易于发动和培养学生的学习动机、想象和理解能力等等。