山西省永济市2008年地方性氟中毒流行现况调查分析_董旭峰
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·防治实践·山西省永济市2008年地方性氟中毒流行现况调查分析
董旭峰1,雷静2,张萍2,张振国2,畅游2
1.宁夏医科大学,宁夏银川750004;2.山西省运城市疾病预防控制中心
摘要:目的为了解降氟改水后永济市饮水型地方性氟中毒的流行病学概况及消长趋势,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法在永济市氟中毒流行区按轻、中、重病区共抽查18个病区村,进行水氟、8 12岁儿童氟斑牙、尿氟及16岁以上成人氟骨症流行病学调查。水氟和尿氟采用氟离子选择电极法测定。结果共抽检饮用水81份,超标5份,超标率6.17%,水氟均值0.70mg/L,最大值2.41mg/L。8 12岁儿童281名,氟斑牙患病率为41.64%,缺损率为16.37%,氟斑牙指数1,尿氟均数为2.38mg/L。共调查16岁以上成人19662人,氟骨症患病人数663人,患病率为3.37%。结论永济市氟中毒病情已处于稳定状态,但依然属于地方性氟中毒的流行区,以降氟改水为主的综合防治措施仍需进一步加强,监测工作不能放松。
关键词:氟中毒;水氟;尿氟;流行
中图分类号:R599.9文献标识码:B文章编号:1001-1889(2011)06-0414-03
Investigation and analyzing on the epidemic of endemic fluorosis
in Yongji Shanxi province in2008
DONG Xu-feng*,LEI Jing,ZHANG Ping,ZHANG Zhen-guo,CHANG You
*Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxia750004,China
Abstract:Objective To explore the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in the area where the drinking water was improved,to pro-vide evidence for the disease control and prevention.Methods Eighteen villages were selected in yongji according to the distri-bution feature of disease area.The investigational spots were selected by stratified and clustered sampling in that county.Dental fluorosis and urine fluorine content of8to12years old children and the adults who were elder than sixteen were examined in the selected spots.The fluoride levels of in water and urine were determined by fluoride selective ion electrode.Results The sum number of water was81and the overall standard water was5,accounting for6.17%.There were281children were surveyed and the dental fluorosis rates was41.64%,the index was1.Average urine fluorine of children was2.38mg/L.There were663suf-fers of19662adults,accounting for3.37%.Conclusions The prevalence of endemic fluorosis is in a steady state but it is still
a epidemical area in Yuncheng.Therefore,we should strength water-improving projects and our work to raise the effectiveness of
prevention.
Key words:Fluorosis;Water fluorine;Urine fluorine;Epidemic
山西省永济市从20世纪80年代开始在氟病区大规模开展打深井方式进行改水,目前全市所有病区都完成了改水。但由于管理等方面的问题,水氟回升严重,永济市从2003年底在全市范围内引中条山泉水作饮用水后,水氟含量明显好转,一直保持在0.7mg/L 左右。本次调查目的主要是掌握改水后氟中毒流行病学现况,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据。
1材料与方法
1.1抽样方法按照《国家饮水型地方性氟中毒防治项目》的要求,按轻、中、重病区采用分层整群随机
基金项目:中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金项目(2007)
通讯作者:董旭峰,E-mail:startok@sina.com 抽样的方法,共抽取5个乡(镇)18个病区村为本次调查的调查点。
1.2调查内容
1.2.1水氟在未改水地区选取的调查村,按东、西、南、北、中随机采集5份水样,不足5个水源时全部采样,测定水氟浓度,计算平均值;在已改水地区选取的调查村,随机抽检3份末梢水样,并采集1份水源水水样测定水氟浓度,计算平均值。
1.2.2氟斑牙及尿氟随机抽取50%的调查村对全部8 12岁儿童氟斑牙及尿氟进行调查。
1.2.3氟骨症在调查村对所有16岁及以上成人进行临床氟骨症患病情况检查。
1.3判定标准和检验方法水氟、尿氟测定采用离子选择电极法(GB5750-85);氟斑牙诊断采用Deans