英语语言学PPT
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英语语言学及应用课件PPT胡壮麟史上最全面
举例: too 和 tea 中的 /t/ 发too中的/t/时, 舌位更靠近口腔前部 发tea中的/t/时，舌位更靠近口腔后部 所以too 和 tea 中的 /t/两个不同的音子
Hale Waihona Puke Phoneme(音位): phonological and abstract unit, a unit of distinctive value; the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish two words.
1. Bilabial双唇 ; 2. Labiodental唇齿的; 3. Dental or
interdental齿音和齿 间; 4. Alveolar齿龈音 ; 5. Palatoalveolar腭齿音; 6. Palatal 腭音; 7. Velar软腭音; 8. Uvular小舌音; 9. Glottal声门.
2019/12/24
What is linguistics
Linguistics, the scientific study of language, concerns itself with all aspects of how people use language and what they must know in order to do so.
The diagram of single vowel classification by applying the two criteria so far mentioned:
I Language as a Formal System
The study of how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. is called phonology音系学.
Hale Waihona Puke Phoneme(音位): phonological and abstract unit, a unit of distinctive value; the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish two words.
1. Bilabial双唇 ; 2. Labiodental唇齿的; 3. Dental or
interdental齿音和齿 间; 4. Alveolar齿龈音 ; 5. Palatoalveolar腭齿音; 6. Palatal 腭音; 7. Velar软腭音; 8. Uvular小舌音; 9. Glottal声门.
2019/12/24
What is linguistics
Linguistics, the scientific study of language, concerns itself with all aspects of how people use language and what they must know in order to do so.
The diagram of single vowel classification by applying the two criteria so far mentioned:
I Language as a Formal System
The study of how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. is called phonology音系学.
语言学09--Chapter 9 Language and Literature.ppt
4
Stylistics also attempts to establish principles capable of explaining the particular choices made by individuals and social groups in their use of language, such as socialisation, the production and reception of meaning, critical discourse analysis and literary criticism.
7
In addition, stylistics is a distinctive term that may be used to determine the connections between the form and effects within a particular variety of language.
14
In the wider sense of stylistics, text linguistics, and literary studies, it is a
translation of the Czech aktualisace
(actualization), a term common with the Prague Structuralists.
12
The red-haired woman, smiling, waving to the disappearing shore. She left the maharajah; she left innumerable other lights o’ passing love in towns and cities and theatres and railway stations all over the world. But Melchior she did not leave.
Stylistics also attempts to establish principles capable of explaining the particular choices made by individuals and social groups in their use of language, such as socialisation, the production and reception of meaning, critical discourse analysis and literary criticism.
7
In addition, stylistics is a distinctive term that may be used to determine the connections between the form and effects within a particular variety of language.
14
In the wider sense of stylistics, text linguistics, and literary studies, it is a
translation of the Czech aktualisace
(actualization), a term common with the Prague Structuralists.
12
The red-haired woman, smiling, waving to the disappearing shore. She left the maharajah; she left innumerable other lights o’ passing love in towns and cities and theatres and railway stations all over the world. But Melchior she did not leave.
《英语语言学导论》(第四版)课件Chapter 2 Phonetics
learners of English, and explain why they cause difficulty. 2. Observe your classmates’ pronunciation of the English consonant
[v] and write a short paper on the problem in the acquisition of [v] and how to solve it.
Phonetic features and natural classes
Teaching Aims
The Study of Speech Sounds
1. To make students familiar with sound production mechanism， the transcription and description of English sounds. 2. To make students understand the differences of consonants and vowels, the nature of phonetic features and natural classes. 3. To cultivate students’ cross-cultural awareness and research interests in discovering the regularities of speech sounds.
2.3 Phonetic transcription of sounds
Transcription of sounds
2.3.1 Unit of representation Speech is a continuous flow of sound with interruptions only
[v] and write a short paper on the problem in the acquisition of [v] and how to solve it.
Phonetic features and natural classes
Teaching Aims
The Study of Speech Sounds
1. To make students familiar with sound production mechanism， the transcription and description of English sounds. 2. To make students understand the differences of consonants and vowels, the nature of phonetic features and natural classes. 3. To cultivate students’ cross-cultural awareness and research interests in discovering the regularities of speech sounds.
2.3 Phonetic transcription of sounds
Transcription of sounds
2.3.1 Unit of representation Speech is a continuous flow of sound with interruptions only
英语语言学概论语言学ppt
A text is a product of all three. The three metafunctions of language are closely related to context and realized in the lexicogrammar of language. They are interwoven in discourse.
Metafunctions of Language
M.A.K. Halliday
12英语2班 翁京京 马密密 王雅莛 唐晓雯 唐苑
A British-born Australian linguist who developed the internationally influential systemic functional linguistic model of language.
逻辑功能
The experiential function 经验功能
It refers to the grammatical choices that enable
speakers to make meanings about the world around us
and inside us. 经验功能指的是语言对人们在现实世界（包括内心世界） 中的各种经历的表达。换言之，就是反映客观世界中所 发生的事、所牵涉的人和物以及与之有关的时间、地点 等环境因素。
The logical function
逻辑功能
Halliday describes the logical function as those systems
“whichnships between o
ne clausal unite and another”
Metafunctions of Language
M.A.K. Halliday
12英语2班 翁京京 马密密 王雅莛 唐晓雯 唐苑
A British-born Australian linguist who developed the internationally influential systemic functional linguistic model of language.
逻辑功能
The experiential function 经验功能
It refers to the grammatical choices that enable
speakers to make meanings about the world around us
and inside us. 经验功能指的是语言对人们在现实世界（包括内心世界） 中的各种经历的表达。换言之，就是反映客观世界中所 发生的事、所牵涉的人和物以及与之有关的时间、地点 等环境因素。
The logical function
逻辑功能
Halliday describes the logical function as those systems
“whichnships between o
ne clausal unite and another”
英语语言学第二章讲课ppt课件
allophone音位变体
and
A phone is a phonetic unit or segment. The speech sounds we hear and produce during linguistic communication are all phones.
认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才 能开始 对症下 药，然 后药到 病除。 近年来 国家对 扶贫工 作高度 重视， 已经展 开了“ 精准扶 贫”项 目
Broad transcription 宽式标音: the transcription with letter-symbols only.
Narrow transcription 严式标音: the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics 变音符. Diacritics are a set of symbols added to the letter-symbols to bring out the finer distinctions than the letters alone may possibly do.
认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才 能开始 对症下 药，然 后药到 病除。 近年来 国家对 扶贫工 作高度 重视， 已经展 开了“ 精准扶 贫”项 目
Bilabial 双唇音 Labiodental 唇齿音 Dental 齿音 Alveolar 齿龈音 Palatal 腭音 Velar 软腭音 Glottal 喉音
of how speech sounds are produced. (2) Auditory phonetics 听觉语音学 studies how
英语语言学概论第二章phonology(共14张PPT)
2.3.1 Coarticulation (协同发音)
Map PK Lamb
[mæp]
[læm]
A nasal + a vowel
Soft palate: from the lowered position to the raised position
Proceeding influenced following (perseverative)
Broad and narrow transcriptions
Velarization rule (软腭化): A vowel + a nasal
the
string,
the
two
sound
combinations
are
phonemic contrast, complementary distribution
when simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved.
Broad and narrow transcriptions
[pi:k]
Peak
[pʰi:k]
Broad
Narrow
1. Broad transcription (宽式音标): The transcription of sounds with letter-symbols only. [ _ ]
said to form a minimal pair.
Pill/bill; pill/till; till/kill; kill/dill/; dill/gill
big/peg; peak/leap
Minimal pairs
Four requirements for identifying minimal pairs:
英语语言学课件Chapter 8 Morphology-PPT课件
Morphemes
• “A minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function.” • Reopened: re- + open + -ed • Tourists: tour + -ist + -s
Free and Bound Morphemes
• Free morphemes: can stand by themselves as single words: open, tour • Bound morphemes: cannot normally stand alone, but typically attached to another form: re-, -ist, -ed, -s. • All affixes in Eng are bound • Stem: when used with bound morphemes, the basic word-form involved is technically known as the stem • Undress -ed • Prefix stem suffix • bound free bound
Free and Bound Morphemes
• This type of description is a partial simplification of the morphological facts of Eng. • Re- in words: receive, reduce, repeat • But –ceive, -duce- and –peat are not free morphemes • Bound stems and free stems (dress, care)
英语语言学-语言学知识点 PPT
buy : sell lend : borrow give : receive parent : child husband : wife
teacher : student above : below before : after host : guest employer : employee
语言学知识点
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived.
How speech sounds are made
fast (adj) and fast (n)
如何区分同音同形和一词多义现象:
beauty, fish, ball, scale beauty: 美丽；美女 fish: 鱼；鱼肉；水生动物；捕鱼；寻找 ball: 球；舞会 scale: 规模；鱼鳞 看其多个意义之间是否有关联，如果有就是一
The principal suprasegmentals are:
Ludwig Wittgenstein: ‘The meaning of a word is its use in the language’.
Meaning is studied by making detailed analyses of the way words and sentences are used in specific contexts.
As there is no obstruction of air in the production of vowels, the description of the consonants and vowels cannot be done along the same lines.
chapter 5 Semantics英语专业语言学PPT
• Problem: What is the link?
Triangle of Reference by Ogden & Richards
Contextualism
3. Contextualism: Meaning should be studied in terms of situation, use, context.
• morning star 启明星 , evening star冥王星
Major sense relations— homonymy 121
• Homonymy 同音/形异义,including: ➢Homophones同音词: rain/reign,
night/night, ➢Homographs同形词:bow v./ n., tear v./
• Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.
• Linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.
5.Reflective/reflected meaning反映义
(association with another sense of the same expression) e.g. intercourse, nucleur
6. Collocative meaning 搭配义 p.116:
• The associations of a word gets because of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its linguistic context.
Triangle of Reference by Ogden & Richards
Contextualism
3. Contextualism: Meaning should be studied in terms of situation, use, context.
• morning star 启明星 , evening star冥王星
Major sense relations— homonymy 121
• Homonymy 同音/形异义,including: ➢Homophones同音词: rain/reign,
night/night, ➢Homographs同形词:bow v./ n., tear v./
• Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.
• Linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.
5.Reflective/reflected meaning反映义
(association with another sense of the same expression) e.g. intercourse, nucleur
6. Collocative meaning 搭配义 p.116:
• The associations of a word gets because of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its linguistic context.
英语语言学教程Chapter_2_PPT
Chapter 2 Speech Sounds
The three main areas of the study of sounds
Articulatory phonetics is the study of the production of speech sounds Acoustic phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds Perceptual or auditory phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds
The international phonetic alphabet (P.28)
2.2 Consonants and vowels (p. 29-37)
Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing in the vocal tract so that the airflow is either completely blocked, or so restricted that audible friction is produced. A vowel is produced without such “stricture” so that „air escapes in a relatively unimpeded way through the mouth and nose.” (Crystal, 1997: 154)
Lateral （边音 / 舌边音） [l] ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ncomplete closure between one or both sides of the tongue and the roof of the mouth
The three main areas of the study of sounds
Articulatory phonetics is the study of the production of speech sounds Acoustic phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds Perceptual or auditory phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds
The international phonetic alphabet (P.28)
2.2 Consonants and vowels (p. 29-37)
Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing in the vocal tract so that the airflow is either completely blocked, or so restricted that audible friction is produced. A vowel is produced without such “stricture” so that „air escapes in a relatively unimpeded way through the mouth and nose.” (Crystal, 1997: 154)
Lateral （边音 / 舌边音） [l] ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ncomplete closure between one or both sides of the tongue and the roof of the mouth
新编简明英语语言学教程 教案PPT 第一章上
What is language? How does language work? What rules are there that govern the structure of language? What do all languages have in common? What range of variation is found among languages? What makes language change? To what extent are social class differeces reflected in language? How does a child acquire his mother tongue?
semantics（语义学）--the study of the meaning of language pragmatics（语用学）-- the study of meaning in the context of
language use.
The scopes of linguistics
sociolinguistics（社会语言学）-- how social factors affect language use psycholinguistics（心理语言学）-- linguistics behavior and
morphology（形态学）--the study of the way in which morphemes are arranged and combined to form words (the form of words)
syntax（句法学 ）--the study of the rules that govern the combination of words to form grammatically permissible sentence
semantics（语义学）--the study of the meaning of language pragmatics（语用学）-- the study of meaning in the context of
language use.
The scopes of linguistics
sociolinguistics（社会语言学）-- how social factors affect language use psycholinguistics（心理语言学）-- linguistics behavior and
morphology（形态学）--the study of the way in which morphemes are arranged and combined to form words (the form of words)
syntax（句法学 ）--the study of the rules that govern the combination of words to form grammatically permissible sentence
英语语言学及应用课件PPT胡壮麟史上最全面
Welcome to Linguistics
2020/10/1
Contents
名词解释；学术流派对比评论；理论解释某语言现象 语料库语言学 、修辞学 、语用学 、认知语言学 、语言哲学 、 英汉对比语言学 、 语言学概论 语言学理论流派 流派漫谈：刘润清 认知语言学（附件） 第二语言习得（附件） 语料库语言学（附件）
2020/10/1
Or maybe the reason is in fact simple: human beings are always curious in seeking what they don’t know. Consider: What are taken for granted in our course of language use without realizing its wonder?
The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of airstream.
As there is no obstruction of air in the production of vowels, the description of the consonants and vowels cannot be done along the same lines.
tea 和 sea, /t/和/s/是两个不同的音位morpheme
What is the point of departure of phonology? A. phone B. sound C. voice D. phoneme
What is the point of departure of phonology? A. phone B. sound C. voice D. phoneme(音位)
2020/10/1
Contents
名词解释；学术流派对比评论；理论解释某语言现象 语料库语言学 、修辞学 、语用学 、认知语言学 、语言哲学 、 英汉对比语言学 、 语言学概论 语言学理论流派 流派漫谈：刘润清 认知语言学（附件） 第二语言习得（附件） 语料库语言学（附件）
2020/10/1
Or maybe the reason is in fact simple: human beings are always curious in seeking what they don’t know. Consider: What are taken for granted in our course of language use without realizing its wonder?
The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of airstream.
As there is no obstruction of air in the production of vowels, the description of the consonants and vowels cannot be done along the same lines.
tea 和 sea, /t/和/s/是两个不同的音位morpheme
What is the point of departure of phonology? A. phone B. sound C. voice D. phoneme
What is the point of departure of phonology? A. phone B. sound C. voice D. phoneme(音位)
Chapter Five Language Descriptions 英语语言学PPT课件
Applied Linguistics Chapter 2 by TIAN Bing
4
• The descriptive view has led linguists to new insights about language and new ways of talking about and defining units of language. However, in many cases applied linguistics has required a prescriptive grammar recognizing that language teaching is frequently a case of teaching what should be done (Odlin, 1994). In other words, pedagogical grammar has been equated with prescriptive grammar.
II. Lg Description
Language Descriptions Language Corpora. Stylistics. Discourse Analysis. vs CA
III. Cognitive & Social
Language Acquisition: L1 vs L2 Language, Thought, and Culture. Language and Gender. Language and Politics. World Englishes.
Learnin g.
VI. Teaching
Fashions in Language Teaching M ethodology.
英语语言学概论课程课件
The History and Development of English
Linguistics
Early Beginnings
The Growth of Philosophy
Modern Linguistics
The study of English linguistics can trace its roots back to the Renaissance, with the works of scholars such as William Shakespeare and Francis Bacon
The Creation of New Words and the Development of Vocabulary
02 03
Language Change and Evolution
Linguistics investments how languages change over time and explore the processes that lead to language evolution
Communication and Social Interaction
Annotative meaning: the emotional or cultural associations a word may have
Context and Means
Sense depends on the context in which it is used
Context can change the intended meaning of a word or phrase
the IPA symbols and their
英语语言学PPT
Chapter 3: Morphology
The study of words
精选可编辑ppt
1
3.1 Introductions:
• U.S. fast food giant McDonald's Corp said on Tuesday it would give its Chinese employees their first across-the-board pay rise.
dictionary dictation prediction dictograph
dictum
audible audience audiometer auditor auditorium
visual visible visit vision
精选可编辑ppt
14
Diagram B to classify morphemes
精选可编辑ppt
18
3.4 Morphs and allomorphs
Morphs are the smallest meaningful phonetic segments of an utterance on the level of parole.
morpheme (langue) morph (parole)
精选可编辑ppt
10
3.3 What is morpheme??
• Morpheme is the minimal linguistic sign, a grammatical unit in which there is an arbitrary union of a sound and a meaning and that cannot be further analyzed.
The study of words
精选可编辑ppt
1
3.1 Introductions:
• U.S. fast food giant McDonald's Corp said on Tuesday it would give its Chinese employees their first across-the-board pay rise.
dictionary dictation prediction dictograph
dictum
audible audience audiometer auditor auditorium
visual visible visit vision
精选可编辑ppt
14
Diagram B to classify morphemes
精选可编辑ppt
18
3.4 Morphs and allomorphs
Morphs are the smallest meaningful phonetic segments of an utterance on the level of parole.
morpheme (langue) morph (parole)
精选可编辑ppt
10
3.3 What is morpheme??
• Morpheme is the minimal linguistic sign, a grammatical unit in which there is an arbitrary union of a sound and a meaning and that cannot be further analyzed.
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Chapter 3: Morphology
The study of words
-
3.1 Introductions:
• U.S. fast food giant McDonald's Corp said on Tuesday it would give its Chinese employees their first across-the-board pay rise.
• He spoke in a look-who’s-talking tone.
-
3.1 Introductions:
• He definitely follows his philosophy of anti-internationalization.
• anti-internationalizationism
-
3.1 Introductions:
• Wall Street capped a huge week with a sharp advance Friday after the government's employment report for September and its revision of August's data cooled the market's fears of a recession.
• A long-time Nixon backer, he assumes a dawk stance on the problem.
-
Teaching Contents:
• 1. What is word? • 2. What is morpheme? • 3. The formation of words
dictum
audible audience audiometer auditor auditorium
visual visible visit vision
-
Diagram B to classify morphemes
free
free root
Morpheme
-
3.3 What is morpheme??
• Morpheme is the minimal linguistic sign, a grammatical unit in which there is an arbitrary union of a sound and a meaning and that cannot be further analyzed.
and categorize them with examples.
noun +
Inflectional morpheme
verb+
adj. +
-
Find out the common factor in each group
describe script prescribe inscribe
dictionary dictation prediction dictograph
-
3.2 What is word?
• Word is a minimal free form. • Q: Could you find out some words
which never, by itself, constitute complete utterances ? e.g. ---What is missing in a sentence such as “Dog is barking”?
--- A.
-
What is
3.3
morpheme?
?
• A morpheme is a minimal unit of
meaning or grammatical function.
• Morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical. (胡 壮麟，2001：84）
• dog (one morpheme) cat worker • anti+dis+establish+ment+ari+an+ism
-
Fill in Diagram A
Morpheme
) )
)
-
open class
(
(
closed class
(
)
(
Assignment 1: Please collect the inflectional morphemes in English
-
What3is.2
word?
• The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle defined words as “the smallest significant units of speech”.
-
3.2 What is word?
• Word is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native-speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. (说母语的人对词有种普遍的自觉识别能 力) (胡壮麟，2001：76）
-
Definition of Morphology
• Morphology is the study of the internal structure, forms and classes of words.
• Morphology studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. (胡壮麟， 2001：84）
The study of words
-
3.1 Introductions:
• U.S. fast food giant McDonald's Corp said on Tuesday it would give its Chinese employees their first across-the-board pay rise.
• He spoke in a look-who’s-talking tone.
-
3.1 Introductions:
• He definitely follows his philosophy of anti-internationalization.
• anti-internationalizationism
-
3.1 Introductions:
• Wall Street capped a huge week with a sharp advance Friday after the government's employment report for September and its revision of August's data cooled the market's fears of a recession.
• A long-time Nixon backer, he assumes a dawk stance on the problem.
-
Teaching Contents:
• 1. What is word? • 2. What is morpheme? • 3. The formation of words
dictum
audible audience audiometer auditor auditorium
visual visible visit vision
-
Diagram B to classify morphemes
free
free root
Morpheme
-
3.3 What is morpheme??
• Morpheme is the minimal linguistic sign, a grammatical unit in which there is an arbitrary union of a sound and a meaning and that cannot be further analyzed.
and categorize them with examples.
noun +
Inflectional morpheme
verb+
adj. +
-
Find out the common factor in each group
describe script prescribe inscribe
dictionary dictation prediction dictograph
-
3.2 What is word?
• Word is a minimal free form. • Q: Could you find out some words
which never, by itself, constitute complete utterances ? e.g. ---What is missing in a sentence such as “Dog is barking”?
--- A.
-
What is
3.3
morpheme?
?
• A morpheme is a minimal unit of
meaning or grammatical function.
• Morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical. (胡 壮麟，2001：84）
• dog (one morpheme) cat worker • anti+dis+establish+ment+ari+an+ism
-
Fill in Diagram A
Morpheme
) )
)
-
open class
(
(
closed class
(
)
(
Assignment 1: Please collect the inflectional morphemes in English
-
What3is.2
word?
• The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle defined words as “the smallest significant units of speech”.
-
3.2 What is word?
• Word is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native-speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. (说母语的人对词有种普遍的自觉识别能 力) (胡壮麟，2001：76）
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Definition of Morphology
• Morphology is the study of the internal structure, forms and classes of words.
• Morphology studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. (胡壮麟， 2001：84）