英汉语法术语对照表

英语语法术语（中英对照）

语法grammar

句法syntax

词法morphology

句子sentence

从句clause

词组phrase

词类part of speech

单词word

实词notional word

虚词structural word

单纯词simple word

派生词derivative

复合词compound

词性part of speech

名词noun

专有名词proper noun

普通名词common noun

可数名词countable noun

不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun

具体名词concret noun

物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun

个体名词individual noun

介词preposition

连词conjunction

动词verb

主动词main verb

及物动词transitive verb

不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb

助动词auxiliary verb

情态动词modal verb

规则动词regular verb

不规则动词irregular verb

短语动词phrasal verb

限定动词finite verb

非限定动词infinite verb

使役动词causative verb

感官动词verb of senses

动态动词event verb

静态动词state verb

感叹词exclamation

形容词adjective

原级positive

比较级comparative

最高级superalative

副词adverb

方式副词adverb of manner

程度副词adverb of degree

时间副词adverb of time

地点副词adverb of place

修饰性副词adjunct

连接性副词conjunct

疑问副词interogative adverb

关系副词relative adverb

代词pronoun

人称代词personal pronoun

物主代词possesive pronoun

反身代词reflexive pronoun

相互代词reciprocal pronoun

指示代词demonstrative pronoun

疑问代词interrogative pronoun

关系代词relative pronoun

不定代词indefinite pronoun

物主代词possecive pronoun

名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun

形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词article

定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article

数词numeral

基数词cardinal numeral

序数词ordinal numeral

分数词fractional numeral

形式form

单数形式singular form

复数形式plural form

限定动词finite verb form

非限定动词non-finite verb form

原形base form

从句clause

从属句subordinate clause

并列句coordinate clause

名词从句nominal clause

定语从句attributive clause

状语从句adverbial clause

宾语从句object clause

主语从句subject clause

同位语从句appositive clause

时间状语从句adverbial clause of time

地点状语从句adverbial clause of place

方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner

让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession

原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause

结果状语从句adverbial clause of result

目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose

条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition

真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition

非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition

含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition

错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子sentence

简单句simple sentence

并列句compound sentence

复合句complex sentence

并列复合句compound complex sentence

陈述句declarative sentence

疑问句interrogative sentence

一般疑问句general question

特殊疑问句special question

选择疑问句alternative question

附加疑问句tag question

反义疑问句disjunctive question

修辞疑问句rhetorical question

感叹疑问句exclamatory question 存在句existential sentence

肯定句positive sentence

基本句型basic sentence pattern 否定句negative sentence

祈使句imperative sentence

省略句elliptical sentence

感叹句exclamatory sentence

句子成分members of sentences 主语subject

谓语predicate

宾语object

双宾语dual object

直接宾语direct object

间接宾语indirect object

复合宾语complex object

同源宾语cognate object

补语complement

主补subject complement

宾补object complement

表语predicative

定语attribute

同位语appositive

状语adverbial

句法关系syntactic relationship