安徽大学研究生英语读写译summary and comment
安大研究生公共英语课文summary
Summary上册Unit 1 《how to read a book》本文的中心思想是我们读书也是有方法的，要读好书启发我们的心智，不然就是在浪费时间。
The main idea of this article is that we also have a method to read books, to read good books to enlighten our minds, oris a waste of time.因为人的生命时间有限，而一本好书的价值却可以流芳百世。
Because time is limited, the value of a good book will last forever.那么关于怎样读好书作者讨论了很多，其中谈到了关于文学评论和评论家的问题。
So there's a lot of talk about how to read good writers, and there's a lot of talk about literary criticism and critics.作者认为读书不应该仅仅看这些文学评论家写的书评而忽略了这本书本身带给你的感受。
The author believes that reading should not be about reading the reviews of these literary critics and ignoring how the book makes you feel.在你读诗的时候也会有人给你提建议，这群人自己造诣不高却喜欢批判一切，对任何事物都带有偏见。
You will also be given advice as you read the poems, a group of people who are themselves not very accomplished but like to criticize everything and have a prejudice against everything.对待这群人的最好方式就是置之不理，当他们感觉无法劝动你的时候他们就会放弃。
安徽大学研究生英语读写译 summary and comment 4个单元
------the pleasures of ignoranceThe author began this essay by telling the experience of waking in the morning and finding a fact that he knew practically nothing about any thing. The quantity of the things he knew was limited except his own experience. However he felt no depress about his ignorance,believing that ignorance would be the greatest help to one. Because sometimes memory is not reliable, ignorance does work at this time,for the ignorant man seldom make inaccurate judgment without making an investigation first. So the ignorance would lead us to learn more.As we know, the author’s attitude is solely and optimistic. But should we feel ashamed or pessimistic while realizing that we are ignoran t? Undoubtedl y,one’s knowledge can be out at elbows sometimes, but we can look up in a textbook or the encyclopedia etc. The information can be quickly accessed in various means. What’s more, there is no need toremember too much detail things,such as the mathematical formula, name s. If we always pay attention on those things,they will never be our prides but burden! So the answer of the question mentioned above is obvious.------Exercise is a state of mind“A sound mind in a sound body”,the author begins this essay by t elling a description of a happy state. And throwing out his own p erspective—body and mind healthy are linked together by exercise. Then the author exemplifies scientists’experiments as evidence to prove e xercise has great effects on our healthy. Regular exercise improves our m ood,decreases anxiety,improves sleep,improves resilience in the face of st ress and raise self-esteem. In addition, exercise may have something to do with gene in a certain degree. This may become a gentle nudge to enc ourage us to exercise. Last,the author believes that the type of exercise do esn’t matter too much,more important is the ability to sustain an ex ercise routine.I accept his view of attitude towards exercise. What we concerned is not the form,but to do or not to do. Nowadays,most of us spend too much time in doors,no willing and motivations drive us to do more exercise. As the saying goes: all roads to Rome. Any type and reasonsthat help you feel like exercise and keep you moving,you can insist on it. Besides,we should form the habit of exercise. Continuing exercise is good to our body and mind healthy.Summary and comment (unit 4)----Rags to rags,riches to richesFrom this essay,“American Dream”i s gradually fading with the development of economy,rather than opportunity as the crux, especially for the native. The idea that American is exceptional in its material opportunity is deeply lodged in the culture. And this also has brought so much motivation for the poor. But now pessimistic spirit has come to dominate the national consciousness and the stiffening of America’s economic is worse than the culture. what’s more,America’s dominant position among those western counties is also becoming unobvious, which also lead challenges among peers depend on their parents. So the real focus of an effort to restore social and economic opportunity in America is to get out of poverty. The author’s advice is paying more attention on education.A kind of culture held in esteem has its irreplaceable advantages. Such as American dream, struggle,risk ,self-determination and material progress are its representations. So the sate that rich children stay rich whereas poor children still stay poor can change. However,with the development of the society ,the change of the environment, the culture is hard to keep. What we need to do is to look for means to maintain the culture in order to be ladders out of poverty. I agree with the author’s advice——improve education.Because it’s effective although we need several generations.Summary and comment(unit 5)-----teaching our children about evilThe author began this essay by asking how to understand the definition of “evil”. In the body, creative and destructive potentials wereraised,which would effect people’s behaviors greatly.our creative potential is to enhance and enrich life,but destructive potential has the opposite result.In the end, with such what’s about evil, the author concludes the text by offering some hows as to teaching our children about evil.According to my understanding, on one hand, there is no absolute good or absolute evil. A thing can be good or evil or both at the same t ime;On the other hand, good and evil have no difference in size. We c an’t deny a thing is good just because it’s too small, such as picking up t he rubbish on the road. Or we can’t say a thing is not evil just because it is a small thing, such as spitting everywhere. Finally, I think good and evil can be transformed sometimes. We can’t say one is good or evil forever. In a word, good and evil is a complicated term. The relationship between them is so difficult to define.we should regard them from an ove rall aspect, don’t treat a thing or a person as good or evil too roughly.。
考研必看之翻译和Summary(免费)
TranslationUnit1 Text ATranslation (para 20)那时，我就像一个跳伞员正准备第一次跳伞，舱门打开了，要跳的距离高不见底，谁知道这一跳是令人兴奋陶醉，还是粉身碎骨。
天真无知曾经掩盖了恐惧，突然间要面对现实，天真消失了。
当然，此时此刻，再回头已经不可能。
一想到那是自己的主张，就感到有些荒诞，觉得自己仿佛是地球上唯一的人。
于是，闭上双眼，深深地吸了口气，纵身跳了下去。
Unit3 Text ATranslation (para 1)仅仅两年多以前，总统们和诺贝尔奖得主们纷纷登台为现代生物学领域里最重要的事件喝彩。
由于世界各国同心协力，人类基因组的31亿个碱基已经提前排序成功。
比尔.克林顿总统称之为“人类绘制出的最完美的图谱”。
然而，这一事件余热未消，人们可能会惊讶地听说一场更大的生物学革命，它将使基因组学研究所取得的成就黯然失色，生物学研究将转向更大的物质。
蛋白质组学（即识别蛋白质并了解蛋白质在人体细胞内的作用）开始取代基因研究在生物医学的前沿性地位。
2003年很可能会成为生物医学中的蛋白质组年。
Translation (para 8)2003年将仅仅是蛋白质组研究的开始。
终有一天，我们能够绘制出一个完整的百万个蛋白质功能图谱。
然而，正如血浆蛋白质组项目所展现的那样，即使是在蛋白质分类的初始阶段，我们也将受益匪浅。
而且，如果竞争极其激烈的人类基因组研究所取得的出人意料的技术飞跃能为后来的研究提供依据，蛋白质组的分类图谱等研究会比我们预想的更快一些完成。
Cloning studies are challenging many orthodox views in genetics. A common idea is that hu man behavior and even our complex society are somehow “determined” by our genes. Socialists have always challenged this simplistic viewpoint, pointing out that humans long ago broke free of evolution.克隆研究正在挑战人们对于基因的许多传统认识。
安徽大学研究生英语上册summary—原创
安大研究生英语上册summaryUNIT1Josph Brosky puts himself very clearly in the text.how to read a book.Many books are less limited than ourselves,many writers write a good book through all their lives.therefore,in literature good is defined by its distinction from bad.our readers ought to pick up good books that bring the human predicament into its sharpest possibly focus.the man so called literary criticism all have their limit.the writer accounts poem an a way to develop good taste in literature. he think it as the supreme form of human locution .for it isconcise and offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation.A man who used to read poetry may have no interest in bad prose.The writer explain his opinion clearly in the text lies.the text can be divided into three parts.Although we all be taught not tu tell lies since our childhood.we can not deny the fact that people tell lies from time to time for different reason.People may tell white lies ro protect their friend, their friend,their family,or even just for themselves.Religions always tell lies to offer people the hope of life. the government may tell lies to ensure their manipulate of encomy .Lies around us everywhere ,it directs our thoughts and actions everyday and we may never doubt big lies to comfort ourselves.most people want sth moreconsoling than terrible facts.peopleneed big lies because lying disguses our morlatity,our indueques ,our fears and anxiety ,our loneliness in the midst of crowd ,we can nor live without lies. John F. kennedy is the 35th president of America.He gave this speech on his inaugural day.I think this exciting inaugural address can be divided into three parts.In the first part,K commit to do what the oath said although the world is different.Heshou his comfidence to maintain human rights and the sucdess of liberty.He speaks to many kinds of people in the second part.he pledge the loyality offairhful friend,shouws whlcome to the new states ,and pledge them besr efforts to help the struggling national,he offers a special pledge to the south of America that he hopes to convent good words into good deeds.he renews his pledge of support to the United Nations.he even speaks to their hostile state for peace.In the third pare,he calls for citizen to do sth”Ask not what Amer ica will do for you,but whar together we can do for the freedom of man”In the article ,the writer light the necessity for recession-proofing our career and gives his stratergies for recession proofing our career.he thinks our world as a TempWorle .everyone of us may be influenced by it,so all of us should be a career activist .The first strategy is to ensure our employability.he adviced us to currency ability,then create a fallback position in case we have to change our mind-set.knowing our key skills will help us to know ourselves well.being prepared for areas of competence will shorten the time we stepping in a new filed .he also advice us to build a knowledge netork and market ourselves in an opporiate way.As for our thought,we should learn to feel good about ourselves and to act ambitiousResilience is very important for every of us .At last,saty culturally current will benefits us a lot no matter in what case.。
2002年安徽大学318基础英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2002年安徽大学318基础英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. (10%)1. As the boat bound for Nanjing leaves only on _____ days, we had no choice but to stay in the hotel overnight.A. alternativeB. separateC. alternateD. successive【答案】C【解析】句意：开往南京的火车隔天才发，我们除了整晚呆在旅馆别无选择。
alternative 供选择的；交替的。
separate单独的；分开的。
alternate交替的；轮流的。
successive 连续的；依次的。
on alternate days属于固定搭配，意为“隔天”。
故正确答案为C。
2. I’d like to buy the radio, but I haven’t got any money on me at the moment. Could you _____ for me for a day or two?A. put it outB. put it byC. take it inD. lay it in【答案】B【解析】句意：我想买这台收音机，但我现在没钱，能帮我留上一天两天吗？put out扑灭。
put by放在旁边。
take in理解。
lay in躺在……上。
根据句意可知，put it by最为符合。
故正确答案为B。
3. The novelist is a highly _____ person with great talent.A. imaginativeB. imaginableC. imaginaryD. imaginal【答案】A【解析】句意：这位小说家是一个极富想象力的人，具有非凡的才能。
安徽大学研究生读写译教程课文总结翻译答案上册（全）
安徽大学研究生读写译教程课文总结翻译答案上册（全）第一篇：安徽大学研究生读写译教程课文总结翻译答案上册(全) Unit OneText A How to Read A BookIntroductory Remarks ―Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.‖ Francis Bacon warned readers several hundred years ago.However, what are the criteria for those books to be ―chewed and digested?‖ How to tell good literature from bad literature? On these issues, people don‘t seem to have reached an agreement.In the article, Nobel laureate Joseph Brodsky first states that people‘s life is generally much shorter than books, and that it is important for people to select good books to read.Yet, the author further argues that selecting good books from the ocean of literary works is no easy job;even book reviewers can‘t help much.In the end, the author suggests that reading poetry is the way to develop good taste in literature, because it is the supreme form of human locution, the most concise way of conveying the human experience, and offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation.Text-related Information1.The Last Judgment The last judgment(sometime referred to as universal judgment)is a firmly held belief of Roman Catholicism.Immediately upon death each soul undergoes a particular judgment, and, depending upon the state of that person's soul, goes to heaven, purgatory, or hell.The last judgment will occur after the resurrection of the dead and the reuniting of a person's soul with his or her own physical body.At the time of the last judgment Christ will come in his glory, and allthe angels with him, and in his presence the truth of each man's relationship with God will be laid bare, and each person who has ever lived will be judged with perfect justice.Those already in heaven will remain in heaven;those already in hell will remain in hell;and those in purgatory will be released into heaven.The Roman Catholic Church holds no doctrinal position on the fate of those in Limbo.Following the last judgment, the bliss of heaven and the pains of hell will be perfected in that those present will also be capable of physical bliss/pain.After the last judgment the universe itself will be renewed with a new heaven and a new earth.2.The rhetoric “anticlimax”In rhetoric, climax is a figure of speech, in which words, phrases, or clauses are arranged in order of increasing importance.Climax comes from the Greek word for “ladder”.Examples:There are three things that will endure: faith, hope, and love.But the greatest of these is love.“I think we've reached a point of great decision, not just for our nation, not only for all humanity, but for life upon the earth.” George Wald A Generation in Search of a Future, March 4, 1969.“...Lost, vaded, broken, dead within an hour.William Shakespeare, The Passionate Pilgrim, XIII.”...the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.“ Martin Luther King, I Have a Dream.Similarly an anticlimax is an abrupt declension(either deliberate or unintended)on the part of a speaker or writer from the dignity of the idea which he appeared to be aiming at;as in the following well-known distich:---”The great Dalhousie, he, the god of war, Lieutenant-colonel to the earl of Mar.“An anticlimax can be intentionally employed only for ajocular or satiric purpose.It frequently partakes of the nature of antithesis, as in，”Die and endow a college or a cat.“3.Belles lettresBelles letters(from the French for literature, literally ”fine letters“)refers to literature that is appreciated for the beauty, artistry, and originality of its style and tone rather than for its ideas and informational content.Earlier the term was synonymous with literature, referring particularly to fiction, poetry, drama, criticism, and essays.However, belletristic literature has come to mean light, artificial writing and essays extolling the beauties of nguage Points1.On the whole, books are less limited than ourselves.Often they sit on the shelves absorbing dust long after the writer has turned into a handful of dust---and it is precisely the appetite for this posthumous dimension that sets one‟s pen in motion.On the whole, books have longer lives than the writers who write them.Long after the writer has died, his or her books may remain on bookshelves absorbing dust.It is due to the desire to be remembered after death that motivates the author to write continuously.2.So as we toss and turn these rectangular objects in our hands we won‟t be terribly amiss if we surmise that we fondle, as it were, the urns with our returning ashes.Therefore, when we take a book in our hands, it is not totally wrong for us to think that we are, actually, handling the urn containing our own ashes.amiss adj.: not functioning properly;e.g.A few words of introduction may not come amiss.Is there anything amiss?surmise v: infer from incomplete evidence;e.g.We surmised that he must have had an accident.There‘s so little to go on, we can only surmise what happened.n.: a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidencee.g.His surmise proved correct.Your first surmise was right.3.Whoever said that to philosophize is an exercise in dying was right in more ways than one, for by writing a book nobody gets younger.Some people say that to think philosophically is to experience the process of death.That is right in many aspects, as in the process of writing a book, the author only gets older and older.philosophize v.: conduct philosophical thinking;reason philosophically e.g., They spend their time philosophizing about the mysteries of life.a tendency to philosophize about racial harmony4.The paradox, however, lies in the fact that in literature “good” is defined by its distinction from “bad”.But, what seems contradictory is that in literature good works are identified by its distinction from bad works, i.e., a piece of work is good because it is not bad.5.That‟s what may constitute bad literature ‟s best defense at the Last Judgment.That may be the reason why there exist so many pieces of bad literature.6.Of course, there is no denying the pleasure of holding up with a fat, slow-moving, mediocre novel;but in the end, we read not for reading‟s sake but to learn.Of course, there is pleasure of some kind in reading a thick, lengthy and ordinary novel;but in the end, we do not read just for the sake of reading but read for learning something.there is no denying: it cannot be denied;one cannot deny the fact that e.g.There is no denying the enjoyment of a vacation after long period of hard work..There is no denying the fact that he is a faithful husband.7.Hence the need for the works that bring the human predicament into its sharpest possible focus.Hence, too, the need for some compass in the ocean of available printed matter.Therefore, we need to read works that reflect the puzzle of human beings.We also need some guidance in search of goodworks among all the books ever printed.bring … into focus: make something sharply visible;make something clear and understandable e.g.I adjusted the binoculars until I brought the bird sharply into focus.Please try to bring your major point into focus earlier in the essay.8.…he can have strong predilections for a certain kind of writing or simply be on the take with the publishing industry …he may have his own preference for a certain kind of writing or he may gain some profit from the publishing houses(by recommending books published by those publishing houses).on the take: taking or seeking to take bribes or illegal income;e.g.There were policemen on the take.The mayor is reported to have been on the take with the real estate enterprise.9.The alternative, therefore, would be to develop your own taste, to build your own compass, to familiarize yourself, as it were, with particular stars and constellations---dim or bright but always remote.Therefore, what you can do is develop your own judgment, establish your own criteria for guidance, familiarize yourself with particular authors or writers who may serve as guiders.These artists may be well or little known, but regardless they are always set apart.10.This, however, takes a hell of a lot of time and you may easily find yourself old and grey, heading for the exit with a lousy volume under your arm.However, this will take you a lot of time, so much so that when you are old and coming to the end of your life, you still cannot find the guidance for selecting good books and end up reading the ordinary ones.heading for the exit: coming to the end of one‘s lifelousy adj.: very bad;mean;contemptible;e.g.The food was lousy and there was not enough of it.He wrote only lousy poems.11.The source of the suggestion to come belongs to thecategory of people for whom literature has always been a matter of some hundred names;to the people who feel awkward at large gatherings, do not dance at parties, tend to find metaphysical excuses for adultery, and are finicky about discussing politics;the people who dislike themselves far more than their detractors do;who still prefer alcohol and tobacco to heroin or marijuana.The source of the following suggestion belongs to those people for whom literature has always been just a list of some hundred authors;to those people who feel ill at ease at large gatherings, do not dance at parties, tend to find philosophical excuses for adultery, and are fussy about discussing politics;to those people who dislike themselves even more than those who belittle them do;to those people who still prefer alcohol and tobacco to drugs.12.“one will not find on the barricades and who never shoot themselves or their lover”.―those who won‘t be found to participate in street demonstrations and who never kill themselves or their lovers‖.13.If such people occasionally find themselves swimming in their blood on the floor of prison cells or speaking from a platform, it is because they object not to some particular injustice but the order of the whole world as a whole.If those people are found to be killed in a prison or are making a public speech on a platform, that‘s not becaus e they object to any specific injustice but because they are against the general order of the whole world.14.They have no illusions about the objectivity of their views;on the contrary, they insist on their unpardonable subjectivity.They are very clear that their views are not objective, and they stick to their subjective views even though it is inexcusable to do so.15.… they consider vulnerability the primary trait of living matter.… they think that susceptibility to injury orattack is the attribute of all living things.16.This has less to do with masochistic tendencies than with their instinctive knowledge that extreme subjectivity, prejudice, and indeed idiosyncrasy are what help art to avoid cliché.This is not because they have the tendency to derive pleasure from being abused, but because they instinctively believe that extreme subjectivity, prejudice and idiosyncrasy are the best ways for art to avoid being ordinary.17.I am no union man.I do not belong to any literary association.18.The point is that being the supreme form of human locution, poetry is not only the most concise way of conveying the human experience;it also offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation---especially one on paper.The point is that, as the most advanced form of human language, poetry is not only the most concise way of expressing the human experience, but it also sets up the highest standards for all other language forms, especially for the written language.19.A child of epitaph and epigram, poetry is a great disciplinarian to prose.Derived from epitaph and epigram, poetry sets the standards for prose.20.It teaches the latter not only the value of each word but also the mercurial mental patterns of the species, alternatives to linear composition, the knack of omitting the self-evident, emphasis on detail, the technique of anticlimax.It teaches prose not only the value of each word but also thinking patterns outside the linear composition, techniques of omitting self-evident parts, of emphasizing the details, and of the use of anticlimax.mercurial adj.: changeable;varying e.g.a mercurial natureShe has a mercurial turn of conversation.In Roman mythology, Mercury was a messenger, and a god of trade, profit and commerce.Mercury has influenced the name of a number ofthings in a variety of scientific fields, such as the planet Mercury, and the element mercury.The word mercurial is commonly used to refer to something or someone erratic, volatile or unstable, derived from Mercury's swift flights from place to place.knack n.: a special skill, talent, or ability;e.g.a knack for making clothesHe‘s got the knack of getting people to listen.anticlimax n: a disappointing decline after a previous rise e.g.It was sad that his international career should end so anticlimactically.21.Above all, poetry develops in prose that appetite for metaphysics which distinguishes a work of art from mere belles letters.Most important of all, poetry directs prose toward the metaphysical forms, and it is in this pursuit that good literature becomes distinguished from bad literature.22.All I am trying to do is to be practical and spare your eyesight and brain cells a lot of useless printed matter.All I am trying to do is to be of some practical use to you and help you avoid those useless books.spare v.: refrain from harming;save or relieve from an experience or action e.g.I can't spare him today we need everybody here.The hotel staff spared no pains to ensure that our stay was as enjoyable as possible.It was a horrible accident---I'll spare you the details.23.All you have to do is to arm yourselves with the works of poets in your mother tongue, preferably from the first half of this century, and you will be in great shape.All you have to do is to read the works of poets in your mother tongue, especially the poets from the first half of this century, and you will gain the most from reading.be in shape: be in good health;strong and healthy;fit.e.g.Bob exercises frequently, so he's in good condition.If I were in shape, I could run faster and farther.I'm really overweight.I have to try to get into shape.24.If, after going through the works of any of these, you drop a book of prosepicked from the shelf, it won‟t be your fault.After you have read the works of any of these poets, if you cannot keep on reading a book of prose taken randomly from the bookshelf, it won‘t be your fault.(Here, the author implies thatthe prose does not measure up to the standards of the works of those poets.)25.If you continue to read it, that will be to the author‟s credit: that will mean that this author has something to add to the truth about our existence.If you can go on with the reading, the author, then, is worth reading, and it also means that this author has provided us with some truth about our lives.to sb.‟s credit: worthy of praise;in one‘s namee.g.It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money you found;your honesty does you credit.It is to my credit to help those in want.Key to Exercises prehension 1.Often books sit on the shelves absorbing dust long after the writer has turned into a handful of dust./ Books remain on the shelves absorbing dust long after the writer has died.2.Because, according to the author, good literature is defined by its distinction from bad literature.That is to say, good literature is good because it is not bad, and bad literature is bad because it is not good.This is rather paradoxical.3.Since we are all moribund, and since reading books is time-consuming, we need a compass in the ocean of books.If we do not have such a compass, it is difficult for us to find the right books to read.4.a.he can be a hack, as ignorant as ourselves;b.he can have strong preference for a certain kind of writing or simply take bribery from the publishing house;c.he might turn his review writing into an independent art form.5.If he had been a publisher, he would be putting on the books‘ covers not only their authors‘ names but also the exactage at which they composed this or that work.By so doing, he would enable readers to decide whether they care to consider the views of a book written by a person so much younger or so much older than themselves.6.This group of people are special because literature has always been a matter of some hundred names to them, because they feel awkward at large gatherings, do not dance at parties, tend to find metaphysical excuses for adultery, and are finicky about discussing politics;because they dislike themselves far more than their detractors do;because they still prefer alcohol and tobacco to drugs.These people w on‘t participate in demonstrations, and they won‘t shoot themselves or their lovers.7.These people are unpardonably subjective in their views.8.The author suggests that the best way to develop good taste in literature is to read poetry.In the authors point of view, poetry is a great disciplinarian to prose and teaches the latter not only the value of each word but also the mercurial mental patterns of the species, alternatives to linear composition, the knack of omitting the self-evident, emphasis on detail, and the technique of anticlimax.9.If you believe in what the author says, all you have to do is to read the works of poets in your mother tongue, preferably from the first half of this century.10.It means that the book, which has added something to the truth about our existence, is worth reading.It would also mean, at the same time, that you have developed an incurable addiction to reading which is good for your life.II.Vocabulary 1.dimension 2.idiosyncratic 3.reckon 4.stance 5.lousy 6.paradox 7.debunk 8.disciplinary 9.semblance 10.vulnerableIII.Phrases 1.on the take 2.headed for 3.to his credit 4.putting…on;putting on 5.might as well 6.armed with 7.in more ways than one 8.act in IV.Error detection and correction 1.thegreatest problems 2.in which 改成 which 3.credited 改成 credited with 4.Greatly high 改成 High 5.stood改成 standing 6.any other student 7.as much 改成as many 8.Though remembered 9.considering 改成 to consider 10.that they got 改成did they getV.Cloze 1.shaped 2.desperate 3.objectivity 4.hierarchies 5.expected 6.chiefly 7.driven 8.unimpeachable 9.evaluate 10.perspective 11.industrial 12.affiliation 13.sponsors 14.support 15.acknowledgementText A 的参考译文论读书（赵亚莉译）总的来说，书本的寿命要比我们自己长。
自学习安徽大学研究生英语上册 1-5单元期末考试Summary and comment
1、《How to read a book》In this passage,Joseph talks about how to read a book. He develops this article in three parts,the difficulty in finding good books,the significance of poetry and the suggestion to read poetry. The author speaks highly of reading various books. Especially ,the poetry. And he believes that the truth is literature started with poetry. Reading books is time-consuming. In order to save our time and energy,we really need to find good and suitable books.As we know, books have become necessary parts in our daily life.various worlds showed in these books,such as,the charm of Tibet, the friendship between two girls etc. But how to chose books? Taking this problem into consideration ,in my view, a right direction ,biograph or traveling is important. Of course,you can read those types in your leisure time,but not all the time.our own special fields also could not be ignored. About poetry,the author showed us lots of the hows and whys. But to be the truth,I don’t like poetry. Most of the time,the meaning of the poetry is too obscure to understand. But I’m in favor of the author’s viewpoint. If we have interests in poetry,it maybe a wise advice.2、《Recession-proofing your career》To keep a threat awareness in mind and acting for your career are the primary idea of this article. The author develops this text into 2 parts: the necessity for recession-proofing your career and strategies for protecting your career.First, know yourself,including the key skills and the areas of competence. This is the first and a necessary part before embarking on entirely your career. Then, marketing yourself. No one willing to refuse a Mr.right in the career,so do you .Finding right platforms ,you can realize your value. The author also throws out a problem:if you lost main source of income tomorrow ,could you fine an alternate source to replace it? In addition to pursue learning and development opportunities, we also can create a fallback position and stay culturally current to ensure your employability in the future. Moreover,as all we know, we could not hold one careerwithout any obstacle. Rather than being defeated by failure,we must learn from those setbacks and use them to your advantages in the future.Finally ,act type A,think type B, that is thinking and recognizing yourself once again and again. It seems a cycle from knowing yourself to recognize once again in the whole career life.Nowadays, with the fast-shifting of the economic, we are really all living and working in a TempWorld. Preparing before happening never is not a wise idea.3、《Lies》“Lies”is a typical critical article about whether we can tell lies in our daily life. The author uses abundant examples to convey the existence and necessity for lies and shows his own opinion —mankind must have lies and the bigger the better. To understand this attitude,we must look at the way the author how writes the passage. The author began the essay by telling the fact that although people usually have many negative views about lies,but we tell lies form time to time. Then the body gives us lots of reasons why we need lies sometimes,such as in order to maintain the stability of society,ruling the religion etc.I was impressed by the sentence—“Art is a lie that tells the truth”.if someone is not willing to admit he/she have told lies,the facts itself is a lie. People must have told lies for different reasons and in different environments in our past ages. We know the choice between lies and truth decided mainly bases on our purposes. And we prefer to believe lies ,because truth may be frightening. But I just agree the author’s views in a certain degree. Because lies can make the betterment of the world,but can never make the world.4、《Don’t let complexity stop you》The author begins his speech with the life in Harvard many years ago. It takes decades for him to find out that the highest human achievement is reducing inequity. However,reducing inequity is a too complex task, so it is easy to surrender to complexity and quit. The author takes it as an example and tells those graduates: Don’t let complexity stop you. To understand this view,we must look at the way the author how deal with complex problems.When we come across an problem, BillGates shows us how to analyze and slove it. Three points: seeing a problem,finding a solution and caring the impact.Bill Gates sincerely give the young graduates a advise:everyone can take on a complex problem and become a specialist on it. Don’t let complexity stop you. This sentence also can be regarded as our motto in our life or work. There are no doubts that various difficulties occur in the future.But escaping frustrations is humanities’nature,which also gives us an explanation about those complains, that is, why i give up halfway once agin? So if you anticipate a wonderful life without any pities.we should really see a problem and cutting through complexity to find a solution.5、《The riddle of time》The author firstly questioned how to define the “time”. But body can find a good definition so far. Time remains a riddle that exists only in our minds. Then the author uses the presentation of time—clock as the main line to tell us time’s development. Clock contains all the wisdom of human beings. In the body of this article, the author lists many famous and influential clocks,such as water clock,pendulum clock,atomic clock ,nature’s clock and body clock. In the end,with such question—have we become slaves to the clock. The author concludes the text by offering david landes’opinion and his own views.What’s the real definition of time? The answer may vary from people and people. Time is a simple but complex concept for everybody. All of us contact with it all the time,which also instructs our life and work. So there is no need to spend all your life to think about it. Because finally we are still in control of how we use time and how it affects us.。
2011年安大研究生英语上册英语课后题及答案
第一单元II. Vocabularydimension paradox semblance lousy reckonStance vulnerability idiosyncrasy disciplinary debunk1.It was only later that the aesthetic of literary study became emphasized with anaccompanying concentration on the fictional genres.2.Some might think this a rather approach to a primarily theoretical topic, but it seemsappropriate to this book.3.But we now have to with the fact that the peculiar essence of a human being isrationality, that is, each human essence is some particular form of rationality.4.The that local leaderships had taken had enormous public support, expressed both inthe number prepared to take part in public meetings and in opinion polls.5.Sometimes it's difficult to separate out the consequences of abuse per se from theconsequences of ________ emotional environment, or from the consequences of neglect and deprivation.6.It is the ultimate ________ of this highly academic school of fiction that it defies all the usualrules of academic scrupulosity, as if fiction were a breaking-out, a holiday from cares.7.There are numerous ways to ________ the myths, not the least of which is to simply stop andthink carefully about them.8. A governing, advisory, or ________ body of some colleges and universities composed offaculty members and sometimes student representatives.9.In spite of efforts to give some ________ of fair treatment to the ordinary sailor, no radicalimprovement in the methods or rate of payment was made until after the mutinies of 1797. 10.People with disabilities and other ________ populations should develop their ownemergency plans as well as establish support groups at community level.III. Phrasesin more ways than one act in on the take (with) head formay (might) as well arm with to sb’s credit put on1.In a well-known British newspaper, a writer argued recently that ―industry is caught in a webof bribery‖ and that everyone is ―________‖.2.Seconds after his name was called Saturday night, he hugged everyone important in his life— coaches and family — let out a deep, deep sigh and ________ the podium.3.Woods realized the investors were mostly interested in their net worth and that any increasein their net worth would be ________ in the eyes of his benefactors.4.The cupboards are useful for ______ a reading lamp ______, and of course a dressing table isimportant, with a nice big mirror for doing your hair and ________ the make-up.nguage tests ________ involve objective tests as well as subjective tests, which can fullydemonstrate testees’ linguistic competence.6.An Air Force B-52 bomber was reported to fly across the central United States yesterday with six cruisemissiles ________ nuclear warheads.7.Venice is fragile ________; it is so unique that it requires a special kind of protection.8.The new Act also allows a director of a subsidiary to ________ the best interests of itsholding company even when it may not be in the best interests of the company.V. Clozeexpect drive unimpeachable industrial evaluateperspective shape chiefly objectivity sponsoraffiliation hierarchies acknowledgment support desperateKnowing who wrote a book helps you judge its quality and understand its full significance.Authors are people. Like anyone else, their views are ____1____ by their educations, their jobs, their early lives, and the rest of their experiences. Also like anyone else, they have prejudices, blind spots, ____2____ moments, failings, and desires --- as well as insights, brilliance, ____3____, and successes. All of this comes into play.Most authors belong to organizations: universities, corporations, governments, newspapers, magazines. These organizations each have distinct cultures, ____4____ of power, and social norms. Organizations shape both how a work is written and the content of what it says. For example, university professors are ____5____ to write books and/or journal articles in order to get tenure. These pieces of writing must meet certain standards of quality, defined ____6____ by other professors; for them, content usually matters more than good writing. Journalists, by contrast, are often ____7____ by deadlines and the need to please large audiences. Because of this, their standards of quality are often directed more toward clear and engaging writing than toward ____8____ content; their sources are usually oral rather than written.The more you know about the author and his/her organization, the better you will be able to ____9____ what you read. Try to answer quest ions like these: what shaped the author’s intellectual ____10____? What is his or her profession? Is the author an academic, a journalist, a professional (doctor, lawyer, ____11____ scientist, etc.)? Expertise? Other books and articles?Intellectual network(s)? Gender? Race? Class? Political ____12____? Why did the author decide to write this book? When? For what audience(s)? Who paid for the research work (private foundations, government grant agencies, industrial ____13____, etc.)? Who wrote ―jacket blurb s‖ in ____14_____ of the book?You can often (though not always) learn about much of this from the ____15____, the bibliography, and the author’s biographical statement.Exercise: Translate the following Chinese into English or English into Chinese.1. Why are some people argumentative and domineering, while others are shy and hesitant? … Why are some people greedy, selfish, and cynical, while others are easy to get along with?2. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly acceleratedprogram for scientific and technological co-operation, aimed at widespread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man, such as nutrition, shelter, communications, health and sanitation.(from the United Nations documents)3. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.4. In his autobiography, Darwin points out modestly that he always experienced much difficulty inexpressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation.当前，正在进行以课程教材改革为核心的教育改革，改革的中心目标是变应试教育为素质教育。
安徽大学研究生英语上册12356的课后习题翻译
Unit One Text A How to Read A Book1. Why are some people argumentative and domineering, while others are shy and hesitant?... Why are some people greedy, selfish , and cynical ,while others are easy to get along with?1.为什么有些人强词夺理，专横跋扈，而另一些人却羞羞答答，优柔寡断？……为什么有些人贪婪自私，玩世不恭，而另一些人却平易近人？2. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly accelerated program for scientific and technological co-operation , aimed at widespread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man ,such as nutrition ,shelter ,communications ,health and sanitation.2.从发展中国家的观点来看，下一个十年应有一个大力加速科学技术合作的纲领，旨在广泛传播技术以满足人们诸如营养、住宅、交通、卫生保健之类的基本需要。
3. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories ,it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.3.尽管律师的见解和反应可能会提升新闻报道的质量，但记者最好凭借自己对该新闻意义的理解做出自己的判断。
自学习安徽大学研究生英语上册-1-5单元期末考试Summary-and-comment
Summary-and-comment1、《How to read a book》In this passage,Joseph talks about how to read a book. He develops this article in three parts,the difficulty in finding good books,the significance of poetry and the suggestion to read poetry. The author speaks highly of reading various books. Especially ,the poetry. And he believes that the truth is literature started with poetry. Reading books is time-consuming. In order to save our time and energy,we really need to find good and suitable books.As we know, books have become necessary parts in our daily life.various worlds showed in these books,such as,the charm of Tibet, the friendship between two girls etc. But how to chose books? Taking this problem into consideration ,in my view, a right direction ,biograph or traveling is important. Of course,you can read those types in your leisure time,but not all the time.our own special fields also could not be ignored. About poetry,the author showed us lots of the hows and whys. But to be the truth,I don’t like poetry. Most of the time,the meaning of the poetry is too obscure to understand. But I’m in favor of the author’s viewpoint. If we have interests in poetry,it maybe a wise advice.2、《Recession-proofing your career》To keep a threat awareness in mind and acting for your career are the primary idea of this article. The author develops this text into 2 parts: the necessity for recession-proofing your career and strategies for protecting your career.First, know yourself,including the key skills and the areas of competence. This is the first and a necessary part before embarking on entirely your career. Then, marketing yourself. No one willing to refuse a Mr.right in the career,so do you .Finding right platforms ,you can realize your value. The author also throws out a problem:if you lost main source of income tomorrow ,could you fine an alternate source to replace it? In addition to pursue learning and development opportunities,Summary-and-commentwe also can create a fallback position and stay culturally current to ensure your employability in the future. Moreover,as all we know, we could not hold one career without any obstacle. Rather than being defeated by failure,we must learn from those setbacks and use them to your advantages in the future.Finally ,act type A,think type B, that is thinking and recognizing yourself once again and again. It seems a cycle from knowing yourself to recognize once again in the whole career life.Nowadays, with the fast-shifting of the economic, we are really all living and working in a TempWorld. Preparing before happening never is not a wise idea.3、《Lies》“Lies”is a typical critical article about whether we can tell lies in our daily life. The author uses abundant examples to convey the existence and necessity for lies and shows his own opinion —mankind must have lies and the bigger the better. To understand this attitude,we must look at the way the author how writes the passage. The author began the essay by telling the fact that although people usually have many negative views about lies,but we tell lies form time to time. Then the body gives us lots of reasons why we need lies sometimes,such as in order to maintain the stability of society,ruling the religion etc.I was impressed by the sentence—“Art is a lie that tells the truth”.if someone is not willing to admit he/she have told lies,the facts itself is a lie. People must have told lies for different reasons and in different environments in our past ages. We know the choice between lies and truth decided mainly bases on our purposes. And we prefer to believe lies ,because truth may be frightening. But I just agree the author’s views in a certain degree. Because lies can make the betterment of the world,but can never make the world.4、《Don’t let complexity stop you》The author begins his speech with the life in Harvard many years ago. It takesSummary-and-commentdecades for him to find out that the highest human achievement is reducing inequity. However,reducing inequity is a too complex task, so it is easy to surrender to complexity and quit. The author takes it as an example and tells those graduates: Don’t let complexity stop you. To understand this view,we must look at the way the author how deal with complex problems.When we come across an problem, Bill Gates shows us how to analyze and slove it. Three points: seeing a problem,finding a solution and caring the impact.Bill Gates sincerely give the young graduates a advise:everyone can take on a complex problem and become a specialist on it. Don’t let complexity stop you. This sentence also can be regarded as our motto in our life or work. There are no doubts that various difficulties occur in the future.But escaping frustrations is humanities’nature,which also gives us an explanation about those complains, that is, why i give up halfway once agin? So if you anticipate a wonderful life without any pities.we should really see a problem and cutting through complexity to find a solution.5、《The riddle of time》The author firstly questioned how to define the “time”. But body can find a good definition so far. Time remains a riddle that exists only in our minds. Then the author uses the presentation of time—clock as the main line to tell us time’s development. Clock contains all the wisdom of human beings. In the body of this article, the author lists many famous and influential clocks,such as water clock,pendulum clock,atomic clock ,nature’s clock and body clock. In the end,with such question—have we become slaves to the clock. The author concludes the text by offering david landes’opinion and his own views.What’s the real definition of time? The answer may vary from people and people. Time is a simple but complex concept for everybody. All of us contact with it all the time,which also instructs our life and work. So there is no need to spend all your life to think about it. Because finally we are still in control of how we use time and how itSummary-and-comment affects us.。
安徽大学研究生公共英语期末考试复习资料(课文翻译和习题答案)
第一单元论读书（赵亚莉译）总的来说，书本的寿命要比我们自己长。
常常是写书的人早已化为了一堆黄土而其著作却依旧立在书架上积聚尘土，但恰恰是死后占有这一席之地的欲望促使人们笔耕不坠。
所以，当我们手中摆弄和翻动这些方块形物体的时候，设想我们手里抚弄的不是具体的书本，而是盛着我们自己回归大地的骨灰的瓮，那也没什么不对。
毕竟，写一本书投入进去的，说到底是一个人只有一次的生命。
有人说过进行哲学思考就是一步步趋向死亡。
不管是谁说的，这种说法从几种意义来说都是有道理的，因为一个人绝不会因为写一本书而变年轻。
同样读一本书也不会使人更年轻。
既然如此，我们自然倾向于读好书。
然而，困难在于文学中的“好”是通过区别“坏”来鉴定的。
此外，要写出一本好书，一个作家必须阅读大量平庸读物，否则他是没法找到必要的写作标准的。
这可能就会为坏文学作品在最后审判日为自己辩护的最佳理由。
既然我们精力不济，既然读书很耗费时间，我们就必须找出一个能让我们至少表面上省时省力的方法来。
当然不可否认长时间读一本厚厚的、情节发展缓慢的平庸小说所带来的乐趣，但我们最终目的毕竟不是为读书而读书，而是为了学到点什么。
因此，我们需要一些最大限度地浓缩人生矛盾困境的作品，需要一些在浩如烟海的书籍中类似指南针一样的作品。
当然，这个指南针的职责是由文学评论及评论家们来担当的。
不幸的是，指南针的针摆动得太没谱了。
对某些人来说它指北，而对另一些人来说却是指南。
评论家的问题有三：第一，他可能是个作品低劣的平庸文人，而且就和我们自己一样无知；第二，他可能对某一类作品特别偏爱或者干脆从出版社得到好处；第三，如果他是一个有才华的作家的话，他会将他的评论写成一篇独立于原作的文学作品，在这一点上乔治·路易斯·博尔赫斯就是一个典型例子。
结果，你可能会只读他的评论而不去管他评论的那本书了。
无论何种情况，你都会发现自己漂流在海洋中，紧紧抓住一只你不知道它能漂浮多久的木筏。
安大研究生英语下学期课程summary
Unit One“The End of Something", by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story about two young people who witness how time can change the world and the people in it. The broken mill represents Nick and Marjorie's broken relationship. Once, the mill was the center of the town. The town was a place full of activity. In the present of the story, as the time passed by, the mill lies deserted, as does the relationship between Nick and Marjorie. we can clearly see that time can change everything , when they cannot stay young forever, so the weak foundation of their relationship is torn down and left in pieces. Even though they will meet one day, the love is not there, because the two lovers have their own understanding of love. Just as the story says“the fish wil l not strike anymore, and love is not fun anymore.” The good old past feeling isn't good enough anymore, even one of the lovers does not want give up on catching the love, and still clings to what is left and still hopes for the best. The past has become past, only can we cherish the good memory. What one must focus on is what is, now, and what is to come, tomorrow. One must look beyond what was and look for the love belongs to them.Unit twoIn a general sense, ignorance is a derogatory word. In dictionary, the mean of “ignorance” is “lack of knowledge or information”. Ignorance is a condition or state where a person ignores, disregards, or overlooks knowledge about something. It is when the person is uninformed, is uneducated aboutsomething.At the beginning of the article, the author felt sad of his current store of knowledge after many years’ expensive education. He thought a person would feel comfortable when a he was ignorant. At the end of the article, it suddenly occurred to the author when he has gone his way calm and happy, he may be the only one who is ignorant, for anyone will not admit that he is a ignorant person.No matter how hard we learn, we can’t learn to the end of knowledge. So there is no limit to knowledge, we are all ignorant in this sense. Ignorance is a two-sided coin. From the good side, if we admit our ignorance, we can learn more and improve ourselves in our jobs, ability, and other fields. If we are ignorant and we don’t admit it, we will fall behind the person who admits his ignorance. So in my point of view, whether our ignorance is good or bad, our attitude is a crucial factor.Unit three Summary and commentExercise is a state of mindA sound mind in a sound body, the author begins this essay by telling a description of a happy state. And throwing out his own perspective-body and mind healthy are linked together by exercise. then the author exemplifies scientists’ experiments as evidence to prove exercise has grate effects on our healthy. regular exercise improves our mood, decreses anxiety, improves sleep, improves resilence in the face of stress and raise self-esteem. inaddition, exercise may have something to do with gene in certain degree .this may become gentle nudge to encourage us to exercise .last the author believes that the type of exercise doesn’t matter too much, more important is the ability to sustain an exercise routine .I accept his view of attitude towards exercise. what we concerned is not the form, but to do or not to do .Nowdays , most of us spend too much time in doors, no willing and motivations drive us to do more exercise. As the saying goes :all roads to rome . Any type and reasons that help you feel like exercise and keep you moving ,you can insist on it .besides ,we should form the habit of exercise .continuing exercise is good to our body and mind healthy.UNIT FOURIn this article, the author said“Opportunity is the crux of the American ideal.” People in the American society used to think that they are sure to succeed and make their dreams come true with diligence. But in recent years, “American dream” is seriously challenged. With regard to the economic development, the author holds that America is already a middle-aged country now, and pessimistic spirit has come to dominate the national consciousness. And the economic mobility in America is getting lower and lower compared to other western country. The idea of the “American Dream” is starting to fade since rich children keep rich when poor children stay poor. And at the end ofthe article, the author think we need to get out of poverty for the sake of restoring the spirit, and one effective way is to improve education, which will have a great effect on economic mobility across generations.Because of my limited knowledge of American economics, I can’t make some powerful viewpoints to the economic mobility in USA. But I think opportunity is an important part in American ideal. In America, opportunities are more, and relatively fairer than other areas. On the basis of this, dreams in USA come true more easily than other areas. And education is a significant factor to change the state of “rags to rags”, if children in poor family get opportunity to be educated, they will master advanced skills to get a good job and have a better life. And will it have a great effect on economic mobility, as said in the article? I’m not sure.UNIT FIVEIn every language, there is a pair of words expressing good and evil, but what really is good and evil? Moral relativists think that the standards of good and evil are only products of local culture, custom, or prejudice. Someone think evil cannot exist without good, nor good without evil.We are always taught to do good, not evil, and there are relatively few ways to do good, but there are countless ways to do evil, which is named“Destructive Potentials” and can destroy our and others’ life. The author said there are usually three ways to treat destructive potentials: denial, projection，displacement. To prevent evil, the author of this article argues, we must first know what is truly “evil”, and then find social forces that may activate destructive potentials. On the basis of knowing what’s “evil”, the author offer some hows to teach our children at the end.UNIT SIXAt the beginning of the article, the author pointed out that, due to the financial crisis, economic downturn, the collapse of the banking system, and people thought that free trade would contribute to ever-greater income inequalities, there was a straw in the wind to trade protectionism, a trade war would break out.The author went on to point out that ,a threat of trade protectionism is trade frictions and reducing exports which can cause economic recession. Another threat is the possibility of competitive devaluations. Finally, the authors have some suggestions, he hope that Obama can establish a free trade policy, and face the very real problem of income inequality, and encourage Asian countries to expand domestic demand, especially to China, we should strengthen the social safety network so that consumers feel more secure about not saving so much of their income. The United States can amend the tax program to curb consumption and encourage savings, and produce more to reduce global economic and trade imbalances.The author strongly advocated free trade, and then what are the benefits of free trade? Firstly, through the international exchange of the products, consumers get a higher-level satisfaction. Secondly, through the international division of labor, the national resources can get the best configuration.。
研究生英语summary范文
研究生英语summary范文In the realm of academia, the art of summarizing is a crucial skill that transcends disciplines. As a graduate student, mastering the ability to distill complex information into concise summaries is essential for both academic and professional success.Summarizing an English text requires a deep understanding of the material, the ability to identify key points, and the skill to present them in a coherent and succinct manner. It's about capturing the essence without losing the integrity ofthe original content.A well-crafted summary should be objective, avoiding personal opinions or interpretations. It should reflect the author's main arguments, findings, or themes, and bestructured in a way that is easy for readers to follow.In the context of English literature, a summary might highlight the central conflict, the development of characters, and the overarching themes of a novel. It should also respect the original author's voice and style, ensuring that the summary remains true to the source material.For academic papers, the summary must encapsulate the research question, the methodology, the findings, and the implications of the study. It should be written in a neutral tone, with a focus on clarity and brevity.In the business world, a summary of a report or proposal should outline the problem, the proposed solution, and the expected outcomes. It should be persuasive, yet concise, designed to inform and influence decision-makers.The length of a summary can vary, but it's generally shorter than the original text, often by half or even more. The key is to prioritize information, ensuring that every sentence contributes to the overall understanding of the material.Lastly, a good summary is not a substitute for reading the original text. It serves as a tool for quick reference, a way to refresh one's memory, or to provide an overview for those who may not have the time to delve into the full text.In conclusion, the summary is a versatile tool in the graduate student's toolkit. Whether for academic papers, literature reviews, or professional reports, the ability to summarize effectively can enhance one's communication skills and contribute to the clarity of one's academic and professional endeavors.。
安徽大学02-05英美文学复试题目
安 徽 大 学2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题试题名称：英美文学试题代码：413写在试卷或草稿纸上一律无效））（所有答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试卷或草稿纸上一律无效English LiteratureI. Identify the authors of the following works. (10%)1.The Canterbury Tales2.Love’s Labour Lost3.The Canonization4.The School for Scandal5.The Rime of the Ancient Mariner6.My Last Duchess7.The Waste Land8.To the Lighthouse9.Heart of Darkness10.Waiting for GodotII. Define the following terms. (10%)1. Ballad2. Tragedy3. Realism4. Symbol5. Stream of ConsciousnessIII. In no less than 200 words, answer ONE of the following questions. (15%)1.What is the central idea of Pride and Prejudice?2.What are the artistic features of Wuthering Heights?IV. Write a commentary of about 400 words on the poem entitled “Meeting at Night”. (25%) The gray sea and the long black land;And the yellow half-moon large and low;And the startled little waves that leapIn fiery ringlets from their sleep,As I gain the cove with pushing prow,And quench its speed i’ the slushy sand.Then a mile of warm sea-scented beach;Three fields to cross till a farm appears;A tap at the pane, the quick sharp scratchAnd blue spurt of a lighted match,And a voice less loud, though its joys and fears,Than the two hearts beating each to each!American LiteratureI. Fill in the blanks. (15%)1.Thomas Jefferson was best known for being the author of ______________.2.An important convention in American Literature was the desire for an escape from______________ and a return to ______________.3.Emerson was recognized as the leader of _______________.4.The author of Leaves of Grass is ________________.5.Arthur Dimmesdale is a character in the novel __________________.6.The death of a beautiful lady is most likely to occur as a subject matter in ___________poems.7.The end of O. Henry’s stories is often ____________.8.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a masterpiece of American ___________ism.9.Both Jack London and Theodore Dreiser believe in the survival of the fittest because theywere both influenced by ______________.10.To Hemingway, man’s greatest achievement is to show _______________.II. Comment briefly on the following characters. (10%)1. Hester Prynne2. Huck Finn3. Carrie Meeber4. Emily GriersonIII. Identify and comment briefly on each of the following passages. (15%)1.We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are endowed by their creator with certainunalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.2.And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sittingOn the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming,And the lamp-light o’er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floorShall be lifted ---- nevermore!3. He reached down in his hip pocket and took out a fat purse. It was filled with slips of paper, some mileage books, a roll of greenbacks. It impressed her deeply. Such a purse had never been carried by any one attentive to her. Indeed, an experienced traveller, a brisk man of the world, had never come within such close range before. The purse, the shiny tan shoes, the smart new suit, and the air with which he did things, built up for her a did world of fortune, of which he was the center. It disposed her pleasantly toward all he might do.安 徽 大 学2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题试题名称：英美文学试题代码：413写在试卷或草稿纸上一律无效））（所有答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试卷或草稿纸上一律无效American LiteratureI. Fill in the blanks. (30%)1.Emerson is responsible for bringing _____________ to New England.2.According to naturalists, the lives of the characters in Sister Carrie were controlled by___________ and ___________.3.Benjamin Franklin was a believer in the possibilities of ______________ and the comforts of_____________.4.The author of The Crisis is _______________.5.James Cooper is famous for ______________ Tales.6.Tom Joad is a character in the novel __________________-.7.Sinclair Lewis criticizes American _____________ in Main Street.8. F. Scott Fitzgeld is the spokesman of _______________.9.In most of his works, Henry James is known for his ___________ theme.10.Martin Eden is Jack London’s most _______________ novel.11.Joseph Heller’s Catch 22 contributes a great deal to the popularity of ______________.12.Seize the Day is one of ____________’s finest stories.13.Thomas Jefferson was most known for being the author of _______________.14.Puritans wanted to make pure their ______________ and ________________.15.Hawthorne’s strongly symbolic stories often touch the deepest roots of man’s __________.16.Poor Richard’s Almanac is a collection of _____________ by ____________.17.The subject of The Waste Land is the failure of ______________.18.Many of Edgar Allen Poe’s stories are marked by the effect of ________________.19.The American writer who advocated as well as practised the ideal of returning to nature is_____________.20.Captain Ahab is the hero of the novel _____________ by _______________.II. Explain the following. (20%)1. Walden2. American Dream3. Free Verse4. Stream of consciousnessIII. Identify the following two stanzas (tell the author and the title of each) first, and then compare and contrast them in terms of theme and style. (20%)1.Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,Is our destin’d eend or way;But to act, that each to-morrowFind us farther than today.2.I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spearof summer grass.English LiteratureI. Fill in the blanks. (20%)1.In old English poetry, each line consists of ___________ feet, with a _________ in the middle.The two parts are united by ___________ which is a form of “head rhyme”.2.The word “Renaissance” means _____________, that is, the art and science of ancient Greeceand Rome were rediscovered after long years of neglect. Its ideal was _____________, which places the affairs of man at the centre of its concerns.3.Spenser’s masterpiece is ________________.4.Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are _____________, ______________, _____________and ______________.5.Pradise Lost was written by ______________. The genre of this long poem is ___________.6. A statling, ingenious, sometimes even far-fetched metaphor is called __________. This kindof metaphor is frequently used _______________ poetry.7.The representatives of the three stages of neo-classicism in England were ___________, Popeand Samuel Johnson.8.The advent of Romanticism in England was marked by the publication of _____________ byWordsworth and Coleridge.9.The political and social factors that gave rise to the romantic movement were the threerevolutions: the American Revolution, _______________ and the industrial revolution.10.Most of the Victorian novels were first published in _____________ form, that is, byinstallment.11.The three important influences on the modernist poetry were _____________, metaphysicalpoetry and French symbolism.12.Modernist poetry is marked by _________ in rhythmic movement.II. Identify the following passages by giving the name of the author and the title of the the work. (10%)1Make me the lyre, even as the forest is;What if my leaves are falling like its own!The tumult of thy mighty harmoniesWill take from both a deep, autumnal tone,Sweet though in sadness….21. _________ (Author)22. _________ (Title)2…What though the field be lost?All is not lost: the unconquerable will.And study of revenge, immortal hate.And courage never to submit or yield.And what is else not to be overcome?23. _________ (Author)24. _________ (Title)3Go, and catch a falling star.Get with child a mandrake root.Tell me, where all past years are.Or who cleft the Devil’s foot.25. _________ (Author)26. _________ (Title)4The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,The plowman homeward his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.27. _________ (Author)28. _________ (Title)5And I have known the eyes already, known them allThe eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase,And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall,Then how should I beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways?And how should I presume?29. _________ (Author)30. _________ (Title)III. Explain the following terms. (10%)1. epic2. romance3. sonnet4. heroic couplet5. blank verseIV. Comment on the following poem. Discuss its title, theme, verse form, imagery and tone. (40%)Turning and turning in the widening gyreThe falcon cannot hear the falconer;Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned;The best lack all conviction, while the worstAre full of passionate intensity.Surely some revelation is at hand;Surely the Second Coming is at hand.The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert A shape with lion body and the head of a man.A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun.Is moving its slow thighs, while all about itReel shadows of the indignant desert birds.The darkness drops again; but now I knowThat twenty centuries of stony sleepWere vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle.And what rough beast, its hour come round at last Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?安 徽 大 学2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学试题试题名称：英美文学试题代码：431写在试卷或草稿纸上一律无效））（所有答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试卷或草稿纸上一律无效English LiteratureI. Fill in the blanks (20%)1. Because of his contributions to English literature, Geoffrey Chaucer is called ______________.2. _____________ is praised by Marx as “the progenitor of English materialism.”3. Shakespeare wrote altogether ________ plays in the poetic form of ___________ .4. A Valediction: forbidding Mourningt is written by ________________ .5. The dominating poetic form in the 18th century English literature is _______________6. The most striking stylistic feature of A Modest Proposal is _____________.7. Daniel Defoe depicts a typical hero of the rising bourgeoisie class in his novel _______________8. Sir Walter Scott’s greatest contribution to English literature was his ___________ novels.9. The title of the novel Vanity Fair is taken from ____________________10. Heathcliff is the hero of the novel _______________ written by ___________11. The poem “Crossing the Bar” is written on the theme of ______________12. The Picture of Dorian Gray is written by Oscar Wilde, a representative of the English_____________13. ______________ is an autobiographical novel of D. H. Lawrence.14. T. S. Eliot’s _____________________ is written in the same poetic form as Robert Browning’s MyLast Duchess.15. James Joyce’s Ulysses is most famous for its ________________ technique.16. Virginia Woolf is a prominent figure of the “_______________ Group”.II. Identify the following passages by giving the name of the author and the title of the works。
研究生英语读写译教程第二版答案安徽大学
研究生英语读写译教程第二版答案安徽大学UNIT 6Text APre-reading ActivitiesFirst Listening1.Before you listen to the tape have a quick look at the paragraph below. It's similar to what you'll hear on the tape, but there are some differences. As you listen the first time, underline the sections of the paragraph that are different from what you hear on the tape. Don't worry yet about what the exact differences are-just underline where they appear.Steven Hawking, the world-famous scientist and author, lost his ability to speak in 1985. Already confined to a wheelchair, unable to move more than a few muscles, he lost his voice and this meant he could communicate only by raising his eyebrows. Then an American computer programmer came to Hawking's rescue by designing a vocalizing computer specially for him. With its help. Hawking can construct sentences at a speed of about 15 words per minute, by selecting words from his computer screen and then clicking on a device that vocalizes the sentences for him. Hawking jokes about the computer: "The only trouble is that it gives me an American accent."Second Listening2. What else do you know about Steven Hawking and his book A BriefHistory of Time? Why is he called "the smartest man in the world"?A Brief History of Stephen Hawking。
安徽大学研究生英语Unit5 TextB缩写
Summary of text b unit 5In this article, the author, John F. Kennedy, calls on the Americans to support him and to sacrifice their lives for their country. He calls on the people of the whole world to unit and work for the freedom of men. He adopts clear different policy to different kind of nations. Firstly, he introduces the general statement of the basic policy of the US. Then he addresses different groups of allied nations and would-be allied nations, his friends and would-be friends. He makes clear his specific policy towards them. And he states his specific policy toward the enemy. At last, he concludes the address.From my point of view, this address is impressive and outstanding. First, this address is very inspiring owning to different rhetorical devices are used. Second, Kennedy is very particular and careful in his choice and use of words. At last, there are lots of good sentences and difficult sentences in this speech. Like the sentence: my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country has been used extensively.As for the views shows in his speech, I can’t agree with some extreme views to some extent. It’s no doubt that we must try our best to oppose any foe in order to assure the success of liberty and human-rights. However, we must also realize the so-called universal values are not suitable for all the countries. Sometimes these values are abused to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.。
安徽大学 研究生英语 课文summary and comment
上册Summary of Unit 2(Recession-proofing your career)in the text, the author firstly tries to tell us that guaranteed jobs have already becomehistory. These days,no matter what our official employment status,we are all temporary workers.But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from change and economic upheaval, by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively. She then suggestssome skills.She recommends discovering both your overt and covert talents, making sure that awide range of positions are available to you, and never committing to any “hot job”which exceeds either your interest or talent. Moreover, you should cultivate and maintain an active network both inside and outside of your profession, to “market”yourself, to convince the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the job.Finally, always follow work trends.I am bound to face the work dilemma in the future sooner or later. I quite agree with theauthor's opinion. There is no reason for us to stop learning when we are working. The author's suggestions will help me much in the foreseeable future.翻译：在文中，作者首先试图告诉我们，保证工作已经成为历史，如今，不管我们在职场从事的是什么工作，我们都只是临时工。
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2.《Recession-proofing your career》To keep a threat awareness in mind and acting for your career are the primary idea of this a rticle. The author develops this text into 2 parts: the necessity for recession-proofing your career a nd strategies for protecting your career.First, know yourself,including the key skills and the areas of competence. This is the first a nd a necessary part before embarking on entirely your career. Then, marketing yourself. No one wi lling to refuse a Mr.right in the career,so do you .Finding right platforms ,you can realize your val ue. The author also throws out a problem:if you lost main source of income tomorrow ,could you f ine an alternate source to replace it? In addition to pursue learning and development opportunities , we also can create a fallback position and stay culturally current to ensure your employability in the future. Moreover,as all we know, we could not hold one career without any obstacle. Rather th an being defeated by failure,we must learn from those setbacks and use them to your advantages i n the future.Finally ,act type A,think type B, that is thinking and recognizing yourself once again and ag ain. It seems a cycle from knowing yourself to recognize once again in the whole career life.Nowadays, with the fast-shifting of the economic, we are really all living and working in a Te mpWorld. Preparing before happening never is not a wise idea.3.《Lies》“Lies” is a typical critical article about whether we can tell lies in our daily life. The author uses abundant examples to convey the existence and necessity for lies and shows his own opinion —mankind must have lies and the bigger the better. To understand this attitude,we must look at th e way the author how writes the passage. The author began the essay by telling the fact that althou gh people usually have many negative views about lies,but we tell lies form time to time. Then the body gives us lots of reasons why we need lies sometimes,such as in order to maintain the stabilit y of society,ruling the religion etc. I was impressed by the sentence—“Art is a lie that tells the tr uth”.if someone is not willing to admit he/she have told lies,the facts itself is a lie. People must ha ve told lies for different reasons and in different environments in our past ages. We know the choic e between lies and truth decided mainly bases on our purposes. And we prefer to believe lies ,beca use truth may be frightening. But I just agree the author’s views in a certain degree. Because lies c an make the betterment of the world,but can never make the world.Summary and comment Unit 1------The End of Something“The End of Something", by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story about two young people w ho witness how time can change the world and the people in it. The broken mill represents Nick a nd Marjorie's broken relationship. Once, the mill was the center of the town. The town was a place full of activity. In the present of the story, as the time passed by, the mill lies deserted, as does the relationship between Nick and Marjorie. we can clearly see that time can change everything , whe n they cannot stay young forever, so the weak foundation of their relationship is torn down and lef t in pieces. Even though they will meet one day, the love is not there, because the two lovers have their own understanding of love. Just as the story says“the fish will not strike anymore, and love is not fun anymore.” The good old past feeling isn't good enough anymore, even one of the lovers d oes not want give up on catching the love, and still clings to what is left and still hopes for the best . The past has become past, only can we cherish the good memory. What one must focus on is wha t is, now, and what is to come, tomorrow. One must look beyond what was and look for the love b elongs to them.Summary and comment (unit2)------the pleasures of ignoranceThe author began this essay by telling the experience of waking in the morning and finding a fact that he knew practically nothing about anything. The quantity of the things he knew was lim ited except his own experience. However he felt no depress about his ignorance,believing that ignorance would be the greatest help to one. Because sometimes memory is not reliable, ignorance does work at this time,for the ignorant man seldom make inaccurate judgment without making an investigation first. So the ignorance would lead us to learn more.As we know, the author’s attitude is solely and optimistic. But should we feel ashamed or pessimistic while realizing that we are ignorant? Undoubtedly,one’s knowledge can be out at el bows sometimes, but we can look up in a textbook or the encyclopedia etc. The information can b e quickly accessed in various means. What’s more, there is no need to remember too much detail t hings,such as the mathematical formula, names. If we always pay attention on those things,they wi ll never be our prides but burden! So the answer of the question mentioned above is obvious. Summary and comment (unit 4)----Rags to rags,riches to richesFrom this essay,“America n Dream”is gradually fading with the development of econom y,rather than opportunity as the crux, especially for the native. The idea that American is exceptio nal in its material opportunity is deeply lodged in the culture. And this also has brought so much m otivation for the poor. But now pessimistic spirit has come to dominate the national consciousness and the stiffening of America’s economic is worse than the culture. what’s more,America’s domin ant position among those western counties is also becoming unobvious, which also lead challe nges among peers depend on their parents. So the real focus of an effort to restore social and eco nomic opportunity in America is to get out of poverty. The author’s advice is paying more attention on education.A kind of culture held in esteem has its irreplaceable advantages.Such as American dream, st ruggle,risk ,self-determination and material progress are its representations. So the sate that rich ch ildren stay rich whereas poor children still stay poor can change. However,with the development of the society ,the change of the environment, the culture is hard to keep. What we n eed to do is to look for means to maintain the culture in order to be ladders out of poverty. I agree with the author’s advice——improve education.Because it’s effective although we need several ge nerations.Summary and comment(unit 5)-----teaching our children about evilThe author began this essay by asking how to understand the definition of “evil”. In the body, creative and destructive potentials were raised, which would effect people’s behaviors greatly. our creative potential is to enhance and enrich life,but destructive potential has the opposite result. In the end, with such what’s about evil, the author concludes the text by offering some hows as to teaching our children about evil.According to my understanding, on one hand, there is no absolute good or absolute evil. A thing can be good or evil or both at the same time;On the other hand, good and evil have no differ ence in size.We can’t deny a thing is good just because it’s too small, such as picking up the rubbish on the road. Or we can’t say a thing is not evil just because it is a small thing, such as spitting everywhere. Fin ally, I think good and evil can be transformed sometimes. We can’t say one is good or evil fore ver. In a word, good and evil is a complicated term. The relationship between them is so difficult t o define.we should regard them from an overall aspect, don’t treat a thing or a person as good or evil too roughly.。