职称英语阅读理解50答案
中级职称英语试题及答案
中级职称英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）1. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the increase in the number of tourists visiting the city?A) The city has become more attractive.B) The city has improved its transportation facilities.C) The city has launched a new advertising campaign.D) The city has reduced the cost of travel.2. What does the author suggest about the future of the city?A) The city will experience a decline in tourism.B) The city will continue to grow in popularity.C) The city will face environmental challenges.D) The city will lose its cultural heritage.3. What is the author's opinion regarding the city's development?A) The development is beneficial for the economy.B) The development is detrimental to the environment.C) The development is balanced and sustainable.D) The development is too rapid and uncontrolled.4. What can be inferred from the passage about the city's tourism industry?A) It is the primary source of income for the city.B) It is facing a crisis due to over-tourism.C) It is not well-managed and lacks regulation.D) It is attracting a diverse range of visitors.5. What is the best title for the passage?A) The Growth of Tourism in the City.B) The Environmental Impact of Tourism.C) The Economic Benefits of Tourism.D) The Challenges of Urban Development.二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）[A] The city has seen a significant increase in the number of tourists in recent years. This growth has been attributed to several factors, including improved transportation and a successful advertising campaign. However, the city now faces new challenges. Over-tourism has led to concerns about the environment and the preservation of cultural heritage. The author suggests that the city needs to find a balance between economic development and sustainability.6. The city has become more attractive due to its _______.A) natural beautyB) historical sitesC) modern architectureD) cultural events7. The successful advertising campaign has _______.A) increased the city's visibilityB) decreased the cost of travelC) improved transportation facilitiesD) attracted more investors8. The author believes that the city should _______.A) limit the number of touristsB) invest in environmental protectionC) promote cultural heritageD) encourage economic growth9. The passage implies that over-tourism can _______.A) benefit the local economyB) lead to environmental degradationC) preserve cultural heritageD) improve transportation facilities10. The best way to address the challenges is to _______.A) reduce the number of touristsB) find a sustainable solutionC) increase the cost of travelD) limit cultural events三、翻译（共20分，每题10分）11. 将下列句子从中文翻译成英文。
2014职称英语阅读理解(共50篇,含中英文翻译,译文和详细解答,求精,求分,求下载)
阅读理解第34篇What do chicken pox, the common cold，the flu，and AIDS have in common? They're all disease caused by viruses，tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It‘s no wonder1 that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of2 viruses is what's on people's minds.Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though3.In Cambridge，Massachusetts4, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work，teaching them to build some of the world‘s smallest rechargeable batteries.Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with5 the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge，she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries，the scientists combine what they know about biology，technology and production techniques.Belcher‘s team includes Paula Hammond，who helps put together the tiny batteries，and Yet-Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. "We're working on things we traditionally don‘t associate with nature," says Hammond.Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A，C and D batteries6 in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However，every year，new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink，ordinary bakeries won‘t be small enough to fit inside.The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now，Belcher‘s model battery，a metallic disk completely built by viruses，looks likea regular watch battery. But inside，its components are very small-so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size，pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is-pretty thin，right? Although the width of each person‘s hair is a bit different，you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts，side to side，across one hair. These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses7.词汇：chicken pox水痘collaborator n.合作者，协作者microorganism n.微生物pluck v.拔，摘，采metallic adj.金属的注释：1.no wonder：不足为奇的，难怪2.steer clear of：避开，绕开3.though：意思为―然而，可是‖。
职称英语试题及答案解析
职称英语试题及答案解析一、阅读理解1. 阅读下面短文，然后回答1-5题。
In the past, many people believed that intelligence was something we were born with and could not change. However, recent research has shown that our intelligence is not fixed and can be developed. This is known as the growth mindset. People with a growth mindset believe that their most basic abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work.The growth mindset is not just about academic achievement. It can be applied to any area of life where you want to improve. For example, if you want to become a better athlete, musician, or artist, you can develop your skills with consistent practice and effort. The key is to embrace challenges and learn from criticism.People with a fixed mindset, on the other hand, believe that their abilities are set in stone. They often avoid challenges because they are afraid of failure. They may also give up easily when they encounterobstacles, as they believe that their lack of ability is the reason for their struggles.Which of the following is true about the growth mindset according to the passage?A. It is limited to academic achievements.B. It can be applied to any area of life.C. It is about avoiding challenges.D. It is about giving up easily.答案：B解析：根据短文中的描述，"The growth mindset is not just about academic achievement. It can be applied to any area of life where you want to improve." 这句话明确指出，成长心态不仅仅局限于学术成就，它可以被应用到任何你想要提高的生活领域。
中级职称英语考试真题与答案精选全文
精选全文完整版（可编辑修改）中级职称英语考试真题与答案中级职称英语考试真题及参考答案：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A ; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B ; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C 。
Irish Dolphins m ay H ave a Unique DialectIrish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they m a y have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.The Shannon Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation ( S D W F ) has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-nosedolphins in the River Shannon using vocalizations collected on a computer in a c o w shed near the River Shannon.As part of a research project, student Ronan Hickey digitized and analyzed a total of 1,882 whistles from the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories. O f the categories, he found most were used by both sets of dolphins but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.“We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behavior like foraging, resting, socializing and the communications of groups with calves,” project leader Simon Berrow said. “Essentially w e are building up what is like a dictionary of words they use or sounds they make.”Berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins ’ clicks are used to find their w a y around and locate prey. The whistles are communications. “They do a whole range of other sounds like barks, groans and a kind of gunshot,”he said. “The gunshot is an intense pulse of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun their prey.”“W h e n I first heard it, I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the only species w h o used it. W e can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reas on as the sperm whales,” Berrow said.References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they m a y even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century.They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25,000 tourists every year take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.1. The difference in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales interested theS D W F scientists.A. RightB. W r o n gC. Not mentioned2. Ronan Hickey analyzed almost 2000 different dialects of the bottle-nose dolphins.A. RightB. W r o n gC. Not mentioned3. O f the 32 categories, eight were produced only by the Irish dolphins.A. RightB. W r o n gC. Not mentioned4. Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins.A. RightB. W r o n gC. Not mentioned5. Sperm whales can produce stronger ultrasonic waves to kill their prey than dolphins.A. RightB. W r o n gC. Not mentioned6. A s early as the 6th century, Irish fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary.A. RightB. W r o n gC. Not mentioned7. Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25,000 people co m e to see them every year.A. RightB. W r o n gC. Not mentioned参考答案：1. C 利用问题句中的细节信息词bottle-nose dolphins， sperm whales， eating habits 和特征词 SDWF (香农海豚与野生动物基金会)scientists共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句。
职称英语考试试题及答案
职称英语考试综合类A级试题与答案第1部分：词汇选项〔第1~15题,每题1分,共15分〕下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语.答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上.1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explainedB inventedC consideredD accepted2 He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB strongC kindD wild3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A makingB takingC discussingD expecting4 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producingA wasteB buyC useD sell5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC powerD volume6 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tenselyB nearlyC carefullyD closely7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadnessA supportedB excitedC inspiredD directed8 The book provides a concise analysis of the country’s history.A cleanB perfectC realD brief9 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their memb ership cards at all times.A suggestedB warnedC statedD confirmed10 The council meeting terminated at 2 o’clockA beganB continuedC endedD resumed11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A signB substituteC proofD target12 However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.A reluctantB eagerC pleasedD angry13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did n ot merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A limitB controlC replaceD offset14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A denyB investigateC stressD create15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A graduallyB suddenlyC excessivelyD exceptionally第2部分：阅读判断〔第16~22题,每题1分,共7分〕阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断.如果该句提供的是正确信息,请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息,请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提与,请在答题卡上把C涂黑Principles of Governing PersuasionIf leadership consists of getting thing done through others, then persuasio n is one of the leader’s essential to ols. Many executives have assumed that th is tool is beyond their grasp, available only to the charismatic<有魅力的> and the eloquent. Over the past several decades, though, experimental psychologists have learned which methods reliably lead people to concede, comply, or change. Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that ca n be taught and applied.The first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who is similar to them than someone who is not. Wise managers, then, ask peers to hel p make their cases. Second, people are more willing to cooperate with those who are not only like them but who like them, as well. So it’s worth the time to uncover real similarities and offer genuine praise.Third, experiments confirm the intuitive truth that people tend to treat yo u the way you treat them. It’s sound policy to do a favor before seeking one. Fourth, individuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily and clearly. The message for managers here is to get commitments in writing. Fifth, studies show that people really do defer to <服从> experts. So before they att empt to exert influence, executives should take pains to establish their own ex pertise and not assume that it’s self-evident. Finally, people want more of a commodity when it’s scarce; it follows, then, that exclusive information is mo re persuasive than widely available data.16 Experiments have confirmed the assumption of many executives.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned17 People are more likely to cooperate with those who like them.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Managers do not employ those who are quite different from them.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned19 There is no need for a manager to find out the merits of his employees.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Experiments have shown that, contrary to our expectation, people tend to treat you the way you treat them.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned21 There are as many wise managers as there are stupid ones.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Exclusive information is more persuasive than widely known data.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子〔第23~ 30题,每题1分,共8分〕阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务：〔1〕第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；〔2〕第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子.请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.Keeping Cut Flowers1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people kno w how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensiti ve to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations<康乃馨> retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12oC than when kept at 2 60c. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably th e most important aspect of flower care.3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological pu rpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination <授粉>. After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers cons ume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide <二氧化碳>, called respiration <呼吸>, ge nerates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is v ery high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respi ration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining l ow temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowl y.5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water i n which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink〞 water that is di rty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost ce rtainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the w ater of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach <含氯漂白剂> can b e used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach< at 4% solution> be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.A Control of RespirationB Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC Role of RespirationD Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE Need for Clean WaterF Ways of Stopping Respiration23 Paragraph 2__________________24 Paragraph 3__________________25 Paragraph 4__________________26 Paragraph 5__________________27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers_______________28 Respiration plays a key role________________29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down_________________30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is ____________ ________A by keeping its original shape and colourB in the life of the cut flowerC to produce carbon dioxideD for as long as possibleE by controlling temperatureF to replace the water and solution every day第4部分：阅读理解〔第31~45题,每题3分,共45分〕下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每道题后面有4个选项.请根据文章的内容,从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上.第一篇 "Salty〞 Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will b e able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned f arms to become productive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University’s School of Biological Sc iences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechn ology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability i nto crops, starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares〔公顷〕 of agricultur al land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts〔妨碍生长〕plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves〔红树林〕 t hat create swamps〔沼泽〕 and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have b een cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the watertable to drop, allowing sea water to seep〔渗透〕in. in Latin America, irrigati on often causes problems when water is evaporated〔蒸发〕 by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water t hey need to survive.To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants th at take in very little slat and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants‘ growth. They have started to breed these characteristics in to a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Ye o will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, provi ding much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true？A They are students at Sussex University.B They are rice breeders.C They are husband and wife.D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programmeA to find ways to prevent water pollution.B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.C to breed rice plants that taste salty.D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discus sed in the passage？A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B the water table has gone down after droughts.C Sea level has been continuously rising.D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind34 The word "affect〞 in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced byA "influence〞B "effect〞C "stop〞D "present〞35 The attitude of the author towards the research project isA positiveB negative.C suspiciousD indifferent.第二篇Ford’s Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our l ives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, e ven to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars-one, strange to say, tha t originated in slaughterhouses〔屠宰场〕.Back in the early 1900‘s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a "disassembly line〞. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up p roduction of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an ex pert on industrial development, tells what happened."The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assemble team ave raged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.〞Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford wen t all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towe d〔拖,拉〕past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It hasn‘t long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he c ut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all tho se who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers the world over copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about a ll of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile h as arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation〔自动化〕, eve rything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.36 Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true?A He introduced a new way of production.B He influenced all manufacturing.C He inspired other auto makers.D He changed a historian’s mind.37 The writer mentions〞 slaughterhouses〞 because they were the places whe reA Ford’s assembly line originatedB Ford made his first car.C Ford readjusted the assembly line.D Ford innovated the disassembly line.38 A magneto is a technical term forA an automobile.B a production lineC a part of an automobile engine.D a disassembly line39 the phrase〞 turning out〞 in the last paragraph could be best replaced byA " producing〞B " selling〞C "buying〞D "fixing〞40 The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry FordA to create more jobs for the unemployedB to write a book on historyC to reduce the price of his cars to $260D to cut the production of his cars by 50%第三篇 PlayPlay is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research h as shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for pl ay, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, enc ourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which childr en will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s developme nt.In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is lar gely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby’s ability to p rofit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying o ut, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bri cks and jigsaws〔七巧板〕and construction toys; painting, scribbling<涂鸦> and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; t he first social games for learning to play and get on with others.Bt the third stage of play development-from five to seven or eight years-th e child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of le arning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the chills most enjoys.Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a chil d. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main so urce of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed-to a child of nice or ten years, to ys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.41 The passage tells us that as a child grows upA he should be allowed to choose his own toys.B he should be given identical toys.C he should be given different toys.D he should be given fewer and fewer toys.42 According to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his p arentsA determine his characterB will not change after the age of three.C partly determine the standard he is likely to reach.D to a large extent determine the choice of toys.43 Who have the best chance of growing up successfully?A Those who tend to overeatB Those who are given a lot of toys.C Those who are given toys, talked to and played with.D Those who can share their toys with their playmates.44 We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosityA when he is twoB when he is around four.C when he is six.D when he is eight.45 The passage is mainly aboutA the importance of pre-school educationB the importance of schooling.C the role of play in a child’s developmentD the choice of toys for adolescents.第5部分：补全短文〔第46~50题,每题2分,共10分〕阅读下面的短文,文章中有5处空白,文章后面有6组文字,请根据文章的内容选择5组文字,将其分别放回文章原来位置,以恢复文章原貌.请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.Science and TechnologyThere is a difference between science and technology._________<46>. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phen omena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these fac ts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedur es for applying the findings of science.________<47>Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to unde rstand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy an d certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people’s likes or disl ikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things._________<48>. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides we have the choice of refusing to believe it ! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the c hoice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic<超音速的> aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air._________<49>The pur pose of technology is to serve people-people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves.__________<50> Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion<枯竭> and even social decay in general-so much so that the promise of technology is " obscured ". That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better w orld, what else will?A Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the pro gress in each.B Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the h uman factor.C What scientists discover may shock or anger people ---as did Darwin’s th eory of evolution.D Science and technology are different.E We are all familiar with the improper use of technology.F Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a m ethod of solving practical problems.第6部分：完形填空〔第51~65题,每题1分,共15分〕阅读下面的短文,文中有15处空白,每处空白给出了4个选项同,请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上Cost as a Factor in SupplyIn a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no c ontrol over the market price, because he produces too little to influence marke t conditions. With no difference between his products and the products________< 51> his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or __________<52> the market price. Howev er, in considering the price, he must take the ____________<53>of production in to consideration. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for__________<54> he believes will be a s hort time. However, no business person can __________<55>to lose money for a pr olonged period. He must be constantly __________<56>of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to competes successfully and earn a profit.Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per uni t decrease._________<57>mass production has made this true in certain industrie s and at certain levels of production,________<58> logic and practical experien ces have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of prod uction. Some economists_________<59>to this principle as the law of increasing costs.The reason costs rise as production goes up is __________<60>. However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factor s of production will also grow,__________<61>competitive bidding in the marketp lace for the factors of production. If a producer needs___________<62> skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get __________<63>from other sources. This can be done by ___________<6 4>higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of product ion. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, _________ __<65>not all land is equally fertile and not all ore<矿石>is equally rich in t he mineral wanted.51 A to B at C of D on52 A below B beneath C over D above53 A price B cost C worth D profit54 A that B why C what D if55 A afford B pretend C offer D try56 A sure B afraid C aware D suspicious57 A Because B Since C When D While58 A both B neither C none D any59 A resort B refer C turn D attend60 A clear B simple C difficult D complex61 A bringing B resulting in C including D carrying out62 A less B numerous C more D many63 A them B these C it D those64 A offering B cutting C reducing D having65 A as if B just as C because D while答案：1A 2C 3C 4C 5D 6D 7A 8D 9C 10C 11A 12A 13B 14B 15A16B 17A 18C 19B 20B 21C 22A 23D 24C 25A 26E 27D 28B 29E 30F31D 32B 33C 34A 35A 36D 37A 38C 39A 40C 41C 42C 43C 44B 45C46F 47A 48C 49B 50E51C 52A 53B 54C 55A 56C 57D 58A 59B 60D 61B 62C 63C 64A 65B。
2022年职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解练习题及答案
职称英语考试理工类A级-阅读理解练习题及答案A Phone That Knows You're BusyIt's a modern problem：you're too busy to be disturbed by incessant(持续不断旳)phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you don't remember to turn it back on when you're less busy.you could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldn't have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when you are not too busyA bunch of behavior sensors(传感器)and a clever piece of software could do just that，by analyzing your behavior to determine if it's a good time to interrupt you.If built into a phone，the system may decide you're too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later.James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interruptedThe potential"busyness"signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use.The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work . At random intervals，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from"highly interruptible''to"highly not-interruptible" . Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors . "It is a shotgun(随意旳)approach：weused all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important，" says HudsonThe model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be.Interestingly，the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message，whereas computers don't care.The first application for Hudson and Fogarty's system is likely to be in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones."There is no technological roadblock(障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years，" says Hudson36 A big problem facing people today is thatA they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls.B they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet.C they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone.D they are too busy to make phone calls.37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phoneA could help store messages.B could send messages instantlyC could tell when it is wise to interrupt you.D could identify important phone calls.38 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find outA why office doors were often 1eft open.B when it was a good time to turn off the computer.C what questions office workers were bothered with.D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy39 During the experiment，the subjects were askedA to control the sensors and the camera.B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted.C to compare their behaviors with others'.D to analyze all the indicators of interruption.40 The computer performed better than people in the study becauseA the computer worked harder.B the computer was not busyC people tended to be biased.D people were not good at statistics.参照答案：36 A 该题问旳是：当今人们面临旳一种大旳问题是什么?文章第～句就给出了答案：人们太忙了，不能被持续不断旳电话骚扰。
职称英语综合A阅读理解考试题及答案
职称英语综合A阅读理解考试题及答案Superconductor Ceramic (陶瓷)An underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip (轻击) of a switch, 30,000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cables. Other American cities are expected to follow Detroit's example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power.The new electrical cables at the Frisbie powe.r station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance. They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors don't. No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does.Making superconductors isn't easy. A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance. The first superconductors, made more than 50 years ago, had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius.The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copper, oxygen; bismuth(铋 ), strontium(�� ), and calcium( 钙 ). A ceramic is a hard, strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwis.e around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramictape to the point where it conveys electricitywith zero resistance.The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Because cooled superconductors have no resistance,they waste much less power. Other cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power, too.1.What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?A. With a flip of swish, electricity can be transmitted.B. Other American cities can benefit from the high-perfo――rraance cables.C. Great amounts of power can be conserved.D. Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables.pared to common electrical conductors, superconductorsA. have little or no electrical resistance.B. can be used for a long time.C. are not energy-efficient.D. can be made easily.3.At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance?A. -143 degree Celsius.B. -263 degree Celsius.C. As long as it is ice-cold.D. Absolute zero.4.What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature?A. Copper.B. Liquid nitrogen.C. Clay.D. Calcium.5.According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Other cities hope they can also conserve power.B. Other cities hope they can use superconducting cables soon.C. Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance.D. The Fribie experiment is not successful.。
2023年职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工A类
职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类（A级）111111第1部分：词汇选项（第1—1 5题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。
1. The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A. suddenlyB. generallyC. slightlyD. greatly2. Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A. doubtingB. thinkingC. sayingD. knowing3. I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A. instructingB. pushing.C. notifyingD. inviting4. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A. maintainedB. recommendedC. consideredD. acknowledged5. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A. causedB. ignoredC. organizedD. received6. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A. reportedB. praisedC. provedD. caught7. At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A. giveB. attachC. loseD. understand8. Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A. turningB. jumpingC. shakingD. shouting9. It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A. handleB. raiseC. poseD. experience10. Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A. spendB. standC. takeD. last11. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. relativeB. continuousC. generalD. sharp12. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A. afraidB. anxiousC. sureD. sad13. She always finds fault with everything.A. simplifiesB. evaluatesC. criticizesD. examines14. At 80，Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A. happyB. aloneC. busyD. energetic15. For some obscure reason，the simple game is becoming very popular.A. obviousB. majorC. unclearD. minor第二部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断；假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
职称英语试题及答案
职称英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）Passage 1In recent years, the importance of environmental protection has been increasingly recognized globally. Governments and organizations are taking various measures to reduce pollution and protect natural resources. Among these measures, the promotion of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power has been a significant focus.Questions:1. What is the main topic discussed in the passage?2. Why are governments and organizations focusing on renewable energy sources?Passage 2The rise of the internet has transformed the way we communicate and access information. Social media platforms, online forums, and blogs have become integral parts of our daily lives. However, with the convenience they bring, there are also concerns about privacy and misinformation.Questions:3. What impact has the internet had on our lives?4. What are the concerns related to the use of the internet?二、完形填空（共20分）In a rapidly changing world, adaptability is a key trait for success. Being able to adjust to new situations and learnfrom experience is __1__ important for personal growth. Moreover, it is essential to be open to new ideas and __2__to change. This mindset not only helps individuals to thrive but also contributes to the __3__ of society as a whole.Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word:1. A) particularly B) occasionally C) generally D) rarely2. A) resistant B) receptive C) opposed D) indifferent3. A) progress B) regression C) stagnation D) decline三、词汇与语法（共20分）Choose the correct answer for each of the following sentences:4. The company has decided to ___ its product line to include more environmentally friendly options.A) expand B) contract C) maintain D) eliminate5. Despite the challenges, she ___ her determination and continued to work hard.A) lost B) gained C) retained D) reduced6. The new policy ___ a significant impact on the employees'work-life balance.A) had B) has C) will have D) is having四、翻译（共20分）Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese:7. The project was completed ahead of schedule, which saved the company a considerable amount of money.8. The committee is reviewing the proposal and will make a decision by the end of the week.9. The rapid development of technology has brought about many changes in our daily lives.五、写作（共20分）Write an essay on the topic "The Role of Technology in Education." Your essay should be about 200 words and should include the following points:- The impact of technology on the way education is delivered. - The benefits and challenges of using technology in education.- Your opinion on the future of technology in education.参考答案：一、阅读理解1. The main topic discussed in the passage is the importanceof environmental protection and the measures taken to achieve it.2. Governments and organizations are focusing on renewable energy sources to reduce pollution and conserve natural resources.3. The internet has transformed the way we communicate and access information.4. The concerns related to the use of the internet include privacy issues and the spread of misinformation.二、完形填空1. A) particularly2. B) receptive3. A) progress三、词汇与语法4. A) expand5. C) retained6. D) is having四、翻译7. 该项目提前完成，为公司节省了相当大的一笔资金。
最新职称英语考试综合类A级(阅读理解)试题及答案
职称英语考试综合类A级(阅读理解)试题及答案(阅读理解)试题及答案下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。
请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇The Smell of MoneyFor many years large supermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smell of freshly-baked bread into their stories. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma (香气) consultants, has been approached by Barclay’s Bank to develop suitable artificial smells for their banks. Researchers have suggested that surrounding customers with the “smell if money” will encourage them to feel relaxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the bank’s security and professionalism.But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks’air conditioning systems. It must be identified and chemically analyzed, and this has proved to be difficult. The problem is that banknotes-and coins tend to pick up the smell of their surroundings. So cash that has been sitting in a cash register at a fishmonger’s (鱼贩) will smell of fish, and banknotes used to pay for meals in restaurants will tend to smell of food.It may be a challenge, but aroma experts have little doubt that the use of artificial smells can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly, a British travel company, introduced the smell of coconuts (椰子) into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers. Many cafes now have electric dispensers (自动售货机) that release the smell of freshly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly encouraging customers to come in and have a drink or snack. Evenprestigious car maker Rolls-Royce has been spraying the inside of its cars to enhance the smell of the leather seats.“The sense of smell is probably the most basic and primitive of all human senses,” explains researcher Jim O’Rordan. “ There is a direct pathway from the olfactory (嗅觉的) organs in the nose to the brain.” It is certainly true that most people find certain smells incredibly strong, stringing memories and feelings in a way that few other stimulants (刺激物) can rival. It is a phenomenon marketing consultants have long recognized, but until recently have been unable to harness. “We’ve made great progress but the technology of odour production is still in its infancy,” says O’Riordan, “Who knows where it will take us.”31. Artificial smells have NOT been used inA cafesB banksC travel agenciesD supermarkets32. Researchers believe that introducing the “smell of money” into banks will encourage peopleA to spend moneyB to feel confident about banksC to earn more moneyD to withdraw money from banks33. The difficulty of producing the “smell of money” lies in thatA people’s attitudes toward money are differentB it’s hard to identify and analyze itC no technology can do itD experts have no motive34. The word “harness” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning toA seeB studyC controlD understand35. Researchers thinkA artificial smells help to improve people’s memoryB the technology to produce artificial smells is in the early stageC artificial smells are harmfulD the production of artificial smells is profitably第二篇Spoilt for Choice(A级)Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, createdby companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5.The main impact of endless choice in people’s lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied.It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety.The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work —a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, So the mobility ofpeople is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down.36. Sometimes people ask professionals to help them make decisions becauseA the decisions may have serious impact on their livesB only professionals have the right to do thatC they have sufficient money to payD they have emotional problems37. When people cannot easily decide what to buy, which of the following is the least possible choice?A Giving upB Walking awayC Buying an unsuitable itemD Seeking advice38. Why do products have a short lifespan nowadays?A They are of poor quality.B They are quickly replaced with new ones.C They have too many versions.D They are not designed by computers.39. How does migration today differ from that of the past?A People now migrate to find better jobs.B People now migrate for better life.C People now migrate for better environments.D People now have more choice about where to migrate.40. Which of the following best expresses the writer’s view on choice?A Better more choice than no choiceB Better no choice than more choiceC All choice is easyD More choice, more anxiety第三篇Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serous debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn’t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation.High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often41. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT thatA they’re popularB they’re cheapC they’re usefulD they’re convenient42. The world “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced byA curedB removedC discoveredD caused43. The salesman retired young becauseA he disliked using mobile phonesB he was tired of talking on his mobile phoneC he couldn’t remember simple tasksD his employer’s doctor persuaded him to44. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companiesA deny the existence of mobile phone radiationB develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiationC try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to healthD hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about45. The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise peopleA to buy mobile phonesB to update regular phonesC to use mobile phones less oftenD to stop using mobile phones答案解析：第一篇阅读理解：the smell of money31. Artificial smells have been used in ___.答案为B：banks32. Researchers believe that introducing the “smell of money” into banks will encourage people ___.答案为B。
职称英语高级试题及答案
职称英语高级试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）1. 阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has surged as more and more people find it convenient and time-saving. However, the rise of e-commerce has also led to an increasein the number of online scams. According to a report, nearly half of the consumers have fallen victim to online fraud at least once. To protect themselves, consumers are advised to take the following precautions:- Always shop from reputable websites.- Check the website's security certificate before enteringany personal information.- Be cautious of deals that seem too good to be true.- Use a secure payment method.What is the main idea of the passage?A) The convenience of online shopping is undeniable.B) Online shopping has become increasingly popular.C) Online scams are on the rise with the growth of e-commerce.D) Consumers are given advice on how to shop safely online.Answer: C2. Read the following text and choose the correct answer.Many people believe that artificial intelligence (AI) will revolutionize the way we live and work. AI has the potential to automate many tasks, which could lead to increased efficiency and productivity. However, there are concerns about the impact of AI on employment. Some argue that as AI takes over more jobs, there will be fewer opportunities for humans. Others believe that AI will create new job opportunities that we cannot even imagine today.What is the author's main concern regarding AI?A) The potential for AI to create new job opportunities.B) The efficiency gains from AI automation.C) The negative impact of AI on human employment.D) The inability to predict future job opportunities related to AI.Answer: C3.-5. [Similar format as above]二、词汇与语法（共20分，每题2分）6. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work is continuing as ________.A) plannedB) planningC) to planD) plannerAnswer: A7.-10. [Similar format as above]三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word from the four choices given.It was a cold winter morning. The sun had not yet risen, and a thick fog 11 the village. The early birds were the only signs of life, their songs 12 in the still air. A young boy, 13 in his warm coat, walked towards the old oak tree where he often met his friend.11. A) coveringB) coversC) coveredD) to coverAnswer: A12. A) echoingB) echoedC) was echoedD) to echoAnswer: A13. A) dressedB) dressingC) to dressD) dressAnswer: A14.-20. [Similar format as above]四、翻译（共20分，每题10分）21. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文。
职称英语(理工)23-50阅读理解与中文
第五十篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian FatalitiesCell phones are a danger on the road in more ways than one. Two new studies show that talking on the phone while traveling, whether you're driving or on foot, is increasing both pedestrian deaths and those of drivers and passengers, and recommend crackdowns on cell1 use by both pedestrians and drivers.The new studies, lead-authored by Rutgers University, Newark, Economics Professor Peter D. Loeb2, relate the impact of cell phones on accident fatalities to the number of cell phones in use, showing that the current increase in deaths resulting from cell phone use follows a period when cell phones actually helped to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities. However, this reduction in fatalities disappeared once the numbers of phones in use reached a "critical mass" 3 of 100 million, the study found.These studies looked at cell phone use and motor vehicle accidents from 1975 through 2002, and factored in4 a number of variables, including vehicle speed, alcohol consumption, seat belt use, and miles driven. The studies found the cell phone-fatality correlation to be true even when including factors such as speed, alcohol consumption, and seat belt use.Loeb and his co-author determined that, at the current time, cell phone use has a "significant adverse effect on pedestrian safety" and that ―cell phones and their usage above a critical thresholds adds to motor vehicle fatalities." In the late 1980s and part of the 1990s, before the numbers of phones exploded, cell phone use actually had a "life-saving effect" in pedestrian and traffic accidents, Loeb notes. "Cell-phone users' were able to quickly call for medical assistance when involved in an accident. This quick medical response actually reduced the number of traffic deaths for a time," Loeb hypothesizes.However, this was not the case when cells were first used in the mid-1980s, when they caused a "life-taking effect" among pedestrians, drivers and passengers in vehicles. In those early days, when there were fewer than a million phones, fatalities increased, says Loeb, because drivers and pedestrians probably were still adjusting to the novelty of using them, and there weren't enough cell phones in use to make a difference in summoning help following an accident, he explains.The "life-saving effect" occurred as the volume of phones grew into the early 1990s, and increasing numbers of cells were used to call 911 following accidents, leading to a drop in fatalities, explains Loeb. But this life-saving effect was canceled out6 once the numbers of phones reached a "critical mass" of about 100 million and the "life-taking effect" - increased accidents and fatalities outweighed the benefits of quick access to 911 services, according to Loeb.Loeb and his co-authors used econometric models to analyze data from a number of government and private studies. He and his co-authors recommend that governments consider more aggressive policies to reduce cell phone use by both drivers and pedestrians, to reduce the number of fatalities.第五十篇手机增加交通行人死亡手机在路上有多种多样的危险。
职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解卫生类(A级)试题(4)
职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解卫生类(A级)试题(4)第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Dangers of Secondhand SmokeMost people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health．Scientific researchshows that it causes many kinds of diseases．In fact，many people who smoke get lung cancelHowever, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes．He lives with hiswife，Evelyn，who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage．(46)No one knows for sure why Mr.Gilson has lungcancer．Nevertheless，doctors believe thatsecondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokersoften breathe in the smoke. from other people's cigarettes．(47)The USEnvironmental Protection Agency reports that about 53，000 people die in the United States eachyear as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke．The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals．Inthe past．scientists did not也ink that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health．(48)They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic(有毒的)chemicals in their bodies．As a matter of fact，almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke attimes，whether we realize it or not．For example，we cannot avoid secondhand smoke inrestaurants，hotels and other public places．Even though many public places have nonsmokingareas，smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted．It iS even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke．(49)Research showsthat children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who livein homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely todevelop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers．The risk is even higherfor children who live in homes where both parents smoke．People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke．(50)A Recently，though，scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group ofnonsmokers．B The Gilsons have been married for 35 years．C 111is smoke is called secondhand smoke．D However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people，old or young．E As a result，they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many publicplaces．．F In the United States，nine million children under the ageof five live in homes with at leastone smoker．第6部分：完形填空(第51"-~65题，每题1分，共15分)阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解练习题及答案
职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解练习题及答案职称英语考试理工类A级-阅读理解练习题及答案A Phone That Knows You're BusyIt's a modern problem：you're too busy to be disturbed by incessant(连续不断的)phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you don't remember to turn it back on when you're less busy.you could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldn't have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when you are not too busyA bunch of behavior sensors(传感器)and a clever piece of software could do just that，by analyzing your behavior to determine if it's a good time to interrupt you.If built into a phone，the system may decide you're too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later.James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interruptedThe potential"busyness"signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use.The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work . At random intervals，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from"highly interruptible''to"highly not-interruptible" . Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors . "It is ashotgun(随意的)approach：we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important，" says HudsonThe model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be.Interestingly，the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message，whereas computers don't care.The first application for Hudson and Fogarty's system is likely to be in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones."There is no technological roadblock(障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years，" says Hudson36 A big problem facing people today is thatA they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls.B they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet.C they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone.D they are too busy to make phone calls.37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phoneA could help store messages.B could send messages instantlyC could tell when it is wise to interrupt you.D could identify important phone calls.38 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find outA why office doors were often 1eft open.B when it was a good time to turn off the computer.C what questions office workers were bothered with.D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy39 During the experiment，the subjects were askedA to control the sensors and the camera.B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted.C to compare their behaviors with others'.D to analyze all the indicators of interruption.40 The computer performed better than people in the study becauseA the computer worked harder.B the computer was not busyC people tended to be biased.D people were not good at statistics.参考答案：36 A 该题问的是：当今人们面临的一个大的问题是什么?文章第～句就给出了答案：人们太忙了，不能被连续不断的电话骚扰。
2023年职称英语卫生B级考试阅读理解试题附答案
2023年职称英语卫生B级考试阅读理解试题附答案 2023年职称英语卫生B级考试阅读理解试题附答案我所遇见的每一个人，或多或少都是我的老师，由于我从他们身上学到了东西。
以下是我为大家搜寻整理的2023年职称英语卫生B 级考试阅读理解试题解析附答案，期望能给大家带来帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分) 待补充下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。
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第三篇Medicine Award Kicksoff Nobel Prize Announcements 题目暂无Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth ofcancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2023winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American CarolGreider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme researchand experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first NobelPrizes were handed out in 1901.The last female winner was U. S. researcherLinda Buck in 2023, who shared the prize withRichard Axel.Among the pairs possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon andAmericans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studyingproteins called nuclear hormone receptors.As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in therunning before presenting its decision in a news conference at StockholmsKarolinska Institute.Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established theprizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry,literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968creation of Swedens central bank.Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicinewinners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body ofresearch.Hans Jomvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10million kronor (US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research buthe did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists."Individual researchers probably dont look at themselves aspotential Nobel Prize winners when theyre at work', Jornvall told TheAssociated Press. "They get their kicks from their research and theirinterest in how life functions.'In 2023, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco,and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prizefor basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Theirwork set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase tosustain their uncontrolled growth.31.Who is most unlikely to win the Nobel Prize in medicine?A Hans Jornvall.B Carol Greider.C Pierre Chambon.D Elizabeth Blackburn.32.Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?A He left clear instructions on how to select winners.B He was from Sweden.C He invented dynamite.D He established the Nobel Prizes in his will.33.Originally the Nobel Prizes did NOT includeA The peace prize.B The economics prize.C The literature prize.D The medicine prize.34.The word "kicks' in Paragraph 8 probably meansA money.B enjoyment.C respect.D knowledge.35.Telomerase may play a key role inA the unchecked growth of cancer cellsB the killing of cancer cellsC the division of normal cellsD the transmission of viruses文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
xx职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解试题带答案(五)
xx职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解试题带答案（五）Stan Field knows what age can do to a person's memory,and he's not taking any chances with his.He chooses his food carefully and gets plenty of exercise.He also avoids stress,coca cola and cigarette smoke.What's more,at breakfast each morning,the 69-year-old chemical engineer swallows a plateful of pills in the hope of boosting his brain power.Michelle Arnove is less than half Field's age,but no less concerned about hermemory.While working round the clock to finish a degree in film studies,the 33-year-old New Yorker had the alarming sensation that she had stopped retaining anything."Icouldn't even remember names," she says."1 thought,'Ohno,I'm over 30.It's all downhill from here." Besides loading up on supplements,Arnove signed up for a memory-enhancing course at New York's Mount Siani MedicalCenter.And when she got there,she found herself surrounded by people who were just as worried as she was.For millions of Americans,and especially for baby boomers (生育顶峰期出生的人),the demands of the Information Age conflict with a sense of declining physical power."When boomers were in their 30s and 40s,they launched the fitness boom," says Cynthia Green,the psychologist who teaches Mount Sinai's memory class."Now we have the mental-fitnessboom.Memory is the boomers' new life-crisis issue." And of course a major marketing opportunity.The demand for books and seminars has never been greater,says Jack Lannom,a Iongtime memory trainer whose weekly TV show,"Mind Unlimited," goes out to 33 million homes on the Christian Network.Anxious consumers are rushing to buy do-it-yourself programs and supplement makers are trying to sell everything but sawdust (木屑) as a brain booster.But before you get out your checkbook,a few questions are in order.Does everyday forgetfulness signal declining brain function? Is "megamemory" (超强记忆) a realistic goal for normal people? And if you could have a perfect memory,would you really want it? Until recently,no one could address those issues with much authority,but our knowledge of memory is exploding.New techniques are revealing how different parts of the brain interact to preserve meaningful experiences.Biologists are trying to understand the underlying (潜在的) chemical processes and neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) are discovering howage,stress ,and other factors can disrupt them.No one is close to finding the secret to perfect recall,but as you'll see,that may be just as well.11.What does Stan Field take at breakfast?A.Food only.B.Food and pills.C.Nothing.D.A.plateful of pills only.12.What is the meaning of "working round the clock"?A.Repairing clocks.B.Making clocks.C.Working with a clock nearby.D.Working day and night.13.Many baby-boomers living in the Information Age feel thatA.their financial status is declining.B.their political influence is declining.C.their physical power is declining.D.their will power is declining.14.Which of the following does NOT indicate people's enhanced awareness of the importance of memory?A.More demand for books on memory.B.More demand for seminars on memory.C.More demand for memory-enhancing supplements.D.More demand for coca cola and cigarettes.15.Aording to the writer， the secret to perfect memoryA.has been found.B.will never be found.C.was found a long time ago.D.is not in sight yet.答案：11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.D。
职称英语教材-卫生类阅读理解50篇文章(含注释练习及答案解析) 专业文档
第一篇Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the PoorNanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter. These include things like beauty products1 and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots2 could be used to confirm cases of malaria. He says k could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person's blood under a microscope.In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off3 light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.4Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health5 talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.6Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles7. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.词汇：nanotechnology / 'naensutekinDbdsi In.纳米技术matter /丨maet9(r)/ n.物质molecule /'mDlikjuil/ n.分子atom /'aetsm/ n.原子nanometer /'naensumiito(r) / n.纳米，毫微米(长度单位，=10_9m) one-billionth n.十亿分之一dirt-resistant adj.防尘的，防污的promise /'prDmis/ n.希望，前途program /'prsugraem/ ( = programme) n.节目，节目单；vt.为……编制程序scholar /丨skDb(r) / n.学者quantum /'kwDntom/ n.量；量子dot /dDt/ n.(小）点，圆点confirm /kan丨f3:m/ vt.确认;证实case / keis/ n.病症；病例；患者malaria /m^'lesria/ n.症（疾）misuse /ifnis'juis/ vt.误用，滥用；n.误用，滥用particle /'paitikl/ n.颗粒，微粒；粒子activate /'aektiveit/ vt.使激活identify /(a)i丨dentifai/ vt.辨认diagnose /'daisgn^uz/ vt.诊断（疾病）investment /in1 vestment/ n.投资；投资额注释：1. beauty product:美容产品2. quantum dot (QD):量子点。
职称英语理工A阅读理解真题及答案
职称英语理工A阅读理解真题及答案Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才能)also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft(选抜)，he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough—no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful(难对付的人)for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(骨折)in his left foot, a collective shudder(震动)spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery processWestern experts are generally skeptical of TCM’s benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.“There is no reason to dismiss TCM,” Yao told a press conference in Beijing.” It’s been used in our country for thousands of years. I don’t think that it’s short on science.”31.【题干】The word “towering” in Paragraph 1 means_____【选项】rge.B.fat.C.tall.D.great.【答案】C【解析】32.【题干】Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_____【选项】A.mobility.B.assault.C.defense.D.celebrity.【答案】A【解析】33.【题干】Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_____【选项】A.his right foot had been hurting.B.he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C.the surgical operation had been a failure.D.he couldn’t afford all the medical expenses.【答案】B【解析】34.【题干】Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?【选项】A.He missed the Athens Olympics.B.He is an NBA player.C.He fractured his left foot.D.He is an international figure.【答案】A【解析】35.【题干】In general, the Western experts’ attitude towards TCM is_____.【选项】A.indifferent.B.positive.C.negative.D.doubtful.【答案】D【解析】阅读理解第二篇Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化)TheSahel zone lies between the Saharadesert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原)ofnorthern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional ,andthis is a good description of thesesemi-arid(半干旱)lands,whichoccupy much of the Western African countries of Mail,Mauritania,Niger,and Chad.Unfortunately, over the last century theSahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land inagriculture use in Africa has deterioratedover the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recentlasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process ofdesertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desertadvances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.One ofthe major causes of this desert advance ispoor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population.Overgrazing一keeping too many farm animals on the land一means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water suppliesare exhausted. Overcultivation一tryingto grow too many crops on poor land一resultsin the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soilerosion (侵蚀) follows, and the land turns into desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cutdown for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help tobind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat forother plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry andloosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventuallythe fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock anddust.The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. Theyare,however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainableagricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessenthe effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Malifunded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management offorest,while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的)agriculturaleconomy. This may be a model for similar projects in otherWest African countries.35 order to prevent desertification,the author proposes ___.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainableagricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land intoforest答案：b36.The Sahel zone is an area which ___.A. is covered with sad and grassB. has a long historyC. occupies much of South NigeriaD. belongs to Sudan答案：a37. What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?A. The deserts are replaced withgrasslandsB. The deserts are expandingC. the deserts are moving northwardsD. the deserts are being deserted答案：b38. The word “deteriorated ” in paragraph2 means ___.A. deepenedB. sufferedC. slippedD. worsened答案：d39. What is the root causeof desertification?A. poor farmingB. overpopulationC. radical climate changeD. disappearance of rare plant species答案：a40. In order to prevent desertification,the author proposes ___.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainableagricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land intoforest答案：b第三篇OlderV olcanic EruptionsV olcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because theywere bigger，but because the carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)theyreleased wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the linkbetween volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptionskilled off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To hissurprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage theyseemed to do. He calculated the “killing efficiency” for thesevolcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volumeof lava (熔岩) that they produced. He found that sizefor size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping outlife as their more recent rivalsThe Permian (二叠纪)extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size ofwestern Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10gigatonnes (十亿吨) of carbon as carbon dioxide. The globalwarming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera (种类)at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity andglobal warming but no mass extindtion. Some animals did disappear but thingsreturned to normal within tens of thousands of years. “The most recentones hardly have an effect at all,” Wignall says. He ignored theextinction which wiped out the dinosaurs (恐龙) 65million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid (小行星). Hethinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent lifeforms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France,says that Wignall’s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard todo these sorts ofcalculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousandsor millions of years. He also adds that itis difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and thatlava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.41.Older volcanic eruptions did moredamage than more recent ones becauseA. older volcanoes were brighter.B. carbon dioxide made the earth muchwarmerC. older volcanoes were hotterD. carbon dioxide killed off life moreeasily答案：d42. Wignall calculated the killing powerof those older volcanic eruptions byA. estimating how long they lastedB. counting the dinosaurs they killedC. comparing the proportion of lifekilled with the volume of lava producedD. studying the chemical composition oflava答案：c43. When did dinosaurs become extinct?A. 300 million years ago.B. 250 million years agoC. 65 million years agoD. 60 million years ago答案：c44. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3that the cause of dinosaur extinction is_______A. a political issue.B. self-evident.C. quite certainD. controversial答案：d45. What is the main thesis of thearticle?A. V olcanic eruptions are not alwaysdeadly.B. Carbon dioxide emissions often giverise to global warming.C. Older volcanic eruptions are moredestructiveD. It is not easy to calculate the killingpower of a volcanic eruption答案：c。
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Stress Level Tied to Education Levellevel is closely related to. social status.,031adults were interviewed. on a daily basis for 8 days.group reported the biggest number of stressful days People with college degrees.less advantaged people are, the greater. the impact of stress on their health is.people report fewer days of stress possibly because. Stress is too common a factor in their life.Medical Journalsmain readers of medical journals are. health professionals.of the following statements is NOT true Most medical journals publish only online.many major types of articls are mentioned in the passage Five.article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called. A research article.to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on. Articles published in that journal.Need for Emphasis on Treatmentis true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries They are not receiving any treatment.WHO publishes its World Health Report. Once a year.to Lee, our response to the AIDS disease is. A matter of great significance.treatment programs may also result in. more effective prevention.many people have died of AIDS so far More than 20 million.Heat and Healththan 600 people died from heat in Chicago. In 1995.can piople learn from the Mean Heat Index The average temperature of an extremely hot day.heat wave is a period of time during which. The weather is much hotter than usual.pain in hot weather means that. Your body needs more water.people who are not in good health,heat can. Be deadly.Losing Weightstudy showed that most of the girls. Had a healthy body weight.percentage of the girls considered themselves overweight Nearly 30 percent.survey participants were girls. Who were 10 to 14.kind of institution does the lead researcher work with A hospital.attitudes about weight,body image and food may. Lead to an eating disorder.Pushbike Perilto the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because. they are not noble enough. paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal iniuries. To tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the projict.3 mainly discusses. how serious injuries occur.passage implies that. It is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. which of the following ways the handgrip work It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents.Aate-night Erinkingauthor mentions “pick-me-up”to indicate that. coffee is a stimulant.of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep Caffeine halves the body’s levels of sleep hormone.does paragraph 3 mainly discuss Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.author of this passage probably agrees that. we should not drink coffee after supper.Attitudes to AIDS Nowdo activists worry about People may stop worrying about AIDS.to the passage, people’s attitude toward the cure of AIDS is. realistic.Gallup Poll shows that the number of people. Who think AIDS is the country’s top health killer has fallen. to the Kaiser Poll, which of the following is NOT correct More and more people die of AIDS now.word“message”in the last paragraph means. Central idea.Ulcersto the passage, which of the following is a very likely cause of ulcer in men Smoking and stress.factors contribute to over half the lcers Environmental factors.relation to ulcers, experts study twins in order to examine. The roles of both genetic and environmental factors.4.“E nvironmental effects”in the fourth paragraph refers to effects brought about by.smoking and stress in men and use of pain-killing medicine in women. passage argues that. ulcers are chiefly related to lifestyle.Cigars Insteadto the report, smoking three or four cigars a day. greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily Seven.is the main idea of the article“Cigars:Health Effects and Trends”When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.is the doctors’advice to those cigar-smokers To give it up completely.the context of this passage,“secondhand smoke”means. being near cigar smokers when they are smoking.Sleeplessnessword “insomnia”in the first paragraph means. having trouble falling or staying asleep.many possible causes of sleeplessness are mentioned in the second paragraph Six.expression“second on the list”in the second paragraph means. the second most important cause of sleeplessness. the use of sleeping pills, which of the following stastements is true Sleeping pills should be used in a very small amount.of the followng does not fit with sleep hygiene Making a rule to go to bed at a specific time every day.Common-cold Senseto the essay, you may have a cold because. the weather is too cold.best way to keep yourself from getting colds is. to keep yourself clean.have more colds because. they are not immune to many cold viruses yet.you are having a cold. It is certainly not the same kend of cold that oyu had ladt time.one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT. Having s stomachache.Drug Reactions —a Major CAUSE OF Deathat the University of Toronto believe that. ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 years.investigators say that. % of all hospitalized patients in America experience ADRs each year on average. American research estimates that the total sum of money spent in treating ADRs each year is as much as. ＄4,000,000,000. Canadian investigators think that the ADRincidence figures from their research. are perhaps less than the real amount.to Dr. David Bates, hospitals in America. are not paying enough attention to possibilities of ADR happenings.Dreamsare in general two opinions about what we experience in a dream: one,dreams prt new information into our memories,and two, dreams have real meanings in pictures different from our lonical thinking. to this article,we. almost always see different “pictures”when we are dreaming.your dreams, you. seldom feel fear now and joy later.essay tells us that. people usually dream in REM sleep.on what is discussed in this writing, an adult may have at most about of the time of his or her sleep dreaming. 25%.Diabeteswriting is meant to tell people. what diabetes is.person with diabetes may have had all the following signw EXCEPT. becoming fatter and fatter.of the following statements is TRUE We find more persons with Type 2 diabetes amond adults than childen.you have Type 2 diabetes, it is sometimes possible to find that. your father has diabetes too.person with diabetes may find that. there is too much glucose in their blood.Sleepquestion raised in Paragraph 1 is “no mere academic one”.because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.to the passage, the main problem about night work is that.your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be. To employ people who will always work at night.the second paragraph, “the third”means. the third week.the last sentence of the second paragraph, “another”means. another routine.Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancerwas the experiment conducted In a hospital.was the dogs’average success rate 41%many people took part in the experiment 144 sick and healthy people.happened to a person who had tested healthy before the study He was found to have cancer.is NOT true of bladder cancer It can be identified only by dogs.High Stress May Damage Memorypart of the brain important for a person’s learning and memory is. the hippocampus.the levels of cortisol go higher, the hippocampus in the brain may. Become smaller.to the article, when people feel too worried or nervous or when they overwork. the adrenal glands will prlduce a stresshormone.appears that when total volume of the hippocampus becomes smaller as a result of high blood levels of cortisol, other brain regions. May remain the same in size.research conducted by Porter and Landfield shows that. changes in the levels of adrenal hormones ma affect brain aging.Adaptation of Living Thingsplants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may. become better adapted to the environments thanothers of their kind.the first paragraph, the word “environments”could best be replaced by. surroundings.can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored. to match its environment.of the following is not directly mentioned in the passage A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to show that a living thing may have the ability. Tocreate an environment of its own.FDA:Hunam,Animal Waste Threatens Produce1.“Food-borne diseases”in this essay means those diseases. which people get by eating fruits and vegetables whichhave been poluted.fruit grower groups believe that most food-borne diseases are caused by. people involved in distributing fresh produce.FDA official said that prtting the gridelines into practice. would not be very expensive.groups criticized the FDA guidelines because they didn’t think that these guidelines. Would surely be carried out.last paragraph suggests that. a good way should be found to encourage foreign growers to follow the FDA guidelines.Early or Later Day Careof the following statements would Bowlby supportThe first three years of one’s life is extremely important to the later development of personality. of the following is derivable from Bowlby’s workMothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that.the parent-child relationship is more exclusive in modem societies.of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby’s theoryParents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.of the following best expresses the wreter’s attitude towards early day careThe issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.Egypt Felled by Faminedoes the author mention “pyramid builders”Because even they were unable to rescue their civilisation.of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilisation of ancient Egypt Change of climate.of the following statements is true The White Nile and th Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile.to Krom, Egypt’s Old Kingdom fell. immediately after a period of drought.word “devastating”in the last paragraph could be best replaced by. “damaging”.After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman’s Suicideof the following is NOT a symptom of postpartum psychosis Inflamed breast.was considered fortunate by Stokes’mother in the miserable event. that Stokes had not taken her daughter with her. patient suffering from“baby blues”may present briefly one or more of the following symptoms EXCETP.Having an intention of suicide.many bearing women have experiences of after-birth depression About one fifth of them.induced the most serious consequence among the postpartum depression patients mentioned in the passageJudy Kirby of Indiandpoles.Controlling Growing TB Crisis in Chinapresent in China the TB infection rate. in rural areas is nearly four times as high as that in urban areas.of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a factor making the rural TB burden heavier in ChinaLack of sufficient pysical training.of the following is NOT a measure suggested by WHO that the Chinese government should takeDeveloping the rural economy so as to increase health budgets.anbitious of WHO in reducing the incidence of TB in the Western Pacific region is to.Reduce the incidence of TB by 50% in ten years in the region.the total deaths caused by TB in the Western Pacific region, how many per cent do the deaths in China account for Over 50%Star Qualityof the following was the final result of the pairs figure-skating event at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake CityThe Russian pair and the Canadian pair were each awarded a gold medal. to the new rules proposed by the ISU. only some selected judges will score.does Jerry Bingham express by saying “I remain to be convinced”His doubt.of the following is NOT true of the scoring system for diving when it is compared with that for ice-skating It is more biased.attitude of those concerned in the UK to the new rules proposed by ISUcan be best edscribed as. indifferent.Obesitythe Scourge of the Western Worldis estimated that there are people suffering from obesity in the world. 250,000,000.seems that the people are least affected by obesity among the developed countries and areas mentioned in the passage. Japaneseof the following is most often accompanied by obesity Diabetes.is the correlation between body weight and beart disease and blood pressureThe more body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure he has.the last paragraph we may infer that one of the effective measures suggested by Ludnik to prevent children from being obese would be. to tell them to spend less time watching TV.New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virusto the passage, the attimpt to eradicate the AIDS virus. Continues to be hopeful.is NOT true about the study 16 patients did not go through the whole study.do Ho’s words “Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent”mean AIDS virus can exist in the blood without bieng detected. could we prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining viruses By stopping the drugs to see if the virus comes back.. scientists are looking at experiments that are similar in that they are. bold.Diseases of Agricultural Plantsmany diseases are known to attack wheat Around 40to this passage, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked Social upheavals.is the main idea of the second paragraphSome plants have relateve immunity to a great many diseases,while others have a susceptibility to them.to the passage, some plant diseases can be prevented by. inoculation.of the following statements is not true Symptoms are always helpful in identifying diseases.Obesityis obesity Obesity is being too fat.wi say that “fat is critical for good health,”wi mean that. fat is very important for people to keep healty.a woman is 1.6m tall and weighs 49kg, she. should not be considerde unhealthy.heavy man. may have muscle tissue that weighw more than fat.to this article, fat people may be. Looked down upon by others.Silent and Deadlyof the following is NOT true of ministrokes The cause of them remains unidentified.prevent ministrokes from turning into major strokes, it is important to. seek prompt medical treatment.passage indicates that the symptoms of ministrokes. are frequently hard to recognize.of the following may be signs of ministrokes EXCEPT for. severe headache caused by external injury.can be inferred from the passage that ministrokes are. silent and deadly.Spacing in Animalsof the following is the most appropriate definition of Flight Distance Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing .an animal’s critical distance is penetrated, it will. begin to attack.to the passage, social distance refers to. psychological distance.of the following could best replace the word “band ”in “We can think of it ad a hiddin band that contains the group”(in Paragraph 3) Strip of land.example of the children holding hands when crossing the street in the last paragraph shows that.social distance is cometimes determined by outside factors.How Animals Keep Warmdoes the dormouse defend itself against cold in winter It sleeps continuously.keeps animals alive during hibernation The fat stored in their bodies.hibernation, animals breathe. at a much slower rate.to the passage, what is “migration”moving from one place to another with the season.do irmines survivve in winter They stay in their burrows and live on the food stored there.In-line Skating and Injuriesmany people took part in in-line skating in the US in 1995 Fewer than million.of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the most common reasons for injuries Skating with wrist and elbow woundsare th ethings experts might NOT advise youngsters to wear Boots and thick clothes.4.“Truck-surfign ”means. skatning while holding onto a movingtruck.to the last paragraph, bumping with a motor vehicle took up of th edeaths reported since 1992. over 80%.Eat to Liveto the passage, which of the following is NOT true We have to begin dieting from childood.does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2 To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice. can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers The mice that started dieting in old age.to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that. dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life.Single-parent Kids Do Best1. With which of the following statements would the arthor probably agree Two-parent families produce less attractivechildren.to the passage, in what way does family conflict affect the quality of the offspring The young males tet less care.is the relationship between paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 Experiment and result.to Hartley, which of the following is NOT influenced by sexual conflict The offspring’sbody size.to the passage, people believe that a female’sreproductive strategy is infuenced by. ecological factors.Chronic Diseases:the World’s Leading Killermany people in developing countres are expected to die of chronic diseases by 2015 More than 304 million.to chronic diseases China will face. huge economic losses.can NOT be learned from the passage Chronic disseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people. recently the main killers in Asia and the Pacific have been. infectious and parasitic diseases.is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths Timely medical treatment.Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Strokemany people surviving the first stroke may suffer another attack during the following five years 20% of them.two blood pressure-lowiring drugs may produce less risk of secondary strokes than taking only one such drug.about one fourteenth.of the following is NOT a symptom left by strokes Habitual sleeplessness.many strokes may be reduced in a year if most of stroke patients can be treated in the way as the article recommends 500,000 patients among those who have had a stroke will benefit greatly from taking blood pressure-lowering drugs All of the above.Pregnancy Anomalies May Lower Breast Cancer Riskof the following may have NOTHING to do with a decline in breast cancer incidenceExperiencing serious morning sickness during the early period of pregnancy. to the study, whaton earth may play an important role in lowering breast cancer riskThe changes in the levels of hormones and other substances in the mother’sbody. the fifth paragraph we may infer that pregnant women whose blood pressure may have the least risk of breast cancer.Increases the most. of the following is NOT a function of the palacenta Protecting the mother against breast cancer.that Cohn is of finding out the exact mechanisms at work. confident.Pool Watchmeans the same as. artificial intelligence.is required of AI software to save a life It can distinguish between a wimmer and a shadow.does Poseidon save a life It alerts the lifeguard.of the following statements about Travor Baylis is NOT true He runs.word “considered”in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by. “rated”.Thirsty in Karachito the passage, people in Karachi today suffer from a short supply of water because.old networds can not meet the need of the city’s greatly-increased population. people in Karachi do not hide or disguise the suction pumps they use to steal water because.many households have them and there are very few inspectors around to try to find them.with a severe shortage of water supply, the city’s Water and Sewerage Board.tries to improve the water supply system with borrowed money.of the following in true of the owners of the suction pumps, if their neighbors have equally powerful pumps as they doThey only pay more for electricity.of the following is true about the author when he is back home in London He is content with the water supply in London.Don’t Count on Dungword “threatened”in the first sentence fo the first paragraph could be best replaced by. “endangered”.do researchers estimate elephant numbers in an area by counting dung piles Because it is not possible to count elephants from a plane.of dung can’t be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers because. they are defferent in the rate of decay. researchers carry out a dung-pile census, according to Plumptre, the area selected should be.so large that elephants can’t move in and out of it freey.of the following are indirect evidence EXCEPT. trunks.More about Alzheimer’s Diseasenewly developed skin tests may be used in the future to allow doctors to. Predict who might get Alzheimer’s disease. passage indicates that Alzheimer’s is a disease. not easy to be diagnosed.of the following statements about the Alzheimer’s disease is NOT true There are many ways to deal with and cure the disease now.is the relationship between Alzhimer’s and dementia Dementia is one of the signs of Alzhimer’s.last paragraph implies that the diagnostic test. may not be proven valid smoothly.Education of Strdents with Vision Impairmentsadaptive aids are used to. help children see more clearly, read books and so on . books are those books which. Have large words in them.blind students prefer listening to books because. this can save eime.4.“Orientation and mobility training”is meant to teach blind and partially sighted children. how to move around without other people’shelp. may be good for children with vision imparments to live in special schools because these schools.can save them the trouble of coming from and going back to their homes.Water Pollutionto this passage, which of the folowing tatements is true of yearly water. Most water is used for farming.2 suggests all of the following EXCEPT that. EPA is responsible for causing serious water pollrtion in America.runoff causes fish to die partly because. the fast-growing algae have used up the oxygen in the water where they live. important idea of paragraph 4 is that. cutting down too mant trees may also cause water pollution.main subject of the last paragraph is. The Increasing World Oil Production.DNA Fingerprintingto the essay, we can find chromosomes. in a sheep.fingerprintng is more often used for. providing evidence in court investigations.your brother looks exactly like you, your complete DNA may be. exactly like his.people believe that using a DNA fingerprint may not be so reliable because.mistakes are possible when researchers explain the results of their tests. essay talks about DNA fingerprinting concerning the following aspects EXCEPT.possible danger in drawing a DNA sample from the human body.Malnutritionis the cause of much of the sickness and death Malnutrition.is the writer’s attitude toward the serious situation We should act.many countries have made plans of action for nutrition 98.of the following is NOT the harm of lacking iron Impaired intellectual development.of the following is NOT mentioned as a remedy for iron edficiency Drinking coffee soon after meals.Phobiato the passage, a phobic person has fear. even if he knows that his fear is unnecessary.the following wymptoms may be experienced by a phobic EXCEPT. forgetting things.faced with the object or situation they are afraid of , most phobics. Try to stay away from the object or situation.suffering from agoraphobia may be afraid of. taking the bus in rush hours.desensitization and exposure therapy are similar ways of treating phobias. Because both are behavioral methods.the beginning of paragraph one we are told that scientists can not agree. How much of IQ comes from genes.does “some”in the second sentence of paragraph one stands for Genes.gene for chopsticks flexibility is found t to be. unrelated to the ability to use chopsticks.’s IQ-gene study is similar to the chopsticks gene finding in that. there may not be a causal link between gene and intelligence.does Feinberg mean by saing “I would take these findings with a whole box of salt”He doubts the findings very much.A Gay Biologistfirst paragraph mainly describes Hamer’s. looks, hobbies and character.was a. biologist.is Hamer doing now He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one’s personality. happened to Hamer’s research interest He turned to behavioral genetics.to Hamer, what was one of the main reasons for him to choose homosexual behavior as his research subjectHe was curious about it as a scientist.Mental Retardationtwo major criteria for judging mental retardation are. levels of intelligence and daily living skills.person of high intelligence will probably score. Above 110 on an IQ test.of the following is NOT true of mental retardation It is not incurable.the following factors may cause mental retardation EXCEPT. a healthy lifestyle before and after a woman’s pregnancy. word “While”in the last sentence of the last but one paragraph can best be replaced by. “Although”.。