网页设计与制作外文翻译文献
网站设计与实现中英文对照外文翻译文献
网站设计与实现中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)H O L I S T I C W E B B R O W S I N G:T R E N D S O F T H E F U T U R EThe future of the Web is everywhere. The future of the Web is not at your desk. It’s not necessarily in your pocket, either. It’s everywhere. With each new technological innovation, we continue to become more and more immersed in the Web, connecting the ever-growing layer of information in the virtual world to the real one around us. But rather than get starry-eyed with utopian wonder about this bright future ahead, we should soberly anticipate the massive amount of planning and design work it will require of designers, developers and others.The gap between technological innovation and its integration in our daily lives is shrinking at a rate much faster than we can keep pace with—consider the number of unique Web applications you signed up for in the past year alone. T his has resulted in a very fragmented experience of the Web. While running several different browsers, with all sorts of plug-ins, you might also be running multiple standalone applications to manage feeds, social media accounts and music playlists.Even though we may be adept at switching from one tab or window to another, we should be working towards a more holistic Web experience, one that seamlessly integrates all of the functionality we need in the simplest and most contextual way. With this in mind, l et’s review four trends that designers and developers would be wise to observe and integrate into their work so as to pave the way for a more holistic Web browsingexperience:1.The browser as operating system,2.Functionally-limited mobile applications,3.Web-enhanced devices,4.Personalization.1. The Browser As Operating SystemThanks to the massive growth of Web productivity applications, creative tools and entertainment options, we are spending more time in the browser than ever before. The more time we spend there, the less we make use of the many tools in the larger operating system that actually runs the browser. As a result, we’re beginning to expect the same high level of reliability and sophistication in our Web experience that we get from our operating system.For the most part, our expectations have been met by such innovations as Google’s Gmail, Talk, Calendar and Docs applications, which all offer varying degrees of integration with one another, and online image editing tools like Picnik and Adobe’s on line version of Photoshop. And those expec tations will continue to be met by upcoming releases, such as the Chrome operating system—we’re already thinking of our browsers as operating systems. Doing everything on the Web was once a pipe dream, but now it’s a reality.U B I Q U I T YThe one limitation of Web browsers that becomes more and more obvious as we make greater use of applications in the cloud is the lack of usable connections between open tabs. Most users have grown accustomed to keeping many tabs open, switching back and forth rapidly between Gmail, Google Calendar, Google Docs and various social media tools. But this switching from tabto tab is indicative of broken connections between applications that really ought to be integrated.Mozilla is attempting to functionally connect tools that we use in the browser in a more intuitive and rich way with Ubiquity. While it’s definitely a step in the right direction, the command-line approach may be a barrier to entry for thoseunable to let go of the mouse. In the screenshot below, you can see how Ubiquity allows you to quickly map a location shown on a Web page without having to open Google Maps in another tab. This is one example of integrated functionality without which you would be required to copy and paste text from one tab to another. Ubi quity’s core capability, which is creating a holistic browsing experience by understanding basic commands and executing them using appropriate Web applications, is certainly the direction in which the browser is heading.This approach, wedded to voice-recognition software, may be how we all navigate the Web in the next decade, or sooner: hands-free.T R A C E M O N K E Y A N D O G GMeanwhile, smaller, quieter releases have been paving the way to holistic browsing. This past summer, Firefox released an update to its software that includes a brand new JavaScript engine called TraceMonkey. This engine delivers a significant boost in speed and image-editing functionality, as well as the ability to play videos without third-party software or codecs.Aside from the speed advances, which are always welcome, the image and video capabilities are perfect examples of how the browser is encroaching on the operating system’s territory. Being able to edit images in the browser could replace the need for local image-editing software on your machine, andpotentially for separate applications such as Picnik. At this point, it’s not certain how sophisticated this functionality can be, and so designers and ordinary users will probably continue to run local copies of Photoshop for some time to come.The new video functionality, which relies on an open-source codeccalled Ogg, opens up many possibilities, the first one being for developers who do not want to license codecs. Currently, developers are required to license a codec if they want their videos to be playable in proprietary software such as Adobe Flash. Ogg allows video to be played back in Firefox itself.What excites many, though, is that the new version of Firefox enables interactivitybetween multiple applications on the same page. One potential application of this technology, as illustrated in the image above, is allowing users to click objects in a video to get additional information about them while the video is playing.2. Functionally-Limited Mobile ApplicationsSo far, our look at a holistic Web experience has been limited to the traditional br owser. But we’re also interacting with the Web more and more on mobile devices. Right now, casual surfing on a mobile device is not a very sophisticated experiences and therefore probably not the main draw for users. Thecombination of small screens, inconsistent input options, slow connections and lack of content optimized for mobile browsers makes this a pretty clumsy, unpredictable and frustrating experience, especially if y ou’re not on an iPhone.However, applications written specifically for mobile environments and that deal with particular, limited sets of data—such as Google’s mobile apps,device-specific applications for Twitter and Facebook and the millions of applications in the iPhone App Store—look more like the future of mobile Web use. Because the mobile browsing experience is in its infancy, here is some advice on designing mobile experiences: rather than squeezing full-sized Web applications (i.e. ones optimized for desktops and laptops) into the pocket, designers and developers should become proficient at identifying and executing limited functionality sets for mobile applications.A M A Z O N M OB I L EA great example of a functionally-limited mobile application is Amazon’s interface for the iPhone (screenshot above). Amazon has reduced the massive scale of its website to the most essential functions: search, shopping cart and lists. And it has optimized the layout specifically for the iPhone’s smaller screen.FA C E B O O K F O R I P H O N EFacebook continues to improve its mobile version. The latest version includes a simplified landing screen, with an icon for every major function of the website in order of priority of use. While information has been reduced and segmented, the scope of the website has not been significantly altered. Each new update brings the app closer to replicating the full experience in a way that feels quite natural.G M A I L F O R I P H O N EFinally,Gmail’s iPhone application is also i mpressive. Google has introduced a floating bar to the interface that allows users to batch process emails, so thatt hey don’t have to open each email in order to deal with it.3. Web-Enhanced DevicesMobile devices will proliferate faster than anything the computer industry has seen before, thereby exploding entry points to the Web. But the Web will vastly expand not solely through personal mobile devices but through completely new Web-enhanced interfaces in transportation vehicles, homes, clothing and other products.In some cases, Web enhancement may lend itself to marketing initiatives and advertising; in other cases, connecting certain devices to the Web will make them more useful and efficient. Here are three examples of Web-enhanced products or services that we may all be using in the coming years: W E B-E N H A N C E D G R O C E RY S H O P P I N GWeb-connected grocery store “VIP” card s may track customer spending as they do today: every time you scan your customer card, your purchases are added to a massive database that grocery stores use to guide their stocking choices. In exchange for your data, the stores offer you discounts on selected products. Soon with Web-enhanced shopping, stores will be able to offer you specific promotions based on your particular purchasing history, and in real time (as illustrated above). This will give shoppers more incentive to sign up for VIP programs and give retailers more flexibility and variety with discounts, sales and other promotions.W E B-E N H A N C E D U T I L I T I E SOne example of a Web-enhanced device we may all see in our homes soon enough is a smart thermostat (illustrated above), which will allow users not only to monitor their power usage using Google PowerMeter but to see their current charges when it matters to them (e.g. when they’re turning up the heater, not sitting in front of a computer).W E B-E N H A N C E D P E R S O N A L B A N K I N GAnother useful Web enhancement would be a display of your current bank account balance directly on your debit or credit card (as shown above). This data would, of course, be protected and displayed only after you clear a biometric security system that reads your fingerprint directly on the card. Admittedly, this idea is rife with privacy and security implications, but something like this will nevertheless likely exist in the not-too-distant future.4. PersonalizationThanks to the rapid adoption of social networking websites, people have become comfortable with more personalized experiences online. Being greeted by name and offered content or search results based on their browsing history not only is common now but makes the Web more appealing to many. The next step is to increase the user’s control of their personal information and to offer more tools that deliver new information tailored to them.C E N T R A L I Z ED P R O F I LE SIf you’re like most people, you probably maintain somewhere between two to six active profiles on various social networks. Each profile contains a set of information about you, and the overlap varies. You probably have unique usernames and passwords for each one, too, though using a single sign-on service to gain access to multiple accounts is becoming more common. But wh y shouldn’t the information you submit to these accounts follow the same approach? In the coming years, what you tell people about yourself online will be more and more under your control. This process starts with centralizing your datain one profile,which will then share bits of it with other profiles. This way, if your information changes, you’ll have to update your profile only once.D ATA O W NE R S H I PThe question of who owns the data that you share online is fuzzy. In many cases, it even remains unaddressed. However, as privacy settings on social networks become more and more complex, users are becoming increasingly concerned about data ownership. In particular, the question of who owns the images, video and messages created by users becomes significant when a user wants to remove their profile. To put it in perspective, Royal Pingdom, inits Internet 2009 in Numbers report, found that 2.5 billion photos were uploaded to Facebook each month in 2009! The more this number grows, the more users will be concerned about what happens to the content they transfer from their machines to servers in the cloud.While it may seem like a step backward, a movement to restore user data storage to personal machines, which would then intelligently share that data with various social networks and other websites, will likely spring up in response to growing privacy concerns. A system like this would allow individuals to assign meta data to files on their computers, such as video clips and photos; this meta data would specify the files’ availability to social network profiles and other websites. Rather than uploading a copy of an image from your computer to Flickr, you would give Flickr access to certain files that remain on your machine. Organizations such as the Data Portability Project areintroducing this kind of thinking accross the Web today.R E C O M M E N D AT I O N E N G I N E SSearch engines—and the whole concept of search itself—will remain in flux as personalization becomes more commonplace. Currently, the major search engines are adapting to this by offering different takes on personalized search results, based on user-specific browsing history. If you are signed in to your Google account and search for a pizza parlor, you will more likely see local results. With its social search experiment, Google also hopes to leverage your social network connections to deliver results from people you already know. Rounding those out with real-time search results gives users a more personal search experience that is a much more realistic representation of the rapid proliferation of new information on the Web. And because the results are filtered based on your behavior and preferences, the search engine will continue to “learn” more about you in order to provide the most useful information.Another new search engine is attempting to get to the heart of personalized results. Hunch provides customized recommendations of information based onusers’ answers to a set of questions for each query. The more you use it, the better the engine gets at recommending information. As long as you maintain a profile with Hunch, you will get increasingly satisfactory answers to general questions like, “Where should I go on vacation?”The trend of personalization will have significant impact on the way individual websites and applications are designed. Today, consumer websites routinely alter their landing pages based on the location of the user. Tomorrow, websites might do similar interface customizations for individual users. Designers anddevelopers will need to plan for such visual and structural versatility to stay on the cutting edge.整体网页浏览：对未来的发展趋势克里斯托弗·巴特勒未来的网页无处不在。
互联网Web服务中英文对照外文翻译文献
互联网Web服务中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)An internet-based logistics management system forenterprise chains.Developing the internet-based application toolWeb services offer new opportunities in business landscape, facilitating a global marketplace where business rapidly create innovative products and serve customers better. Whatever that business needs is, Web services have the flexibility to meet the demand and allow to accelerate outsourcing. In turn, the developer can focus on building core competencies to create customer and shareholder value. Application development is also more efficient because existing Web services, regardless of where they were developed, can easily be reused.Many of the technology requirements for Web services exist today, such as open standards for business to-business applications, mission-critical transaction platforms and secure integration and messaging products. However, to enable robust and dynamic integration of applications, the industry standards and tools that extend the capabilities of to days business-to-business interoperability are required. The key to taking full advantage of Web services is to understand what Web services are and how the market is likely to evolve. One needs to be able to invest inplatforms and applications today that will enable the developer to quickly and effectively realize these benefits as well as to be able to meet the specific needs and increase business productivity.Typically, there are two basic technologies to be implemented when dealing with internet-based applications; namely server-based and client-based. Both technologieshave their strong points regarding development of the code and the facilities they provide. Server-based applications involve the development of dynamically created web pages. These pages are transmitted to the web browser of the client and contain code in the form of HTML and JA V ASCRIPT language. The HTML part is the static part of the page that contains forms and controls for user needs and the JA V ASCRIPT part is the dynamic part of the page. Typically, the structure of the code can be completely changed through the intervention of web server mechanisms added on thetransmission part and implemented by server-based languages such as ASP, JSP, PHP, etc. This comes to the development of an integrated dynamic page application where user desire regarding problem peculiarities (calculating shortest paths, execute routing algorithms, transact with the database, etc.) is implemented by appropriately invoking different parts of the dynamic content of such pages. In server-based applications allcalculations are executed on the server. In client-based applications, JA V A applets prevail. Communication of the user is guaranteed by the well-known JA V A mechanism that acts as the medium between the user and code.Everything is executed on the client side. Data in this case have to be retrieved, once and this might be the time-consuming part of the transaction.In server-based applications, server resources are used for all calculations and this requires powerful server facilities with respect to hardware and software. Client-based applications are burdened with data transmission (chiefly related to road network data). There is a remedy to that; namely caching. Once loaded, they are left in the cache archives of the web browser to be instantly recalled when needed.In our case, a client-based application was developed. The main reason was the demand from the users point of view for personal data discretion regarding their clients. In fact, this information was kept secret in our system even from the server side involved.Data management plays major role in the good function of our system. This role becomes more substantial when the distribution takes place within a large and detailed road network like this of a major complex city. More specifically, in order to produce the proposed the routing plan, the system uses information about:●the locations of the depot and the customers within the road networkof the city (their co-ordinates attached in the map of the city),●the demand of the customers serviced,●the capacity of the vehicles used,●the spatial characteristics of road segments of the net work examined, ●the topography of the road network,●the speed of the vehicle, considering the spatial characteristics of theroad and the area within of which is moved,●the synthesis of the company fleet of vehicles.Consequently, the system combines, in real time, the available spatial characteristics with all other information mentioned above, and tools for modelling, spatial, non-spatial, and statistical analysis, image processing forming a scalable, extensible and interoperable application environment. The validation and verification of addresses of customers ensure the accurate estimation of travel times and distances travelled. In the case of boundary in the total route duration, underestimates of travel time may lead to failure of the programmed routing plan whereas overestimates can lower the utilization of drivers andvehicles, and create unproductive wait times as well (Assad, 1991). The data corresponding to the area of interest involved two different details. A more detailed network, appropriately for geocoding (approximately250,000 links) and a less detailed for routing (about 10,000 links). The two networks overlapped exactly. The tool that provides solutions to problems of effectively determining the shortest path, expressed in terms of travel time or distance travelled, within a specific road network, using the D ijkstra’s algorithm(Winston,1993). In particular, the Dijkstra’s algorithm is used in two cases during the process of developing the routing plan. In the first case, it calculates the travel times between all possible pairs of depot and customers so that the optimizer would generate the vehicle routes connecting them and in the second case it determines the shortest path between two involved nodes (depot or customer) in the routing plan, as this was determined by the algorithm previously. Due to the fact, that U-turn and left-,right-turn restrictions were taken into consideration for network junctions, an arc-based variant of the algorithm was taken into consideration (Jiang, Han, & Chen, 2002).The system uses the optimization algorithms mentioned in the following part in order to automatically generate the set of vehicle routes (which vehicles should deliver to which customers and in which order) minimizing simultaneously the vehicle costs and the total distance travelled by the vehicles This process involves activities that tend to be more strategic and less structured than operational procedures. The system helpsplanners and managers to view information in new way and examine issues such as:●the average cost per vehicle, and route,●the vehicle and capacity utilization,●the service level and cost,●the modification of the existing routing scenario by adding orsubtracting customers.In order to support the above activities, the interface of the proposed system provides a variety of analyzed geographic and tabulated data capabilities. Moreover, the system can graphically represent each vehicle route separately, cutting it o? from the final routing plan and offering the user the capability for perceiving the road network and the locations of depot and customers with all details.物流管理系统发展基于互联网的应用工具Web服务提供的商业景观的新机会，促进全球市场在业务快速推出创新的产品和客户提供更好的服务。
网页设计网站参考文献（Webdesignwebsitereference）
网页设计网站参考文献（Web design website reference）Web design is a broad term that covers many different skills and disciplines that are used in the production and maintenance of websites. [1] web design, different areas include web graphic design, interface design, creation, including standardized code and proprietary software, user experience design and search engine optimization. Many people often work team covers different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover all. [2] web design is usually used to describe the front-end (client) design involved in the design process, including written markup, but this is a gray area, because it is also a web site that covers web development. Web designers are expected to have an understanding of usability, if their role relates to creating markup, and then they are also expected to become the latest page readability guidelines.History (1988-2000 years)Although web design has a fairly near history, it can be linked to other fields, such as graphic design. However, web design is also seen as a technical point of view. It has become a big part of people's daily life. It's hard to imagine animated graphics without the Internet, different styles of typography, backgrounds and music.Website and web design startIn 1989, while working at CERN, Tim Berners Lee proposed the creation of a global hypertext project, which was later known as the world wide web. From 1991 to 1993, the World Wide Webcame into existence. Text pages can be viewed as using only one simple line pattern browser. [3] in 1993, Mark Anderson and Eric Bina created the Mosaic browser. There were multiple browsers at that time, but most of them were based on Unix's natural text weight. There has been no unified approach to graphic design elements, such as images or sound. Mosaic browsers broke this pattern. W3C was founded in October 1994, "through the development of common agreements to promote its development, and to ensure its interoperability led to the world wide web, in order to give full play to its potential." [4] [5] this discouraged any company from exclusive browser and programming language, which could change the effect of the world wide web as a whole. W3C setting standard, can use JavaScript today. Andriessen formed the Mosaic communications company in 1994. The Netscape 0.9 browser, which was later called Netscape Communications. Netscape didn't take into account the traditional standard process to create its own HTML tag. For example, 1.1 of Netscape includes text labels that change background colors and table formats on Web pages. From 1996 to 1999, browser wars began. Browser wars, the battle between Microsoft and Netscape, eventually led the browser. During this time, there are many new technical areas, especially cascading style sheets, JAVASCRIPT, and dynamic HTML. The whole browser competition also led to a lot of positive creation, and helped the rapid development of web design. [6]The evolution of Web DesignIn 1996, Microsoft released its first competitive browser, which has its own features and tags. It was also the first browser supported stylesheet, which was at the time as anobscure creation technique. [6] CSS was developed by W3C in December 1996 to improve the readability of web pages and make the semantics of HTML code, not representation. Layout based becomes very popular, because they give web designers more choices to create websites. The original HTML markup table displays tabular data. But designers quickly realized that they could add to the potential of their design structure elements. They quickly create more complex, multi column layouts than HTML is originally capable. However, little attention has been paid to semantically accessible web pages at this time. As design and good aesthetics seem to take precedence over merit structure. There was also a blank in this period. GIF controls the size of web layout and becomes very popular. HTML sites are limited to their design schemes, and more to earlier versions of HTML. Creating complex design, many web designers have to use complex table structures,Even use the spacing of the blank image. [7] However, flash memory (originally FutureSplash) was developed in 1996. At that time, it was a very simple layout of basic tools and schedules, but it made web designers time to go beyond the HTML point. Today, it has grown so powerful that it can develop the entire site.[7]The first browser war endedOne of the 1998 Netscape Netscape Communicator open-source licenses has enabled thousands of developers to participate in software improvements. However, they decided to stop and start from the beginning, guide the development of open source browser, and quickly expanded to a complete applicationplatform. [6] 2000 is an important year for Microsoft. Internet Explorer has been released in Mac, which is important, because it is the first browser fully support HTML 4.01, CSS 1, improve the standard bar. It's also the first browser that fully supports the PNG image format. [6] at this time the Netscape was sold to the official Microsoft of AOL and Netscape in browser war loss, which is [6]Tools and techniquesWeb designers use a variety of tools, depending on their participation. Which parts of the production process are updated over time, the new standards and software, but the principles behind them remain unchanged. Web graphic designers use software packages to create Web format images or design prototype vectors and raster graphics. Techniques for creating web sites include standardized tags, which can be manually encoded or generated WYSIWYG editing software. There are proprietary software plug-ins that bypass the browser version of the client, which are often WYSIWYG, but use the scripting language options of the software. Search engine optimization tools can be used to check the rankings of search engines, and put forward suggestions for improvement.Other tools that web designers can use include labeling validation [8] and other testing tools for usability and ease of use to ensure that their web sites are in line with web accessibility guidelines. [9]Skills and techniquesLetterpress printingIn general, there is only one successful website, which is a similar style, rather than using a series of fonts, fonts. The best web site should use Sans Serif or serif fonts, not the combination of the two. The number of fonts should be carefully used in the layout of the website, and the good design will incorporate some similar fonts, rather than a type of face range. Most browsers recognize Secure Fonts, and designers mainly use the specific number of complications to avoid. Most of the layouts on the site include whitespace into paragraph text, and also avoid central aligned text. [10]Page layoutWeb pages should well improve user navigation. Also for navigation purposes, the layout of the web page should also be consistent on different pages. [11] when building land, this is very important, because this is a crucial adjustment object, and consider the page width in the layout design. The most popular sites generally have a width of nearly 1024 pixels. Most web pages also have center alignment to make objects look more beautiful and more beautiful on the screen. [12]Quality codeWhen creating a website, it's a good practice, up to standard. This includes errors in code, better for code layout, and ensuring correct identification of your ID and class. This is usually a description of what a specified element is. Failing to make the site unusable or error prone, the readabilityinvolved in the standard, and ensuring that the encoding elements are properly closed to the correct layout of the page. When W3C is validated, it can only be a correct DOCTYPE statement, which is used to highlight errors in the code. System identification errors and areas that do not conform to web design standards. This information can be corrected by the user.[13]Visual designDetermine the website's visual design work and target market for it. This can be an age group or a particular cultural chain, so designers should understand the audience's trends.Designers should also understand that they are designing, which means that a commercial site should not be designed as a social media site, such as the same type of website. Designers should also know the representatives of employers or commercial websites to make sure that they are portrayed as profitable. Aesthetics or the overall design of a web site should not conflict with the content, making it easier for users to browse, and to find the information or products they need [14]User experience designFor users to understand a website, they must be able to understand how the site works. This will affect their experience. User experience related layouts on the website, explicit instructions and logos. Users must understand that they can interact on the web site. For continued use, users must see the usefulness of the site if they continue to use it. Whois proficient and proficient in the use of Web sites, the impact is directly related to how they look at the site, it encourages further use. Therefore, less experienced users are less likely to see the advantages or the usefulness of the site. This, in turn, should be focused on more commonly used designs and accessible traffic networks to accommodate as many users as possible, regardless of the user's skills. [15]OccupationThere are two main tasks include: Web Design and web development work to build a website, they often work closely on the website, [16] is responsible for the visual aspects, including the layout, color and layout of "designer". A web designer will also have the experience of creating a website with various languages such as HTML, CSS, PHP, JavaScript and Flash, although their knowledge will vary from a web designer to a web designer. A person, especially in a smaller organization, will need the necessary skills, web design and programming, while larger organizations may have a web designer who is solely responsible for visual aspects. [17]Further work, in specific circumstances, may become involved in building a website, including:Graphic designers create visual effects such as logos, layouts, and buttonsInternet marketing experts to help the target audience to the scene, through the Internet marketing and promotion of technology, through strategic solutions to maintain thepresence of the site.SEO writers, researchers, and suggest that the right words are incorporated into a specific site, making it easier to find in many search engines.Internet copywriting creates pages of written content to attract the target audience of the web site. [2]User experience (UX) designers combine user focused design considerations, including information architecture, user centric design, user testing, interactive design, and occasional visual design issues.From the website design to astec website:/。
网页制作外文文献及翻译
网页制作Dreamweaver外文文献及翻译Dreamweaver 3.0 is the newest version of Dreamweaver-a tool for compiling web pages, introduced by Macromedia Company. Its feature is "what you see is what you get"-this is really a blessing for novice. Also, it has functions for web site management, facilitating design and management of multiple web sites. Fig. 1 is the interface when Dreamweaver 3. 0 is activated.1. A Brief Introduction of Dream weaverCompared with its predecessor Dreamweaver 2.0, Dreamweaver3.0 is more friendly and practical for use in its operating interface, and its function has been further improved. Readers will see it is so easy to create web pages, without writing any page of code to rapidly create dynamic HTML web pages, for example, cartoon and layers; and by using its object browser, it is also possible to create web pages applicable to various platforms and browsers with very good compatibility; and it is also possible to make use of Roundtrip HTML technology provided by Dreamweaver to control the source code generated by Dreamweaver with high precision.More significantly, Dreamweaver provides you with individualized space. Your can create your own object and command, revise menu and quick keys, or even create you own JavaScript to expand Dreamweaver. It is not exaggerated at all that Dreamweaver brings in unlimited space for you to create your web pages.2. A General Description of Dreamweaver Functions(1) documents foundation and useThe documents operation is the homepage manufacture foundation. Dreamweaver not only may found the blank documents and based on the template documents, but also may edit the HTML document which in other procedures founds, for example FrontPage and so on. Dream weaver has also provided the history (History) the kneading board. The historical kneading board has recorded the reader the history which operates in the documents window, it may help you to abolish or the repetition step, and greatly simplified the homepage manufacture process. Chart 2 has demonstrated one demonstration history kneading board method.* Joins the picture and the super linkA homepage only has the text is unable to attract the person, must in the documents China and Canada person other elements. The picture certainly is inevitable, form and ultra link also essential, is abundant can suffice fascinatingly.Dream weaver provided two kinds to insert the person picture the way. The reader may choose the menu to order Insert/Image; Also may select The super link is in the documents the most important part. Had it to be allowed freely to jump from a position to another weaver formidable function has provided the many kinds of links way possibility. The mostcommon link is between the documents link, this regarding Dream weaver said certainly is a cinch. Also may found the special link using Dream weaver, for example uses the E-Mail linking the homepage, in order to promptly gains the outside each kind of feedback information, this regarding a good website said is extremely important. Also may found the script link, moves the corresponding JavaScript script, thus realizes the corresponding operation.*Website managementThe website management is the Dream weaver essence are partial. Using Dream weaver, may facilitate quickly establishes the local website and the far-end website. Dream weaver may help user's to duplicate far-end server on far-end website on the local computer, constitution local website; Also may duplicate the local website on the far-end server, constitution far-end website. Dream weaver can maintain between the local website and far-end website content synchronization, guaranteed the user carries on the renewal with wishes fulfilled to the far-end website. It also may carry on the test to in the website link, discovers break and the mistake, and carries on the repair, guarantees the website structure the accuracy.Dynamic homepage manufactureThe newest standard HTML 4.0 languages the original will expand some brand-new domains, turned the true abbreviation will be DHTML). But JavaScript and the CSS language is in function formidable DHTML the most main part. CSS and the JavaScript coordination use, may extremely simply realize the homepage dynamic effect.(2) Dream weaver 3.0 new functionsDream the weaver 3.0 new characteristics strengthened the function, improved the website management, the permission user increase navigation fence (Navigation Bar), the picture map (Images Maps) and so on the element, causes the work flow, the user and expands Dream weaver.(a) HTML edition functionFast label editorCauses the user not to need to leave Dream the weaver documents window to be allowed fast to revise, the increase, to move the HTML label.HTML styleIn 3.0 may use the standard HTML label in Dream weaver which the multi- browsers supports to found the style (for instance label and label), but in the before edition, only could use the level to fold the style list (CSS).(c) Founds and the edition object and the page elementThe user may be allowed with ease to obtain the commonly used object in the object kneading board. 1662。
开发一个ASP网站所应用的工具毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：开发一个ASP网站所应用的工具文献、资料英文题目：ASP development of a site by the use of tools 文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14ASP development of a site by the use of tools1. DreamweaverMacromedia Dreamweaver is a professional HTML editor for visually designing and managing web sites and pages. Whether you enjoy the control of hand-coding HTML or prefer to work in a visual editing environment, Dream weaver makes it easy to get started and provides you with helpful tools to enhance your Web design experience.Dreamweaver includes many coding tools and features: an HTML, CSS, and JavaScript reference, a JavaScript debugger, and code editors (the Code view and Code inspector) that allow you to edit JavaScript, XML technology imports HTML documents without reformatting Macromedia’s Roundtrip HTML technology imports HTML documents without reformatting the code and you can set Dream weaver to clean up and reformat HTML when you want it to .Dreamweaver’s visual editing features also let you quickly add design and functionality to your pages without writing a line of code. You can view all your site elements or assets and drag them from an easy-to-use panel directly into a document. Streamline your development workflow by creating and editing images in Macromedia Fireworks, then importing them directly into Dream weaver, or by adding Flash objects you create directly in Dreamweaver.Dreamweaver is fully customizable. Use Dreamweaver to create your own objects and commands, modify keyboard shortcuts, and even write JavaScript code to extend Dreamweaver’s capabilities with new behaviors, property inspectors and site reports.The Dreamweaver work areaLet’s start wi th a brief overview of the Dreamweaver work area.If you haven’t already launch Dreamweaver, double-click the Dream weaver icon to launch it.The Dreamweaver work area accommodates different styles of working and levels of expertise.When you launch Dreamweaver, the following work area items open:The Document window displays the current document as you create and edit it.The Objects panel contains icons you click to insert objects in you document.Dreamweaver provides many floating panels, such as the HTML Styles panel and the code inspector which enable you to work with other Dreamweaver elements.The Launcher bar contains buttons for opening and closing your most frequently used inspectors and panels.The Property inspector displays properties for the selected object or text, and lets you modify those properties.(Which properties appear in the inspector depend on the object actively selected in the document.)To open Dreamweaver’s windows, inspectors and panels, use the Window menu. A check mark next to an item in the Window menu indicates that the named item is currently open(though it may be hidden behind other windows). To display an item that isn’t currently open, choose the item name from the menu or use its keyboard shortcut.Working in DreamweaverDreamweaver can display a document in three ways: in Design view, in Code view, and in a split view that shows both the design and code.(To change the view in which you’re working ,select a view in the Dream weaver toolbar.)By default, Dreamweaver displays the document window in design view.In addition, you can work with Dreamweaver’s design view in two different ways in layout view and standard view.( You select these views in the view category of the objects panel.) In layout view you can design a page layout. Insert graphics, text, and other media; in standard view, in addition to inserting graphics text and media, you can also insert layers, create frame documents, create tables, and apply other changes to your page-options that aren’t available in layou t view.2.DatabaseYou know that a database is a collection of logically related data elements that maybe structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieval needs of organizations and individuals. There’s nothing new about databases-early ones were chiseled in stone, penned on scrolls, and written on index cards. But now databases are commonly recorded on magnetically media, and computer programs are required toperform the necessary storage and retrieval operations.You’ll see in the following pages that complex data relationships and linkages maybe found in all but the simplest databases. The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating, accessing, and maintaining database records is called a database management system(DBMS).The programs in a DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database.(These users may be applications programmers, managers and others with information needs, and various OS programs.)A DBMS can organize, process, and present selected data elements from the database. This capability enables decision makers to search, probe, and query database contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring and unplanned questions that aren’t avail able in regular reports.These questions might initially be vague and/or poorly defined, but people can “browse” through the database until they needed information. In short, the DBMS will “manage” the stored data items and assemble the needed items from t he common database in response to the queries of those who aren’t programmers. Ina file-oriented system, users needing special information may communicate their needs to programmer, who, when time permits, will write one or more prepare the information.The availability of a DBMS, however, offers users a much faster alternative communications path.3. SQL AND SQL SERVERIBM invented a computer language back in the 1970s designed specifically for database queries called SEQUEL; those letters stand for Structured English QUERY for queries, but can also build databases and manage the database engine’s security. Because of this heritage you can pronounce it “sequel” or spell it out “S-Q-L.” There are various versions of SQL used in today’s database engines. Micro soft SQL Server uses a version called Transact-SQL, or T-SQL, which stands for Transaction SQL.⑴What Is SQL Server?SQL Server is a client/server relational database management system (RDBMS)that use Transact-SQL to send requests between a client an SQL Server.⑵Client/Server ArchitectureThe terms client, server, and client/server can be used to refer to very general concepts or to specific items of hardware or software. At the most general level, a client is any component of a system that requests services or resources from other components of a system. A server is any component of a system that provides services or resources to other components of a system.For example, when you print a document from your workstation on a network, the workstation is the client and the machine that does the print spooling is the server.Any client/server data-base system consists of the following components:The server—A collection of data items and supporting objects organized and presented to facilitate services, such as searching ,sorting , recombining ,retrieving, updating ,and analyzing data.. The database consists of the physical storage of data and the data base services. All data access occurs through the server; the physical data is never accessed directly by the client.The client—A software program that might be used interactively by a person or that could be an automated process. This includes all software that interacts with the server, either requesting data from or sending data to the database.The communication between the client and the server---- The communication between the client and the server depends largely on how the client and server are implemented. Both physical and logical layers of communication can be identified.When you communicate with someone using the telephone, the telephone system is the physical layer and a spoken natural language is the logical layer of communication. For a data-based system, the physical layer can be a network if the server and the client are on different computers. It can be intercrosses communication if the server and the client are on the same computer. The logical communication structure of the physical layer may be low-level operating system calls, a proprietary data access language, or the open structured query language (SQL)4. IISInternet Information Server is the acronym (IIS) is a World Wide Web server. Gopher server and FTP server all inclusive inside. IIS means that you can publish web pages, and there are ASP (Active Server Pages), JAVA, VBscript generated pages, with someextensions. IIS support some interesting things, like the editorial environment interface (FRONTPAGE), a full-text search function (INDEX SERVER), a multimedia capabilities (NET SHOW)Secondly, IIS is with Windows NT Server 4.0 to provide the documents and application server, Windows NT Server is built on the basic Internet server components. Windows NT Server and its fully integrated, allowing the use of Windows NT Server built-in security, and the NTFS file system build a powerful and flexible Internet / Intranet site.IIS (Internet Information Server, Internet Information Services) is a Web (Web) services components, including Web server, FTP server, NNTP server and the SMTP server, were used for web browsing, file transfer, mail and news services and so on It makes the network (including the Internet and LAN) on the release of information has become a very easy matter.IIS is the abbreviation for Internet Information Server, Microsoft is pushing the main server, the latest version is included Windows2000 inside the IIS 5, IIS and WindowNT Server fully integrated together, so users can use Windows NT Server and NTFS (NT File System , NT file system) built-in security features, building a strong, flexible and secure Internet and Intranet sites.IIS support HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol, file transfer protocol) and SMTP protocol, through the use of CGI and ISAPI, IIS can be a high degree of expansion.IIS support has nothing to do with the language of the script preparation and components, through the IIS, developers can develop a new generation of dynamic, full of charm of the Web site. IIS does not require developers to learn new scripting language or compiler applications, IIS full support for VBScript, JScript software development and Java, it also supports the CGI and WinCGI, and the expansion and ISAPI filter.IIS is designed to establish a set of integrated server services to support HTTP, FTP and SMTP, it can provide quick and integration of existing products, while expansion of the Internet server.。
jsp技术网站设计外文翻译(适用于毕业论文外文翻译+中英文对照)
Combining JSP and ServletsThe technology of JSP and Servlet is the most important technology which use Java technology to exploit request of server, and it is also the standard which exploit business application .Java developers prefer to use it for a variety of reasons, one of which is already familiar with the Java language for the development of this technology are easy to learn Java to the other is "a preparation, run everywhere" to bring the concept of Web applications, To achieve a "one-prepared everywhere realized." And more importantly, if followed some of the principles of good design, it can be said of separating and content to create high-quality, reusable, easy to maintain and modify the application. For example, if the document in HTML embedded Java code too much (script), will lead the developed application is extremely complex, difficult to read, it is not easy reuse, but also for future maintenance and modification will also cause difficulties. In fact, CSDN the JSP / Servlet forum, can often see some questions, the code is very long, can logic is not very clear, a large number of HTML and Java code mixed together. This is the random development of the defects.Early dynamic pages mainly CGI (Common Gateway Interface, public Gateway Interface) technology, you can use different languages of the CGI programs, such as VB, C / C + + or Delphi, and so on. Though the technology of CGI is developed and powerful, because of difficulties in programming, and low efficiency, modify complex shortcomings,it is gradually being replaced by the trend. Of all the new technology, JSP / Servlet with more efficient and easy to program, more powerful, more secure and has a good portability, they have been many people believe that the future is the most dynamic site of the future development of technology.Similar to CGI, Servlet support request / response model. When a customer submit a request to the server, the server presented the request Servlet, Servlet responsible for handling requests and generate a response, and then gave the server, and then from the server sent to the customer. And the CGI is different, Servlet not generate a new process, but with HTTP Server at the same process. It threads through the use of technology, reduce the server costs. Servlet handling of the request process is this: When received from the client's request, calling service methods, the method of Servlet arrival of the first judgement is what type of request (GET / POST / HEAD…), then calls the appropriate treatment (DoGet / doPos t / doHead…) and generate a response.Although such a complex, in fact, simply said to Servlet is a Java class. And the general category of the difference is that this type operating in a Servlet container, which can provide session management and targeted life-cycle management. So that when you use the Servlet, you can get all the benefits of the Java platform, including the safety of the management, use JDBC access the database and cross-platform capability. Moreover, Servlet using thread, and can develop more efficient Web applications.JSP technology is a key J2EE technology, it at a higher level of abstraction of a Servlet.It allows conventional static and dynamic HTML content generated by combining an HTML page looks like, but as a Servlet to run. There are many commercial application server support JSP technology, such as BEA WebLogic, IBM WebSphere, JRun, and so on. JSP and Servlet use more than simple. If you have a JSP support for Web servers, and a JSP document, you can put it Fangdao any static HTML files can be placed, do not have to compile, do not have to pack, do not have to ClassPath settings, you can visit as ordinary Web It did visit, the server will automatically help you to do other work.JSP document looks like an ordinary static HTML document, but inside contains a number of Java code. It uses. Jsp the suffix, used to tell the server this document in need of special treatment. When we visit a JSP page, the document will first be translated into a JSP engine Java source files, is actually a Servlet, and compiler, and then, like other Servlet, from Servlet engine to handle. Servlet engine of this type loading, handling requests from customers, and the results returned to the customer, as shown below:Figure 1: Calling the process of JSP pagesAfter another visit this page to the customer, as long as the paper there have been no changes, JSP engine has been loaded directly call the Servlet. If you have already been modified, it will be once again the implementation of the above process, translate, compile and load. In fact, this is the so-called "first person to punishment." Because when the first visit to the implementation of a series of the above process, so will spend some time after such a visit would not.Java servlets offer a powerful API that provides access to all the information about the request, the session, and the application. combining JSP with servlets lets you clearly separate the application logic from the presentation of the application; in other words, it lets you use the most appropriate component type for the roles of Model, View and Controller.Servlets, Filters, and ListenersA servlet is a Java class that extends a server with functionality for processing a request and producing a response. It's implemented using the classes and interfaces defined by the Servlet API. The API consists of two packages: the javax.servlet package contains classes and interfaces that are protocol-independent, while the javax.servlet.http package provides HTTP-specific extensions and utility classes.What makes a servlet a servlet is that the class implements an interface named javax.servlet.Servlet, either directly or by extending one of the support classes. This interface defines the methods used by the web container to manage and interact with theservlet. A servlet for processing HTTP requests typically extends the javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet class. This class implements the Servlet interface and provides additional methods suitable for HTTP processing.Servlet LifecycleThe web container manages all aspects of the servlet's lifecycle. It creates an instance of the servlet class when needed, passes requests to the instance for processing, and eventually removes the instance. For an HttpServlet, the container calls the following methods at the appropriate times in the servlet lifecycle.Besides the doGet( ) and doPost( ) methods, there are methods corresponding to the other HTTP methods: doDelete( ), doHead( ), doOptions( ), doPut( ), and doTrace( ). Typically you don't implement these methods; the HttpServlet class already takes care of HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE requests in a way that's suitable for most servlets, and the DELETE and PUT HTTP methods are rarely used in a web application.It's important to realize that the container creates only one instance of each servlet. This means that the servlet must be thread safe -- able to handle multiple requests at the same time, each executing as a separate thread through the servlet code. Without getting lost in details, you satisfy this requirement with regards to instance variables if you modify the referenced objects only in the init( ) and destroy( ) methods, and just read them in the request processing methods.Compiling and Installing a ServletTo compile a servlet, you must first ensure that you have the JAR file containing all Servlet API classes in the CLASSPATH environment variable. The JAR file is distributed with all web containers. Tomcat includes it in a file called servlet.jar, located in the common/lib directory. On a Windows platform, you include the JAR file in the CLASSPATH.. Reading a RequestOne of the arguments passed to the doGet( ) and doPost( ) methods is an object that implements the HttpServletRequest interface. This interface defines methods that provide access to a wealth of information about the request.Generating a ResponseBesides the request object, the container passes an object that implements the HttpServletResponse interface as an argument to the doGet( ) and doPost( ) methods. This interface defines methods for getting a writer or stream for the response body. It also defines methods for setting the response status code and headers.Using Filters and ListenersThe servlet specification defines two component types beside servlets: filters and listeners. These two types were introduced in the Servlet 2.3 specification, so if you're using a container that doesn't yet support this version of the specification, I'm afraid you'reout of luck.FiltersA filter is a component that can intercept a request targeted for a servlet, JSP page, or static page, as well as the response before it's sent to the client. This makes it easy to centralize tasks that apply to all requests, such as access control, logging, and charging for the content or the services offered by the application. A filter has full access to the body and headers of the request and response, so it can also perform various transformations. One example is compressing the response body if the Accept-Language request header indicates that the client can handle a compressed response.A filter can be applied to either a specific servlet or to all requests matching a URL pattern, such as URLs starting with the same path elements or having the same extension. ListenersListeners allow your application to react to certain events. Prior to Servlet 2.3, you could handle only session attribute binding events (triggered when an object was added or removed from a session). You could do this by letting the object saved as a sessionattribute(using the HttpSession.setAttribute() method)implement the HttpSessionBindingListener interface. With the new interfaces introduced in the 2.3 version of the specification, you can create listeners for servlet context and session lifecycle events as well as session activation and passivation events (used by a container that temporarily saves session state to disk or migrates a session to another server). A newsession attribute event listener also makes it possible to deal with attribute binding events for all sessions in one place, instead of placing individual listener objects in each session.The new types of listeners follow the standard Java event model. In other words, a listener is a class that implements one or more of the listener interfaces. The interfaces define methods that correspond to events. The listener class is registered with the container when the application starts, and the container then calls the event methods at the appropriate times.Initializing Shared Resources Using a ListenerBeans like this typically need to be initialized before they can be used. For instance, they may need a reference to a database or some other external data source and may create an initial information cache in memory to provide fast access even to the first request for data. You can include code for initialization of the shared resources in the servlet and JSP pages that need them, but a more modular approach is to place all this code in one place and let the other parts of the application work on the assumption that the resources are already initialized and available. An application lifecycle listener is a perfect tool for this type of resource initialization. This type of listener implements the javax.servlet.ServletContextListener interface, with methods called by the container when the application starts and when it shuts down.Picking the Right Component Type for Each TaskThe Project Billboard application introduced is a fairly complex application. Half thepages are pure controller and business logic processing, it accesses a database to authenticate users, and most pages require access control. In real life, it would likely contain even more pages, for instance, pages for access to a shared document archive, time schedules, and a set of pages for administration. As the application evolves, it may become hard to maintain as a pure JSP application. It's easy to forget to include the access control code in new pages.This is clearly an application that can benefit from using a combination of JSP pages and the component types defined by the servlet specification for the MVC roles. Let's look at the main requirements and see how we can map them to appropriate component types:●Database access should be abstracted, to avoid knowledge of a specific dataschema or database engine in more than one part of the application: beans in therole of Model can be used to accomplish this.●The database access beans must be made available to all other parts of theapplication when it starts: an application lifecycle event listener is the perfectcomponent type for this task.●Only authenticated users must be allowed to use the application: a filter canperform access control to satisfy this requirement.●Request processing is best done with Java code: a servlet, acting as the Controller,fits the bill.●It must be easy to change the presentation: this is where JSP shines, acting as theView.Adding servlets, listeners, and filters to the mix minimizes the need for complex logic in the JSP pages. Placing all this code in Java classes instead makes it possible to use a regular Java compiler and debugger to fix potential problems.Centralized Request Processing Using a ServletWith a servlet as the common entry point for all application requests, you gain control over the page flow of the application. The servlet can decide which type of response to generate depending on the outcome of the requested action, such as returning a common error page for all requests that fail, or different responses depending on the type of client making the request. With the help from some utility classes, it can also provide services such as input validation, I18N preparations, and in general, encourage a more streamlined approach to request handling.When you use a servlet as a Controller, you must deal with the following basic requirements:●All requests for processing must be passed to the single Controller servlet.●The servlet must be able to distinguish requests for different types of processing.Here are other features you will want support for, even though they may not be requirements for all applications:● A strategy for extending the application to support new types of processingA mechanism for changing the page flow of the application without modifyingcode.Mapping Application Requests to the ServletThe first requirement for using a Controller servlet is that all requests must pass through it. This can be satisfied in many ways. If you have played around a bit with servlets previously, you're probably used to invoking a servlet with a URI that starts with /myApp/servlet. This is a convention introduced by Suns Java Web Server (JWS), the first product to support servlets before the API was standardized. Most servlet containers support this convention today, even though it's not formally defined in the servlet specification.将Servlet和JSP组合使用Servlet和JSP技术是用Java开发服务器端应用的主要技术，是开发商务应用表示端的标准。
网页设计专业毕业设计外文翻译
Produce the design of the tool and realize automaticallyon the basis of JSP webpageIt is an important respect that Internet uses that Web develops technology, and JSP is the most advanced technology that Web is developed , it is present Web developer's first-selected technology. But because JSP has relatively high expectations for Web developer, a lot of general Web developers can not use this advanced technology . The discussion produces the design of the tool and realizes automatically on the basis of JSP webpage of the template and label storehouse, put forward concrete design philosophy and implementation method .With the popularization of WWW (World Wide Web ), the technology of the dynamic webpage is developed rapidly too. From original CGI (Common Gateway In-terface ) to ASP (Active Server Page ), have met the webpage developer to the demand for developing technology of the dynamic webpage to a certain extent. But no matter CGI or ASP have certain limitation, for instance, consuming to resources of the server of CGI, ASP can only be used etc. with Microsoft IIS, all these have limited scope of application of the technology, have hindered their popularization greatly. The vast page developers all look forward to a kind of unified page and develop technology earnestly, characteristic that this technology there should be：①Have nothing to do with the operating platform, can run on any Web or the application program server ;②Show the logic and page of application program that separates ; ③Offer codes to put in an position, simplify and develop the course based on interactive application program of Web.JSP (Java Server Page ) technology is designed and used for responding to the request that like this. JSP is developed technology by the new webpage that Sun MicroSystem Company put out in June of 1999, it is that Web based on Java Serv-let and the whole Java system develops technology, and Servlet2. Expansion of 1API. Utilize this technology, can set up advancedly , safely and stepping dynamic websites of the platform .Java is the future mainstream to develop technology , have a lot of advantages . JSP is Java important application technology on Internet/Intranet Web , get extensive support and admit, it can conbine with various kinds of Java technology together intactly , thus realize very complicated application.As a kind of technology of development based on text , taking showing as centre, JSP has offered all advantages of Java Servlet. Logic function in order to make sure and showing the function was separated , JSP can already work with JavaBeans , Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB ) and Servlet . The developer of JSP can finish the work that majority and website's logic are correlated with through using JavaBeans , EJB and Servlet , and only assign the work shown to JSP page to finish. Content and show advantage that logic separate lie in , upgrade person , page of appearanceneedn't understand Java code , the personnel upgrading Javas needn't be experts who design webpage either. This can define Web template in JSP page with Javas , in order to set up websites made up of a page with similar appearance. Java completion data offer, have Java code among template, this mean template these can write by one HTML person is it maintain to come.JSP develops technology as the webpage of the mainstream at present, has the following characteristics：(1) Separate the formulation and showing of the content : Using JSP technology, the page developer of Web can use HTML or XML identification to design and format the final page . Use JSP identification or bound foot turn into dynamic content of page actually (whether content according to is it come change to ask). Produce logic of content of the identification and JavaBeans package , truss up of the little script encapsulation, all scripts run in the end of the server. If key logic among identification and JavaBeans, then other people, such as Web administrative staff and page designer encapsulation, can edit and use JSP page , and does not influence the formulation of the content .(2) Emphasize the reusable package : Most JSP pages depend on the reusable one, the package stepping the platform finish more complicated treatment with required application program. Benefitting from the independence of operating platform of Java, the developer can be very convenient to share and exchange and carry out the ordinary package that operated, or make these packages used by more users. The method based on package has accelerated the total development course, the efficiency of improving the project and developing wholly greatly.Though JSP is powerful, it requires the webpage developer should be quite familiar with Java. There are still relatively few Java programmers now, for general webpage developer, the grammar of JSP is more difficult to grasp . So, need a kind of webpage developing instrument and offer commonly used JSP application to general webpage developer, is it understand general page develop developer of technology (HTML ) can use strong function of JSP too only to let.Systematic design object and main technology of use：(1)Design objectSystem this design object for understand but HTML understand general webpage developer of JSP offer a webpage developing instrument at all only, enable them to follow the systematic file, use the daily function of JSP through the label, produce one finally and only include static HTML and dynamic JSP webpage of JSP label.(2)Main technologyThis system is in the design, consider using the technology of the template and JSP label to realize mainly.1、Technology of the templateThe technology of the template is widely applied to various kinds of development and application system. It produces some commonly used frame structure in advance , uses the family to choose the template from the template storehouse conveniently according to the needs of one's own one, is it is it put up to go again by oneself to need , save construction period in user , facilitate use of user. In this system , classify the page according to the function type , sum up the commonly used page type, produce the template storehouse.2、Storehouse technology of the labelIn JSP, movements can create and visit the language target of the procedure and influence the element exported and flowed. JSP has defined six standard movements. Except six standard movement these, user can define own movement finish the specific function. These movements are known as the customer movement, they are the reusable procedure module . Through movement these, programmer can some encapsulation stand up too display function of page in JSP page, make the whole page more succinct and easier to maintain. In a JSP page, movements were transfered through the customer label in these customers. And the label storehouse (Tag Library ) is the set of the customer label.JSP label storehouse is that one kind produces the method based on script of XML through JavaBeans. It is one of the greatest characteristics of JSP. Through the label storehouse , can expand JSP application unrestrictedly , finish any complicated application demand.JSP label storehouse has the following characteristic：①Easy to use: The labels in JSP and general HTML marks are totally the same in appearance, it is as convenient as ordinary HTML mark to use.②The easy code is paid most attention to: Every label in the label storehouse can finish certain function . Define ready to eat one label storehouse , is it pack one Jar file the label storehouse to need only, then only need use this label storehouse in other systems afterwards, needn't develop codes again , has raised the system and developed efficiency greatly, have reduced the development cost.③The easy code is safeguarded: All application logic is encapsulated in label processor and JavaBeans, all labels concentrate on a label storehouse. If need to upgrade codes or need to revise the function on a webpage, only need to revise the corresponding label. Maintain way in unison through this kind , it is unnecessary in each webpage is it is it fix to act as to get onning, have reduce the work load safeguarded greatly, has economized the cost of safeguarding.④The easy system is expanded : If need to add the new function to the system , only need to define a new label to finish this function, do not need to do any change to other respects of thesystem. Can inherit JSP normal characteristics of various fields in the label storehouse. Can expand and increase the function of JSP unrestrictedly like this, and does not need to wait for the appearance of the next edition JSP .Systematic composition and realizing：(1)The system making upThis system is made up of four parts mainly：1、The database joins some: This system supports several daily databases , including Oracle, Sybase, MSSQLServer, MySQL and DB2, use JDBC and database to link to each other according to database type and database name , user name , password that users offer that users choose.2、The basic form of system produces some: After joining with the database , produce the basic form TC-Tables and TC-Columns of two systems according to the user name linking to each other with the database , TC-Tables form includes English name , Chinese name and some attribute of form belonging to this user in this database , for instance can revise , can inquire about ; The Chinese and English name of the row and some other attribute that TC-Columns form includes belonging to all forms of this user's in this database . For instance can show , can inquire about . Basic information of the database that these basic forms of two systems provide to user's institute for use in the course of development of the whole system.3、The template is chosen to produce some with the webpage: This part is a key part of a system. It includes two pieces of sub module .①The template is chosen some: The system offers the template to user and chooses the interface, let users choose the templates used from the template storehouse according to the need.②The template is dealt with some: According to template that user choose, system transfer designated template deal with module is it punish to go on to these template. When dealing with the label that the procedure meets in the template, offer the mutual interface to user, let user input parameter for designated label , prove system validity of label that user input. Finished the formulation of JSP page systematically finally.Webpage preview is with revising some: After the webpage was produced out, the system has offered a webpage preview window and code to user and looked over that revises the window. Through this preview window, users can look at the result of JSP page produced out in advance . If user static result of respect in page very satisfied, user can through code look over revise window revise HTML code of code. If users have further demands for the static result of the page, the system has also offered a piece of interface which transfers DreamWeaver editing machine to user, users can use it to carry on further modification and perfection to the static result of JSP page that is produced out .(2)Systematic realization1、Realization of the template storehouse and label storehouseThe planning and design of the label storehouse are essential in the whole system design, efficiency that the degree and system that are put in an position have operated that its relation has reached codes. Its planning should follow the following principle .(1) Should try one's best little including static HTML among label. To general user, the label is transparent. Users can not look over and revise labels . If include too many static HT-ML sentence in the label , will influence the modification and perfection of user's static result to the page, limit the use of the label.(2) Try one's best to raise the paying most attention to degree of the code. Is it is it is it is it is it is it get to JSP public JSP out to withdraw to use to try one's best to classify to go on to use, form labels. Do not use and realize this application repeatedly in each label . While revising and perfecting to using like this , only need to revise this label, maintenance of the easy code.(3) Facilitate users' use. While designing the label storehouse , should fully consider users' operating position , it can very easy and understanding and using labels conveniently to use the family.①Definition of the label storehouse: Define a label storehouse, must define a label storehouse and describe the file (TLD ) at first . This is a file of script based on XML, have defined the edition of XML in this file , codes used, the edition , name and definition and parameter of all labels included in this storehouse of the label storehouse of the edition of the label storehouse , JSP used describe, including the name of the label, corresponding Javas of label, description information of the label ,etc..②Realization of the label: One label first special Java type, this each must inherit TagSupports , this each is in javax. servlet. jsp. Define in tagext bag . In the labels, the parameter which includes this label initializes the subject treatment method (Handler ) of method (Set/Get ) , label and method available for making the first class label to adjust,etc..③Realization of the template : A template is that one contains JSP file that labels quoted . In order to quote the labels defined in the template , must introduce the label storehouse at first .＜％＠taglib uri＝“tag．tld”prefix＝“ctag”％＞Among them uri appoints the label storehouse to describe the route of the file ; Prefixes used when prefix appoints to quote labels.While quoting the designated label in the template , use the designated prefix while introducing the label storehouse, appoint the name of the label; It is the parameter assignment of the label.2、Systematic development environmentWhat this systematic subject procedure making is used is JBuilder 6 of Borland Company. 0, it is Front-Page2000 of Microsoft Company that the template is developed and used, what the label storehouse is developed and used is UltraEdit editing machine, what JDK is adopted is JDK1.4. The system testing environment is JRun3. 0.Java future mainstream to develop language, and Java using JSP will become major technology that Web will be developed in the future too mainly at Web. This system has adopted the label storehouse , one of the biggest characteristics of JSP, enable the general Web developer to use JSP strong dynamic page function conveniently too, develop JSP dynamic Web page of the modern techniques. Because this system adopts Java to develop, can run under the operating system of any support graphic interface , have realized complete having nothing to do with the platform. This system is easy to expand and perfect. Can consider offering the interface to user afterwards , will use the family to expand the template storehouse and label storehouse by oneself, strengthen the systematic function further.List of references：[1] Cay S. Horstmann,Gary Cornell. Java 2 key technology (CoreJava 2 ) [M ]. Beijing: Publishing house of the mechanical industry.[2] Bruce Eckel. Java programming thought (Thinking in Java ) [M ]. Beijing: Publishing house of the mechanical industry.[3] Joseph L. Weber. Java 2 programming is explained in detail (Using Java 2) [M ]. Beijing: Electronic Industry Press.[4] Borland Company. Building Applications with JBuilder.基于JSP网页自动生成工具的设计与实现Web开发技术是Internet应用的一个重要方面，而JSP又是Web开发的最先进的技术，是当前Web开发人员的首选技术。
Web-design-and-production网页设计与制作大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：网页设计与制作文献、资料英文题目：Web design and production文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：物理学（光电技术）班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14毕业论文外文资料翻译专业：物理学（光电技术）外文出处：Website Design and Construction附件：1、外文资料翻译译文；2、外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文网页设计与制作摘要论文将对个人网页设计与制作的方法、工具等展开研究和探讨。
在介绍网页设计与制作语言的基础上，着重使用JavaScript作为工具语言进行网页设计与制作的实际操作，分别对基于对象的JavaScript语言、内部对象系统的使用及WEB页面信息交互——窗口和框架进行详细描述，并利用具体的实例进行验证。
1.前言随着21世纪的到来，人们更深切地感受到计算机在生活和工作中的作用越来越重要，越来越来的职业需要具有计算机的应用技能。
掌握计算机是职业的需要，更是事业发展的需要。
网页设计与制作是计算机能力的具体表现，本章主要介绍网页设计的相关知识。
1.1 网页设计概述网站是企业向用户和网民提供信息(包括产品和服务)的一种方式,是企业开展电子商务的基础设施和信息平台，离开网站（或者只是利用第三方网站）去谈电子商务是不可能的。
企业的网址被称为“网络商标”，也是企业无形资产的组成部分，而网站是INTERNET上宣传和反映企业形象和文化的重要窗口。
1.2 网页设计的要素网页设计的两大要素是：整体风格和色彩搭配。
一、确定网站的整体风格第二章HTML网页设计技术的应用2.1 HTML语言介绍HTML（HyperText Mark-up Language）即超文本标记语言或超文本链接标示语言，是目前网络上应用最为广泛的语言，也是构成网页文档的主要语言。
HTML文本是由HTML命令组成的描述性文本，HTML命令可以说明文字、图形、动画、声音、表格、链接等。
网站建设外文文献翻译
O n s i t e c o n s t r u c t i o n t e c h n o l o g y1 IntroductionThe development of network technology for today's global information exchange and sharing funding source in the establishment of contacts and provide more channels and possible. Homes will be known world affairs, according few keyboard or a few mouse clicks can be distant friends thousands of miles away exchanges, and online communications, Internet browsing, on-line interactive, e-commerce has become a modern part of people's lives. Internet era, has created the new people's work and lifestyle, the Internet, openness and sharing of information model, breaking the traditional mode of information dissemination many barriers for people with new opportunities. With computers and the advent of the information age, the pace of the advance of human society in gradually accelerated. In recent years the development of web design, fast people occupied.With the development of web design, a colorful online website together one scenic beauty. To design aesthetic and practical web site should be thoroughly master the building techniques. In building site, we analyzed the websites of objectives, contents, functions, structure, the application of more web design technology. 2 the definition of websit 2.1 How definition of websites Web site identified the tasks and objectives, the building site is the most important issue. Why people will come to your website? You have a unique service? The first people to your website is to what? They will come back? All these issues must be taken into account when the site definition of the problem. Definition site to, first of all, the entire site must have a clear understanding of what the design should understand in the end, the main purpose of the mission, how to carry out the task of organization and planning. Second, to maintain the high-quality Web site. Many websites in the face of strong competition from high-quality product is the greatest long-term competitive advantage. An excellent Web site should have the following:(1) users visit Web site is faster.(2) attention to the feedback and updates. To update the content of the website and timely feedback the user's requirements;(3) Home design to be reasonable. Home to the first impression left by visitors is important, the design must be attractive in order to have a good visual effect.2.2 The contents of the website and functionThe content of the web site is to be a new, fast, all three sides. The content of the website, including the type of static, dynamic, functional and things to deal with. Website content is determined in accordance with the nature ofthe site, in the design of the site, commercial websites, popular science site, company websites, teaching and exchange websites, the content and style are different. We have established websites with the nature of these types of sites are not the same. 2.3 The structure website(1) site structure;(2) definition of navigation; (3) Visual Design;(4) framework and design pages. 3 Site Design and ImplementationWith increasing demands on design, high style, high-grade design work before gaining popularity. This also to the designers have put forward higher requirements, from this point of view, the plate design is to meet the requirements of the people should be and Health. The rapid development of science and technology, the Internet into millions of households, also produced a new design space, and a new web design an important part of the field of design. Excellent web design, we must have good creative, so that the audience can be difficult to shift attention long time, produce power. Layout is very important, through text, graphics space portfolio, can best express harmony with the United States. If you want to further understand website design, made separately from other web site's homepage, you need to have more like CSS, javascript, CGI, and other web design technology. In building on the site of the CSS, javascript and other web design technology. 3.1 Application Design website CSS(1)What is CSS? CSS is a style sheet (stylesheet) technology. Some of them called CSS (Cascading Stylesheet).(2) the combination of CSS and HTML form. Mode 1: The CSS content, as defined in the writing between the labels. Mode 2: CSS will be preserved as a separate text file, and then from labels to call.(3) CSS the web site of examples. The web site pages, and increase the following definition so that the pages show with special effects. 3.2 Application Design website javascriptjavascript and the emergence of making information between users is not only a display and browse the relationship, but to achieve a real-time, dynamic, cross-expression. Thus based on the CGI static HTML pages will be to provide dynamic real-time information, and customer response to the operation of the Web pages replaced. javascript scripting is satisfy this demand arising from the language. It's loved by extensive user. Many scripting language it is in a relatively good. WWW and effectively achieve the combination of the computer network computing and network blueprint.4 Construction on the site ExperienceWith the popularity of the Internet, more and more government departments, companies and individuals aware of the need to have their own independent Website. Below on the design and production sites on some of their own experience. After conducting systematic analysis End, we should carry out system design. Web page design similar to the development of software design, top-down, bottom-up and continuous updating, and other design methods. The main task is to design the content of the sites, including the website information organization structure, appearance, content block, navigation and links, directory structure design. System design is the site ready before the concrete realization of the website to further the realization of more specific requirements, the overall effect on the website, local details have a clearer idea. This entire process is the key site planning.Next is how to achieve their own Web site design issues. The realization of the site, I think the need to be considered in two parts: the realization website; Web servers can be achieved. In the process of achieving website, technology selection is very important. Former major use HTML language, the stronger the interactive website, the proposed use of ASP, JSP, PHP and other programming to help achieve,the more complex Web site may also have its own database. The latter is based on all kinds of different operating systems used Web server software installation and debugging. This stage is the whole process of the most important and most time-consuming part.When we completed the work, the need for website released. At this stage of the production on the website drawing to a close, the main task is to do a good job in the website release to the network, the web site for final modifications, testing, homepage can guarantee normal operation of the network.Published in the website after website to deal with various aspects of the tests, including the possibility of any different web browsers, different visitors have shown normal, ASP, JSP, PHP normal procedure can work, and so on. This stage is the website of trial operation period, the website at this time should be to make up for various shortcomings, the website will be more perfected.After a period of operation, the site entered the normal operation period, the main task is to update outdated information website, the visitor's message timely feedback to further improve the website, the introduction of new technologies constantly update website, visit web pages more quickly, more aesthetic appearance, Information Resources richer.Above is the establishment of the station to roughly follow the seven steps, seven steps are complementary, but can be the basis of ease of website and complexity of a weakening or strengthening appropriate link. In short, building a successful web site is not an easy task, it needs all-round consideration, the Composite various factors.5 concluding remarksWith the rapid development of Internet technology, in all walks of life have joined the industry to the Internet. Whether from the management side, or from a commercial point of view, the Internet can bring immense vitality. Internet to become a talented designer Shi new world. People will continue to explore, will be the site of the building in the application of new technologies in the web site.网站建设技术1 介绍网络技术的发展,为今天全球性的信息交流与资源共享和交往提供了更多的途径和可能。
旅游网站的设计与实现外文翻译
毕业设计（论文）外文翻译题目西安中旅旅游网站的设计与实现信息系统分析与设计专业信息管理与信息系统班级信管112学号3110561054学生高金指导教师王小江2015 年Current situation of e-commerce of travel agency1.Foreign travel e-commerce development trendEMARKET report based on the latest data, online travel sales in the United States in 2006 has risen sharply and more than 78.8 billion U.S. dollars, and hopes to continue to grow by 16.6 percent compound annual growth rate in 2010 reached 145.8 billion U.S. dollars. This strong growth figures and the phenomenon is not confined in the United States. European online travel industry in 2005 grew 49%, and there is hope to continue to grow until 2009. Abroad can be seen online is the outbreak of the tourism industry, and this is accompaniedby the outbreak of new products and services support. Check their flight, hotels, cheap airline tickets and package deals to support tourism-related RSS, podcasts, blog and community, groups, websites and online travel booking flights and hotels is that these travel sites provide the main function.ALEXA based data, EXPEDIA is the world's first travel Web site, it ranked 409 of the flow, followed by TRIPADVISOR, ranked 504. Other top tourist site in front of the YAHOO!TRA VEL, TRA VELOCITY, OTBITZ, and KAY AK. All of these sites have high quality content (maps, reservation services, reviews, etc.) and information before and after the relationship. The web site also contains some of which are vertical search and comparison tools. EXPEDIA in 2006 was 2.2 billion U.S. dollars of income.Keep pace with the blog community, a number of tourism revealed the same blog. Based on FPRRESTER RESEARCH, peer review and the blog in the tourism program has an enormous impact, for network users, and this is an obvious fact, 33% of leisure travelers to change their hotel based on their blog or other tourist related community website to read the content. TRIPADVISOR has the world's largest travel community, more than 5,000,000 messages. ALEXA data in accordance with, VIRTUAL TOURIST travel blog is one of the most important, there are over 800,000 registered users across more than 220 countries and regions, 30 million monthly page views and 5 million unique visitors, covering two million tourist destination,which is equivalent to 4 times of travel guide, such as and , and 2 times the .Today, a number of online travel industry to prove the emergence of small-market sites, such as and , these sites so that users can compare prices, flights and decided the best time to book air-tickets. , a travel-related social networking site allows users to share their travel routes and travel information. KAYAK and SIDESTEP, providing vertical search services to look forward to promote the flow oftourism-related sites.TRA allows users to upload and share their tourism-related photographs and images, as well as write their own blog. These valuable services to the market-driven changes in the rules of the game, through the growing distinction between their own in a highly competitive market and commercialization.2. China Travel Service, the development trend of e-commerce(1) e-commerce impact on the traditional supply chain:Recently, a survey of tourism trends in search engine reports that tourism products as a new model of online distribution, with high efficiency and high-quality advantages, become a convergence of the end consumer and the demand for travel suppliers ways; as travel search engine will reduce the network of tourism enterprises the gap between the competition. Travel search engine exists as a separate format, and has given rise to the entire online travel industry, quietly changing.Represented by a search engine, new e-business model is on all aspects of tourism impact and penetrate into the traditional supply chain. In traditional supply chains have emerged in the tourism professional search engine marketing platform for the network, the network of wholesalers, B2C network distribution, direct marketing and other travel suppliers at different levels of the value of even the business model.One for tourists, tourism, professional search engine is the most common functions of the price ticket and hotel search, you can for a flight to a different hotel from the list of price comparison site, to achieve user-centric, high-efficiency aggregation of information.One supplier for a number of companies to develop a "revenue management system", by the mathematical model of intelligent help travel suppliers in a large number of online and traditional distribution channels to develop between the best price and best availability for distribution, with a view to maximize the realization of benefit.Some local Chinese GDS, B2B2C Union Web site and book are also eager to try to develop into a pool of hundreds of thousands of tourism products of the wholesale platform, through travel agents, travel agents for small and medium-sized retail, win-win collaboration.Direct sales platform for the emerging tourism have begun to debut to the scenic spots, travel agencies, hotels and other tourist services rental "online store" and the provision of the network (or cross-media) marketing services, charge an annual fee of relatively fixed rent.In short, China's network in 2006 showing a diversity of tourism trends in the intermediary, each have an innovative attempt to change the travel value chain, a link, forming a network of direct sales, network brokers and intermediaries online multi-level complex.(2) the long tail of tourism productsGOOGEL and in the main search engine Baidu, the online news and online products and phase out outdated rate of speed than before to after a lot of slow. As the search engines measure the relevance of their main targets is to import。
网页设计课程网站外文文献翻
毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译专业计算机科学与技术学生姓名王岩班级B计算机081学号0810704124指导教师唐拥政信息工程学院Network layered priority mapping theoryAbstract In the early days of the Internet layered design,the information between layers did not exchange in large amount frequently.With the rapid growth of the Internet,the emergence of many technologies such as service data partition,multi-connection and multi-path has made it possible to frequently exchange complex information between layers.With regard to these changes,this paper introduces“network layered priority mapping(NLPM)”for future Internet development.The NLPM aims to maximize the satisfaction of the Internet users.The NLPM is designed to differentiate priority of the information on different layers and integrate the information using priority mapping.With NLPM, network services can be delivered more efficiently;network utilization such as the utilization of connection,path and channel can also be improved.Model analysis,NS simulation and prototype implementation have proved the efficiency of NLPM.1IntroductionLayered structure is the basic design method of Internet.In the early days of Internet,the interaction between the layers was simple in view of the poor network infrastructure on low layer and the simple service on high layer.Besides,there was no unified form for the interaction between layers as the initial layering was ad hoc model.As new network services are constantly emerging and growing more and more complex,the simple layered design cannot meet the demand of future network development. Therefore there have emerged service partition,multi-connection,multi-path,and multi-channel on different Internet layers.For the application layer,the network services are growing diversified while the content of services is growing increasingly complex.As a result,one network service usually consists of a number of logically independent components.Partition of the complex service will improve service robustness and flexibility.For the transport layer,a service with multi-connection is needed as theservice can be partitioned into many different types of partitioned-services. Multi-connection can ensure the efficiency of the end-to-end transmission for different types of partitioned-services.Besides,it can flexibly support the service partition and improve the transmission throughput.For the network layer,many new technologies on network access are emerging with the explosive increase of Internet users.These technologies enable end-to-end multi-path communication and provide more options for high layer multi-connection.For the link layer,different network uses different physical channel.To support themulti-networks,terminals need to switch between differentchannels.The above-mentioned technologies show that significant changes have occurred on every layer of theInternet structure.Two of the most significant changes are multi-connection and end-to-end multi-path.Service partition relies on multi-connection;multi-channel is closely interconnected with multi-path.Plenty of studies have shown that the current TCP throughput is too low relative to available bandwidth provided by lower layer[1].The advent of multi-connection has greatly improved the throughput.There have been a lot of researches on multi-connection and these researches can be divided into three categories:design of multi-connection protocol[1,2],multi-connection applications[3,4]and theoretical analysis of multi-connection performance[5,6].End-to-end multi-path is an emerging research.At the time TCP was designed,multi-path of end hosts was beyond the ken of research in view of the expensive network interface devices.With rapid economic development,the increasing emphasis on end-to-end transfer efficiency has brought multi-path in the purview of transport layer [7–9].Multi-connection and end-to-end multi-path transfer have been widely researched as illustrated above.But these researches have their limitations because they did not fully consider the needs of users. For example,current multi-connection researches simply partition service data into blocks with fixed size[1,4];current multi-path researches only randomly choose one available path to send application data without consideration in how to partition the service data efficiently and how to optimize the path to maximize the satisfaction of users.Moreover,as far as we know,no research has yet combined multiconnect technology and multi-path technology.In response to the above-mentioned limitations of current researches,this paper introduces NLPM based on the current Internet layered design.NLPM uses satisfaction of users as evaluation criteria.Its key idea is to standardize the description of the Internet layer information(such as partitionedservice,connection and path)with matrix and to process the exchange of information between layers with mapping.With this new design,the network services can be delivered more efficiently and the utilization of network can be improved.Finally,it is worth mentioning that the new generation network research is the most popular topicnowadays,such as3G, 4G,NGN,NGI,source address validation architecture[10]and university network[11].As an interface technology research between network layers,the work of this paper can be applied to the current and other new generation network researches given its strong scalability.2Network layered priority mapping2.1Satisfaction of usersThe Internet is designed for users and hence the satisfaction of users should be the key criteria to evaluate the Internet technology.We can formulate such evaluative criteria in utility function[12].Let the vector s describe the service delivered to the i’th user si,containing all relevant measures of the delivered service.Then we make the utility function Ui map the service into the satisfaction of users. With this formulation,the goal of network design can be converted to maximizing the sum of the utilities.We call this quantity V the total utility of an architecture V= i Ui(si).Shenker[12]found that traditional Internet data services were elastic traffic.According to this traffic character,the utility of service is the monotonically increasing function of network capability,such as bandwidth.The marginal utility decreases as network capability increases.This is the character of concave function and we deem utility function as concave function in the paper.2.2Design thought of NLPMNLPM is the instantiation of“mapping”in Internet.Its core idea is to differentiate the priority of network information on different layers and combine the information by priority mapping so that the Internet service can be delivered more efficiently.Like a“mapping”,NLPM has three elements:image, inverse image and mapping function.Image and inverse image represent the network information. Mapping function includes mapping form and mapping mechanism.Mapping form gives the number of the image and inverse image,such as one-to-one,one-to-many,many-to-one and many-to-many. Mapping mechanism integrates the network information on different layers by optimizing the network connection and path.2.3Mapping form modelMapping function includes mapping form and mapping mechanism.In this section,we focus on mapping form and in subsection2.4we will analyze the mapping mechanism.The form of mapping function is based on the0-1mapping matrix.We will illustrate as follows the role and significance of the0-1mapping matrix in NLPM.Firstly,the position of 1 which is determined by its subscript,in the matrix represents the correspondence between image and inverse image.In the0-1mapping matrix,the column represents image and the row represents inverse image.Secondly,the0-1mapping matrix can represent mapping form.If there are more than one 1 s in some column vector,there exists a many-to-one mapping.If there are more than one 1 s in some row vector,there exists a one-to-many mapping.Take the two mapping matrixes in previous section as an example.All vectors in the rows and columns in matrix A have one 1 ,so the mapping is one-to-one.The first column and the second rowvector of matrix H have two 1 s,so the mapping is many-to-many.Finally,the weightα={1,2,3,...} for 1 represents the mapping priority.There are two 1 s in thesecond row of H,representing that there are two paths for one connection.2.4Mapping function modelAfter obtaining a mapping form according to a specific service,we turn to the analysis of the mapping mechanism.We apply the following six queueing models to analyze the mapping mechanism of current network and NLPM.M1is the current multi-connection single-path model,which can be consideredan M/M/1queue with multiple non-priority customers.M2is the priority multi-connection single-path model,which can be considered an M/M/1queue with multiple priority customers.M3is the non-priority multi-connection multi-path model,which can be considered an M/M/N queue with multiple non-priority customers.M4is the binding priority multi-connection multi-path model,which can be considered multiple independent M/M/1queues.Like M4,M5is used here only to show a different binding relationship.M6is the optimal priority multi-connection multi-path model,which can be considered an M/M/N queue with multiple priority customers.2.5Application of mapping functionThis section gives an application of the mapping function,an application in data retransmission for connection-oriented transport protocol.The mapping form is one-to-many and the mapping mechanism is based on the priority of retransmission time.In[13]we show another application of mapping function which deals with the path selection problem.2.6Image and inverse image modelWe have analyzed the mapping function in the above sections.Now we analyze the other two elements of NLPM,image and inverse image.New network information such as partitioned-service, multi-connection,and multi-path is used by NLPM as the image and inverse image for mapping.Based on optimization theory and traffic control theory,this section analyzes the value model of image and inverse image in NLPM.NLPM aims to maximize the utility of users while taking the limitation of the network capability into account.We demonstrate this by the example of how NLPM overcomes the limitation of path bandwidth.This section models the mapping from partitioned-service(inverse image) to multi-path(image),and the mapping is connected by multi-connection.The value of inverse image is the sending rate assigned to some service,and the value of image is the bandwidth assigned to some path which sends service data.Let sets P(S)and P(sn)represent the paths for service S andpartitioned-service sn∈S,respectively.Let S(p)and SN(p)represent the service and partitioned-service(both of which use the path p),respectively.Then we getP(S)={P(s1),P(s2),...,P(sn)},S(p)={S1(p),S2(p),...,SN(p)},where p∈P(sn)if and only if sn∈SN(p).That is,p is the path used by partitioned-service sn if and only if sn is the partitioned-service using path p.Based on the two mapping models in subsection2.2,the product of two0-1mapping matrixes A and H can represent the mapping from service to path,as shown in Figure2.3AnalysisofNLPMmodel3.1Analysis of queueing modelTo better demonstrate the merits of NLPM,we made a numerical comparison between different queueing models of subsection2.4.We letλ1=0.3,λ2=0.1,μ1=0.9andμ2=0.5.Table2shows the results.(For comprehensive analysis,we also made the comparison whenλ1<λ2[13].)From Table2, we can see that NLPM can decrease the mean service time for data packets with high priority.For example,models M2and M6are smaller than models M1and M3,respectively.The optimal model M6 has the least mean service time.However,the binding priority models M4and M5are inefficient due to their inflexible path using.3.2Combining optimization and queueingTo combine optimization model and queueing model for comprehensive analysis,we need a variable used in both optimization model and queueing model.We choose the transmission time of service data packet in optimization model,which is also the packet service time in queueing model.This is the intersection of optimization model and queueing model.So the utility function will be restricted by packets arrival rate.(Because the packet service time is restricted by packets arrival rate in queueing theory.)4Simulation and analysisWe present the following four simulation experiments to show how NLPM improves the utilization of network.The simulation was based on CMT-SCTP module of NS2-2.31which supports multi-path. The simulation topology included two terminals Host0and Host1.Between these two terminals there were twoindependent paths.Each path had0.5M bandwidth and200ms propagation delay.The multi-connection implementation was based on multi-stream of SCTP.The simulation applied prioritymapping like model.M6so that the subsequent data with high priority could occupy existing data with low priority.We allotted StreamID and StreamID Priority to different types of data;smaller StreamID Priority means higher priority.We used three streams in the experiments.Stream0had StreamID Priority0;stream1and stream2both had StreamID Priority1.The start time of streams0,1and2were 0.5,0.6and0.7s,respectively.Utility can be improved either by increasing physical bandwidth or by applying priority with fixed bandwidth.As shown in the first experiment,NLPM applies the latter to improve utility.Figure3shows the throughout with and without priority mapping.The throughout under both scenarios were almost the same in the first experiment.The second experiment shows that priority mapping can shorten the submitting time.Let the sending rate of stream0be50K and the other two streams both be2000K.Figure4shows the arrival time and the submitting time of stream0with and without priority mapping.With priority,stream0can be submitted faster.The third experiment shows that priority mapping can improve throughout with fixed sending rate.Let the sending rates of streams0,1and2be950,1000and1000K,respectively.Figures5and6show thethroughout with and without priority mapping.We can see that higher priority improves thethroughout of stream0.The fourth experiment shows the dynamic sending rate does not prevent priority mapping from improving the throughout.We kept the sending rates of streams1and2fixed and increased the sending rate of stream0from500to950K in steps of50K.Figures7and8show the throughout with and without priority mapping.Note that there are several inflections for all of the streams in Figures7and8, because the overall throughput of three streams depends on the size of all the sending windows on different paths.When the sending rate of one stream changes,the throughput of other streams will change too.5Implementation and analysisTo show the effect of NLPM on improving the satisfaction of users,we implemented a web browser which supports user preference by modifying Apache server and Firefox browser.The transport protocol of the new browser used SCTP,which was extended in our experiment by several functions such as logical multi-connection with priority,multi-path based on SCTP multi-home,path priority based on bandwidth estimate and multi-thread supported by SCTP.The topology included three network devices:Apache server(Apache2.0.55),Web browser client(Firefox1.6)and WAN simulator(Nistnet 2.0.12).The server and client both had two network interface cards which made up two paths.WAN simulator was used to connect the server and client,and configure the two paths between them.Thegood path was configured with50ms delay and3Mbps bandwidth while the bad one was configured with100ms delay and1Mbps bandwidth.In the following three experiments,the client requested from the server a web page,which included six pictures:52.4KB(p1),52.4KB(p2),303.9KB(p3),303.9 KB(p4),862B(p5)and862B(p6).If not specified,the default sending order is p1,p2,p3,p4,p5and p6 in the following experiments.The first experiment was based on model M3,in which no priority was assigned to different types of service data.Therefore the service data was sent through a randomly-selected path.Figure9shows the experiment results.The total transmission time was5.44s. It took longer time to send p4than p5though p4was sent earlier,because p4has larger size than p5.The second experiment was based on models M4/M5.For both models,important data was assigned higher priority so that it can be sent earlier through a better path than other data.But due to the inflexible path using,the overall utilization is lower than that in model M3.Figure10shows that the total transmission time is longer in the second experiment than in the first experiment because of inflexible path using.The third experiment was based on optimal model M6.The important data was assigned higher priority as in the second experiment but with three different priorities as follows.The first priority from high to low was p5,p6,p3,p4,p1and p2.The second was p5,p6,p1,p2,p3and p4.The third was p3,p4,p1,p2, p5and p6.Figures11–13show the results under different priorities.We can find that it took less time to send the pictures with higher priority and the total transmission time did not increase compared to model M3.Therefore the overall utility of users improved.In addition to the above findings,another finding worth mentioning is that the total efficiency will reach the highest when the picture with bigger size was assigned higher priority.Figure13shows the shortest overall transmission time.The reason is that sending the bigger-sized picture can increase the utilization of paths.6ConclusionsThe utility function describes users’satisfaction which is an important evaluative criteria for Internet design.The paper presents how NLPM can improve the satisfaction of users.The core design thought of NLPM is to introduce priority to some emerging internet techniques such as service data partition, multiconnectionand multi-path,and then combine these techniques with mapping.Analysis and experimentshave proved that NLPM could better serve the users with high priority while maintaining the overall efficiency of all users.网络分层优先级映射理论抽象的网络分层初期，信息层之间没有大量频繁的交流。
jsp网站开发毕设外文翻译
jsp网站开发毕设外文翻译西安邮电大学外文文献翻译院 (系): 计算机学院专业: 计算机科学与技术班级:学生姓名: 导师姓名: 职称:起止时间:2011年 9月23日至 2012年 6月2日原文:Java and the InternetAlthough Java is very useful for solving traditional stand-alone programming problems, it is also important because it will solve programming problems on the World Wide Web.1. Client-side programmingThe Web’s initial server-browser design provided for interactive content, but the interactivity was completely provided by the server. The server produced static pages for the client browser, which would simply interpret and display them. Basic HTML contains simple mechanisms for data gathering: text-entry boxes, check boxes, radio boxes, lists and drop-down lists, as well as a button that can only be programmed to reset t he data on the form or “submit” the data on the form back to the server. This submission passes through the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) provided on all Web servers. The text within the submission tells CGI what to do with it. The most common action is to run a programlocated on the server in a directory that’s typically called “cgi-bin.” (If you watch the address window at the topof your browser when you push a button on a Web page, you can sometimes see “cgi-bin” within all thegobbledygook there.) These programs can be written in most languages. Perl is a common choice because it is designed for text manipulation and is interpreted, so it can be installed on any server regardless of processor or operating system.Many powerful Web sites today are built strictly on CGI, and you can in fact do nearly anything with it. However, Web sites built on CGI programs can rapidly become overly complicated to maintain, and there is also the problem of response time. The response of a CGI program depends on how much data must be sent, as well as the load on both the serverand the Internet. (On top of this, starting a CGI program tends to be slow.) The initial designers of the Web did not foresee how rapidly this bandwidth would be exhausted for the kinds of applications people developed. For example, any sort of dynamic graphing is nearlyimpossible to perform with consistency because a GIF file must becreated and moved from the server to the client for each version of the graph. And you’ve no doubt had direct ex perience with something as simple as validating the data on an input form. You press the submit button on a page; the data is shipped back to the server; the server starts a CGI program that discovers an error, formats an HTML page informing you of the error, and then sends the page back to you; youmust then back up a page and try again. Not only is this slow, it’s inelegant.The solution is client-side programming. Most machines that run Web browsers are powerful engines capable of doing vast work, and with the original static HTML approach they are sitting there, just idly waiting for the server to dish up the next page. Client-side programming means that the Web browser is harnessed to do whatever work it can, and the result for the user is a much speedier and more interactive experience at your Web site.The problem with discussions of client-side programming is that they aren’t very different fromdiscussions of programming in general. The parameters are almost the same, but the platform is different: a Web browser is like a limited operating system. In the end, you must still program, and this accounts for the dizzying array of problems and solutions produced by client-side programming. The rest of this section provides an overview of the issues and approaches in client-side programming. 2.Plug-insOne of the most significant steps forward in client-side programming is the development of the plug-in. This is a way for a programmer to add new functionality to the browser by downloading a piece of code that plugs itself into the appropriate spot in the browser. It tells the browser “from now on you can perform this new activity.” (You need to download the plug-in only once.) Some fast and powerfulbehavior is added to browsers via plug-ins, but writing a plug-in is not a trivial task, and isn’t somethingyou’d want to do as part of the process of building a particular site. The value of the plug-in forclient-side programming is that it allows an expert programmer to develop a new language and add that language to a browser without the permission of the browser manufacturer. Thus, plug-ins provide a “back door” that allows the creation of new client-side programming languages (although not alllanguages are implemented as plug-ins).3.Scripting languagesPlug-ins resulted in an explosion of scripting languages. With a scripting language you embed the source code for your client-side program directly into the HTML page, and the plug-in that interpretsthat language is automatically activated while the HTML page is being displayed. Scripting languages tend to be reasonably easy to understand and, because they are simply text that is part of an HTML page, they load very quickly as part of the single server hit required to procure that page. The trade-off is that your code is exposed for everyone to see (and steal). Generally, however, you aren’t doing amazingly sophisticated things with scripting languages so this is not too much of a hardship. This points out that the scripting languages used inside Web browsers are really intended to solve specific types of problems, primarily the creation of richer and more interactive graphical userinterfaces (GUIs). However, a scripting language might solve 80 percent of the problems encountered in client-side programming. Your problems might very well fit completely within that 80 percent, and sincescripting languages can allow easier and faster development, you should probably consider a scripting language before looking at a more involved solution such as Java or ActiveX programming. The most commonly discussed browser scripting languages are JavaScript (which has nothing to do with Java; it’s named that way just to grab some of Java’s marketing momentum), VBScript (whichlooks like Visual Basic), and Tcl/Tk, which comes from the popular cross-platform GUI-building language. There are others out there, and no doubt more in development.JavaScript is probably the most commonly supported. It comes builtinto both Netscape Navigatorand the Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE). In addition, there are probably more JavaScript books available than there are for the other browser languages, and some tools automatically create pages using JavaScript. However, if you’re already fluent in Visual Basic or Tcl/Tk, you’ll be mor e productive using those scripting languages rather than learning a new one. (You’ll have your hands full dealing with the Web issues already.)4.JavaIf a scripting language can solve 80 percent of the client-side programming problems, what about the other 20 percent—the “really hardstuff?” The most popular solution today is Java. Not only is it a powerful programming language built to be secure, cross-platform, and international, but Java is being continually extended to provide language features and libraries that elegantly handle problems that are difficult in traditional programming languages, such as multithreading, database access, network programming, and distributed computing. Java allows client-side programming via the applet. An applet is a mini-program that will run only under a Web browser. The applet is downloaded automatically as part of a Web page (just as, for example, a graphic is automatically downloaded).it provides you with a When the applet is activated it executes a program. This is part of its beauty—way to automatically distribute the client software from the server at the time the user needs the client software, and no sooner. The user gets the latest version of the client software without fail and without difficult reinstallation. Because of the way Java is designed, the programmer needs to create only a single program, and that program automatically works with all computers that have browsers with built-in Java interpreters. (This safely includes the vast majority of machines.) Since Java is a full-fledged programming language, you can do as much work as possible on the client before and after making requests of the server. For example, you won’t need to send a request form across the Internet todiscover that you’ve gotten a d ate or some other parameter wrong, and your client computer can quickly do the work of plotting data instead of waiting for the server to make a plot and ship a graphic image back to you. Not only do you get the immediate win of speed and responsiveness, but the general network traffic and load on servers can be reduced, preventing the entire Internet from slowing down. One advantage a Java applet has over a scripted program is that it’s in compiled form, so the sourcecode isn’t available to the client. O n the other hand, a Javaapplet can be decompiled without too much trouble, but hiding your code is often not an important issue. Two other factors can be important. As you will see later in this book, a compiled Java applet can comprise many modules and t ake multiple server “hits” (accesses) to download. (In Java 1.1 and higher this is minimized by Java archives, called JAR files, that allow all the required modules to be packaged together and compressed for a single download.) A scripted program will just be integrated into the Web page as part of its text (and will generally be smaller and reduce server hits). This could be important to the responsiveness of your Web site. Another factor is the all-important learning curve. Regardless of what you’ve heard, Java is not a trivial language to learn. If you’re a Visual Basic programmer, moving to VBScript will be your fastest solution, and since it will probably solve most typical client/server problems you might be hard pressed to justify learning Java. If yo u’re experienced with a scripting language you willcertainly benefit from looking at JavaScript or VBScript before committing to Java, since they might fit your needs handily and you’ll bemore productive sooner.to run its applets withi5.ActiveXTo so me degree, the competitor to Java is Microsoft’s ActiveX, although it takes a completely different approach. ActiveX wasoriginally a Windows-only solution, although it is now being developed via an independent consortium to become cross-platform. Effectively, ActiveX says “if yourprogram connects to its environment just so, it can be dropped into a Web page and run under a browser that supports ActiveX.” (IE directly supports ActiveX and Netscape does so using a plug-in.) Thus, ActiveX does not constrain you to a particular language. If, for example, you’re already an experienced Windows programmer using a language such as C++, Visual Basic, or Borland’s Delphi, you can create ActiveX components with almost no changes to your programming knowledge. ActiveX also provides a path for the use of legacy code in your Web pages.6.Internet vs. intranetThe Web is the most general solution to the client/server problem,so it makes sense that you can use the same technology to solve a subset of the problem, in particular the classic client/server problem within a company. With traditional client/server approaches you have the problemof multiple types of client computers, as well as the difficulty of installing new client software, both of which are handily solved with Web browsers and client-side programming. When Web technology is used for an information network that is restricted to a particular company, it is referred to as an intranet. Intranets provide much greater security than the Internet, since you can physically control access to the servers within your company. In terms of training, it seems that once people understand the general concept of a browser it’s much easier for them to deal with differences in the way pages and applets look, so thelearning curve for new kinds of systems seems to be reduced.The security problem brings us to one of the divisions that seems to be automatically forming in the world of client-side programming. If your program is running on the Internet, you don’t know what platform it will be working under, and you want to be extra careful that you don’t disseminate buggy code. You need something cross-platform and secure, like a scripting language or Java. If you’re running on an intranet, you might have a different set of constraints. It’s not uncommon that your machines could all be Intel/Windows platforms. On an intranet, you’re responsible for the quality of your own code and can repair bugs when they’re discovered. In addition, you might already have abody of legacy code that you’ve been using in a more traditional client/server approach, whereby you must physically install clientprograms every time you do an upgrade. The time wasted in installing upgrades is the most compelling reason to move to browsers, because upgrades are invisible and automatic. If you are involved in such an intranet, the most sensible approach to take is the shortest path that allows you to use your existing code base, rather than trying to recode your programs in a new language.When faced with this bewildering array of solutions to the client-side programming problem, the bestplan of attack is a cost-benefit analysis. Consider the constraints of your problem and what would be the shortest path to your solution. Since client-side programming is still programming, it’s always a good idea to take the fastest development approach for your particular situation. This is an aggressive stance to prepare for inevitable encounters with the problems of program development.翻译:Java和因特网Java除了可解决传统的程序设计问题以外，还能解决World Wide Web(万维网)上的编程问题。
网站毕业设计外文翻译
WebsiteFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaA website is a collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that are addressed relative to a common Uniform Resource Locator (URL), often consisting of only the domain name, or the IP address, and the root path in an Internet Protocol-based network. A web site is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network.A web page is a document, typically written in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML).A web page may incorporate elements from other websites with suitable markup anchors.Web pages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which may optionally employ encryption (HTTP Secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the user of the web page content. The user's application, often a web browser, renders the page content according to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal.All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web.the pages of a website can usually be accessed from a simple Uniform Resource Locator called the homepage. The URLs of the pages organize them into a hierarchy, although hyperlinking between them conveys the reader's perceived site structure and guides the reader's navigation of the site.Some websites require a subscription to access some or all of their content. Examples of subscription sites include many business sites, parts of many news sites, academic journal sites, gaming sites, message boards, web-based e-mail, social networking websites, and sites providing real-time stock market data.1.HistoryThe World Wide Web (WWW) was created in 1989 by CERN physicist Tim Berners-Lee.On 30 April 1993, CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to use for anyone.Before the introduction of HTML and HTTP, other protocols such as filetransfer protocol and the gopher protocol were used to retrieve individual files from a server. These protocols offer a simple directory structure which the user navigates and chooses files to download. Documents were most often presented as plain text files without formatting or were encoded in word processor formats.2.OverviewOrganized by function, a website may be（1）a personal website（2）a commercial website（3）a government website（4）a non-profit organization websiteIt could be the work of an individual, a business or other organization, and is typically dedicated to some particular topic or purpose. Any website can contain a hyperlink to any other website, so the distinction between individual sites, as perceived by the user, may sometimes be blurred.Websites are written in, or dynamically converted to HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) and are accessed using a software interface classified as a user agent. Web pages can be viewed or otherwise accessed from a range of computer-based and Internet-enabled devices of various sizes, including desktop computers, laptops, PDAs and cell phones.A website is hosted on a computer system known as a web server, also called an HTTP server, and these terms can also refer to the software that runs on these systems and that retrieves and delivers the web pages in response to requests from the website users. Apache is the most commonly used web server software (according to Netcraft statistics) and Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS) is also commonly used.3. Static websiteA static website is one that has web pages stored on the server in the format that is sent to a client web browser. It is primarily coded in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).Simple forms or marketing examples of websites, such as classic website, a five-page website or a brochure website are often static websites, because they present pre-defined, static information to the user. This may includeinformation about a company and its products and services via text, photos, animations, audio/video and interactive menus and navigation.This type of website usually displays the same information to all visitors. Similar to handing out a printed brochure to customers or clients, a static website will generally provide consistent, standard information for an extended period of time. Although the website owner may make updates periodically, it is a manual process to edit the text, photos and other content and may require basic website design skills and software.In summary, visitors are not able to control what information they receive via a static website, and must instead settle for whatever content the website owner has decided to offer at that time.They are edited using four broad categories of software:(1) Text editors, such as Notepad or TextEdit, where content and HTML markup are manipulated directly within the editor program(2) Wysiwyg offline editors, such as Microsoft FrontPage and Adobe Dreamweaver (previously Macromedia Dreamweaver), with which the site is edited using a GUI interface and the final HTML markup is generated automatically by the editor software(3) Wysiwyg online editors which create media rich online presentation like web pages, widgets, intro, blogs, and other documents.(4) Template-based editors, such as Rapidweaver and iWeb, which allow users to quickly create and upload web pages to a web server without detailed HTML knowledge, as they pick a suitable template from a palette and add pictures and text to it in a desktop publishing fashion without direct manipulation of HTML code.4. Dynamic websiteA dynamic website is one that changes or customizes itself frequently and automatically, based on certain criteria.Dynamic websites can have two types of dynamic activity: Code and Content. Dynamic code is invisible or behind the scenes and dynamic content is visible or fully displayed.(1) Dynamic codeThe first type is a web page with dynamic code. The code is constructed dynamically on the fly using active programming language instead of plain,static HTML.A website with dynamic code refers to its construction or how it is built, and more specifically refers to the code used to create a single web page. A dynamic web page is generated on the fly by piecing together certain blocks of code, procedures or routines. A dynamically-generated web page would call various bits of information from a database and put them together in a pre-defined format to present the reader with a coherent page. It interacts with users in a variety of ways including by reading cookies recognizing users' previous history, session variables, server side variables etc., or by using direct interaction (form elements, mouse overs, etc.). A site can display the current state of a dialogue between users, monitor a changing situation, or provide information in some way personalized to the requirements of the individual user.(2) Dynamic contentThe second type is a website with dynamic content displayed in plain view. Variable content is displayed dynamically on the fly based on certain criteria, usually by retrieving content stored in a database.A website with dynamic content refers to how its messages, text, images and other information are displayed on the web page and more specifically how its content changes at any given moment. The web page content varies based on certain criteria, either pre-defined rules or variable user input. For example, a website with a database of news articles can use a pre-defined rule which tells it to display all news articles for today's date. This type of dynamic website will automatically show the most current news articles on any given date. Another example of dynamic content is when a retail website with a database of media products allows a user to input a search request for the keyword Beatles. In response, the content of the web page will spontaneously change the way it looked before, and will then display a list of Beatles products like CD's, DVD's and books.5. Software systemsThere is a wide range of software systems, such as Java Server Pages (JSP), the PHP and Perl programming languages, Active Server Pages (ASP), Yuma and ColdFusion (CFML) that are available to generate dynamic web systems and dynamic sites. Sites may also include content that is retrievedfrom one or more databases or by using XML-based technologies such as RSS.Static content may also be dynamically generated either periodically, or if certain conditions for regeneration occur (cached) in order to avoid the performance loss of initiating the dynamic engine on a per-user or per-connection basis.Plugins are available to expand the features and abilities of web browsers, which use them to show active content, such as Microsoft Silverlight, Adobe Flash, Adobe Shockwave or applets written in Java. Dynamic HTML also provides for user interactivity and real time element updating within web pages (ie pages don't have to be loaded or reloaded to effect any changes), mainly using the Document Object Model (DOM) and JavaScript, support which is built-in to most modern web browsers.Turning a website into an income source is a common practice for web developers and website owners. There are several methods for creating a website business which fall into two broad categories, as defined below.(1) Content-based siteSome websites derive revenue by selling advertising space on the site (see Contextual advertising).(2) Product- or service-based sitesSome websites derive revenue by offering products or services for sale. In the case of e-commerce websites, the products or services may be purchased at the website itself, by entering credit card or other payment information into a payment form on the site. While most business websites serve as a shop window for existing brick and mortar businesses, it is increasingly the case that some websites are businesses in their own right; that is, the products they offer are only available for purchase on the web.Websites occasionally derive income from a combination of these two practices. For example, a website such as an online auctions website may charge the users of its auction service to list an auction, but also display third-party advertisements on the site, from which it derives further income.网站文章来自维基百科，自由的百科全书网站是一组相关的网页，图片，视频或其他数字资产的集合，是针对相对的一个共同的统一资源定位符（URL），这个定位器往往由域名，或组成的IP地址在以网络为基础的互联网协议上的根路径构成。
网页设计外文翻译
外文资料JavaServer Pages OverviewJavaServer Pages (JSP) technology enables Web developers and designers to rapidly develop and easily maintain, information-rich, dynamic Web pages that leverage existing business systems. As part of the Java technology family, JSP technology enables rapid development of Web-based applications that are platform independent. JSP technology separates the user interface from content generation, enabling designers to change the overall page layout without altering the underlying dynamic content.Benefits for DevelopersIf you are a Web page developer or designer who is familiar with HTML, you can: Use JSP technology without having to learn the Java language: You can use JSP technology without learning how to write Java scriplets. Although scriptlets are no longer required to generate dynamic content, they are still supported to provide backward compatibility.Extend the JSP language: Java tag library developers and designers can extend the JSP language with "simple tag handlers," which utilize a new, much simpler and cleaner, tag extension API. This spurs the growing number of pluggable, reusable tag libraries available, which in turn reduces the amount of code needed to write powerful Web applications.Easily write and maintain pages: The JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL) expression language is now integrated into JSP technology and has been upgraded to support functions. The expression language can now be used instead of scriptlet expressions.JSP Technology and Java ServletsJSP technology uses XML-like tags that encapsulate the logic that generates the content for the page. The application logic can reside in server-based resources (such as JavaBeans component architecture) that the page accesses with these tags. Any and all formatting (HTML or XML) tags are passed directly back to the response page. By separating the page logic from its design and display and supporting a reusable component-based design, JSP technology makes it faster and easier than ever to build Web-based applications.JavaServer Pages technology is an extension of the Java Servlet technology. Servlets are platform-independent, server-side modules that fit seamlessly into a Web server framework and can be used to extend the capabilities of a Web server with minimal overhead, maintenance, and support. Unlike other scripting languages, servlets involve no platform-specific consideration or modifications; they are application components that are downloaded, on demand, to the part of the system that needs them. Together, JSP technology and servlets provide an attractive alternative to other types of dynamic Web scripting/programming by offering: platform independence; enhanced performance; separation of logic from display; ease of administration; extensibility into the enterprise; and, most importantly, ease of use.Today servlets are a popular choice for building interactive Web applications.Third-party servlet containers are available for Apache Web Server, Microsoft IIS, and others. Servlet containers are usually a component of Web and application servers, such as BEA WebLogic Application Server, IBM WebSphere, Sun Java System Web Server, Sun Java System Application Server, and others.Community BackgroundThe JSP specification is the product of industry-wide collaboration with industry leaders in the enterprise software and tools markets, led by Sun Microsystems. Sun has made the JSP specification freely available to the developer community, with the goal that every Web server and application server will support the JSP interface. JSP pages share the "Write Once, Run Anywhere" advantages of Java technology. JSP technology is a key component in the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition, Sun's highly scalable architecture for enterprise applications.JSP Technology in the Java EE 5 PlatformThe focus of Java EE 5 has been ease of development by making use of Java language annotations that were introduced by J2SE 5.0. JSP 2.1 supports this goal by defining annotations for dependency injection on JSP tag handlers and context listeners. Another key concern of the Java EE 5 specification has been the alignment of its webtier technologies, namely JavaServer Pages (JSP), JavaServer Faces (JSF), and JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL).The outcome of this alignment effort has been the Unified Expression Language (EL), which integrates the expression languages defined by JSP 2.0 and JSF 1.1.The main key additions to the Unified EL that came out of tbe alignment work have been:A pluggable API for resolving variable references into Java objects and for resolving the properties applied to these Java objects,Support for deferred expressions, which may be evaluated by a tag handler when needed, unlike their regular expression counterparts, which get evaluated immediately when a page is executed and rendered, andSupport for lvalue expression, which appear on the left hand side of an assignment operation. When used as an lvalue, an EL expression represents a reference to a data structure, for example: a JavaBeans property, that is assigned some user input.The new Unified EL is defined in its own specification document, which is delivered along with the JSP 2.1 specification.Thanks to the Unified EL, JSTL tags, such as the JSTL iteration tags, can now be used with JSF components in an intuitive way.Java Servlet Technology OverviewServlets are the Java platform technology of choice for extending and enhancing Web servers. Servlets provide a component-based, platform-independent method for building Web-based applications, without the performance limitations of CGI programs. And unlike proprietary server extension mechanisms (such as the Netscape Server API or Apache modules), servlets are server- and platform-independent. This leaves you free to select a "best of breed" strategy for your servers, platforms, and tools.Servlets have access to the entire family of Java APIs, including the JDBC API to access enterprise databases. Servlets can also access a library of HTTP-specific calls and receive all the benefits of the mature Java language, including portability, performance, reusability, and crash protection.Today servlets are a popular choice for building interactive Web applications. Third-party servlet containers are available for Apache Web Server, Microsoft IIS, and others. Servlet containers are usually a component of Web and application servers, such as BEA WebLogic Application Server, IBM WebSphere, Sun Java System Web Server, Sun Java System Application Server, and others.You might want to check out the latest information on JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. JSP technology is an extension of the servlet technology created to support authoring of HTML and XML pages. It makes it easier to combine fixed or static template data with dynamic content. Even if you're comfortable writing servlets, there are several compelling reasons to investigate JSP technology as a complementto your existing work.JavaBeansJavaBeans technology is the component architecture for the Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE). Components (JavaBeans) are reusable software programs thatyou can develop and assemble easily to create sophisticated applications. JavaBeans technology is based on the JavaBeans specification.The Bean BuilderThe Bean Builder is a simple component assembler that demonstrates the visual construction of applications using component assembly mechanisms.JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF)JAF lets you take advantage of standard services to: determine the type of an arbitrary piece of data; encapsulate access to it; discover the operations availableon it; and instantiate the appropriate bean to perform the operation(s).The Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) is a standard that defines an environment forthe development and deployment of enterprise applications. It reduces the cost and complexity of developing multitier enterprise applications as it provides amultitier distributed application model. In other words, it is inherently distributed and therefore the various parts of an application can run on different devices.Web applications developed using JavaServer Pages (JSP) may require some interaction with J2EE services. For example, a web-based inventory control system may need to access J2EE's directory services to gain access to a database. Or you may want touse Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) in your application.This article presents a brief overview of J2EE, then it shows how to: Describe J2EE services in a Web Deployment Descriptor (web.xml)Reference J2EE servicesAccess and use J2EE services from JSPsOverview of J2EEThe J2EE is a standard platform for the development and deployment of enterprise applications. The architecture of J2EE, which is component-based, makes developingenterprise applications easy because business logic is organized into reusable components and the underlying service is provided by J2EE in the form of a container for every component type. Think of a container as the interface between the component and the low-level functionality that supports the component. Therefore, before an application client component can be executed, it must be configured as a J2EE service and deployed into its container.J2EE promotes the development of multitier applications in which the web container hosts web components that are dedicated to handling a given application's presentation logic, and responds to requests from the client (such as the web browser). The EJB container, on the other hand, hosts application components that respond to requests from the web tier as shown in Figure 1.Figure 1: Multitier ApplicationsApplications that use this architecture are implicitly scalable. This architecture decouples the accessing of data from end-user interactions, and encourages component-based code reusability. At the web tier, J2EE promotes the use of JSPs for the creation of dynamic content for Web clients.Custom Tags and J2EEJ2EE has a lot to offer to Web application developers and the JSP custom tag developer. As you can see from Table 1 above, it has a rich set of standard APIs for sending email, accessing databases, parsing XML documents, and so on. Your Web applications can benefit greatly from these APIs. For example, you can write a JSP custom tag for sending email that can be used easily by Web content developers who are not familiar with Java. If you are not familiar with JSP custom tags, their benefits, and how to create them, please refer to Developing JSP Custom Tags.外文资料译文Javaserverpages概况Javaserverpages(jsp)技术，使Web开发人员和设计师可以快速开发和易于维护，利用现有的业务系统的动态网页使信息丰富。
网页设计与制作外文翻译文献中英文
外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Computer Knowledge & Technology, 2013,12(1):31-41英文原文Web design and productionM SiegelAbstractThe paper will study and discuss methods and tools for personal web page design and production. Based on the introduction of web design and production language, we focused on using JavaScript as a tool language for actual web page design and production. We used object-based JavaScript language, the use of internal object systems, and WEB page information interaction—window and framework. Describe it in detail and use specific examples for verification.Keywords: web page production, web design, software, html1 IntroductionWith the advent of the 21st century, people feel more and more deeply that the role of computers in life and work is more and more important. More and more professions need computer application skills. Mastering the need for computers is a career, but also the need for career development. Web design and production is a concrete manifestation of computer capabilities. This chapter mainly introduces related knowledgeof web design.1.1 Web Design OverviewA website is a way for companies to provide information (including products and services) to users and netizens. It is an infrastructure and information platform for companies to develop e-commerce. It is impossible to leave e-commerce (or just use a third-party website) to talk about e-commerce. . The company's web site is called the “Internet Trademark” and is also part of the company's intangible assets. The website is an important window on the Internet to promote and reflect corporate image and culture.1.2 Elements of Web DesignThe two major elements of web design are: overall style and color matching. First, determine the overall style of the siteChapter 2 Application of HTML Web Design Technology2.1 HTML language introductionHTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) is a hypertext markup language or hypertext markup language. It is the most widely used language on the Internet and the main language constituting webpage documents.HTML text is descriptive text composed of HTML commands. HTML commands can describe text, graphics, animations, sounds, forms, links, and so on. The structure of HTML includes two parts: the head andthe body. The head describes the information needed by the browser, and the body contains the specific content to be explained.2.1.1 Features of HTML LanguageHTML document production is not very complicated and powerful. It supports the inlaying of files in different data formats. This is one of the reasons for the popularity of the WWW. The features of the HTML language are as follows:1. Simplicity: The HTML version upgrade adopts a superset method, which is more flexible and convenient.2. Extensibility: The extensive use of HTML language has brought about enhanced functions, increased identifiers, and other requirements. HTML takes the form of sub-elements to provide guarantees for system expansion.3, platform independence. Although PCs are popular, there are plenty of other machines using MAC and so on. HTML can be used on a wide range of platforms, which is another reason why WWW is prevalent.2.1.2 HTML language editing softwareWrite it, too. However, use .htm or .html as an extension when saving, so that the browser can interpret it.2. Semi-WYSIWYG software, this software can greatly improve the development efficiency, it can enable you to make Homepage in a veryshort time, and you can learn HTML, this type of software mainly has HOTDOG, as well as domestic Software webpage workshop.3, WYSIWYG software, using the most extensive editor, you can completely do not know HTML knowledge to make web pages.2.2.3 JavaScript Technology Used in Web DesignOne, JavaScript OverviewJavaScript is an object-based and event-driven scripting language with safe performance. The purpose of using it is to implement linking multiple objects in a Web page together with HTML hypertext markup language and Java scripting language (Java applets) to interact with Web clients. This allows you to develop client applications and more. It is implemented by embedding or loading in the standard HTML language. Its appearance has made up for the shortcomings of the HTML language. It is a compromise between Java and HTML. It has the following basic features:1, is a scripting languageJavaScript is a scripting language that uses small blocks to program. Like other scripting languages, JavaScript is also an interpreted language that provides an easy development process.Its basic structure is very similar to that of C, C++, VB, and Delphi. But unlike these languages, it needs to be compiled first, but it is interpreted line by line during the execution of the program. It iscombined with HTML tags to make it easier for users to use.2, based on the language of the object.JavaScript is an object-based language that can be viewed as an object-oriented one. This means it can use the objects that it has already created. Therefore, many functions can come from the interaction of methods and scripts in the script environment.3, simplicityThe essence of HTML is text, which requires the interpretation of the browser. The HTML editor can be roughly divided into three types: 1. The basic editing software, which can be written using WINDOWS's own notebook or writing, of course, if you use WPS The simplicity of compiling JavaScript is mainly reflected in: First, it is a simple and compact design based on Java basic statements and control flow, which is a very good transition for learning Java. Second, its variable types are weakly typed and do not use strict data types.4, securityJavaScript is a security language. It does not allow access to the local hard disk. It does not store data on the server. It does not allow the modification or deletion of web documents. Information browsing or dynamic interaction can only be achieved through the browser. This effectively prevents data loss.5, dynamicJavaScript is dynamic. It can respond directly to user or customer input without going through a Web service program. It responds to the user's response in an event-driven manner. The so-called event-driven refers to an action that is performed by performing an operation in a Home Page. It is called an "Event". For example, pressing a mouse, moving a window, selecting a menu, etc. can all be considered events. When an incident occurs, it may cause a corresponding event response.6, cross-platformJavaScript is dependent on the browser itself, regardless of the operating environment, as long as it can run the browser's computer, and the JavaScript browser can be executed correctly. In order to achieve the "write once, travel the world" dream. In fact, the most outstanding thing about JavaScript is that you can do a lot of things with very small programs. Without high-performance computers, the software requires only a word processing software and a browser. It does not require a WEB server channel and can do everything through its own computer.In short, JavaScript is a new description language that can be tethered to HTML documents. The JavaScript language can respond to user's demand events (such as form input) without using any network to transfer data back and forth, so when a user enters a data, it does not pass it to the server (server). ) Processing, and then returned to the process, and can be directly handled by the client's application.The third chapter WEB page information interaction - form and frameTo realize the dynamic interaction of web pages, you must master more complex knowledge about form objects and frame objects.3.1 Form BasicsThe form object allows the designer to interact with the client user using different elements in the form, but without having to first perform data input, the behavior of the Web document can be changed dynamically.3.1.1 Form objectForm: It forms the basic element of a Web page. Usually a Web page has a form or several windows, using the Forms[] array to access different forms.3.1.2 Form Object MethodsThere is only one --submit() method for the form object. The main function of this method is to submit the form information. 3.1.3 Form Object PropertiesThe attributes of the window object mainly include the following: elements name action target encoding method. In addition to Elements, several others reflect the state of the corresponding attribute in the identity of the form, which is usually a single form identifier; elements are often an array of values for multiple form elements.3.1.4 Accessing a Form ObjectAccessing a form object in JavaScript can be implemented in two ways: (1) by accessing the formIn the properties of the form object, you must first specify the name of the form, and then you can access the form with the following ID: document.Mytable().(2) access the form through an arrayIn addition to using the form name to access the form, you can use the array of form objects to access the form object. However, it should be noted that because the form object is provided by the browser environment, the array index provided by the browser environment is from 0 to n.3.1.5 Prerequisites for Reference FormsThe condition for reference to a form in JavaScript is that the form must be created on the page with an identifier and the defined form part is placed before the reference.3.2 The basic elements in the formThe basic elements in the form consist of buttons, radio buttons, check buttons, submit buttons, reset buttons, text boxes, and so on. To access these basic elements in JavaScript, you must implement an array subscript or window element name that corresponds to a specific form element. Each element is primarily referenced by its attributes ormethods.3.3 FrameworkThe main function of the Frames Frames is the "split" window, so that each "small window" can display different HTM L files. Different frames can interact with each other. This means that different frames can exchange messages and data. For example: Suppose you have opened two frames. The first frame shows the book's directory. The second frame shows the chapter's specific content.The framework can divide the screen into different areas. Each area has its own URL. Frames[] array objects can be used to access different frameworks. In fact, the frame object itself is also a kind of window, which inherits all the features of the window object and possesses all the attributes and methods. The use of the framework of the specific instructions3.4 Framework AccessEarlier we introduced using document.forms[] to access different elements in a single form. To access different elements of a multiframe in a frame, you must use the Frames property in the window object. The Frames property is also an array. It has one item for each sub-frame in the parent frameset.3.5 Summary of this chapterThis chapter mainly introduces the main functions and uses of thebasic elements in the framework. The use of JavaScript scripts can be very convenient and flexible to implement more complex information interaction of Web pages. This is not what the HTML markup language can provide. Y ou can see from it that JavaScript is a good tool for the Web to involve people.中文译文网页设计与制作作者M Siegel摘要本文将对个人网页设计与制作的方法、工具等展开研究和探讨。
信息工程网站设计与制作中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Web design and productionSummaryPapers will expand the personal web design and production methods, tools and other research and discussion. Based on the introduction of web design and production of language, the emphasis on using the JavaScript language as a tool for the actual operation of web design and production of, respectively, based on the object of the JavaScript language, the use of internal object system and WEB pages of information exchange - windows and frameworks Detailed description of the use of specific examples and verified.1. IntroductionWith the advent of the 21st century, people are more and more important to feel the life and work of the computer's role in the increasingly professional needs to have a computer application skills deeply. Is required to master the computer profession, but also career development needs. Web design and production is a concrete manifestation of the ability of a computer, this chapter introduces the relevant knowledge of web design.1.1 Web Design OverviewWebsite is a way businesses and users to provide information (including products and services) to the user, is the enterprise e-commerce infrastructure and information platform, leave the site (or just use a third-party site) is not possible to talk about e-commerce . Corporate web site called "network brand", also part of intangible assets, and the site is an important window of publicity and reflect the corporate image and culture on the INTERNET.Web Design Elements 1.2Two elements of web design are: overall style and color matching. First, determine the overall style of the siteApplication chapter HTML web design technology2.1 HTML language descriptionHTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) ie, HTML, or Hypertext Markup Language, is currently the most widely used language network, but also constitute the primary language of the document pages.HTML text is composed by HTML commands descriptive text, HTML commands can explain text, graphics, animation, sound, tables, links, and so on. HTML structure includes a head (Head), the specific content of the body (Body) into two parts, of which the head of the description of the browser you want, and the body contains the desired note.Features 2.1.1 HTML languageHTML document production is not very complex and powerful, supporting different data file formats insert, which is one of the reasons for the prevalence of WWW, HTML language characteristics are as follows:1, simplicity, HTML version upgrade using a superset of the way, which is more flexible and convenient.2, scalability, widely used in HTML language brings to strengthen capabilities and increase identifiers and other requirements, HTML elements take the form of a subclass, bring assurance system expansion.3, platform independence. While the PC is popular, but the use of MAC and other machines out there, HTML can be used on a wide range of platforms, and this is another reason for theprevalence of WWW.2.1.2 HTML language editing softwareHTML is the essence of the text, you need to explain your browser, HTML editor can be roughly divided into three types: 1, the basic editing software, using WINDOWS notepad or write version can be written, of course, if you use WPS to write, you can. However, please use .htm or .html as the extension, so the browser can interpret save when executed.2, semi-WYSIWYG software, which can greatly improve development efficiency, it can make you make a Homepage in a very short period of time, and you can learn HTML, this type of software has HOTDOG, as well as domestic Software web workshop.3, WYSIWYG software, the most widely used editor, can understand a little HTML knowledge can make pages.Application chapter HTML web design technology2.2.3 JavaScript technology in web designOne, JavaScript OverviewJavaScript is an object-based (Object) and event-driven (Event Driven) and safety performance have scripting language. Its purpose is to use HTML and HTML, Java scripting language (Java applet) link together to achieve multiple objects in a Web page, the Web client interactions. Which can develop client applications. It is by embedding or transferred in standard HTML language implemented. It appears to make up for the shortcomings of HTML language, which is a compromise choice for Java and HTML, has the following basic characteristics:1, is a scripting languageJavaScript is a scripting language, which uses a small way to block implementation of programming. Like other scripting languages, JavaScript is an interpreted language is also, it provides an easy development process.Its basic structure with C, C ++, VB, Delphi is very similar. But it is not like these languages, you need to compile, but is interpreted line by line in the program is running. It is combined with HTML markup, so as to facilitate the user's operation.2, object-based language.JavaScript is an object-based language, but to be seen as an object-oriented. This means that itcan use objects that they have created. Therefore, many functions can be derived from the interaction of methods and scripts scripting environment object.3. SimplicitySimplicity is mainly reflected in JavaScript: First, it is a Java basic statements and control flow above the simple and compact design based on order for Java is a very good transition study. Secondly, it is the use of weakly typed variable type, did not use strict data types.4, securityJavaScript is a safe language, it does not allow access to the local hard disk, data can not be stored on the server, the network is not allowed to modify and delete documents, can only be achieved through a dynamic interactive information browsing or browser. Thus effectively prevent the loss of data.5, the dynamic nature ofJavaScript is dynamic, it can respond directly to the user or customer input, without going through the Web service program. It reflects the user's response, is the use of event-driven manner. The so-called event-driven, meaning the implementation of certain actions arising from the action on the home page (Home Page), and is called the "event" (Event). For example, pressing the mouse button, move the window, select the menu and so can be considered an event. When the event occurs, it may cause the appropriate incident response.6, cross-platformJavaScript is dependent on the browser itself, regardless of the operating environment, as long as the computer running the browser, and the browser supports JavaScript can be executed correctly. In order to achieve the "write once, everywhere" dream.In fact the most prominent place JavaScript program that can be used to do a lot of little things. No need to have a high-performance computers, software is only a word processing software and a browser without WEB server channels through their computer to complete everything.In short, JavaScript is a new description language, it can be among the clamp into the HTML file. JavaScript language can be done to respond to the needs of the user event (such as: form input) without any network transfer data back and forth, so that when a user enters a material, it does not pass through the servo end (server ) processing, and transmits it back to the process, and can be directly handled by the client (client) apps.Chapter III WEB page interaction information - Forms and FrameworkTo achieve a dynamic interactive web pages, you must master the form object (Form) and the frame object (Frames) more complex knowledge.3.1 Form BasicsForm object allows designers can form different elements interact with client users, and do not need to carry out before the first data entry, you can dynamically change the behavior of Web documents.3.1.1 Form objectForm (Form): It constitutes the basic element of a Web page. Usually a Web page has a form or several forms, using Forms [] array to achieve different forms of access.Methods 3.1.2 Form objectThe method of the form object is only one --submit () method, which main function is to achievea form of information submitted.3.1.3 Form object propertiesForm object properties include the following: elements name action target encoding method. In addition Elements addition, several other forms of state are reflected in the corresponding attribute identifier, which is usually a form of individual identification; and the array elements are often more than one form element values.3.1.4 Access form objectAccess form object in JavaScript by two methods: (1) the form by visitingFirst, you must specify the name of the form in the property of a form object, and after you can access the form by following identifies as: document.Mytable ().(2) to access the form by the arrayIn addition to using the form name to access the form, you can also use the form to access the form object array of objects. But note that, due to the form object is to provide a browser environment, and the array subscript browser environment provided is from 0 to n.3.1.5 references prerequisite formConditions in JavaScript want to form reference is: you must first create a form on the page to identify with, and forms part of the place before the reference definition.3.2 The basic elements of the formForm the basic elements of the buttons, radio buttons, check buttons, submit buttons, reset buttons, text boxes and other components.In JavaScript you want to access these basic elements must be achieved through a specific form elements corresponding array subscript or form element names. Each element is referenced by major property or method of the element.3.3 FrameworkFrame Frames main function is to "split" the window, so that each "small window" can show different HTM L files, interaction between different frameworks (interact), which means you can exchange messages and data between different frameworks. For example: Suppose you opened two frames, the first frame of the book catalog can be displayed, and the second frame displays specific content sections.Framework can be divided into different areas of the screen, each region has its own URL, through Frames [] array of objects to achieve access to different frameworks. Frame object itself is actually a class of window, it inherits all the characteristics of a window object, and has all the attributes and methods. Specific examples illustrate the use of the frameworkAccess Framework 3.4In front of us had to use document.forms [] to access the different elements to achieve a single form. In order to achieve access to the different elements of the framework of multi-form, you must use the window object Frames property. Frames property is also an array, he focused on the parent frame for each sub-frame is provided with one.网站设计与制作摘要论文将对个人网页设计与制作的方法、工具等展开研究和探讨。
网站设计英文参考文献(专业推荐112个)
网站是各大领域对自己得主要理念以及产品等进行宣传得一个主要场地,做好网站页面表现层得结构设计对于网络安全性得维护十分重要,因此也得到了各个领域得广泛重视。
下面是为大家带来得网站设计英文参考文献得介绍，以供学习借鉴。
网站设计英文参考文献一：---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------感谢使用本套资料，希望本套资料能带给您一些思维上的灵感和帮助，个人建议您可根据实际情况对内容做适当修改和调整，以符合您自己的风格，不太建议完全照抄照搬哦。
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[1]. Engineering; New Engineering Study Results from Department of Information Technology Described (Evaluating Performance of Web Application Security Through a Fuzzy Based Hybrid Multi-criteria Decision-making Approach: Design TacticsPerspective)[J]. Computer Technology Journal,2020.[2]Jasleen Kaur,Asif Irshad Khan,Yoosef B Abushark,Md Mottahir Alam,Suhel Ahmad Khan,Alka Agrawal,Rajeev Kumar,Raees Ahmad Khan. Security Risk Assessment of Healthcare Web Application Through Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System: A Design Perspective[J]. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy,2020,2020(default).[3]Ji?í Kofránek,Tomá? Kulhánek,Marek Mateják,Filip Je?ek,Jan ?ilar,Arno?t Mládek,Jitka Feberov á. Schola Ludus for the 21st century: simulators in the Internet browser[J]. The FASEBJournal,2020,34(S1).[4]Timo Jakobi,Gunnar Stevens,Anna-Magdalena Seufert,Max Becker,Max von Grafenstein. Web Tracking Under the New Data Protection Law: Design Potentials at the Intersection of Jurisprudence and HCI[J]. i-com,2020,19(1).[5]?,?. ? ? ? – ? ? ? ? -[J]. ,2020,20(3).[6]. Engineering - Concurrent Engineering; Data from Shanghai University Advance Knowledge in Concurrent Engineering (E-maintenance Platform Design for Public Infrastructure Maintenance Based On Ifc Ontology and Semantic Web Services)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2020.[7]. Mobile Communications; Study Results from University of Malaga Provide New Insights into Mobile Communications (Design of a Web Based Underwater Acoustic Communication Testbed and Simulation Platform)[J]. Telecommunications Weekly,2020.[8]Trappey J.C. Amy,Chang Ai Che,Trappey V. Charles,Chen W.L. Luna. Web Mining Customer Perceptions to Define Product Positions and Design Preferences[J]. International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems (IJSWIS,2020,16(2).[9]Min Hu,Yunru Liu. E‐maintenance platform design for public infrastructure maintenance based on IFC ontology and Semantic Web services[J]. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience,2020,32(6).[10]Soumaya Rebai,Marouane Kessentini,Hanzhang Wang,Bruce Maxim. Web service design defects detection: A bi-level multi-objective approach[J]. Information and Software Technology,2020,121.[11]Kiemute Oyibo,Julita Vassileva. The Effect of Layout and Colour Temperature on the Perception of Tourism Websites for Mobile Devices[J]. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction,2020,4(1).[12]Black Steven P,Alvarado Gabriela. Global Health Education and Mediatization of Care in Costa Rica.[J]. Medical anthropology,2020.[13]. Science - Library Science; New Findings Reported from University of Tehran Describe Advancesin Library Science (Credibility evaluation of scientific information on websites: Designing and evaluating an exploratory model)[J]. Information Technology Newsweekly,2020.[14]Yu-Jin Kim. Tracking Dynamics between Digital Design Agencies and Clients of Hybrid Outsourcing in the Double Diamond Website Development Process[J]. Archives of Design Research,2020,33(1).[15]Muhammad Yousuf Irfan Zia,Pablo Otero,Atif Siddiqui,Javier Poncela. Design of a Web Based Underwater Acoustic Communication Testbed and Simulation Platform[J]. Wireless Personal Communications,2020(prepublish).[16]. Organizational and End User Computing; Study Findings on Organizational and End User Computing Are Outlined in Reports from HEC Montreal (The Nature and Role of User Beliefs Regarding a Website's Design Quality)[J]. Network WeeklyNews,2020.[17]. Internet and World Wide Web - Internet of Things; Findings in Internet of Things Reported from Soongsil University (Small Profits and Quick Returns: An Incentive Mechanism Design for Crowdsourcing Under Continuous Platform Competition)[J]. Information Technology Newsweekly,2020.[18]. Engineering; Researchers from Aalborg University Describe Findings in Engineering (Enterprise Architecture Oriented Requirements Engineering for the Design of a School Friendly Open Data Web Interface[J]. Journal of Engineering,2020.[19]Alba-María Martínez-Sala,Juan Monserrat-Gauchi,Dolores Alemany-Martínez. User Usable Experience: A three-dimensional approach onusability in tourism websites and a model for its evaluation[J]. Tourism ManagementPerspectives,2020,33.[20]Anwar Badawy Badawy Abu-Sena,Fathy Abdelmoniem Abdelfattah,Mohamed SalahSoliman,Mohamed Saied Refaee Saleh. An experimentally verified new approach for web crippling design of cold-formed steel Z-Sections[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2020,164.[21]Jin Lu,Zheng Yan,Liu Zekun,Li Jiashen,Zhai Heng,Chen Zhongda,Li Yi. Design of an Ultrasensitive Flexible Bend Sensor Using a Silver-Doped Oriented Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Nanofiber Web for Respiratory Monitoring.[J]. ACS applied materials & interfaces,2020,12(1).[22]Zhenzhen Nong,Sally Gainsbury. Website design features: Exploring how social cues presentin the online environment may impact risk taking[J]. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies,2020,2(1).[23]Tobias Pulls,Rasmus Dahlberg. Website Fingerprinting with Website Oracles[J]. Proceedingson Privacy Enhancing Technologies,2020,2020(1).[24]Henri Barki,Camille Grange. The Nature and Role of User Beliefs Regarding a Website's Design Quality[J]. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing (JOEUC),2020,32(1).[25]Bhim Sain Singla,Himanshu Aggarwal. A Set of Usability Heuristics and Design Recommendations for Higher Education Institutions' Websites[J]. International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design (IJISMD),2020,11(1).[26]Kenta Seki,Takayuki Kikuchi,Makoto Iwasaki. Tension Controller Design Considering Periodic Disturbance Suppression in Roll-to-Roll Web Handling Systems[J]. IEEJ Journal of IndustryApplications,2020,9(1).[27]Fei-Fei Cheng,Chin-Shan Wu,Bianca Leiner. The influence of user interface design on consumer perceptions: A cross-cultural comparison[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2019,101.[28]Anju Visen-Singh. Delivering a consistent user experience through our faculty sites: For our audiences and our internal web users[J]. Journal of Education Advancement & Marketing,2019,4(3).[29]Caroline Anne Young,Alexander Ian Wright. Benefits of a website designed to promote histopathology and support pathologists[J]. Diagnostic Histopathology,2019,25(12).[30]Peter Mundy. INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AUTISM RESEARCH NEWS President's Message – December 2019 Updates on Seattle 2020, New Web Design and App, Board Elections, Journal News and a Report from the Strategic Planning Meeting[J]. Autism Research,2019,12(12).[31]Nathaniel T. Voeller. The Digital Sensorium: Considering the Senses in Website Design[J]. Computers and Composition,2019,54.[32]Ahmad Samed Al-Adwan,Maher Ahmad Al-Horani. Boosting Customer E-Loyalty: An Extended Scale of Online Service Quality[J]. Information,2019,10(12).[33]Daniel Leung,Astrid Dickinger. How friendly destination websites are for mobiles? A study of destination marketing organizations in the Asia Pacific region[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,2019,24(12).[34]Aigul Mavletova,Kirill Gavrilov,Tatiana Tholmogorova. Gamifying a web survey among adolescents: effects on understanding of risk, risk calculation, and ratio-bias[J]. Journal of Risk Research,2019,22(12).[35]Hoffman Aubri S,Bateman Daniel R,Ganoe Craig,Punjasthitkul Sukdith,Das Amar K,Hoffman Derek B,Housten Ashley J,Peirce Hillary A,DreyerLarissa,Tang Chen,Bennett Alina,Bartels Stephen J. Development and Field Testing of a Long-Term CareDecision Aid Website for Older Adults: Engaging Patients and Caregivers in User-Centered Design.[J]. The Gerontologist,2019.[36]Dianat Iman,Adeli Pari,Asgari Jafarabadi Mohammad,Karimi Mohammad Ali. User-centred web design, usability and user satisfaction: The case of online banking websites in Iran.[J]. Applied ergonomics,2019,81.[37]. Listening to the patients: using participatory design in the development of a cardiac telerehabilitation web portal[J]. mHealth,2019,5.网站设计英文参考文献二：[38]. Design and Implementation of Web Cr awler utilizing Unstructur ed data[J]. Journal of Korea Multimedia Society,2019,22(3).[39]. Usability of Health Information Websites Designed for Adolescents: Systematic Review,Neurodevelopmental Model, and Design Brief[J]. Journal of Medical Internet Research,2019,21(4).[40]Timothy Graham,Paul Henman. Affording choice: how website designs create and constrain‘choice’[J]. Information, Communication & Society,2019,22(13).[41]Iman Dianat,Pari Adeli,Mohammad Asgari Jafarabadi,Mohammad Ali Karimi. User-centred web design, usability and user satisfaction: The case of online banking websites in Iran[J]. Applied Ergonomics,2019,81.[42]Vanessa Gaffar,Oce Ridwanudin,Bambang Trinugraha,Ari Riswanto. The Influence of Website Navigational Design on Improving Tourism Performance: Empirical Studies on Sport Tourism Providers in Indonesia[J]. Research in World Economy,2019,10(3).[43]Iljoo Kim,Gautam Pant. Predicting web siteaudience demographics using content and designcues[J]. Information & Management,2019,56(5).[44]B. Janarthanan,L. Sundararajah,M. Mahendran,P. Keerthan,S. Gunalan. Web crippling behaviour and design of cold-formed steelsections[J]. Thin-Walled Structures,2019,140.[45]Alexandra Hamlett,Helen Georgas. In the Wake of Discovery: Student Perceptions, Integration, and Instructional Design[J]. Journal of Web Librarianship,2019,13(3).[46]James Miller. The Design Cycle and a Mixed Methods Approach for Improving Usability: A Case Study[J]. Journal of Web Librarianship,2019,13(3).[47]Shan Jinwen,Ji Changge. MolOpt: A web server for drug design using bioisosterictransformation.[J]. Current computer-aided drug design,2019.[48]A Tekerek,O F Bay. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED WEB APPLICATION FIREWALL MODEL[J]. Neural Network World,2019,29(4).[50]Jun Liu,Zhinan Zhang,Richard Evans,Youbai Xie. Web services-based knowledge sharing, reuse and integration in the design evaluation of mechanical systems[J]. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2019,57.[51]Vo Mai K,Sharp Jonathan C. Design, Development, and Content Creation for an Open Education Physics Website for MRT Education.[J]. Journal of medical imaging and radiationsciences,2019,50(2).[52]. General Assembly Inc.; Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Computer-Based System For Scoring Web Site Implementations Against Design Specifications", for Approval (USPTO20190164449)[J]. Computers, Networks & Communications,2019.[53]Robin Pearce,Xiaoqiang Huang,Dani Setiawan,Yang Zhang. EvoDesign: Designing Protein–Protein Binding Interactions Using Evolutionary Interface Profiles in Conjunction with an Optimized Physical Energy Function[J]. Journal of Molecular Biology,2019,431(13).[54]T S Raghavendra,K G Mohan. Web Mining and Minimization Framework Design on Sentimental Analysis for Social Tweets Using MachineLearning[J]. Procedia Computer Science,2019,152.[55]Fasola P. Abifarin,Shaka ApodogheImavah,Ayodele S. Olobashola. Design effectiveness of academic library web sites[J]. The Electronic Library,2019,37(3).[56]. Web design[J]. South African Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Review,2019,46(6).[57]Abdallah Namoun,Ahmad B. Alkhodre. TowardsUsability Guidelines for the Design of Effective Arabic Websites[J]. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA),2019,10.[58]Gael Pérez-Rodríguez,Martín Pérez-Pérez,Florentino Fdez-Riverola,Anália Louren?o. Online visibility of software-related web sites: The case of biomedical text mining tools[J]. Information Processing and Management,2019,56(3).[59]Terry Redding. New Design for the NAPA Website[J]. Anthropology News,2019,60(3).[60]S Firdaus,A D Sari,M R Suryoputro,A U Khasanah. Usability Testing of Laboratory Website using a Participatory Design Approach[J]. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,2019,528(1).[61]Fasola P Abifarin,Shaka ApodogheImavah,Ayodele S Olobashola. Design effectiveness ofacademic library web sites[J]. The Electronic Library,2019,37(3).[62]Pletscher-Frankild Sune,Jensen Lars Juhl. Design, implementation, and operation of a rapid, robust named entity recognition web service.[J]. Journal of cheminformatics,2019,11(1).[63]Olinda Santin,Theresa McShane,Peter Hudson,Gillian Prue. Using a six‐step co‐design model to develop and test a peer‐led web‐based resource (PLWR) to support informal carers of cancer patients[J]. Psycho‐Oncology,2019,28(3).[64]Alyssa M. Valenti. Usability testing for a community college library website[J]. Library Hi Tech News,2019,36(1).[65]Fatharani Arinalhaq,Ari Widyanti. The Role of National Culture on the Design and Usability of E-Commerce Websites: An Indonesian Case[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series,2019,1175(1).[66]Anonymous. Omegasonics Launches Newly Designed Website[J]. Products Finishing,2019,83(6).[67]Lazard,Byron,Vu,Peters,Schmidt,Brewer. Website Designs for Communicating About Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke[J]. Health Communication,2019,34(3).[68]. Internet and World Wide Web - Internet Technology; Researchers from University of Malaya Report Findings in Internet Technology (5g Technologies: a New Network Architectures and Design)[J]. Computers, Networks &Communications,2019.[69]Jeremiah Still,Mary Still. Influence of Visual Salience on Webpage Product Searches[J]. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP),2019,16(1).[70]Frances Corry. Dot-Com Design: The Rise of a Usable, Social, Commercial Web by Megan Sapnar Ankerson (review)[J]. Technology andCulture,2019,60(1).[71]Tiago do Carmo Nogueira,Deller James Ferreira,Sérgio Teixeira de Carvalho,Luciana de Oliveira Berretta,Mycke R. Guntijo. Comparing sighted and blind users task performance in responsive and non-responsive web design[J]. Springer London,2019,58(2).[72]Patrice Calegari,Marc Levrier,Pawe? Balczyński. Web Portals for High-performance Computing[J]. ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB),2019,13(1).网站设计英文参考文献三：[73]Jaros?aw Jankowski,Juho Hamari,Jaros?aw W?tr óbski. A gradual approach for maximising user conversion without compromising experience with high visual intensity website elements[J]. Internet Research,2019,29(1).[74]Emel Kuruo?lu Kandemir,Hilmi Ba?.Development and Implementation of a Tool for Website Usability Measurement[J]. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports,2019.[75]Taufiq Agung Cahyono,Tony Dwi Susanto. Acceptance Factors and User Design of Mobile e-Government Website (Study Case e-Government Website in Indonesia)[J]. Procedia ComputerScience,2019,161.[76]Pradita Maulidya Effendi,Tony Dwi Susanto. Test of Citizens’ Physical and Cognitive on Indonesian E-Government Website Design[J]. Procedia Computer Science,2019,161.[77]Alex Sundt,Teagan Eastman. Informing Website Navigation Design with Team-Based Card Sorting[J]. Journal of Web Librarianship,2019,13(1).[78]Lauren E. Robinson,Jessica Petrey. An Exploration of a Website Design Process and Results of a Usability Study[J]. Medical Reference ServicesQuarterly,2019,38(1).[79]Sakineh Saghaeiannejad-Isfahani,Rohollah Abumasoudi,Nazila Esmaeli,Taherh Saberi,Narges Mahmodi. Evaluation of the website of public hospitals in Isfahan with the WebMedQual approach in 2018[J]. Journal of Education and Health Promotion,2019,8(1).[80]Osama Sohaib,Kyeong Kang,Mohammad Nurunnabi. Gender-Based iTrust in E-Commerce: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Innovativeness[J].Sustainability,2018,11(1).[81]?,?. ? ? ?: ? ? ? ? ?[J]. ,2018,24(4).[82]Trinidad Domínguez Vila,Elisa Alén González,Simon Darcy. Website accessibility in the tourism industry: an analysis of official national tourism organization websites around the world[J]. Disability and Rehabilitation,2018,40(24).[83]Antonina Dattolo,Flaminia Luccio,Chiara De March,Eleonora De Riu. Designing Tourism Websites for Children: Guidelines and ExperimentalResults[J]. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Serious Games,2018,5(16).[84]Eduardo Parra-Lopez,José Alberto Martínez-González,Angel Chinea-Martin. Drivers of the formation of e-loyalty towards tourismdestinations[J]. European Journal of Management and Business Economics,2018,27(1).[85]. Designing a Medical Tourism Website: A Qualitative Study[J]. Iranian Journal of Public Health,2017,46(2).[86]Sai Liang,Zili Zhang,Ziqiong Zhang,Rob Law,Wenjun Sun. Consumer motivation in providing high-quality information: building toward a novel design for travel guide websites[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,2017,22(6).[87]Samadbeik Mahnaz,Asadi Heshmatollah,Mohseni Mohammad,Takbiri Afsaneh,Moosavi Ahmad,Garavand Ali. Designing a Medical Tourism Website: A Qualitative Study.[J]. Iranian journal of publichealth,2017,46(2).[88]Samadbeik Mahnaz,Asadi Heshmatollah,Mohseni Mohammad,Takbiri Afsaneh,Moosavi Ahmad,Garavand Ali. Designing a Medical Tourism Website: A Qualitative Study.[J]. Iranian journal of publichealth,2017,46(2).[89]Bonnie Farber Canziani,Dianne H.B. Welsh. Website quality for SME wineries: measurement insights[J]. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology,2016,7(3).[90]Jun-Jie Hew, Voon-Hsien Lee, Lai-Ying Leong, Teck-Soon Hew, Keng-Boon Ooi. The dawning of mobile tourism: what contributes to its system success?[J]. Int. J. of Mobile Communications,2016,14(2).[91]Paolo Mura,Saeed Pahlevan Sharif. Exploring rural tourism and sustainability in Southeast Asia through the lenses of official tourism websites[J]. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,2015,7(5).[92]Charles Ruel Novabos,Aura Matias,Miguela Mena. How Good is this Destination Website: A User-centered Evaluation of Provincial TourismWebsites[J]. Procedia Manufacturing,2015,3.[93]Juho Pesonen,Raija Komppula,Annina Riihinen. Typology of senior travellers as users of tourism information technology[J]. Information Technology & Tourism,2015,15(3).[94]Tigre Moura Francisco,Gnoth Juergen,Deans Kenneth R.. Localizing Cultural Values on Tourism Destination Websites[J]. Journal of Travel Research,2015,54(4).[95]Francisco Tigre Moura,Juergen Gnoth,KennethR. Deans. Localizing Cultural Values on Tourism Destination Websites[J]. Journal of Travel Research,2015,54(4).[96]Francisco Tigre Moura,Juergen Gnoth,Kenneth R. Deans. Localizing Cultural Values on Tourism Destination Websites[J]. Journal of Travel Research,2015,54(4).[97]?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?. ? ? ? ? [J]. ? ?,2014.[98]Rong Yu. Design and Realization of the Personalized Data in Tourism Business Website[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014,3207.[99]Zacharoula Andreopoulou, Georgios Tsekouropoulos, Christiana Koliouska, Theodoros Koutroumanidis. Internet marketing for sustainable development and rural tourism[J]. Int. J. of Business Information Systems,2014,16(4).[100]Jin Sheng Lu,Jun Jun Shen,Zhong Liang Yang.Study of Point to Point Self-Service Travel Site Iterative Interaction Design Based on User Experience[J]. Applied Mechanics andMaterials,2013,2700.[101]Francisco Mu?oz-Leiva,Janet Hernández-Méndez,Juan Sánchez-Fernández. Generalising user behaviour in online travel sites through the Travel 2.0 website acceptance model[J]. Online Information Review,2012,36(6).[102]Xiaoning Zhu, Jiaqin Yang, Mike Whitfield. E-government application in promoting local tourism in China: an empirical study[J]. Int. J. of Electronic Finance,2012,6(1).[103]Ivan Wen. An Empirical Study of an Online Travel Purchase Intention Model[J]. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,2012,29(1).[104]Marianna Sigala. Evaluating Website Design and Structure in Tourism: Dimensions, Stakeholdersand Marketing Issues[J]. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management,2011,20(7).[105]Antonios A. Giannopoulos,Eleni P. Mavragani. Traveling Through the Web: A First Step Toward a Comparative Analysis of European National Tourism Websites[J]. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management,2011,20(7).[106]Arpita Khare, Saumya Dixit, Ruchi Chaudhary. Determinants of Indian customers' preference for online travel services[J]. Int. J. of Leisure and Tourism Marketing,2011,2(1).[107]Charletta F. Gutierrez. Quality, accessibility and destination marketing: the case of US states' tourism websites[J]. Int. J. of Intercultural Information Management,2010,2(1).[108]Adrian Devine, Peter Bolan, Frances Devine. Online destination marketing: maximising the tourism potential of a sports event[J]. Int. J. of SportManagement and Marketing,2010,7(1/2).[109]Shanshan Qi,Rob Law,Dimitrios Buhalis. Usability of Chinese Destination Management Organization Websites[J]. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,2008,25(2).[110]Rob Law,Billy Bai. How do the preferences of online buyers and browsers differ on the design and content of travel websites?[J]. International Journal of Contemporary HospitalityManagement,2008,20(4).[111]Craig Saper. as a model of virtual tourism[J]. Int. J. of Digital Culture and Electronic Tourism,2008,1(2/3).[112]Despo Ktoridou, E.N. Roussakis. Website development as a means of communication: a case study for the Kolossi Grand Hotel, Cyprus[J]. J. for Global Business Advancement,2008,1(4).以上就是关于网站设计英文参考文献得分享，希望看后对你有所启发。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
网页设计与制作外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)翻译：网页设计与制作摘要论文将对个人网页设计与制作的方法、工具等展开研究和探讨。
在介绍网页设计与制作语言的基础上，着重使用JavaScript作为工具语言进行网页设计与制作的实际操作，分别对基于对象的JavaScript语言、内部对象系统的使用及WEB页面信息交互——窗口和框架进行详细描述，并利用具体的实例进行验证。
1.前言随着21世纪的到来，人们更深切地感受到计算机在生活和工作中的作用越来越重要，越来越来的职业需要具有计算机的应用技能。
掌握计算机是职业的需要，更是事业发展的需要。
网页设计与制作是计算机能力的具体表现，本章主要介绍网页设计的相关知识。
1.1 网页设计概述网站是企业向用户和网民提供信息(包括产品和服务)的一种方式,是企业开展电子商务的基础设施和信息平台，离开网站（或者只是利用第三方网站）去谈电子商务是不可能的。
企业的网址被称为“网络商标”，也是企业无形资产的组成部分，而网站是INTERNET 上宣传和反映企业形象和文化的重要窗口。
1.2 网页设计的要素网页设计的两大要素是：整体风格和色彩搭配。
一、确定网站的整体风格第二章HTML网页设计技术的应用2.1 HTML语言介绍HTML（HyperText Mark-up Language）即超文本标记语言或超文本链接标示语言，是目前网络上应用最为广泛的语言，也是构成网页文档的主要语言。
HTML文本是由HTML命令组成的描述性文本，HTML命令可以说明文字、图形、动画、声音、表格、链接等。
HTML的结构包括头部（Head）、主体（Body）两大部分，其中头部描述浏览器所需的信息，而主体则包含所要说明的具体内容。
2.1.1 HTML语言的特点HTML文档制作不是很复杂，且功能强大，支持不同数据格式的文件镶入，这也是WWW盛行的原因之一，HTML语言的特点如下：1、简易性，HTML版本升级采用超集方式，从而更加灵活方便。
2、可扩展性，HTML语言的广泛应用带来了加强功能，增加标识符等要求，HTML采取子类元素的方式，为系统扩展带来保证。
3、平台无关性。
虽然PC机大行其道，但使用MAC等其他机器的大有人在，HTML可以使用在广泛的平台上，这也是WWW盛行的另一个原因。
2.1.2 HTML语言的编辑软件HTML的本质是文本，需要浏览器的解释，HTML的编辑器大体可以分为三种：1、基本编辑软件，使用WINDOWS自带的记事本或写字版都可以编写，当然，如果你用WPS来编写，也可以。
不过存盘时请使用.htm或.html作为扩展名，这样浏览器就可以解释执行了。
2、半所见即所得软件，这种软件能大大提高开发效率，它可以使你在很短的时间内做出Homepage，且可以学习HTML，这种类型的软件主要有HOTDOG，还有国产的软件网页作坊。
3、所见即所得软件，使用最广泛的编辑器，完全可以一点不懂HTML的知识就可以做出网页。
第二章HTML网页设计技术的应用2.2.3 JavaScript技术在网页设计中应用一、JavaScript概述JavaScript是一种基于对象(Object)和事件驱动(Event Driven)并具有安全性能的脚本语言。
使用它的目的是与HTML超文本标记语言、Java 脚本语言（Java小程序）一起实现在一个Web页面中链接多个对象，与Web客户交互作用。
从而可以开发客户端的应用程序等。
它是通过嵌入或调入在标准的HTML语言中实现的。
它的出现弥补了HTML 语言的缺陷，它是Java与HTML折衷的选择，具有以下几个基本特点：1、是一种脚本编写语言JavaScript是一种脚本语言，它采用小程序段的方式实现编程。
像其它脚本语言一样,JavaScript同样已是一种解释性语言,它提供了一个易的开发过程。
它的基本结构形式与C、C++、VB、Delphi十分类似。
但它不像这些语言一样，需要先编译，而是在程序运行过程中被逐行地解释。
它与HTML标识结合在一起，从而方便用户的使用操作。
2、基于对象的语言。
JavaScript是一种基于对象的语言，同时以可以看作一种面向对象的。
这意味着它能运用自己已经创建的对象。
因此，许多功能可以来自于脚本环境中对象的方法与脚本的相互作用。
3、简单性JavaScript的简单性主要体现在：首先它是一种基于Java基本语句和控制流之上的简单而紧凑的设计, 从而对于学习Java是一种非常好的过渡。
其次它的变量类型是采用弱类型，并未使用严格的数据类型。
4、安全性JavaScript是一种安全性语言，它不允许访问本地的硬盘，并不能将数据存入到服务器上，不允许对网络文档进行修改和删除，只能通过浏览器实现信息浏览或动态交互。
从而有效地防止数据的丢失。
5、动态性的JavaScript是动态的，它可以直接对用户或客户输入做出响应，无须经过Web服务程序。
它对用户的反映响应，是采用以事件驱动的方式进行的。
所谓事件驱动，就是指在主页(Home Page)中执行了某种操作所产生的动作，就称为“事件”(Event)。
比如按下鼠标、移动窗口、选择菜单等都可以视为事件。
当事件发生后，可能会引起相应的事件响应。
6、跨平台性JavaScript是依赖于浏览器本身，与操作环境无关，只要能运行浏览器的计算机，并支持JavaScript的浏览器就可正确执行。
从而实现了“编写一次,走遍天下”的梦想。
实际上JavaScript最杰出之处在于可以用很小的程序做大量的事。
无须有高性能的电脑，软件仅需一个字处理软件及一浏览器，无须WEB服务器通道，通过自己的电脑即可完成所有的事情。
总之，JavaScript 是一种新的描述语言，它可以被箝入到HTML 的文件之中。
JavaScript语言可以做到回应使用者的需求事件(如：form的输入) ，而不用任何的网路来回传输资料，所以当一位使用者输入一项资料时，它不用经过传给伺服端(server)处理，再传回来的过程，而直接可以被客户端(client) 的应用程式所处理。
第三章WEB页面信息的交互——窗体与框架要实现网页的动态交互，必须掌握有关窗体对象（Form）和框架对象（Frames）更为复杂的知识。
3.1窗体基础知识窗体对象可以使设计人员能用窗体中不同的元素与客户机用户相交互，而用不着在之前首先进行数据输入，就可以实现动态改变Web文档的行为。
3.1.1窗体对象窗体（Form）：它构成了Web页面的基本元素。
通常一个Web页面有一个窗体或几个窗体，使用Forms[]数组来实现不同窗体的访问。
3.1.2 窗体对象的方法窗体对象的方法只有一个--submit()方法，该方法主要功用就是实现窗体信息的提交。
3.1.3 窗体对象的属性窗体对象中的属性主要包括以下：elements name action target encoding method。
除Elements外，其它几个均反映了窗体中标识中相应属性的状态，这通常是单个窗体标识；而elements常常是多个窗体元素值的数组。
3.1.4 访问窗体对象在JavaScript中访问窗体对象可由两种方法实现：（1）通过访问窗体在窗体对象的属性中首先必须指定其窗体名，而后就可以通过下列标识访问窗体如：document.Mytable()。
（2）通过数组来访问窗体除了使用窗体名来访问窗体外，还可以使用窗体对象数组来访问窗体对象。
但需要注意一点，因窗体对象是由浏览器环境的提供的，而浏览器环境所提供的数组下标是由0到n。
3.1.5 引用窗体的先决条件在JavaScript中要对窗体引用的条件是：必须先在页面中用标识创建窗体，并将定义窗体部分放在引用之前。
3.2 窗体中的基本元素窗体中的基本元素由按钮、单选按钮、复选按钮、提交按钮、重置按钮、文本框等组成。
在JavaScript中要访问这些基本元素，必须通过对应特定的窗体元素的数组下标或窗体元素名来实现。
每一个元素主要是通过该元素的属性或方法来引用。
3.3框架框架Frames最主要功用是"分割"视窗，使每个"小视窗"能显示不同的HTM L文件，不同框架之间可以互动(interact)，这就是说不同框架之间可以交换讯息与资料。
例如:假设您开了两个frames，第一个frame可显示书的目录，第二个frame则显示章节的具体内容。
框架可以将屏幕分割成不同的区域，每个区域有自己的URL，通过Frames[]数组对象来实现不同框架的访问。
实际上框架对象本身也一类窗口，它继承了窗口对象的所有特征，并拥有所有的属性和方法。
利用框架的例子具体说明3.4 框架的访问在前面我们介绍过使用document.forms[]实现单一窗体中不同元素的访问。
而要实现框架中多窗体的不同元素的访问，则必须使用window对象中的Frames属性。
Frames属性同样也是一个数组，他在父框架集中为每一个子框架设有一项。
3.5 本章小结本章主要介绍框架中的基本元素的主要功能和使用，利用JavaScript脚本可以非常方便、灵活地实现Web页面更为复杂的信息交互，这是HTML标识语言所不能具备的。
从中可以了解到JavaScript是Web涉及人员的良好工具。
原文：Web design and productionSummaryPapers will expand the personal web design and production methods, tools and other research and discussion. Based on the introduction of web design and production of language, the emphasis on using the JavaScript language as a tool for the actual operation of web design and production of, respectively, based on the object of the JavaScript language, the use of internal object system and WEB pages of information exchange - windows and frameworks Detailed description of the use of specific examples and verified.1. IntroductionWith the advent of the 21st century, people are more and more important to feel the life and work of the computer's role in the increasingly professional needs to have a computer application skills deeply. Is required to master the computer profession, but also career development needs. Web design and production is a concrete manifestation of the ability of a computer, this chapter introduces the relevant knowledge of web design.1.1 Web Design OverviewWebsite is a way businesses and users to provide information (including products and services) to the user, is the enterprise e-commerce infrastructure and information platform, leave the site (or just use a third-party site) is not possible to talk about e-commerce . Corporate web site called "network brand", also part of intangible assets, and the site is an important window of publicity and reflect the corporate image and culture on the INTERNET.Web Design Elements 1.2Two elements of web design are: overall style and color matching. First, determine the overall style of the siteApplication chapter HTML web design technology2.1 HTML language descriptionHTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) ie, HTML, or Hypertext Markup Language, is currently the most widely used language network, but also constitute the primary language of the document pages.HTML text is composed by HTML commands descriptive text, HTML commands can explain text, graphics, animation, sound, tables, links, and so on. HTML structure includes a head (Head), the specific content of the body (Body) into two parts, of which the head of the description of the browser you want, and the body contains the desired note.Features 2.1.1 HTML languageHTML document production is not very complex and powerful, supporting different data file formats insert, which is one of the reasons for the prevalence of WWW, HTML language characteristics are as follows:1, simplicity, HTML version upgrade using a superset of the way, which is more flexible and convenient.2, scalability, widely used in HTML language brings to strengthen capabilities and increase identifiers and other requirements, HTML elements take the form of a subclass, bring assurance system expansion.3, platform independence. While the PC is popular, but the use of MAC and other machines out there, HTML can be used on a wide range of platforms, and this is another reason for the prevalence of WWW.2.1.2 HTML language editing softwareHTML is the essence of the text, you need to explain your browser, HTML editor can be roughly divided into three types: 1, the basic editing software, using WINDOWS notepad or write version can be written, of course, if you use WPS to write, you can. However, please use .htm or .html as the extension, so the browser can interpret save when executed.2, semi-WYSIWYG software, which can greatly improve development efficiency, it can make you make a Homepage in a very short period of time, and you can learn HTML, this type of software has HOTDOG, as well as domestic Software web workshop.3, WYSIWYG software, the most widely used editor, can understand a little HTML knowledge can make pages.Application chapter HTML web design technology2.2.3 JavaScript technology in web designOne, JavaScript OverviewJavaScript is an object-based (Object) and event-driven (Event Driven) and safety performance have scripting language. Its purpose is to use HTML and HTML, Java scripting language (Java applet) link together to achieve multiple objects in a Web page, the Web client interactions. Which can develop client applications. It is by embedding or transferred in standard HTML language implemented. It appears to make up for the shortcomings of HTML language, which is a compromise choice for Java and HTML, has the following basic characteristics:1, is a scripting languageJavaScript is a scripting language, which uses a small way to block implementation of programming. Like other scripting languages, JavaScript is an interpreted language is also, it provides an easy development process.Its basic structure with C, C ++, VB, Delphi is very similar. But it is not like these languages, you need to compile, but is interpreted line by line in the program is running. It is combined with HTML markup, so as to facilitate the user's operation.2, object-based language.JavaScript is an object-based language, but to be seen as an object-oriented. This means that it can use objects that they have created. Therefore, many functions can be derived from the interaction of methods and scripts scripting environment object.3. SimplicitySimplicity is mainly reflected in JavaScript: First, it is a Java basic statements and control flow above the simple and compact design based on order for Java is a very good transition study. Secondly, it is the use of weakly typed variable type, did not use strict data types.4, securityJavaScript is a safe language, it does not allow access to the local hard disk, data can not be stored on the server, the network is not allowed to modify and delete documents, can only be achieved through a dynamic interactive information browsing or browser. Thus effectively prevent the loss of data.5, the dynamic nature ofJavaScript is dynamic, it can respond directly to the user or customer input, without going through the Web service program. It reflects the user's response, is the use of event-driven manner. The so-called event-driven, meaning the implementation of certain actions arising from the action on the home page (Home Page), and is called the "event" (Event). For example, pressing the mouse button, move the window, select the menu and so can be considered an event. When the event occurs, it may cause the appropriate incident response.6, cross-platformJavaScript is dependent on the browser itself, regardless of the operating environment, as long as the computer running the browser, and the browser supports JavaScript can be executed correctly. In order to achieve the "write once, everywhere" dream.In fact the most prominent place JavaScript program that can be used to do a lot of little things. No need to have a high-performance computers, software is only a word processing software and a browser without WEB server channels through their computer to complete everything.In short, JavaScript is a new description language, it can be among the clamp into the HTML file. JavaScript language can be done to respond to the needs of the user event (such as: form input) without any network transfer data back and forth, so that when auser enters a material, it does not pass through the servo end (server ) processing, and transmits it back to the process, and can be directly handled by the client (client) apps.Chapter III WEB page interaction information - Forms and FrameworkTo achieve a dynamic interactive web pages, you must master the form object (Form) and the frame object (Frames) more complex knowledge.3.1 Form BasicsForm object allows designers can form different elements interact with client users, and do not need to carry out before the first data entry, you can dynamically change the behavior of Web documents.3.1.1 Form objectForm (Form): It constitutes the basic element of a Web page. Usually a Web page has a form or several forms, using Forms [] array to achieve different forms of access. Methods 3.1.2 Form objectThe method of the form object is only one --submit () method, which main function is to achieve a form of information submitted.3.1.3 Form object propertiesForm object properties include the following: elements name action target encoding method. In addition Elements addition, several other forms of state are reflected in the corresponding attribute identifier, which is usually a form of individual identification; and the array elements are often more than one form element values.3.1.4 Access form objectAccess form object in JavaScript by two methods: (1) the form by visitingFirst, you must specify the name of the form in the property of a form object, and after you can access the form by following identifies as: document.Mytable ().(2) to access the form by the arrayIn addition to using the form name to access the form, you can also use the form to access the form object array of objects. But note that, due to the form object is toprovide a browser environment, and the array subscript browser environment provided is from 0 to n.3.1.5 references prerequisite formConditions in JavaScript want to form reference is: you must first create a form on the page to identify with, and forms part of the place before the reference definition.3.2 The basic elements of the formForm the basic elements of the buttons, radio buttons, check buttons, submit buttons, reset buttons, text boxes and other components.In JavaScript you want to access these basic elements must be achieved through a specific form elements corresponding array subscript or form element names. Each element is referenced by major property or method of the element.3.3 FrameworkFrame Frames main function is to "split" the window, so that each "small window" can show different HTM L files, interaction between different frameworks (interact), which means you can exchange messages and data between different frameworks. For example: Suppose you opened two frames, the first frame of the book catalog can be displayed, and the second frame displays specific content sections.Framework can be divided into different areas of the screen, each region has its own URL, through Frames [] array of objects to achieve access to different frameworks. Frame object itself is actually a class of window, it inherits all the characteristics of a window object, and has all the attributes and methods. Specific examples illustrate the use of the frameworkAccess Framework 3.4In front of us had to use document.forms [] to access the different elements to achieve a single form. In order to achieve access to the different elements of the framework of multi-form, you must use the window object Frames property. Frames property is also an array, he focused on the parent frame for each sub-frame is provided with one.`网页设计与制作外文翻译文献1。