2011年日语专八试题
2011年7月N2日语能力考试答案
2011年7月N2日语能力考试答案问题1?1?? 【答案】2?【解析】选项1：倒れる???????? 选项3：乱れる???????? 选项4：溃れる?2?? 【答案】33?? 【答案】1?【解析】选项2：祈った???????? 选项3：占った???????? 选项4：愿った?4?? 【答案】4?【解析】选项2：调整?5?? 【答案】3问题2?6?? 【答案】3?7?? 【答案】2?【解析】选项1：けわしい???????? 选项3：あばれる???????? 选项4：きわめる?8?? 【答案】1?9?? 【答案】4?【解析】选项1：まねく（まねいた）???????? 选项2：すすめる（すすめた）???????? 选项3：うけ?10? 【答案】2?【解析】选项3：へんかん问题3?11? 【答案】1?12? 【答案】2?13? 【答案】1?14? 【答案】4?15? 【答案】2问题4?16? 【答案】417? 【答案】4?【解析】“在街上闲逛，遇到了山本。
”???????? 选项4：无所事事、闲逛、溜达、散步???????? 选项1：水等烧煮滚开的样子或摇摇晃晃???????? 选项2：物体碰撞、坍塌的声音（样子）、空空荡荡???????? 选项3：粒状物持续落下的样子、许多东西杂乱地接连出现，凌乱、散乱??????????????????????????18? 【答案】1?【解析】词组“充满活力”???????? 选项1：活力???????? 选项2：活泼???????? 选项3：活跃、大显身手???????? 选项4：活动?19? 【答案】2?【解析】“复印机中塞满了纸，出不来。
”???????? 选项2：诘まる堵塞不通、塞满；窘迫???????? 选项1：潜る潜入、混入人群、私自做???????? 选项3：沈む下沉、沉没、消沉???????? 选项4：埋まる? 埋上、填满、填补亏空?20? 【答案】121? 【答案】1???? 【解析】“田中很长的一段时间心不在焉地看着窗外。
2011年职称日语真题及答案解析
2011年职称日语A级真题学易网校整理 第1部分: 短句（第1～30题，每题2分，共60分）１１もう12時だから、まずお昼を食べて、（）仕事をしましょう。
A それでC それにB それならD それから２２次回の学術会議は北京（）上海で開きます。
A たとえばC それにB あるいはD そして3 彼は外国に行ったことはありません。
（）外国のことをよく知っています。
A それでもC それではB ところでD ですから4 鈴木さんはハンサムで（）才能もあるので、会社で人気があります。
A しかしC そのうえB それでもD そのため5 インターネットの（）いろいろな情報が手に入りやすくなった。
AわけでC ためでB おかげでD せいでは6 結果はともかく、自分としてはベストを尽くした（）です。
A ためC せいB つもりD かぎり7 日本語を習い出してまだ一ヶ月だけだから、能力試験には（）もない。
A うかるそうC うかりそうB うかるようD うかりよう8 同時通訳になる（）相当努力をしなければならない。
A にはC ではB へはD とは9 目上の人（）そういう言葉づかいをするのはちょっと失礼です。
A にとってC についてB にたいしてD によって10 紙は（）多くないから、節約しましょう。
A それこそB それからC それしかD それほど11 高いものが必ずしも質がいいとは（）。
A すぎない C たりないB しかたがないD かぎらない12 赤道に近付けば近づく（）、気温が高くなる。
A たびC だけB ほどD もの13 日本語は（）よりもずっと難しい。
A 思ったC 思いB 思う D 思える14 そうですか。
（）だめでしたか。
A やはりC やっとB さすがD まさに15 だれかが後ろにいる（）、振り返って見たら犬でした。
A 気がついてC 気をつけてB 気がして D 気をして16 お客さんが来るからビールをたくさん買って（）くださいね。
2011年4月高等教育自学考试第二外语(日语)试题及答案
2011年4月自考第二外语（日语）试题及答案（课程代码00840）答题说明：本试卷分试卷和答题纸两部分，考生用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔在答题纸上作答，将答案写在试卷上无效。
一、给下列句中划有横线的词语注上平假名，写出划线词语的日语汉字（2×10=20分）1. 暑いですから、冷たい飲み物がほしいです。
2. 先生のしつもんによく答えられませんでした。
3. あすからもっとはやく来い。
4. きのうバスでさいふを盗まれました。
5. よく頑張ったので、せいこうしました。
6. ここは静かでいいですが町から遠くてふべんです。
7. ほんとうにきもちのいい朝です。
8. かれは頭もいいし、体も丈夫です。
9. この橋はずいぶん古くて、危なそうです。
10. 涼しい風がそよそよ吹いています。
二、在下列句子（）填入适当的助词，每空仅限填入一个假名。
（2×10=20分）１．田中さんの会社はにぎやかな町（）あります。
２．細い道な（）（）くるまがたくさん通っています。
３．駅の売店（）週刊誌を買いました。
４．おさら（）床に落として、割ってしまいました。
５．スケールは、氷の上（）滑るスポーツです。
６．くるまは駐車場（）止めなければなりません。
７．西湖は景色がいいから、いつも観光客（）いっぱいです。
８．いっしょに散歩（）（）しましょうか。
９．いもうとはにぎやかな音楽（）きらいです。
１０．雨が止みました（）、風がまた吹いています。
１１．あした（）（）（）全部覚えてくださいね。
１２．あの街角（）まがると病院があります。
１３．この店はまだ準備中ですから、ほか（）行きましょう。
１４．空港へ先輩を迎え（）いきます。
１５．おとうとは、将来医者になりたい（）思っています。
１６．あの夫婦の趣味は読書（）水泳だそうです。
１７．日本で四月（）（）大学が始まります。
１８．心配や不安（）どうにも落ち着いていられなくなります。
１９．お金は家においておく（）あぶないですよ。
2011年专八真题 部分解析
听力TIPS：(1) 根据原文中一句“A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance.”可知答案。
(2) 根据原文“What this means is that in a high-context culture, more attention is paid to what's happening in and around the message than to the message itself.”可知答案。
(3) 根据原文“Generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because this greater dependency on group thinking, people lean towards heavier sense of involvement or closene ss to people.”可得出答案。
(4) 根据原文“And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language.”可得出答案。
(5) 根据原文“People in high-context cultures, are considered to have, what is called a poly-chronic attitude toward time.”可得出答案。
(6) 根据原文“A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event or the action is a separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context.”可得出答案。
N1,专八所有敬语真题整理
13、このたび代表としてご國際会議に（ ）い ただくことになりました。（1997年） １ いかれて ２ いかせて ３ いかされて ４ いかせられて 答案2 翻译“这次决定有我作为代表参加国际会
议”
14、いかがですか。こちらのお着物はお気に （ ）でしょうか。 １ なされた ２ なられた ３ 召された ４ 存じた 答案3 召される，する的敬语，构成固定搭 配，表满意
15「ご注文の品物ができあがりましたので、今度 の日曜日にお届けに（ ）よろしいでしょう か。」 「ええ、お願いします。」 １ あがっても ２ おいでになっても ３ みえても ４ うけたまわっても 答案1 あがる是自谦动词，表“登府，去（您 家）、、、”；选项2和选项3表“您去（来）、、、”； 选项4表“恭听”，自谦语
NI历年真题训练
以下题目为我整理的 1995~2011年N1能力考试真 题所涉及的所有与敬语有关 的文法题，はじめましょうか。
１、（電話で） 山中； 「あ、木村先生でいらっしゃいますか。AB出 版の山中でございますが、いまから原稿をいただきに上 がってもよろしいでしょうか。」 木村； 「すみません。まだできていないんです。あ と３日（ ）。」 (２０１１年） １ 待っておいでになります ２ お待ち申し上げております ３ 待たせていただくことにしましょうか ４ 待っていただくわけにはいきませんか
答案3 让对方允许己方做什么。翻译为“你认识能 给我们画海报的人么，下个月内部要召开管弦乐音 乐会。那能让我弟弟画吗，他是美术学校的。”
11、今日の午後はちょっと早めに（ ）いただ きたいのですが。（1998） １ 帰られて ２ 帰らせて ３ 帰されて ４ 帰らされて 答案2 谦让语，让对方允许自己做某事 12、みなさん、わざわざお出迎え（ ）、あり がとうございます。 １ られて ２ されて ３ いたされ ４ くださり 答案４ 翻译为“大家特意来接我，非常感谢”
浙江工商大学_日语翻译基础2011年_考研专业课真题试卷
問題二.次の語句を中国語に訳しなさい。（１点×15＝15点） １．テレビドラマ
第1页共4页
２．携帯電話 ３．仲介 ４．手数料 ５．年金 ６．万博 ７．大学に受かった ８．野球選手 ９．介護 10．ミーティング 11．グローバル化 12．ヒマラヤ山 13．団体ツアー 14．IＭＦ 15．友有り遠方より来たる、また楽しからずや
球表面进行了探测。到目前为止探测的结果，已确认月球北极和南极附近有大量的氢，月球地
表附近存在冰的可能性极大。为此，美国航空和航天局在当地时间31号凌晨进行了使“月球勘
第2页共4页
探者”与月球表面火山口相撞的试验。由于月球南极附近的火山口最底层见不到阳光，冰长久
不化的可能性很大。这次试验的目的是：用探测机与其相撞，使冰溶化，看它是否会发生水蒸 气。
自動改札機に使うカードは、東京ではイオカード、関西はJスルー、九州はワイワイカ ードというらしい。もちろん地域にしか通じないものだし、頻繁に列車に使用するものし か買わないから、その人だけ知っていればよいのかもしれないが、分割したとはいえ、同 じJR、何か共通した一目でそれとわかる名前をつけるべきである。たとえば「自動改札関 西」で十分ではないか。
問題三.次の文章を日本語に訳しなさい。（30点×2＝60点）
文章１ 从总体上说，加入WTO对各行各业的上市公司均会造成不同程度的冲击，结合上市公司
业绩不佳影响市场信心的现状，业内人士指出，在未来几年内，上市公司将有一个更为明显的
分化过程，市场竞争的“优胜劣汰”法则将发挥作用，只有经历了外国竞争者考验的上市公司，
浙江工商大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试卷（B）卷
招生专业：日语笔译
考试科目：359 日语翻译基础 总分：150分 考试时间：3小时
2011专八翻译真题
2011专八翻译真题参考答案（爱思网友版）现代社会充满了矛盾，从价值观的持有到生活方式的选择，而最让人感到尴尬的是，当面对重重矛盾，许多时候你却别无选择。
匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式，也可以说是两种生活态度，但在现实生活中，人们却在这两种生活方式与态度间频繁穿梭，有时也说不清自己到底是‘休闲着’还是‘匆忙着’。
譬如说，当我们正在旅游胜地享受假期，却忽然接到老板的电话，告知客户或工作方面出了麻烦---现代便捷先进的通讯工具在此刻显示出了它狰狞、阴郁的面容---搞得人一下子兴趣全无，接下来的休闲只能徒有其表，因为心里已是火烧火燎了。
Being hasty and at leisure are two quite distinct lifestyles. But in the real world, people have to frequently shuttle between these two lifestyles, sometimes not sure whether they are “at ease” or “in a rush”.For example, we are enjoying our holidays in the resort while suenly we receive phone calls from the boss who tells us there are some troubles with our customers and work----so at this moment the modern, convenient and advanced device shows its vicious and gloomy features---and we lose all our interest. The subsequent leisure is the mere showy for we are in a restless and anxious state of mind.（英译汉）When flying over Nepal, it's easy to soar in your imagination and pretend you're tiny-a butterfly - and drifting above one of those three-dimensional topographical maps architects use, the circling contour lines replaced by the terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge.Nepails a small country, and from the windows of our plane floating eastward at 12,000 feet, one can see clearly the brilliant white mirage of the high Himalayas thirty miles of the left window. Out the right window, the view is of three or four high terraced ridges giving sudden way to the plains of India beyond.Three were few roads visible below, mosttransportation in Nepal being by foot along ancient trails that connect and bind the country together. There is also a network of dirt airstrips, which was fortunate for me, as I had no time for the two-and-a-half week trek to my destination. I was no a flight to the local airport.飞机飞越尼泊尔上空时。
日语专业八级模拟试题
日语专业八级模拟试题（一）Ⅰ、聴解(1＊25＝25点)(略)Ⅱ、文字、語彙、文法一、次の文の下線をつけた言葉はどのようなものに当たるか、それぞれのA、B、C、D から一つ選んでください。
（１＊１０＝１０）11、申込書に返信用封筒をてんぷこと。
A天賦B点附 C 添付D転付12、君にはもうこうさんしたよ。
A公算B鉱産C降参D恒産13、この画は僕のしさくだ。
A思索B試作C施策D私作14、とんやから購入するのは値段安い。
A門屋B問屋C門店D問店15、外人観光客をゆうちする。
A優致B有畜C誘致D幼稚16、これは精巧な細工を施した花瓶だ。
AせいくBせいこうCさいくDさいこう17、いい布地があった。
AふちBぬのちCきじDぬのじ18、一審判判決を破棄する。
AはぎBはきCやぶきDばぎ19、母は人生の黄昏になった。
AこうこんBじぐれCたそがれDあけぼの20、時代に順応するAじゅんおんBじゅのうCじゅんのうDじゅのう二、次の文の（）に入れる言葉はどれか、それぞれのA、B、C D中から一番いいものを一つ選んで入れなさい。
（１＊10＝10）21、通信販売に人気が集まっている。
確かに便利なものであるとはいえ、実際に品物を見ないこと（）は、安心できそうもない。
AでBにCからDまで22、親に相談すれば、歓談に解決できた（）、どうして一人悩んでいたのだろう。
AようにBほどをCものをDばかりに23、父も母もこれまではただ仕事ひとすじで人生を楽しむゆとりなどなかった、海外は（）国内さえもほとんど旅行したことがない。
AおろかBわずかC限らずD問わず24、普段あまり表情を顔に出さない山村さんが、まっ赤な顔をしていた（）、よほど頭にきたのだろう。
AとはBとあってCとあればDというども25、彼女はイギリス人の留学生で、日本語を勉強する（）、日本人に英語を教えてもいる。
AゆえにBかたわらCそばからDがてら26、汗（）になって働いても、もらえる金はわずかた。
2011年专业八级真题及答案详细
2011年英语全真试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully a nd then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk.1. Changes in the size of the World Bank’ s operations re fer to ___.A. the expansion of its loan programmeB. the inclusion of its hard loansC. the inclusion of its soft loansD. the previous lending policies2. What actually made the Bank change its overall lending strategy?A. Reluctance of people in poor countries to have small families.B. Lack of basic health services and inequality in income distribution.C. The discovery that a low fertility rate would lead to economic development.D. Poor nutrition and low literacy in many poor countries of the world.3. The change in emphasis of the Bank’s lending policies meant that the Bank would ___.A. be more involved in big infrastructure projectsB. adopt similar investment strategies in poor and rich countriesC. embark upon a review of the investment in huge dams and steel millsD.invest in projects that would benefit the low-income sector of society4. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the bank?A. Colossal travel expenses of its staff.B. Fixed annual loans to certain countries.C. Limited impact of the Bank’s projects.D. Role as a financial deal maker.5. Throughout the talk, the speaker is ___ while introducing the Wor ld Bank.A. biasedB. unfriendlyC. objectiveD. sensationalSECTION B CONVERSATIONQuestions 6 to 10 are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation yo u will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the conversatio n.6. The man sounds surprised at the fact that ___.A. many Australians are taking time off to travelB. the woman worked for some time in New ZealandC. the woman raised enough money for travelD. Australians prefer to work in New Zealand7. We learn that the woman liked Singapore mainly because of its ___.A. cleannessB. multi-ethnicityC. modern characteristicsD. shopping opportunities8. From the conversation we can infer that Kaifeng and Yinchuan impressed the woman with their ___.A. respective locationsB. historic interestsC. ancient tombsD. Jewish descendants9. Which of the following words can best describe the woman’s feelings a bout Tibet?A. Amusement.B. Disbelief.C. Ecstasy.D. Delig ht10. According to the conversation, it was that made the woman ready to stop traveling.A. the unsettledness of travelB. the difficulties of trekkingC. the loneliness of travelD. the unfamiliar environmentSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 and 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.11. Mike Tyson was put in prison last August because he ___.A. violated the traffic lawB. illegally attacked a boxerC. attacked sb. after a traffic accidentD. failed to finish his contract12. The license granted to Tyson to fight will be terminated ___.A. by the end of the yearB. in over a yearC. in AugustD. in a few weeksQuestion 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.13. The Russian documents are expected to draw great attention because ___.A. they cover the whole story of the former US presidentB. the assassin used to live in the former Soviet UnionC. they are the only official documents released about KennedyD. they solved the mystery surrounding Kennedy’s assassinationQuestion 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. New listen to the news.14. In the recent three months, Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has ___.A. increased slowlyB. decreased graduallyC. st a yed steadyD. become unpredictable15. According to the news, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Business conditions have worsened in the past three months.B. The past three months have seen a declining trend in job offers.C. The rise of unemployment rate in some sectors equals the fall in others.D. The unemployment rate in all sectors of the economy remains unchanged.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGFill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.The Press ConferenceThe press conference has certain advantages. The first advantage lies with the(1)___ nature of the event itself; public officials are supposed to 1.___submit to scrutiny by responding to various questions at a press conference.Secondly, statements previously made at a press conference can be used as a(2)___ in judging following statements or policies. Moreover, in case 2.___of important events, press conferences are an effective way to break the newsto groups of reporters.However, from the point of view of (3)___, the press conference 3.___possesses some disadvantages, mainly in its(4)___ and news source. 4.___The provider virtually determines the manner in which a press conferenceproceeds. This, sometimes, puts news reporters at a(n)(5)___ , as can 5.___be seen on live broadcasts of news conferences.Factors in getting valuable information preparation: a need to keep up to date on journalistic subject matter;—(6)___ of the news source: 6.___1 ) news source’ s (7)___ to7.___provide information;2)news-gathering methods.Conditions under which news reporters cannot trust the informationprovided by a news source— not knowing the required information;— knowing and willing to share the information, but without(8)___ skills; 8.___— knowing the information, but unwilling to share;— willing to share, but unable to recall.(9)___ of questions asked 9.___Ways of improving the questions:no words with double meanings;no long questions;— specific time, place, etc.;— (10) questions; 10.___— clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers.改错Part ⅡProofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in thefollowing way. For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word y ou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitDuring the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1.___they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2.___favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3.___not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.___were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5.___On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6.___but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.___least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.___government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government 9.___appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.___buy, sell, and set prices.阅读理解APart ⅢReading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT A“Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and tried to make i tself into anentertain ment centre. ” say Robin Wood, a local official. “Now t he thinki ng is that we should try, to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a fami ly destination again.” To say that Blackpool neglected the sea is to put it mil d ly. In 1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instructed member nati ons to make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness wi thin ten years. Britain, rather than complying, took the novel strategy of conte nding that many of its most popular beaches were not swimming beaches at all. Be cause of Britain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and most people don ’ t go in above their knees anyway-and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By averaging out the number of people actually swimming across 365 days of the y ear, the government was able to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain ha d hardly any real swimming beaches.As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicrous situation in w hich Luxembourg had mere listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the Uni ted Kingdom. It was preposterous.”Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straight into the se a. Finally after much pressure from both environmental groups and the European U nion, the local water authority built a new waste-treatment facility for the who le of Blackpool and neighbouring communities. The facility came online in June 1 996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front me re visually attractive. The promenade, once a rather elegant place to stroll, ha d become increasingly tatty and neglected. “It was built in Victorian times and needed a thorough overhaul anyway, ”says Wood, “so we decided to make aestheti c imp rovements at the same time, to try to draw people back to it.” Blackpool rec e ntly spent about $1.4 million building new kiosks for vendors and improving seat ing around the Central Pier and plans to spend a further $ 15 million on various amenity projects.The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years a go is how empty its beaches are. When the tide is out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning sand. They look spacious enough to accommodate comforta bly the entire populace of northern England. Ken Welsby remembers days when, as he puts it,“ you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that c rowded.”Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and has been visiting Bl ackpool all his life. Now retired, he had come for the day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildren who were gravely absorbed in building a san dcastle. “Two hundred thousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes.” W elsby said. “You can’t imagine i t now, can you?”Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in the middle of summe r. I counted just 13 people scattered along a half mile or so of open sand. Exce pt for those rare times when hot weather and a public holiday coincide, it is li ke this nearly always now.“You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we w er e young.” Kitty said. “Even from Preston, it was a big treat. Now children don ’t want the beach. They want arcade games and rides in helico pters and goodness kn ows what else.” She stared out over the glittery water. “We’ll never see thos e days again. It’s sad really.”“But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,” I po inted out.“For the moment, ”Ken said. “For the moment.”Afterward I went for a long walk along the empty beach, then went back to th e town centre and treated myself to a large portion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in Blackpool, it isn’t so much a meal as an invita t ion to a hear t attack, but it was delicious. Far out over the sea the sun was se tting with such splendor that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water h iss where it touched.Behind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the str eets were beginning to fill with happy evening throngs. In the purply light of d usk the town looked peaceful and happy — enchanting even — and there was an engaging air of expectancy, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I r ealized that this place was beginning to grow on me.16. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool ___.A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centreB. complied with EC’s standar ds of clearlinessC. had no swimming beaches all alongD. is planning to revive its former attraction17. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to ___.A. have as many beaches as LuxumbourgB. have seriously polluted drinking waterC. boast some imposing seafront sightsD. attract few domestic holiday makers18. What Blackpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their ___.A. emptinessB. cleanlinessC. modernityD. monotonyTEXT BPundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizin g. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Mal aysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story. ) In each ca se investors——mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans——all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a co mbined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked in vestors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to conve rt baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and compa nies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support th eir currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bu st from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries’ s plit the difference—— and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most cliches, the catchphrase“ crony capitalism” has prospered because it gets at something r eal: excessively cozy relationships between government and business really did l ead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asia n business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence . But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investme nts that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainl y on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia s eemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to claim credit when some things ha ve started to go right. The international Monetary Fund points to Korea’s recov e ry——and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall after all —— a s proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF cli ents have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia —— which refused IM F help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls ——also seems to be on the mend. Malaysia’s prime Minister, by contrast, claims full cr e dit for any good news——even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bo ttomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably concl ude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of t he IMF’s adv i ce made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, ban king reform ——whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative po wers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who p urported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were l ike medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you me an by “full”. South Korea’s industrial production is already above its pre-cr isi s level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korea n industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsa yer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the w riter’s opinion?A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D. Most governments chose one of the two options.20. The writer thinks that those Asian countries ___.A. well deserved the punishmentB. invested in a senseless way at the timeC. were unduly punished in the crisisD. had bad relationships between government and business21. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations ___.A. were far from a panacea in all casesB. were feasible in their recipient countriesC. failed to work in their recipient countriesD. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries22. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full reco very of the Asian economy is ___.A. dueB. remoteC. imaginativeD. unpredictableTEXT CHuman migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the per manent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migrat ion means all theways——from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakis tan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solutio n , everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable eco n omic and political turmoil, has been called“ one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, the great adventu re of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet , shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes, ”said Spencer Wells. The bo ok he’s trying to read goes back to long before even the first word was written , and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three collea gues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the p eople he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans t o find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basi c story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early huma ns hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have c ontinued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most resea rchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the E arth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, hum an beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions wi thout having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second , as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed betw een groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the pla net; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved t oward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that th en became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound fides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. F or a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in th e great world events. ”Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a prof essor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration . Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and ma de new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousand s or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivor s anywhere they could replant hope. “It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller said, “It’s just a fac t of the human condition.”23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the foll owing reasons EXCEPF ___.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the pas sage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colon izers.26. There seems to be a(n) ___ relationship between great events an d migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. rem oteTEXT DHow is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at leas t of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has o ccurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many ar tists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which th eir work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. T he thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create condition s in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribut ion, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course thi ngs are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and thes e individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways a nd in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to m ake his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language its elf, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institution s through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his act ual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication s ystem outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication syste m which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this ki nd of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they fi rst show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that a ctive composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of pu tting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. Thisis always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we can see, even if we cannot e xplain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals ha d in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure of fe e ling”, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that t ime to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society an d the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.27. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ___.A. depending on shared conventionsB. fashioning their own conventionsC. adjusting their personal feelingsD. elaborating a common language28. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creativ e work is that ___.A. they cave about the possible reaction to their workB. public response is one of the primary conceitsC. they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD. they are indifferent toward response to their work29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORR ECT?A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the publ ic.B. Good contributors don’t neglect the use of i nternal communication syste m.C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of socie ty.D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.30. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individu als feel isolated because they ___.A. fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communicationB. actually differ from other individuals in the same periodC. have little in common with the society of the timeD. refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the society阅读理解BSECTION BTEXT EFirst read the question.31. The purpose of the passage is to ___.A. review some newly-published interior-design booksB. explore the potential market for interior-design booksC. persuade people to buy some good booksD. stress the importance of reading good booksNow go through TEXT E quickly to answer question 31.。
专八改错2000年-2011年真题及答案.
2000 年-2011 年专八短文改错试题,参考答案以及答案分析By 兰银清以下答案以上外教师给出的答案为参考答案2011年专八真题改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knewthat when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about 1__________ seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did sowith the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that 2___________ soon or later I should have to settle down and write books. 3___________I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years 4__________on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. Forthis and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developeddisagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5_____________ schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from 6_________the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7________ being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with wordsand a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8________a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure 9________in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.e. seriously 10________intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood andboyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my firstpoem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.1,在grow后加up, 考固定短语2,改consience为consciousness 考词语区别,consience翻译为“良心,道德心”, consiousness翻译为“意识”3,改soon为sooner,sooner or later是固定短语4,在child前加middle, 考上下文理解。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 日语试题
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 日语试题203 考生注意事项 1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则 2. 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考试语种”、“考生编号”等信息。
3. 日语知识运用（基礎知識）、阅读理解A 节的答案用2B 铅笔涂写在答题卡1上，如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。
阅读理解B 节、作文用蓝（黑）色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔写在答题卡2上。
4. 考试结束后，将答题卡1、答题卡2及试题一并装入试题袋中。
基礎知識きそちしき（20点てん） 次つぎの文章ぶんしょうを読よんで、1-－20の問いに答こたえなさい。
答こたえは選択肢せんたくし[A][B][C][D]からもっと適切てきせつなものを１つ選びなさい。
何年(なんねん) （１）前(まえ)のことになるが、京都(きょうと)（２）中心(ちゅうしん)にいろんな職人(しょくにん)さんの仕事場(しごとば)を訪(おとず) れたことがある。
織物(おりもの)の職人(しょくにん)さん、陶器(とうき)や扇子(せんす)の絵付師(えつけし)、人形師(にんぎょうし)、そして彫物(ほりもの)の職人(しょくにん)さん・・・・・・まあ、全部(ぜんぶ)で二十種類(にじゅうしゅるい)ほどの手仕事場(てしごとば)を見(み)た。
率直(そっちょく)に言(い)って、職人(しょくにん)さんというのはしばしばかなり偏屈(へんくつ)である。
こっちがいろいろ質問(しつもん)しても、満足(まんぞく)に返事(へんじ)をして（３）。
返事(へんじ)をした（４）。
たいてい無愛想(ぶあいそ)である。
時(とき)には、じろりとこっちを白(しろ)い目(め)でにらみつけ、終始無言(しゅうしむごん)のまま仕事(しごと)に熱中(ねっちゅう)している。
別(べつ)に意地悪(いじわる)なのではない。
かれらは下手(へた)なのであり、ただ手(て)を動(うご)かして物(もの)を作(つく)ることだけの（５）生(う)まれたような人(ひと)たちなのである。
2011年成人日语学士学位考试试题2
2011年成人学士学位日语水平考试模拟试题2成人高等教育学士学位外语水平考试（二） A一、会话能力次の会话を完成しなさい。
A、B、C、D から最も适当なものを一つ选んで、解答カードに书きなさい。
（1 点×10=10 点）1.「昨日は休日でしたか。
」「________、仕事日でした。
」A.はいB.さあC.そうD.いいえ2．「田中さん、明日美术馆へ行きませんか。
」「さあ、一绪に________。
」A.行きましょうB.いきませんC.いくことですD.いくものです3．「昨日、子とも连れて上野动物园に行ってきましたが、人がいっぱいでした。
」「そうですよ、あそこは________にぎやかですよね。
」A.いつもB.いつにC.いつでD.いつか4．「张さんは饺子が上手ですって、今度の日曜日家に来て作ってもらいませんか。
」「ええ、________。
」A.お手伝いしましょうB.お愿いしましょうC.お伝えしましょうD.お寻ねしましょう5．「铃木君、映画でも见に行きませんか。
」「________、明日试験があるんです。
」A.いきましょうB.やりましょうC.すみませんがD.みましょう6．「日曜日には何をしますか。
」「そうですね、新闻を読んだり、テレビをみ________します。
」A.だけB.たりC.こそD.のみ7．「铃木君、友达からなにかもらいましたか。
」「ええ、友达が私にこの切手を________。
」A.もらいましたB.もらうことにしたC.くれることにしましたD.くれました8．「部屋の窓を开けましょうか。
」「はい、________。
」A.やりましょうB.やらないでくださいC.あけないでくださいD.お愿いします9．「明日の试合はどうしますか。
」「ええ、________试合は中止しましょう。
」A.雨やんだらB.雨はれたらC.雨だったらD.雨あがったら10.「ゆうべはよく休みましたか。
」「ええ、疲れていたので、ラジオをつけた________寝てしまいました。
2011年3月5日专八 (TEM8) 真题+答案+听力材料[完整版]
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TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to our notes.Classifications of CulturesAccording to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.I.High-context cultureA. feature—context: more important than the message—meaning (1) ________________i.e. more attention paid to (2) ________ than to the message itselfB. examples—personal spacepreference for (3) ___________less respect for privacy/personal spaceattention to (4) ________concept of time—belief in (5) _________ interpretation of time—no concern for punctuality—no control overtimeII.Low-context cultureA.feature—message: separate from context—meaning (6) __________B.examples—personal space—desire/respect for individuality/privacy—less attention to body language—more concern for (7) ________—attitude toward time—concept of time: (8) ___________—dislike of (9) _____________—time seen as commodityIII.ConclusionAwareness of different cultural assumptions—relevance in work and lifee.g. business, negotiation, etc.—(10) ___________ in successful communicationSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr. Harley, what makes language learning more difficult after a certain age?A.Differences between two languages.B.Dealing capacity to learn syntax.C. Lack of time available.D. Absence of motivation.2. What does the example of Czech speakers show?A. It’s natural for language learners to make errors.B. Differences between languages cause difficulty.C. There exist differences between English and Czech.D. Difficulty stems from either differences or similarity.3. Which of the following methods does NOT advocate speaking?A. The traditional method.B. The audiolingual method.C. The immersion method.D. The direct method.4. Which hypothesis deals with the role of language knowledge in the learning process?A. The acquisition and learning distinction hypothesis.B. The comprehensible input hypothesis.C. The monitor hypothesis.D. The active filter hypothesis.5. Which of the following topics is NOT discussed during the interview?A. Causes of language learning difficulties.B. Differences between mother tongue and a second language.C. Theoretical conceptualization of second language learning.D. Pedagogical implementation of second language teaching.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Greyhound is Britain's largest bus and train operator.B. Currently Greyhound routes in Britain are limited.C. The coach starts from London every hour.D. Passengers are offered a variety of services.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. What does the news item say about the fires in Greece?A. Fires only occurred near the Greek capital.B. Fires near the capital caused casualties.C. Fires near the capital were the biggest.D. Fires near the capital were soon under control.8. According to the news, what measure did authorities take to fight the fires?A. Residents were asked to vacate their homes.B. Troops were brought in to help the firefighter.C. Air operations and water drops continued overnight.D. Another six fire engines joined the firefighting operation.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the current decline in the Mexican economy?A. Fewer job opportunities in Mexico.B. Strong ties with the U.S. economy.C. Decline in tourism.D. Decline in tax revenues.10. Drop in remittances from abroad is mainly due to _______A. declining oil production.B. the outbreak of the H1N1 flu.C. the declining GDP in Mexico.D. the economic downturn in the U.S.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN) In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AWhenever we could, Joan and I took refuge in the streets of Gibraltar. The Englishman's home is his castle because he has not much choice. There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England, not even,after twilight, in the public gardens. The climate, very often, odes not even permit him to walk outside. Naturally, he stays indoors and creates a cocoon of comfort. That was the way we lived in Leeds.These southern people, on the other hand, look outwards. The Gibraltarian home is, typically, a small and crowded apartment up several flights of dark and dirty stairs. In it, one, two or even three old people share a few ill0lit rooms with the young family. Once he has eaten, changed his clothes, embraced his wife, kissed his children and his parents, there is nothing to keep the southern man at home. He hurries out, taking even his breakfast coffee at his local bar. He comes home late for his afternoon meal after an appetitive hour at his café. He sleeps for an hour, dresses, goes out again and stays out until late at night. His wife does not miss him, for she is out, too – at the market in the morning and in the afternoon sitting with other mothers, baby-minding in the sun.The usual Gibraltarian home has no sitting-room, living-room or lounge. The parlour of our working-class houses would be an intolerable waste of space. Easy-chairs, sofas and such-like furniture are unknown. There are no bookshelves, because there are no books. Talking and drinking , as well as eating, are done on hard chairs round the dining-table, between a sideboard decorated with the best glasses and an inevitable display cabinet full of family treasures, photographs and souvenirs. The elaborate chandelier over this table proclaims it as the hub of the household and of the family. ,Hearth and home' makes very little sense in Gibraltar. One's home is one's town or village, and one's health is the sunshine.Our northern towns are dormitories with cubicles, by comparison. When we congregate – in the churches it used to be, now in the cinema, say, impersonally, or at public meetings, formally – we are scarcely ever man to man. Only in our pubs can you find the truly gregarious and communal spirit surviving, and in England even the pubs are divided along class lines.Along this Mediterranean coast, home is only a refuge and a retreat. The people live together in the open air – in the street, market-place. Down here, there is a far stronger feeling of community than we had ever known. In crowded and circumscribed Gibraltar, with its complicated inter-marriages, its identity of interest, its surviving sense of siege, one can see and feel an integrated society.To live in a tiny town with all the organization of a state, with Viceroy (总督), Premier, Parliament, Press and Pentagon, all in miniature, all within arm's reach, is an intensive course in civics. In such an environment, nothing can be hidden, for better or for worse. One's successes are seen and recognized; one' failures are immediately exposed. Social consciousness is at its strongest, with the result that there is a constant and firm pressure towards good social behavior, towards courtesy and kindness. Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. Straight from the cynical anonymity of a big city, we luxuriated in its happy personalism. We look back on it, like all its exiled sons and daughters, with true affection.11. Which of the following best explains the differences in ways of living between the English and the Gibraltarians?A. The family structure.B. Religious belief.C. The climateD. Eating habit.12. The italicized part in the third paragraph implies that _______A. English working-class homes are similar to Gibraltarian ones.B. English working-class homes have spacious sitting-rooms.C. English working-class homes waste a lot of space.D. the English working-class parlour is intolerable in Gibraltar.13. We learn from the description of the Gibraltarian home that it is _______A. modern.B. luxurious.C. stark.D. simple.14. There is a much stronger sense of ________ among the Gibraltarians.A. togethernessB. survivalC. identityD. leisure15. According to the passage, people in Gibraltar tend to be will-behaved because of the following EXCEPT ________.A. the entirety of the state structure.B. constant pressure from the state.C. the small size of the town.D. transparency of occurrences.TEXT BFor office innovator s, the unrealized dream of the “paperless” office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). Today's office drone is drowning in more paper than ever before.But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in sales – despite a healthy economic scene.Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair.“Old habits are hard to break.” says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. “There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn't work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness.”In the early to mid-'90s, a booming economy and improved desktop printers helped boost paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year. The convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost.But now, the growth rate of paper sales in the United States is flattening by about half a percent each year. Between 2004 and 2005, Ms. Dunn says, plain white office paper will see less than a 4 percent growth rate, despite the strong overall economy. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices.“We're finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace.” says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. “More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information residing only in electronic form without printing multiple backups.”In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar workers – the primary driver of office paper consumption – for the shift in paper usage.The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. The secretarial art of “filing” is disappearing from job descriptions. Much of today's data may never leave its original digital format.The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. “All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking,‘We need to learn more about the behavioural aspects of paper use,'“ he says. “They had never asked, they'd just assumed that 70 million sheets would be bought per year as a literal function of economic growth.”To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally.Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen.Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against “paperlessness,” argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. In his prophetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, “The Electronic Pinata (彩罐),” he suggests that the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper.The information industry today is like a huge electronic pinata, composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core,” Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust “is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core that produces the crust is far larger – and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all.”In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption, Saffo says, so has video conferencing – with its promise of fewer in-person meetings – boosting business travel.“That's one of the great ironies of the information age,” Saffo says. “It's just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet.”16. What function does the second sentence in the first paragraph serve?A. It further explains high-tech hubris.B. It confirms the effect of high-tech hubris.C. It offers a cause for high-tech hubris.D. It offers a contrast to high-tech hubris.17. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the slowdown in paper sales?A. Workforce with better computer skills.B. Slow growth of the US economy.C. Changing patterns in paper use.D. Changing employment trends.18. The two innovations by Xerox Corp. and Anoto Group feature _______.A. integrated use of paper and digital form.B. a shift from paper to digital form.C. the use of computer screen.D. a new style of writing.19. What does the author mean by “irony of the information age”?A. The dream of the “paperless” office will be realized.B. People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings.C. More digital data use leads to greater paper use.D. Some people are opposed to video-conferencing.20. What is the author's attitude towards “paperlessness”?A. He reviews the situation from different perspectives.B. He agrees with some of the people quoted in the passage.C. He has a preference for digital innovations.D. He thinks airlines benefit most from the digital age.TEXT CWhen George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was “the most class-ridden country under the sun”, he was only partly right. Societies have always had their hierarchie s, with some group perched at the top. In the Indian state of Bihar the Ranveer Sena, an upper-caste private army, even killed to stay there.By that measure class in Britain hardly seems entrenched (根深蒂固的). But in another way Orwell was right, and continues to be. As a new YouGov poll shows, Britons are surprisingly alert to class – both their own and that of others. And they still think class is sticky. According to the poll, 48% of people aged 30 or over say they expect to end up better off than their parents. But only 28% expect to end up in a different class. More than two-thirds think neither they nor their children will leave the class they were born into.What does this thing that people cannot escape consist of these days? And what do people look at when decoding which class someone belongs to? The most useful identifying markers, according to the poll, are occupation, address, accent and income, in that order. The fact that income comes fourth is revealing: though some of the habits and attitudes that class used to define are more widely spread than they were, class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth.Occupation is the most trusted guide to class, but changes in the labour market have made that harder to read than when Orwell was writing. Manual workers have shrunk along with farming and heavy industry as a proportion of the workforce, while the number of people in white-collar jobs has surged. Despite this striking change, when they were asked to place themselves in a class, Brits in 2006 huddled in much the same categories as they did when they were asked in 1949. So, jobs, which were once a fairly reliable guide to class, have become misleading.A survey conducted earlier this year by Expertian shows how this convergence on similar types of work has blurred class boundaries. Expertian asked people in a number of different jobs to place themselves in the working class or the middle class. Secretaries, waiters and journalists were significantly more likely to think themselves middle-class than accountants, computer programmers or civil servants. Many new white-collar jobs offer no more autonomy or better prospects than old blue-collar ones. Yet despite the muddle over what the markers of class are these days, 71% of those polled by YouGov still said they found it very or fairly easy to figure out which class others belong to.In addition to changes in the labour market, two other things have smudged the borders on the class map. First, since 1945 Britain has received large numbers of immigrants who do not fit easily into existing notions of class and may have their own pyramids to scramble up. The flow of new arrivals has increased since the late 1990s, multiplying this effect.Second, barriers to fame have been lowered, Britain's fast-growing ranks of celebrities –like David Beckham and his wife Victoria – form a kind of parallel aristocracy open to talent, or at least to those who are uninhibited enough to meet the requests of television producers. This too has made definitions more complicated.But many Brits, given the choice, still prefer to identify with the class they were born into rather than that which their jobs or income would suggest. This often entails pretending to be more humble than is actually the case: 22% of white-collar workers told YouGov that they consider themselves working class. Likewise, the Expertian survey found that one in ten adults who call themselves working class are among the richest asset-owners, and that over half a million households which earn more than $191,000 a year say they are working class. Pretending to be grander than income and occupation suggest is rarer, though it happens too.If class no longer describes a clear social, economic or even political status, is it worth paying any attention to? Possibly, yes. It is still in most cases closely correlated with educational attainment and career expectations.21. Why does the author say “…Orwell was right, and continues to be” (Paragr aph Two)?A. Because there was stronger class consciousness in India.B. Because more people hoped to end up in a higher class.C. Because people expect to gain more wealth than their parents.D. Because Britons are still conscious of their class status.22. “…class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth” (Paragraph Three) means that____.A. class is still defined by its own habits and attitudes.B. class would refer to something more subtle than money.C. people from different classes may have the same habits or attitudes.D. income is unimportant in determining which class one belongs to.23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. White-collar workers would place themselves in a different class.B. People with different jobs may place themselves in the same class.C. Occupation and class are no longer related with each other.D. Changes in the workforce have made it difficult to define class.24. Which of the following is NOT a cause to blur class distinction?A. Notions of class by immigrants.B. Changing trends of employment.C. Fewer types of work.D. Easy access to fame.25. When some successful white-collar workers choose to stay in the working class, it implies that they are _______.A. showing modesty.B. showing self-respect.C. expressing boastfulness.D. making an understatement.TEXT DThe train was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that plains of Texas were pouring eastward. Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man's face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that his brick-coloured hands were constantly performing in a most conscious fashion. From time to time he looked down respectfully at his attire. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber's shop. The glances he devoted to other passengers were furtive and shy.The bride was not pretty, nor was she very young. She wore a dress of blue cashmere, with small reservations of velvet here and there, and with steel buttons abounding. She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves, very stiff, and high. They embarrassed her. It was quite apparent that she had cooked, and that she expected to cook, dutifully. The blushes caused by the careless scrutiny of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see upon this plain, under-class countenance, which was drawn in placid, almost emotionless lines.They were e vidently very happy. “Ever been in a parlor-car before?” he asked, smiling with delight.“No.” she answered: “I never was. It's fine, ain't it?”“Great! And then after a while we'll go forward to the dinner, and get a big lay-out. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar.”“Oh, do they?” cried the bride. “Change a dollar? Why, that's too much – for us –ain't it, Jack?”“Nor this trip, anyhow.” he answered bravely. “We're going to go the whole thing.”Later he explained to her about the trains. “You se e, it's a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other' and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times.” He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she contemplated the sea-green figured velvet, the shining brass, silver, and glass, the wood that gleamed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze figure sturdily held a support for a separated chamber, and at convenient places on the ceiling were frescos in olive and silver.To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio; this was the environment of their new estate; and the man's face in particular beamed with an elation that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This individual at times surveyed them from afar with an amused and superior grin. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it exactly plain to them that they were being bullied. He subtly used all the manners of the most unconquerable kind of snobbery. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and they speedily forgot that infrequently a number of travelers coveredthem with stares of derisive enjoyment. Historically there was supposed to be something infinitely humorous in their situation.“We are due in Yellow Sky at 3:42.” he said, looking tenderly into her eyes.“Oh, are we?” she said, as if she had not been aware of it. To evince (表现出) surprise at her husband's statement was part of her wifely amiability. She took from a pocket a little silver watch; and as she held it before her, and stared at it with a frown of attention, the new husband's face shone.“I bought it in San Anton' from a friend of mine,” he told her gleefully.“It's seventeen minutes past twelve.” she said, looking up at him with a kind of shy and clumsy coquetry (调情；卖俏). A passenger, nothing this play, grew excessively sardonic, and winked at himself in one of the numerous mirrors.At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, surveyed their entrance with the interest, and also the equanimity (平静), of men who had been forewarned. The pair fell to the lot of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly pilot, his countenance radiant with benevolence. The patronage, entwined with the ordinary deference, was not plain to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape.26. The description of the couple's clothes and behaviour at the beginning of the passage seems to indicate that they had a sense of _______.A. secrecy.B. elation.C. superiority.D. awkwardness.27. Which of the following adjectives best depicts the interior of the coach?A. Modern.B. Luxurious.C. Practical.D. Complex.28. Which of the following best describes the attitude of other people on the train to couple?A. They regarded the couple as an object of fun.B. They expressed indifference towards the couple.C. They were very curious about the couple.D. They showed friendliness towards the couple.29. Which of the following contains a metaphor?A. … li ke a man waiting in a barber's shop.B. … his countenance radiant with benevolence.C. … sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.D. … as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil.30. We can infer from the last paragraph that in the dining-carA. the waiters were snobbish.B. the couple felt ill at ease.C. the service was satisfactory.D. the couple enjoyed their dinner.PART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answers to each question. Mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is ________.A. Northern Ireland.B. Scotland.C. England.D. Wales.32. It is generally agreed that ________ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores.A. the FrenchB. the GermansC. the BritishD. the Dutch33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf?A. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Great Britain.D. The United States of America.34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution?A. Thomas Jefferson.B. Thomas Paine.C. John Adams.D. Benjamin Franklin.35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ________ in the 20 -century England.A. poetB. biographerC. playwrightD. novelist36. _____ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's history.A. Ballad.B. Romance.C. Epic.D. Elegy.37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20 century?A. The Great Gatsby.B. The Sun Also Rises.C. The Sound and the Fury.D. Beyond the Horizon.38. ________ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind.A. Semantics.B. Pragmatics.C. Cognitive linguisticsD. Sociolinguistics39. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ________.A. absence of obstruction.B. presence of obstruction.C. manner of articulation.D. Place of articulation.。
日语专业八级考试古典文法试题练习
４ ． 明Ｉ如／ Ｌ。 Ａ夜 明 Ｉ 耋ｆ ２夜 于 、 ： 于为ｃ－
Ｌ 圭， ）
４． 自 ． 岛 Ａ 明 卞 ５夜 加Ｉ９ 。 夜老 加 ６弓 夜老 加Ｌ 、 ６弓 夜老 加Ｌ 圭 Ｄ ． － Ｂ 明 为 ｃ 明 Ｌ 弓 夜老
明 加 Ｌ Ｌ 圭， ）
４ ．花哄 墨如 ９ Ａ花力 哄 、 ６ ，允 上弓 ）
６ 弓 Ｂ花 哄 、 ６ ’ Ｃ花 哄 ＜ ６ ’ Ｄ 花 哄 、 Ｌ圭 、 为 ｊ ｊ
Ｃ ４ ７ Ｄ
３ ８
Ｄ ４ ８ Ｃ
３ ９
Ｄ ４ ９ Ｃ
４ ０
Ｄ ５ ０ Ｃ
３． 屯 ７ 秋 遇 如。 Ａ秋 屯 卞 为 Ｂ秋 屯 遇
３ ．花 哄 加 ８ 。 Ａ 花 力 哄 、
、 ｃ秋 屯 遇 允 Ｄ秋 屯 遇
Ｌ圭， ） 允
Ｂ花 力 哄 Ｌ圭 ’ Ｃ 花 哄 ＜ ６ 弓 Ｄ 花 哄 ｝ 、 、 ｊ 、 Ｌ
３ ．文 藐 为。 Ａ 手 糸 力 虢 为 ２ 氏
Ｂ手 豪 氏老莸
３． 唣墨 ３息 为。 Ａ息 唱 、 、 Ｂ息 舄 、 、 加 Ｃ息 为 口 为 唱 、 、 、、 Ｄ息 舄 、 、 力 Ⅱ 为
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维普资讯
鬯 诚 辅 导 ２ ５
３ ． 更 Ｉ 。 Ａ 夜 更 Ｉ １夜 于 于为 ６ 弓 Ｂ夜 力 更 Ｉ 于
日语专八真题日本文学史
５１．和歌は奈良時代までに発生した日本固有の韻文学で、后世、（）をさすようになった。
A. 长歌B. 短歌C. 旋頭歌D. 片歌５２．「徒然草」は（）が書いた随笔筆である。
A. 吉田兼好B. 鴨长鸣C. 清少納言D. 紫式部５３．「古池や蛙飛びこむ水の音」は（）によって書かれた有名な俳句である。
A. 与謝蕪村B. 小林一茶C. 松尾芭蕉D. 井原西鶴５４．大正期に「悪魔主義」と呼ばれていた作家は次のだれか。
A. 永井荷風B. 芥川龍之介C. 川端康成D. 谷崎潤一郎５５．「俘虏记」や「野火」を書いた作家は次のだれか。
A. 大冈升平B. 野間宏C. 梅崎春生D. 島尾敏雄５６．日本では大化改新を経て「律令制社会」が完成される。
文化は「白鳳文化」から奈良时代の（「」）へと移る。
A. 縄文文化B. 弥生文化C. 飞鳥文化D. 天平文化５７．１２世纪の终わり、鎌仓に日本最初の幕府が置かれ、（）が支配する世になった。
A. 贵族B. 女官C. 武士D. 知識人５８．男子は３歳と５歳、女子は３歳と７歳とに当たる年の１１月（）に氏神に参詣する行事を「七五三」という。
A. １０日B. １５日C. ２０日D. ３０日５９．昭和」は日本の年号で、１９２６年１２月から（）までの时期を指す。
A. １９８９年６月B. １９９０年６月C. １９８９年１月D. １９９０年１月６０．日本最大の湖は滋贺県中部にある（）である。
A. 芦ノ湖B. 琵琶湖C. 諏訪湖D. 富士五湖５１、（）と『日本書紀』に収められている古代歌謡を『記紀歌謡』と称している。
A.『古事記』 B.『風土記』 C.『日本後記』 D.『万葉代匠記』５２、近世小説史にとって画期的な作品は（）の『好色一代男』であった。
A.曲亭馬琴B. 与謝蕪村C. 小林一茶D. 井原西鶴５３、森鴎外の『舞姫』は二葉亭四迷の（）と並んで、日本近代文学の出発点における記念碑的な作品である。
2011年日语 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试日语试题卷第一部分听力（共2节满分30分）第二部分日语知识运用（供40小题满分40分）16親＿＿黙って、会社を辞めてしまったAでBにCへDを17 外＿＿＿布団を干したまま出かけたAをBはCでDに18 猫は道の上＿＿走っていたAはBをCとDが19 あの人は車に乗ってから目的地に着く＿＿、ずっとしゃべっていた。
AまでBまでにCときDあと20 今度出された料理は好きなもの＿＿嫌いなもののほうが多かった。
AよりBがちCにはDでは21一生懸命に走った＿＿、間に合いませんでした。
AしBからCのでDのに22 父は若いときは医者に＿＿＿。
AなりそうですBなりそうでしたCなりたかったそうですDなりたいそうでした23 授業が終わって、家へ＿＿としたら、雨が降ってきました。
A帰るB帰りたいC帰ろうD帰るよう24先生、風を引いてしまいましたので、明日授業を＿＿いただけないでしょうかA休まれてB休ませてC休んでD休んでみて25だめだと思っていた大学に合格して、まるで夢の＿＿です。
AらしいBみたいCそうDよう26 花子さんはいつもにこにこしていて、＿方ですね。
AやさしみたいBやさしらしいCやさしそうなDやさしような27 私たちをしかる母の言葉には、深い感情が＿＿。
A込めますB込めさせていますC込めていますD込められています28 最近は正月を自宅で過ごさない人が増えて＿。
AいきましたBありましたCみましたDきました29 おなかがすいていたので、料理を２人分食べて＿。
AいたBしまったCおいたDあった30 背が高くなるように、毎日牛乳をたくさん＿＿＿。
A飲んでいるB飲んであるC飲んでしまうD飲んでいく31話しながらコップを＿＿１つ壊してしまった。
A洗えばB洗ってもC洗ったらD洗ったり32 箱を開けてみると、中に人形が＿＿。
A入れましたB入りましたC入れていましたD入っていました33 このところ忙しかった＿＿ですから、電話のしないで、ごめんなさいAことBものCはずDべき34 日本人の友達の＿＿で、日本の生活に慣れてきた。
2011年高考日语试题及答案(word版)
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大学日本語専攻生八級能力試験問題（2010）
（翻訳、作文問題）
（試験時間：90分間）
八、次の中国語を日本語に訳し、その訳文を解答用紙に書きなさい。
（20点）
近日本栏目提到了哲学家和辻哲郎，他很重视代表了日本气候特点的“湿气”。
朝雾，夕霭，还有密布的薄雾。
据他研究，这些潮湿大气的浓淡，和日本人的情绪紧密相连。
轻雾中飘出的小船。
朦胧水润的月亮——。
潮气模糊着事物的轮廓，随着季节变化触动着日本人内心深处的感情。
尽管如此，炎热时节中的湿气却谈不上风雅。
这个时节潮湿的空气不断涌入日本，关东以西地区桑拿天气持续不断。
湿润别有一番风情，而潮湿则会让人感觉不快。
昨天起天气发生了变化。
大陆的高气压带来了干燥的空气。
虽然有些地区还是盛夏，遮荫处却很凉爽，澄净的天空也格外的明朗。
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大学日本語専攻生八級能力試験問題（2010）
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