美国教师常用的英语委婉语
美国教师英语课堂常用语
小学教师常用英语课堂组织用语1. OK, stop here. 好啦，就听到这。
2. Open your books and read the dialogue in pairs. 打开书，两人一组读对话。
3. Who can point it out?/ Who can correct the mistakes for him? 谁能帮他指出来？4. Be careful. = Take care. Don’t make the same mistake again.注意，不要再犯同样的错误。
5.Well, let’s go on ( with it ) 好了，接着来。
6. Let’s go on to do the exercises. 接下去做习题。
7. Look at them/ their actions and guess what they are doing.看动作猜猜他们在干什么？8. Write a 150-word passage with / using the following expressions in ten minutes.用下列词语写一篇150字的短文，十分钟完成。
9. Make a dialogue using the following expressions as much as you can/ possible.写一段对话尽可能使用列词语。
10. Have you finished it/ the writing? Finish up? 写完了吗？11. I ask 2 students to read out their dialogues.我找两名同学，把你们写的对话读出来。
12. Now we study / learn the text. 下面学习课文。
13. Do you know sb./ sth? Have you heard of sb./ sth?你知道某人或某事吗/ 你听说过…吗？14.Today we’ll learn a passage/ an article about sb./sth.今天，我们学习一篇关于…的文章。
美国教师常用的英语委婉语
美国教师常⽤的英语委婉语教师⼀⽅⾯要如实反映情况，另⼀⽅⾯⼜要顾及学⽣的⼼理健康、承受能⼒，要缓解直⾔的冲击，委婉语的运⽤是完全必要的。
以下的婉转陈述⽅式是美国教师经常采⽤的。
1. 学⽣很笨 直⾔：The student is obtuse. 婉⾔：He is a bit slow for his age. (他反应较慢。
) He seems to be mentally retarded.(他看来智能较弱。
) 2. 学⽣懒惰 直⾔：The student is lazy. 婉⾔：I'm afraid he has to exert himself in his study.(恐怕他在学习上对⾃⼰得施加压⼒。
) Probably he has to devote himself more diligently to his studies. (可能他要在学习上更勤奋些。
) He is sure to go far if he can use his resources fully.(如果他能充分利⽤其智⼒，他⼀定能学得更好。
) He needs to raise his ambition level a bit. (他需要增加⼀点雄⼼。
) He'd better take his lessons more seriously. (他更加严肃地对待他的功课。
) 3. 学⽣吵架 直⾔：The student is noisy. 婉⾔：He needs to develop quieter habits of communication. (他需要培养更加安静的交流习惯。
) 4. 学⽣说谎 直⾔：He lies. 婉⾔：He is likely to embroider the truth a bit. (他往往会修饰⼀下事实。
) He has difficulty distinguishing between imaginary and factual information. (他对区别假想的还是真实的信息有困难。
英语中委婉语气的表达法
英语中委婉语气的表达法在每一个民族的语言里，或多或少有些关于更礼貌更客气的表达方法，也就是委婉语气表达（ overtone of politeness）。
西方人的委婉更是出了名的，英语学习者经过长期的英语学习和研究不难发现英语中有许多婉转口气的表达法，它使听话者觉得说话者更有涵养或更容易接受其内容，也使自己显得更有教养。
那么如何讲有礼貌的英语呢？下面就用一些例子对此做一些阐述。
1 有关请求和命令的婉转说法这一类言语行为在不同程度上具有冒犯性，因此需要用礼貌的话把它淡化和缓解。
试比较：● Pass the water.(不礼貌 )● Pass the water, please.（使对方容易接受。
）● Would you pass the water?（试探受话人是否乐意）● Could your possibly pass the water?（询问受话人是否有做某事的可能性，很客气）● I would be extremely grateful if your would pass the water.（假设语气陈述句，很有礼貌）● I wonder if you would be good enough to pass the water.（假设语气，很委婉）受话人如何给对方答复，现分肯定回答和否定回答来研究。
肯定回答：按礼貌程度由低到高排列。
● O.K.● (Yes,) certainly.● Yes, by all means.● Of course. I'll be only too pleased to.否定回答：当你被别人邀请参加聚会或其他等等活动而你因有事不能参加；或者人家有事相求你又确实帮不了，请求得不到满足，回答使发话人不悦，这时你不妨试试下面这些软否定：No, I'm afraid I can't; Well, I'd love to, but actually, I'm afraid I can't at present because...; I wish I could, but...; I'd love to, but...; I'd be glad to, but...; I'm afraid not, ...; It's very kind of you to say, but ...; I'd like to ..., but ...，etc. 让我们用一些对话做为例子 :● A: We plan to go to the beach after class, want to come?B: I'd love to, but Pro. Jones wants to speak with me.● A: It never fails, It's raining hard outside and I'm stuck without an umbrella.B: I'd like to let you have mine, but I have to go out soon.● A: Will you go to the movies with me tonight?B: I'd love to, but I've caught a cold.● A: Could you possibly do me a favor?B: Sure, What is it?A: I've got a problem. I have to fix my table and I don't have a hammer. Could I possibly borrow yours? B: I'm sorry. I'm afraid I don't have one.A: Oh .Do you know anybody who does?B: Yes. You should call Charlie. I'm sure he'll be happy to lend you his.A: Thank you. I'll call him right away.● A: It's such a fine day, shall we go to the park for a walk?B: I'd like to join you, but I find it chilly to walk outside in spite of the sun.2 劝告的婉转法试比较下面句子（按从直截了当到较有礼貌的含蓄的劝告表达法排列）● You ought to type this paper.(有强加于人的意向 )● You really should slow down at your office.● You'd better tell him the truth.● I'd advise you to take a vacation.● You should take your parents' advice, they know what's best for you.● If I were you , I'd buy another car without hesitation.（含蓄地达到劝告目的）3 建议的表达法试比较：● I suggest you go for some advice.(不够礼貌，用于熟悉的人 )● I would suggest starting the work at once.（较委婉）● You can read the novel now if you like.（给人选择余地，较客气）● You could/might have a look at the novel.（客气）● Why not call me next weekend?（有礼貌的建议）● Why don't you find a decent job?（同 5））● Can /may/Could/might I suggest that...?（使受话人容易接受）● It would be better if you copy that again.（假设条件句，容易使人接受）● I wonder if I might make the suggestion that...（用在正式场合，比如外交家的审慎的辞令风格）4 如何利用某些时态婉转地表达自己种种想法从上面所举例子，我们不难发现英语中有些时态其实并不表示真正的时态，而是与英语中的委婉语气密不可分的，例如：4.1 某些实意动词（ want, wonder, think, hope等）的过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时表现在时比直接用现在时态更婉转，如：● A: Did you want me?B: Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help.● It's time you had a holiday.● I wish you lived closer to us.● If only you lent your book to me.● I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.● I'm wondering if I may have a word with you.● I was wondering /wondered if you'd like to come out with me one evening.● I was hoping / hoped you could send me some books.上面所举例子实际上都可以用一般现在时来代替，但是就不如用一般过去时；现在进行时或过去进行时委婉。
英语对话中常用委婉表达句子
英语对话中常用委婉表达句子1. 英语中的委婉语优雅骂人： 1. Stop complaining！别发牢骚！2. You make me sick！你真让我恶心！3. What's wrong with you？你怎么回事？4. You shouldn't have done that！你真不应该那样做！5. You're a jerk！你是个废物/混球！6. Don't talk to me like that！别那样和我说话！7. Who do you think you are？你以为你是谁？8. What's your problem？你怎么回事啊？9. I hate you！我讨厌你！10. I don't want to see your face！我不愿再见到你！ 11. You're crazy！你疯了！12. Are you insane/crazy/out of your mind？你疯了吗？（美国人绝对常用！）13. Don't bother me. 别烦我。
14. Knock it off. 少来这一套。
15. Get out of my face. 从我面前消失！16. Leave me alone. 走开。
17. Get lost.滚开！18. Take a hike！哪儿凉快哪儿歇着去吧。
19. You piss me off. 你气死我了。
20. It's none of your business. 关你屁事！21. What's the meaning of this？这是什么意思？22. How dare you！你敢！23. Cut it out. 省省吧。
24. You stupid jerk！你这蠢猪！25. You have a lot of nerve. 脸皮真厚。
26. I'm fed up. 我厌倦了。
英语中的委婉语
语法词汇课程教育研究英语中的委婉语张国发（天津商务职业学院 天津 300170）当代英语中的委婉语除了称为euphemism外，有时还叫“soft words”（柔软词）、“comfortable words”（惬意词）、“gilded words”（镀金词）、“weasel words”（遁词），甚至有人称其为“language of deceit”（骗人话）或“distorting lenses”（变形镜头）。
顾名思义，可帮助我们进一步了解它的性质。
现分述如下：一、社会生活方面生、老、病、死、残、弱、葬、性、裸、拉、撒等禁忌事物，如果直接表达，给人的感觉是粗鄙、生硬、刺耳、无礼。
但是由于相互交流的需要，有时又不得不表达出此种意思，于是人们逐渐学会了用委婉语来表达，这样避讳禁忌便成了委婉语的第一功能。
比如，be born（出生）说成see the light of day，（看见阳光），忌讳直接说“死”字，创造了很多表达“死”的意思的委婉语。
像“去了”（to pass away），“离别了”（to depart），“离开了我们”（to leave us），“睡着了”（to go to sleep）等等。
在西方国家年龄是个敏感的问题。
old people一般不喜欢old这个词，对aged或aging更是反感。
这一方面表明西方人不服老，但另一方面西方社会随着年老带来一系列严重的问题，所以人们怕老，英语中称old people为the elderly就委婉得多，但elderly究竟比old好多少也很模糊。
于是又称the elderly senior citizens， golden agers venerable people不说old age，而说成venerable age或golden sunset age。
老年人退休后居住的公寓称为“retirement community for senior citizens”或干脆称为“Sun City”。
英语教师上课口语100句
英语教师上课口语100句以下是一些英语教师常用的上课口语，供参考：1.Hello, everyone. 大家好。
2.Good morning/afternoon, class. 早上好/下午好，同学们。
3.Please sit down and be quiet. 请坐好，安静下来。
4.Let's begin our class. 我们开始上课吧。
5.Today we'll learn about... 今天我们将学习关于……6.Are you ready for the lesson? 你们准备好上课了吗？7.Do you understand? 你们明白了吗？8.Let's review what we learned last time. 我们来复习一下上次学的内容。
9.Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题？10.Please raise your hand if you know the answer. 如果知道答案，请举手。
11.It's time for a break. 休息时间到了。
12.Let's continue with the next topic. 我们继续下一个话题。
13.Are there any questions? 有任何问题吗？14.Let's work in pairs/groups of three. 让我们两人一组/三人一组进行练习。
15.Please write down the key points. 请写下重点内容。
16.Let's practice speaking English now. 我们来练习说英语吧。
17.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation. 注意你的发音和语调。
18.Don't hesitate to ask for help if you need it. 如果需要帮助，请不要犹豫。
英语俚语 史上最全最地道
Safe and sound 安然无恙Safe bind, safe find. 藏的稳，找的准A saint abroad and a devil at home. 在外是圣人，在家是魔鬼salt of the earth 社会中坚The same knife cuts bread and fingers. 同是一把刀，切面包时也会切着手指。
Saving is getting. 节俭等于增加收入。
Saying and doing are two different things. 说和做是两回事The sands are running out. 时间不多了Scratch my back and I'll scratch yours. 互相奉承The sea refuses no river. 大海不拒江河see eye to eye 看法完全一致see how the cat jumps 观望形势see how the wind blows 观察风向；了解情况see the light 恍然大悟Second thoughts are best 慎思为佳Seeing is believing. 眼见为实Seek the truth from the facts. 实事求是separate the sheep from the goats 区分善恶serve one right 罪有应得set the Thames on fire 干大事，做不寻常之事Ships fear fire more than water. 船怕水，但更怕火。
Shipshape 井井有条show the cloven hoof 原形毕露show one's colours 暴露真面目show the white feather 胆怯A shy cat makes a proud mouse. 猫胆子小，老鼠胆大shylock 不择手段的守财奴Simon Legree 残暴之徒Simple diet, healthy children. 粗茶淡饭，孩子健康sink or swim 孤注一掷Sit above the salt 坐上席，受尊敬sit on the fence 骑墙，固守中立sit on a volcano 处境十分危险sit pretty 处于有利地位；过舒服日子six and falf dozen 半斤八两sixth sense 第六感官skate on thin ice 如旅薄冰The sky is not less blue because the blind does not see it. 蓝天并不因瞎子看不见而减少sleep a dog-sleep 打个盹儿sleep like a log 沉睡不醒slip of the tongue 说走了嘴Slanders by many mouths can melt a metal. 众口铄金Sleep is a thief; it steals half one's life. 睡眠是贼，他偷走了人的一半生命。
英语教师上课时常用口语
英语教师的上课时常用的口语英语教师的上课时常用的口语1．上课〔Beginningaclass 〕〔1〕Let’sstartnow．／Let’sbeginourclass／lesson．〔2〕Standup ，please．〔3〕Sitdown ，Pease．2．问候〔Greeting 〕〔4〕Hello，boysandgirls ／children ．〔5〕Goodmorning ，class／everyone ／everybody ／children ／boysandgirls ．〔6〕Howareyoutoday ？3．考勤〔Checkingattendance 〕〔8〕Who’sondutytoday？／Who’shelpingthis morning ／today？〔9〕Iseveryone ／everybodyhere ／present？〔10〕Isanyoneaway ？／Isanybodyaway ？〔11〕Isanyoneabsent ？／Isanybodyabsent ？12〕Who’sabsent？／Who’saway？〔13〕Whereishe ／she？〔14〕Trytobeontime ．／Don’tbelatenexttime．〔15〕Gobacktoyourseat ，please．〔16〕Whatdayisittoday ？〔17〕What’sthedatetoday？〔18〕What’stheweatherliketoday？〔19〕What’sitlikeoutside？5．价Good，thankyou．Good／Verygood．／Godjob．／Goodwork．／Goodexample．Agoodanswer．／Nicework．Excellent．／Great！／Welldone．／Verygood．／IlikethewayyouThat’sInteresting！Don’tworryabou tIt．／Noproblem．OK！That’snotquite right，anyotheranswers？／That’sclose／That’salmostright．4．布置作〔Settinghomework〕Fortoday’s homework⋯Practiseaft erclass．／PractiseathomeSayitoutloud，beforeyouwriteItdown．Copy／Print／Writeeachwordtwice．Remember 〔Memorize〕thesewords／sentences．Learnthesew ords／thesesentences／thistextbyheart．Doyourhomew ork．／Dothenextlesson．／Dothenewwork．下〔Dismissingtheclass〕Handinyourworkbooks ，please．Timeisup．Thebellisringing．There’sthebell．Theregoesthebell．Let’sstophere．That’sallfor today．Classisover．Goodbye．／Bye．／Seeyounexttime．LiHong,haveyoucollectedalltheexercise-books?李红，作业本都收齐了吗？Hereareyourexercise-books.Pleasehandthemout.这是练习本，请发下去。
英语委婉语的例子30个
英语委婉语的例子30个1. "I'm afraid I have to decline your invitation." (拒绝邀请)2. "It's not quite what I had in mind." (不是我的想法)3. "I'm not sure if I can make it." (不确定我能否参加)4. "I'm sorry, but I have other commitments." (我很抱歉，但我有其他约定)5. "Perhaps we can revisit this at a later time?" (也许我们可以稍后再考虑这个问题?)6. "I think I need to pass on this opportunity." (我认为我需要放弃这个机会)7. "I don't feel comfortable discussing this." (我不觉得讨论这个话题舒服)8. "I'm not really interested in pursuing this further." (我真的不太想再深入探讨这个问题)9. "It's not exactly what I had in mind." (并不完全符合我的想法)10. "I appreciate your offer, but I think I'll have to decline." (谢谢你的提议，但我想我必须拒绝)11. "I'm not sure if I'm the best person for the job." (我不确定我是否是最适合的人选)12. "I think I'll have to pass on this one." (我想我得拒绝这个)13. "I regret to say that I won't be able to attend." (很遗憾，我不能参加)14. "I'm not really comfortable with this situation." (我对这种情况并不感到舒适)15. "I'm afraid I can't help you with that." (很抱歉，我无法帮你处理这个)16. "I'm not quite ready to commit to that yet." (我还没准备好承诺)17. "I'm not sure that's the best approach." (我不确定那是最好的方法)18. "I don't think this is a good fit for me." (我觉得这不适合我)19. "I'm sorry, I can't make it." (对不起，我不能来)20. "I'd rather not discuss that." (我宁愿不讨论那个)21. "I'm not really looking for a change at the moment." (我现在并不是真的想要改变)22. "I don't think that's a good idea." (我不认为那是个好主意)23. "I'm afraid I have to disagree with you on that." (恐怕我必须在这个问题上与你不同意)24. "I may have to decline this offer." (我可能不得不拒绝这个提议)25. "I'm afraid I can't commit to that right now." (我恐怕现在不能承诺)26. "I'm not really comfortable with the terms." (我不太满意这些条款)27. "I'm afraid I don't have the time for that." (恐怕我没有时间做那个)28. "I don't think that's quite what I had in mind." (我认为那不是我想要的)29. "I'm not really sure what to think about this." (我不是很确定怎么看待这个)30. "I'm afraid I can't provide you with what you're asking for." (恐怕我不能提供你所要求的东西)。
美国教师课堂用语
1. Wow 哇！(叫绝声)2. Way To Go 就该这么做3. Super 极好的4. You're Special 你不一般5. Outstanding 杰出的6. Excellent 优秀的7. Great 伟大的8. Good 好的9. Neat 真整洁10. Well Done 做得好11.Remarkable 非凡的12. I Knew You Could Do It 我知道你能做的13. I'm Proud Of You 我为你而骄傲14. Fantastic 太奇妙了15. Super Star 超级明星16. Nice Work 干得好17. Looking Good 看上去不错18. You're On Top Of It 你是数一数二的19. Beautiful 美极了20. Now You're Flying 现在你起飞了(进步了)21. You're Catching On 你是有吸引力的22. Now You've Got It 现在你做到了23. You're Incredible 你简直难以置信24. You Can Do It 你能做到25. How Did You Do That? 你怎样完成的？26. Bravo 好啊！妙！27. You're Fantastic 你真太妙了28. You're Improving 你在进步29. Hurray For You 为你喊万岁30. You're On Target 你达到目标了31. You're On Your Way 你在前进中32. How Nice 多好啊33. Good Job 干的出色34. That's Incredible 简直难以置信35. Hot Dog 热狗36. Let's Try Again 再试试37. Dynamite 非同凡响38. You're Beautiful 你太美了39. You're Unique 你太不寻常了40. Nothing Can Stop You Now 现在你已所向无敌了41. Good For You 为你好42. I Like You 我欢你43. You're A Winner 你是赢家44. I Respect You 我尊敬你45. You'll Make It 你一定会成功的46. Remarkable Job 出色的工作47. Beautiful Work 完美的工作48. Spectacular 壮观的，引人入胜的49. I Like The Way You Handled That 我欣赏你的做法50. You're Precious 你是宝贵的51. Great Discovery 伟大的发现52. You've Discovered The Secret 你已经发现了秘密53. You're Making Progress 你正在进步54. You Figured It Out 你搞懂了55. Fantastic Job 干的太好了56. Hip, Hip Hurray 万岁！(喝彩声)57. Bingo 你成功了58. I Believe You'll Handle It 我确信你能行59. Magnificent 杰出的60. Marvelous 非凡的61. Terrific 太妙了62. You Really Tried 你确实尽力了63. Thanks For Helping 感谢你的帮助64. Super Job 出色完成任务65. Creative Job 创造性的完成任务66. Super Work 超级完成任务67. You're Sensational 你真令人感动68. I Like Your Work 我欣赏你的工作69. I Can See Progress 我已经看到了进步70. Exceptional Performance 非同一般的表现71. You're A Real Trooper 你真实一个好骑手72. You Are Responsible 你是负责任的73. You Are Exciting 你真令人激动74. You Learned It Right 你做对了75. Look How Far You've Come 瞧，你已经有多领先了76. What An Imagination 多么丰富的想象力！77. What A Good Listener 多么专注的听众啊！78. You Are Fun 你真有趣79. You're Growing Up 你长大了80. You Tried Hard 你尽力了81. You Care 你很认真82. Outstanding Performance 出色的表现83. You're A Good Friend 你是一个好朋友84. I Have Confidence In Your Judgment 我坚信你的判断85. I Trust You 我相信你86. You're Important 你非常重要87. You Belong 你属于我们88. You've Got A Friend 你已经得到了一个朋友89. You Make Me Laugh 你让我开怀大笑90. You Brighten My Day 你让我今天增辉不少91. I Respect You 我崇敬你92. That's Correct 正确93. You're A Joy 你真让人高兴94. You're A Treasure 你是个宝95. You're Wonderful 你真妙极了96. Awesome 真了不起97. You Made My Day 你今天真让我高兴98. That's The Best 真出色99. A Big Hug 热情拥抱你100. A Big Kiss 亲吻你101. Say I Love You! 我要说，我爱你！P.S. Remember, A Smile Is Worth 1000 Words! 附：请记住，一个微笑胜过1000句话语。
157句英语教师课堂常用语大全
157句英语教师课堂常用语大全XXX。
teachers should speak English as much as possible in class。
so that students can learn by example and XXX。
be sure to bookmark it!Beginning a class:1.Let's start class。
= It's time for class.2.Hello。
XXX.3.XXX。
XXX.4.XXX。
please.5.Who is on duty today?During class:26.Hurry。
Hurry up。
please。
= Can you please do this quickly?27.Do you understand。
= Did you follow me?28.Can you follow me。
= Did you understand what I said?29.Is that clear。
= Did you hear me clearly?30.Listen。
please。
= Please pay n to what I'm saying.31.Please listen to me。
= I need your n.Ending class:50.Any volunteers。
= Who would like to do this?51.Let's do it。
One by one。
please。
= Let's do this one at a time.52.Now you。
please。
= Would you like to try?53.Next。
please。
= Can the next person come up?54.Now (you) do the same。
英语委婉语
(1)英语中委婉语(一)有关“死亡”的委婉语人们生活中最忌讳的就是死亡，因此语言禁忌中关于死亡的委婉语大量存在。
如：pass away(逝世)，be no more(不在了)，depart(去世)，be gone(走了)，join the majority(会见老祖宗去了)，go to west(归西了)，go to glory(升天了)，go to meet one maker(见上帝)，to be at peace(平静了)，the final departure(最后离去)，final sleep(最后一觉)，to go to one S long home(回到永久之家)，to have found rest(得到安息)，in heaven(在天堂)，with God(和上帝在一起)等。
与之相对，汉语中有：“去世了”“仙逝了”，“到极乐世界去了”，“逝世”，“谢世”“过世”，“下世”，“不在了”，“走了”，“过去了”，“离开了我们”，“毙命”，“归天”，“长眠”，“与世长辞”对特殊人物还有专门的术语，如：和尚死了叫“圆寂”，皇帝死了叫“驾崩”，诸侯死了用“功甍”，妻子死了叫“断弦”，为了守节而死叫“玉碎”，执行公务而死叫“殉职”，为正义而死叫“牺牲”等。
“死亡的委婉说法还有：to be ;present at the last roll call 出席最后一次点名to be written off被勾销 t0 fall 倒下 to fire one s last shot射出最后一发子弹It S taps．熄灯号音响了to hy down one S life 放下自己的生to make the ultimate sacrifice最后的牺牲to do one S bit 尽自己的本分这些委婉语听起来很平淡，几乎无法使人联到军人那悲壮而惨烈的死。
(二)有关“疾病”的委婉语生病也是人们忌讳说的，因而东、西方人都常常用替代形式来淡化表达。
浅谈英语语言中的委婉语
浅谈英语语言中的委婉语第26卷第5期2006年1O月赣南医学院f.26ⅣD.5JOURNALOFGANNANM垦!垦墨!:浅谈英语语言中的委婉语黄燕萍(深圳大学,广东深圳518000)中图分类号:H315文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-5779(2006)05—0802—02 委婉语是使用语气较温和,含义较雅致或含糊的表达方式代替粗俗,生硬的说法.委婉语也可通俗地被称为con—fortablewords(安慰词),或cosmeticwords(美化词).委婉语不仅是一种语言现象,而且是一种文化现象.本文从语言的角度,就英语委婉语的表现手法及适用范围作一粗浅探讨.1英语委婉语的表现手法1.1采用语音手段如laboratory(实验室),原来的重读是在第一个音节[1~eborot口ri],与lavatory(厕所)接近,为了避免不悦的联想,把重读移后到第2个音节[1zeborot口ri].1.2采用语法手段1.2.1用时态方式,以一般过去时表示委婉SupposewespentnextweekinBrighton? ItmightbeagoodideaforUStoholdtwoseparatemeetings forthetwoproblems.1.2.2用否定句式,表示委婉IdontthinkhewouldbeSOcareless.Wouldntitbebetter forUStostartoffalittleearliertomorrowmorning?1.2.3用不带情态意义的would/should表示委婉ThereissomethingIshouldadviseyounottodo. Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?I'dprefertea,please.1.3采用词汇手段1.3.1语义上的扬升(glorifyingeuphemism)通过邻近原则,运用借代或比喻的手段,美化一些令人不悦或有损尊严的事物.如有些西方航空公司的机舱等级,本是一等舱(first class),改称豪华舱(deluxeclass或premiumclass);本是二等舱(secondclass),就改称一等舱;三等舱这个名称有损乘客尊严,改称商务舱(businessclass)或旅游舱(touristclass).旅客的虚荣心藉此满足,这是航空公司运用委婉语的范例. 有些旅馆的房间等级分为四个档:Deluxe;FirstClass; Standard;Private.避开了二等,三等房,与航空公司实属大同小异,大同就同在把每种规格都在语义上扬升了.1.3.2语义上的模糊(fuzzyeuphemisms)采用"含糊词语",通过泛化原则,把特定的(specific)语义给予模糊处理, 使之一般化,笼统化,泛化(generalized),来冲淡人们的嫌恶或恐惧等.如邻里有个姑娘尚未结婚就生孩子,人们就会如此评论:Shehasallaccident.再如某人遭遇不测之死,则就说成: Hehasmetwithanaccident.以上两例句都用了accident这个十分含糊的词,来达到避免令人难堪,令人伤心的效果.再如告诉对方:yourflyisopen.你(男子)裤子上的拉链(门襟)没合上.开门见山,过露过直,似乎有欠文雅.有些美国人委婉地说:you~elostyourlicense.(你遗失许可证了.) 至于什么许可证则未指明,各人可以利用其模糊性自由想....——象.也许是进入礼貌社会性的许可证(抽象理解),也许是什么特殊许可证(具体理解).但总的来说,模糊一些好,因为直接的等同联想,也随之模糊了.1.4运用借代(substitution)有同义或近义替代,即用中性或褒义的同义或近义词替换贬义的或禁忌的词语或说法,以轻言重,以褒言贬.Hewasarathereconomicalman.(economical:stingy)他是个非常俭省的人,HeWasbeensenttothebighouse.(tlleb house=prison)他已被送进监狱.1.5借用外来词,这也是一个"替代",不过代之以外来语如"厕所"的委婉语toilet来自法语toilette,意即bathroom.1.6采用省略手段.这种省略不仅体现在省略字词,而且表现在拼写上的省略,字词的省略指的是省去某些字眼,使其语义含混,或者隐去卑俗,刺耳或不礼貌的部分.例如:女人怀了孕,只说一半:Sheisexpecting.句子显然省去宾语a baby;Outofwork(失业)被略为outfuneralundertaker(殡葬承办人)省略为undertaker拼写上的省略:如lavatory(厕所)缩略为Lay. garbageman(垃圾清运工)缩略为G—man(厕所)缩略为W.C.1.7运用类比(analogy)经常见于社会职业称呼上,通过使用委婉语来应付情面和满足虚荣心理以及谋取不正当的利益.如butcher(屠夫)被称为meattechnologist(肉类技术专家)housekeeper(家庭主妇)称为domestichelp(家庭助手) garbagecollector(垃圾清运工)称为sanitationengineer1.8降格陈述(understatement)把严重事态故意轻描淡写,以照顾人们的尊严.如:学校老师不讲某学生stupid(愚钝),而是说:Heisabitslowforhisage.学生吵闹不说Thestudentisnoisy,而说成: Heneedstodevelopquieterhabitsofcommunication.1.9借助隐喻(metaphor)英语中有关"死"的说法使用大量的隐喻.如:gotohislonghome(回到永久的家)gotosleepforever(长眠)passaway/benomore/depart(去世了)1.10迂回陈述(periphrasis)即通过绕圈子以避免一些有伤体面的说法.如不说sheisme~tmating而说成Shehasgottheflagsout.她来例假了.再如不说Heisgettingwrinkles而说成Heisstartingto getcharacterline.他开始长皱纹了.1.1l借用宗教,传说及文学作品典故如die的不少委婉语来自《圣经》5期黄燕萍浅谈英语语言中的委婉语CrosstheJordan这里Jordan即基督教的冥河一分开荒原与迦南(上帝赐予亚伯拉拉举之地)的界河. handinonesaccounts出自"最后审判日"(Dayof Judgment)典故.基督教认为最后审判日人人都要把记载自己在世上所作所为的账本交给上帝加以审判.2英语委婉语的适用范围2.1常见有关职业方面的委婉语rat—catcher(捕鼠工)一exterminatingengineer;tree—trimmer(花工匠)一treesurgeon; undertaker(承办丧事的人)--mortician;hairdresser(理发员)--beautician;floor—sweeper(负责办公楼或教室的清洁工)---custodianengineer;cobbler(补鞋匠)一shoerebnilder; prostitution(卖淫)一theoldestprofessionintheworld;prostitute (妓女)一StreetWalker,businessgirl,callgirl,workinggirl, pavementprincess.2.2有关生老病死的委婉语pregnancy--Sheisexpecting; old——elderly.senior,pastonesprime;heartaRack——heart condition;venerealdisease(性病)一socialdisease;asylum(疯人院)一metalhome;die—passaway,benomore,depart; funeral——memorialservice:cemetery/graveyard——memory garden(纪念花园),deadhouse(停尸处),restingplace, permanentcamp?2.3与政治和战争有关的委婉语strike(罢工)--industrial action;debt(债务)一cashadvance(预支);economiccrisis(经济危机)--recession;concentrationcamp(集中营)--strategic village(战略村);aRack(进攻)一activedefence(积极防御); retreat(撤退)--strategicwithdrawal(战略转移)2.4有关性的委婉语havesexwith(发生性行为)一make lovewith,doit,gotobedwith,staythenightwith;freelove(非法同居)一trialmarriage(试婚);illegitimatechild(私生子)一lovechild(爱情所生);pomographicmovies(色情影片)一aduh films,X—ratedfilms(青少年不宜电影),bluefilms;Adultery (通奸)--misconduct,intimacy;homosexualpartner(用性恋伙伴)一spouseequivalent(等值配偶);rape(强奸)一assault2.5有关排泄的委婉语spit--saliva(吐痰);sweat—perspire(流汗);urination(小便)1wouldhketobeexcused. defecation(大便)Ihavetoretireforamoment./Doyou wanttomakeyourselfcomfortable?menstruation(月经)I'mawomanforaweek./I'm havingmyperiods./I'mhavingmyfriendwithme..2.6有关厕所的委婉语toilet,lavatory--washroom;bath- loom;restroom;powderloom;men/womensroom;comfortableloom;thesmallestroom; convenientloom.gotothetoilet--washoneshands.makeoneselfcomforta—ble,seeJolm,getsomefreshair,answerthenaturescall,goto stool,spendapenny,payacan.2.7有关犯罪的委婉语prison/penitentiary(监狱)--correctionalcenter(改正中心) youngn面als(少年犯)--juv~ede】irx心(行为不良少年) murder(V.)(谋杀)一talcecareof(处理)violence(暴力)一action(行动)wiretapping(窃听)--intelligencegathering(搜集情报)bursl~'y(夜窃)*--surreptitiousentry(秘密进入)crooked,duknt(欺诈的)一矗傥一wheehng(不受约束的)2.8有关贫穷的委婉语poor(贫穷)一nee(1y,underprivileged,theindigent(匮乏) bankrupt(破产)一outofthegame(竞赛出局)dismissal(解雇)一layo(季节性暂时解雇)slum(贫民窟)--substandardhousing(等外住房)2.9广告委婉语usedcar(旧汽车)--predfivenclassic(开过的第一流车) second—handfumiture(旧家具)--antiques(古董) costumejewelry(假首饰)——fashionjewelry(时尚首饰)~lle(女子紧身塔)一oml—toppantyll0se(控制E身连涞裤) 2.10有关学校中教师对学生品行,成绩的评价的委婉语教师一方面要如实反映情况,另一方面又要顾及学生的心理健康,承受能力.要缓解直言的冲击波.因此,委婉语是完全必要的.以下的婉转陈述方式是美国学校的教师经常采用的.(1)学生很笨.直言:Thestudentisobtuse.婉言:Heisabitslowforhisage.他反应较慢. Heseemstobementallyretarded.他看来智能较弱.(2)学生多门主科不及格.直言:Hehasfailed(flunked)manymajorcourses.婉言:Hehasgotlessthanapassinggradeforafewmajor coUrses.I'msorrytofindhimanunderachieverforsomemajorcour- ses.(3)学生懒惰.直言:Thestudentislazy.婉言:Probablyhehastodevotehimselfmorediligentlyto hisstudies. HeissuretogofarifhecanusehisreSOLII'CeSfully.(4)学生吵闹.直言:Thestudentisnoisy.婉言:Heneedstodevelopquieterhabitsofcommunication. (5)学生说谎.直言:Hehes.婉言:Heislikelytoembroiderthetruthabit.他往往会修饰一下事实. Hecanbecategoricallyinaccuratesometimes.他有时可能措词不够准确.(6)学生要改邪归正直言:Thestudentmustmendhisways.婉言:Heneedstobebroughtbackintothemainstream.他需要重返主流.(7)学生作弊.直言:,I1lestudentcheats.婉言:Heneedstolearnhowhelpinlearningtoadhereto rulesandstandardsoffairplay.他需要学会遵守光明磊落,条件均等的规则和标准.,以上罗列的是英语委婉语中较为常见的表现手法及其主要的适用范围,实际语言中委婉语的运用远非如此,由此可见委婉语是一种十分普遍的语言现象,委婉语运用得当可以起到直言不讳所不能达到的理想语言效果.它不仅由于被大众广为运用而倍受青昧.它在使用中所产生的维护自尊,增强信心,平衡心态,消除误解与摩擦,缓和矛盾与冲突, 达成和平与谅解的积极效果以及由此而对维护社会的安宁与和平.协调人与人之间的关系所产生的巨大作用为社会语言交际增添了许多色彩.它在运用中所表现出的特殊语言风格,语言环境特色更为社会语言交际增添了新内涵.(收稿日期:2006—04—01)-———803.-———。
美国小学老师日常用语
美国小学老师日常用语1.Let’s walk nice and quiet.安静走.2.Boys in/Girls in男生进教室/女生进教室3.Please unpack your school bag/backpack.把书本作业拿出来.4.Please hang up your coat/ jacket.把衣服挂起来5.Put the chair down./Put the chair up./Push your chair in.把椅子放下/放上/推进去.6.Stand up.起立7.Let’s pledge.宣誓.8.Sit down./Take your seat.坐下9.Go to the chalkboard.来黑板前.10.Write your name.写你的名字11.Open your book.打开书12.Read page three.读第三页.13.Close your book.把书合上.14.Put away your book.把书收好.15.Listen to the question.听提问.16.Raise your hand.举手17.No calling out.不举手就不能说话.18.May I have your attention? 听我说19.Put on your listening ears.全神贯注听.20.Put on your thinking caps..聚精会神思考.21.Excuse me/Excuse you.注意了!22.Where do you think you are?你以为你在哪儿啊?23.Go to the meeting area.到集中地坐.24.I like the way you sit.我喜欢你这样坐.pliment to Johnny.表扬约翰26.I am so proud of you.为你骄傲27.Show me your best behavior.做到最好.28.I need your cooperation.希望配合29.You are so grown up.你真懂事.30.Are there any babies here? 我们这有婴儿吗?(这是讽刺的问话)31.I can’t wait to tell your mom how good you are today.(我真想马上就告诉你妈妈你今天这么乖.32.Stop fooling around.别闹了!33.Please treat others the way you want to be treated.你想别人对你好你就要对别人好.34.Be good!乖!35.What’s the magic word?神奇的字是什么了?(小朋友忘说谢谢之类的话时)36.That’s not ni ce.这很不好.37.You are being very rude.你很没有礼貌.38.Please line up.排队.39.Please line up in size place order.按高矮排队.40.About face.转过身来.39.Could you lower your voice?能不能把声音放低点?40.Could you speak a little bit louder?能不能说大声点?41.Please sit like a pretzel.请盘腿坐好.42.Sit on your bottom, please.坐下来.43.Please keep your hands to yourself.手别碰别的东西.44.Follow directions.听指挥.45.Do what you are told.老师说啥就做啥.46.Stop tattle tailing.不要来打小报告.47.Wake up!醒醒!(有时有些学生上课走神,老师忍不住就这么说.尽量不要这么说.)48.Are you chewing a gum? Spit it out.你嚼口香糖吗?吐出来!49.Clean up.清理.收拾.50.Pack up.把书本收好.。
英语教师课堂口语常用语150句
英语教师课堂口语常用语150句Beginning A Class ( 开始上课)1. Let's start class. =It's time for class. 上课2. Hello, boys and girls / children.同学们好!3. Good morning /afternoon, boys and girls / teacher/同学们/老师们,早晨好/下午好!4.Stand up / Sit down, please.起立/请坐。
5. Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日?6. Is everyone / everybody here /present? 大家都出席了吗?7. Is anyone anybody absent? 有人缺席吗?8. Who's absent? 谁没来?9. Let's begin our class. 咱们上课吧.10. We'll start / begin a new lesson today.今天我们讲学习新课.11. What day is it today? 今天星期几?12. What's the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样?In Class ( 课堂上)13.Let's begin a new lesson.我们开始学新课。
14. We'll learn something new .我们讲学新知识。
15. Let's learn some new words/ sentences. 咱们学些新单词/句子。
16. Let's review what we learned yesterday.咱们复习一下昨天学过的内容。
17. Ready? Are you ready? 准备好了吗?18. Start. 开始。
教师英语课堂用语常用口语
教师英语课堂用语常用口语Hey there, all you English - learning enthusiasts! I'm a teacher, and today I'm gonna spill the beans on some super - useful English classroom expressions that we teachers often use.When starting a class, I usually say, "Good day, class! How are we all today?" It's like a warm - up for the whole learning session. You know, it's just like when you meet your friends and you ask how they're doing. It sets a friendly tone. And then I might add, "Are we ready to dive into the wonderful world of English?" This gets the students excited, or at least it should. I mean, who doesn't want to explore something wonderful?During the lesson, if a student is a bit distracted, I'll say, "Eyes on me, [student's name]." It's a simple but effective way to bring their attention back. It's like a little tug on their mental leash. If a student answers a question really well, I'll exclaim, "Fantastic job, [student's name]! You're on fire today!" This praise is like fuel for their motivation. It makes them feel good about themselves and encourages them to keep participating.When explaining grammar, I might say, "Think of verbs as theaction heroes of a sentence. They're the ones that do all the exciting stuff." This analogy helps students understand the role of verbs better. And if a student doesn't quite get it, I'll say, "Let me break it down for you. Verbs are like the engines of a car. Without them, the car - or in this case, the sentence - just won't go anywhere."When it comes to group work, I'll say, "Okay, now team up. Find a partner or two and let's get cracking on this activity." It's like starting a little adventure within the classroom. And if there's some confusion in the groups, I'll walk over and say, "What seems to be the hiccup here? Let's sort it out."If I want the whole class to repeat something after me, I'll say, "Repeat after me, everyone. 'I love learning English.'" It's a basic but important part of language learning. And when we're doing listening exercises, I'll tell them, "Listen up carefully, guys. This is like a treasure hunt for sounds and words."For pronunciation practice, I might say, "Open your mouths wide, like you're about to take a big bite of a delicious apple. Now say 'apple'." I use these kinds of vivid descriptions to help them getthe pronunciation right.If a student is having trouble answering a question, I'll encourage them by saying, "Don't worry, take your time. It's not a race. Just think it through." It's important to let them know that it's okay to struggle a bit.When it's time for a quiz or a test, I'll say, "All right, it's showtime! Let's see what you've learned." It gives a sense of excitement and a bit of pressure, but in a good way.When students make mistakes, I don't scold them. Instead, I'll say, "Good try, but there's a little oopsie here. Let's correct it together." This positive approach makes them less afraid of making mistakes in the future.In a role - play activity, I'll say, "Now, pretend you're in a real - life situation. You're in a restaurant, so act like it. What would you say?" It makes the learning more fun and practical.At the end of the class, I'll say, "Well, that's a wrap for today, class. Great job, everyone. Keep up the good work!" It's like a little pat on the back for all their efforts.My view is that these common English classroom expressionsare not just words. They're tools to create an engaging, positive, and effective learning environment. They can make the difference between a boring class and an exciting journey of learning English. So, for all the teachers out there, use these expressions to bring your English classes to life, and for students, know that these are the little nudges that are helping you on your language - learning path.。
英语中的委婉语
英语中的委婉语(总8页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--英语中的委婉语委婉来自希腊语，eu 是好的意思，phemism 是speech （言语）的意思，整个字面的意思是word of good omen （吉祥）或好的说法。
一般认为，凡是表示禁忌或敏感事物的含蓄、迂回或动听的语言，均属委婉语。
由此可知，委婉语不仅是人们交际的需要，更是言语交际中维系人们社会关系和人际关系的重要手段。
随着社会的进步，人类文明的发展，委婉语始终伴随着整个社会的言语交际过程，且表现出极强的言语交际功能。
由于委婉语在英语中应用比较广泛，所以了解委婉语的交际功能对于我们学好英语、进行有效的跨文化交际有很大帮助。
本文从社会语言学的角度，试图通过具体的语言实例，探究在特定的语言环境下英语委婉语的交际功能。
一、委婉语的“避讳”功能语言禁忌起源于古希腊，古罗马时期人们对神的敬畏。
在人类文明的早期，科学尚不发达，人们对一些自然现象还不能认识和解释，对人的自身也认识不足，常常因感某种神秘力量而内心深怀恐惧，在口头语言表达上为一种不愿言、不敢言，久而久之就成为一种语言的禁忌，但因相互交流的需要，有时又不得不表达出此种意思，于是人们逐渐学会了用避讳的话委婉地表达；委婉语也因而产生，并被广泛应用。
这样，避讳禁忌、消除恐惧便成了委婉语的第一功能。
例如Satan 被称为the good man，the great fellow ，Devil 被称为the Big D 及Lord of the Flies. 人们对“死亡”的恐惧必然导致大量有关“死亡”的委婉语的产生。
讲英语国家的人们和许多其他民族的人民一样，忌讳直接说“死”（to die）字，创造了很多表达“死”的意思的委婉语。
例如，人们常用“去了”（to pass away），“离别了”（to depart），“离开了我们”（to leave us），“睡着了”（to go to sleep），“去天国”（to go to heaven），“心脏停止了跳动”（one’s heart has stopped beating），等词来代替说某人“死了”（to die），因为“死”太神秘、太痛苦、太让人恐怖了。
英语中那些委婉的语句
英语中那些委婉的语句如何翻译商务英语商务语言是商务文化群体广泛使用的一种特定语言，其内容和读者有很强的针对性。
为避免日后产生异议和纠纷，商务文书的语言组织受到特别的重视，尤其注重专业规范的措辞和严谨缜密的结构等方面。
在商务翻译中，应使译文在语体和风格等方面符合目标语商务文本的特点，可以套用符合目标语习惯的地道用法，以保持译文与原文的风貌一致。
所以，商务翻译不仅要事实准确，遣词用句还要符合公函文体的特征，以体现商务信函的特点和专业水准。
对信函中某些约定俗成的、固定化的行业套语可以遵循译入语的习惯，直接套用相应的习惯表达方式;译文还应尽量使用简洁的书面语，避免使用广告体和口语体。
一、单词分译单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个小旬或者句子。
采用单词分译主要有两个目的：一是为了句法上的需要。
由于一些单词在搭配、词义等方面的特点，直译会使句子生硬晦涩，而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺，且不损伤原意。
二是为了修饰上的需要，如加强语气，突出重点等。
英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。
例：We recognize that China’s long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。
二、短语分译短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。
名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。
例1：These cheerful little trams，dating back to 1 873，chug and sway up the towering hills with bells ringing and people hanging from every opening.这些令人欢快的小缆车建于1873年，嘎嚓嘎嚓摇摆爬上高耸的山峦。
英语中的委婉语
英语中的委婉语英文euphemism（委婉语）一词系源自希腊语。
词头"eu-"的意思是"good"（好），词干"phemism"的意思是"speech"（言语），整个字面意义是"word of good omen"（吉言）或（好的说法）。
一般认为，凡是表示禁忌或敏感事物的含蓄、迂回或动听的言词，均在委婉语之列。
英语委婉语一般可分成两大类：传统委婉语（traditional euphemisms)和文体委婉语stylistic euphemisms。
所谓传统委婉语亦称是与禁忌语密切相关的。
象生、病、死、葬、性、裸、拉、撒等禁忌事物，如果直接表达，那就是禁忌语，给人的感觉是粗鄙，生硬，刺耳，无礼。
反之，如果间接表达，这就是委婉语，给人的印象是典雅，含蓄，中听，有礼。
所谓文体委婉语，亦称实际上是恭维话、溢美之词，与禁忌语并无关系。
英、美人（尤其是当代美国人）在交际过程中，为了表示礼貌，为了避免刺激，或是为了争取合作，有时会采用夸饰的手法，对一些令人不快的事物以美言相称。
英语委婉语的构成方法各种各样，丰富多彩。
一般可分为下面几种类型：构词手段，拼写手段，词汇手段，语法手段和修辞手段等。
（1）合词法（compounding)。
如：gezudna(goes+under+“床下放”，即夜壶）。
（2）反成法(backformation) 反成法是通过删除假想中的词缀来构成委婉词。
由于这种构词法产词是不大，所以造出的词大多新颖别致，用来代替常见的敏感词，也能收到委婉的效果。
如：bugle（盗窃，由burglar[夜盗]盗删去“词尾”而成，用以替代。
（3）首字母组合法(acronym)首字母组合法是将禁忌词语或敏感词语的第一个字母抽出来拼合在一起借以掩饰。
如：BM(bowel movement,大便）the Big C (癌症）（4）截短法(clipping)截短法是将一些词语斩头去尾以掩饰。
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美国教师常用的英语委婉语
教师一方面要如实反映情况，另一方面又要顾及学生的心理健康、承受能力，要缓解直言的冲击，委婉语的运用是完全必要的。
以下的婉转陈述方式是美国教师经常采用的。
1. 学生很笨
直言：The student is obtuse.
婉言：He is a bit slow for his age. (他反应较慢。
)
He seems to be mentally retarded.(他看来智能较弱。
)
2. 学生懒惰
直言：The student is lazy.
婉言：I'm afraid he has to exert himself in his study.(恐怕他在学习上对自己得施加压力。
)
Probably he has to devote himself more diligently to his studies. (可能他要在学习上更勤奋些。
)
He is sure to go far if he can use his resources fully.(如果他能充分利用其智力，他一定能学得更好。
)
He needs to raise his ambition level a bit. (他需要增加一点雄心。
)
He'd better take his lessons more seriously. (他最好更加严肃地对待他的功课。
)
3. 学生吵架
直言：The student is noisy.
婉言：He needs to develop quieter habits of communication. (他需要培养更加安静的交流习惯。
)
4. 学生说谎
直言：He lies.
婉言：He is likely to embroider the truth a bit. (他往往会修饰一下事实。
)
He has difficulty distinguishing between imaginary and factual information. (他对区别假想的还是真实的信息有困难。
)
5. 学生作弊
直言：The student cheats.
婉言：He needs help in learning to adhere to rules and standards of fair play. (在学会遵守光明磊落、条件均等的规则和标准方面他需要帮助。
)
6. 要学生改邪归正
直言：He must be taught right from wrong. (Or: He must mend his ways.)
婉言：He needs to be brought back into the mainstream. (他需要重返主流。
)
7. 学生恃强凌弱、横行霸道
直言：The student is a bully. He is quarrelsome and browbeats, frightens or hurts smaller or weaker pupils.
婉言：He needs help in learning to use his leadership qualities democratically. (他需要学会以民主的方式发挥自己的领导才能。
)。