基础班第十一讲

• 其否定式为not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如：
• This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.这本 字典不如你想象的那样有用。 • 若有修饰成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter 等，则须置于第一个as之前。例如：
Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists （脑科学家） understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things.
There is no longer any question that （毫无疑问） all learning disabilities result from（由· · · 造成） differences in the way the brain is organized.
第三段词汇准备
• 1， tell vt. 辨别 • 2， outward adj. 外在的 • 3， disorder =disease; illness;sickness
名词性从句
名词性从句
主语从句 主语从句在句中做-----表语从句在句中做-----1. That
宾语从句 主语 表语
表语从句 宾语从句在句中做-----同位语从句在句中-----
同位语从句 宾语 同位语
he will come is certain.
主语从句
2. I know that he will come.
第四段词汇准备
• 1， learning-disabled 无学习能力的 • 2， nerve cells 神经细胞
In one study, researchers examined the brain of the learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things . One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language.
4. Whether
When “什么时候”
he is coming doesn’t matter much.
主语从句不用 if
5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.
主语太长了!放到句尾
It 作主语的常用句型有:
1. It + be +形容词 + that 从句 2. It + be +名词词组(duty/pity..) + that 从句 3. It + be + 过去分词(said/thought..) + that 从句 4. It +不及物动词 (seem/happen..) + that 从句
These cells normally are white. In the learning –disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been（不以他们应该的方式 排列成行）. The nerve cells were mixed together.

注意： 用 it 作形式主语的that- 从句有以下几组：
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is known to all that… 从所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是……
The differences appeared throughout （ 遍 布 ） t h e b r a i n . Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence （ n. proof ） that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.
• Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.
• 你的袋子比我的贵一倍。
第二段词汇准备
• 1， brain scientist 脑科学家 • 2， There is no longer any question that • 毫无疑问 • 3， result from 起因于；由造成（后接原因） • result in 引起；导致（后接结果） •
He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally （没有正常发育） . “Probably(possibly)”, he said, “nerve cells there did not connect as（依照，按照） they should”. So the brain was like an electrical device（电子设备） in which the wires were crossed（线路交叉纠缠）.
The study was carried out （进行） under the guidance（instruction） of Normal Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities .Doctor Geschwind proposed （claim/present/put forward to）that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain.
You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward （ adj. 外在的） sign of the disorder （混乱，失调---- 疾病 disease ）. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.
第六段词汇准备 • 1， tissue n. 组织=organ • issue ['iʃju:, 'isju:] • n. 问题；流出；期号；发行物 • v. 发行，发布；发给；放出，排出 • 2， signal n. 信号
Other researchers did not examined(measure) brain tissue （ n. 组 织） . Instead(on the contrary/contrast) , they measured(examine) the brain ’ s electrical activity（电子活动） and made a map of the electrical signals(电子信号图).
as...as意为"和……一样"，表示同级的比较。 • 使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连
词。其基本结构为：as+ adj./ adv. +as。例如：
• (1)This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影 和那部电影一样有趣。 • (2)Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的钢 笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。
主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It
1. That he knows Japanese is known to all.
That无词义,不可省略
2. What surprised me was to see him here .
What “什么”, “所….的”
3. When he will come is unknown .
宾语从句
3. The truth is that I have been there.
表语从句
4. The
fact that she was late surprised us.
同位语从句
主语从句 位于句首
从 句 that whether who whom whose 引导词: what which when where why how
第五段词汇准备
• 1，carry out vt. 执行，进行，实行 =conduct=implement=perform • 2，guidance n. 指导=instruction • 3， propose v. 提出，指出 =claim=present=put forward to • 4，electrical devise 电子设备 • =electric apparatus 装置，设备 • 5， cross v. 交叉，使相交