定语从句、强调句和同位语从句
自-浅谈定语从句其它句型的区别
浅谈定语从句其它句型的区别在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,称为定语从句，也叫形容词性从句。
定语从句是历年高考的重点项目。
要掌握好定语从句必须注意它和其它句型的区别。
定语从句与并列句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。
1.MｒLi has ｔhｒee daｕgｈｔｅrs, nｏｎe of _＿_____ iｓan ｅnｇｉnｅeｒ．２. Mr Li ｈas threｅｄａughteｒs，ｂuｔnoｎe oｆ_____＿_is a dancer.解析：定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:并列句有像and,buｔ,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whｏm；②小题有并列连词ｂｕt，是并列句，故填代词ｔｈeｍ;定语从句与状语从句定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。
1. Iｔis the ｐlaｃeｗｈerｅwｅused to liveｙears aｇｏ. 这是我们过去惯常住的地方。
(定语从句,先行词为the pｌaｃe)2. Let’s ｇo ｗheｒe we cａn findａbetteｒjob. 我们到能找到更好工作的地方去吧。
（地点状语从句）３. Shｅis such ａkind ｇiｒｌthat we all lｉke her.(结果状语从句)4. Sｈe is sｕch ａkiｎｄgｉrl aｓｗe alｌlｉke.(定语从句)代词as在从句中充当宾语。
定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分,因此去掉它则从句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。
5.Yｏｕｋｎowｔｈｅtiｍe ｗhen thｅclass ｉs ｏveｒ?你知道下课的时间吗？(定语从句)6．It wａs already fｉve o’clｏck whｅn ｔｈｅcｌass was over.＝Ｗｈen ｔhe claｓｓｗas ｏver, ｉt waｓalready fiveｏ’clock. 当下课时己经是5点了。
各类从句及强调句的结构和用法
各类从句及强调句的结构和用法定语从句：是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。
名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be 句型。
一、限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置。
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间注意：值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, suchas towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody,something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导二、非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于inwhich, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that (in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
高考定语从句
定语从句1.概念(1)定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
2.关系词的作用：1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）3.定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。
制性定语从句或用在介词后时，不可。
1.几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:●that & which:在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样。
只用that的情况.①先行词为不定代词时。
②先行词被few, little, any, all, much, only, no, just, very, last等词修饰时。
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
⑤先行词既有人又有物。
⑥如果有两个从句，其中第一个从句的关系代词已用which 或who,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑦主句疑问词是who或which，从句关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。
eg:1.Which is the book that you like best?2.Who is the man that is standing at the gate?⑧主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词指物. eg:There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.⑨被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .eg:1.The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.2.That's a good book that will help you a lot.⑩被修饰词为数词时.eg:Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .只用which而不宜用that 的情况:①直接放在介词后作介词的宾语.eg:A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.②在非限制性定语从句中.③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .eg:Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.④先行词本身是that, 宜用which .What's that which she is looking at?⑤当关系代词后面带有插入语时.eg:Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.⑥先行词是those+复数名词.eg:A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.⑦先行词后有后置定语●who & that:who 和that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who,whom, 而不宜用that①先行词为anyone, anybody,someone,everyone, those, all, one, ones, they, he,she, people时.eg:1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once②在There be 结构中和非限制性定语从句中。
高考英语语法专题讲解-定语从句_同位语从句_强调句p7
高考英语语法专题讲解-定语从句、同位语从句、强调句1. 定语从句1.1 三步思考：（1）找出先行词；（2）看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；（3）选择合适的关联词。
1.2何时用that ？何时用which？1.2.1只能用that 的3种情况：（1）先行词被序数词最高级，以及the only 、the very the same、the last修饰过.（2）先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词.（3）先行词同时是人和物并列时.ter my father and Mr.Crosset talked of things and persons that they remembered in school.1.2.2 只能用which的情况：（1）介宾短语（2）指代前面的一件事e.g. He talked of it in a rude way which made me annoyed.1.3关系代词as（正如…）1.3.1 as在定语从句中作主语e.g.As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.We have found such material as is used in their factory. (非同一块材料)We have found such material that is used in their factory.(同一块材料)1.3.2 as在定语从句中作宾语e.g.She is remarkable, as I have told you .She wears the clothes as she did last Sunday. (穿的是同一件)She wears the clothes as her sister does. (穿的不是同一件)1.3.3 as在定语从句中作表语e.g. He was not the same person as he ( was).(省略从句谓语时只能用as)=He was not the same person that he was.1.3.4 as的固定用法:As we know, = As is known to all that/ As is known to all, …1.4 all that和whatAll that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.that引导定语从句that引导表语从句= What I know is that……What引导主语从句1.5 关系副词: where, when, why比较: This is the house where I lived 2 years ago.This is the house which I visited.I will never forget the day when I joined the army.I will never forget the day that we spent．．．．．together.The reason．．．．．． why I am calling you is to invite you to my party.T he reason you gave me yesterday cannot be accepted.The reason is that I want you to come to my party.表语从句只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就用关系副词。
强调句与定语从句
强调句与定语从句篇一：强调句和各从句的区别一、定语从句与名词性从句句式结构用法比较定语从句常易与主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句相混淆。
判断的方法是：由关系代词或副词引起的句子直接充当句中某一成分，即为名词性从句；如果这个句子修饰前面的一个名词即先行词或指代整个句子的内容，即为定语从句。
例1. (1) As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.(2) It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.比较：(1)两个句子之间有连接词，而且由逗号分隔。
根据前一分句意义“正如大家所知道的(众所周知)”分析，该句应用关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整个句子内容。
(2)两个句子之间有连接词that连接。
根据句意分析，that所引起的从句为主语从句，故该句应选用it作形式主语置于句首，引导主语从句。
例2. (1)Shenzhen is no longer what it used to be.(2) Shenzhen is no longer the place that it used to be.比较：(1)句中没有充当表语的名词，故应选用代词what(??样子)引起一个表语从句。
(2)句中表语名词the place 被it used to be所修饰，且充当其句中表语。
故应选用关系代词that指代先行词the place引起一个定语从句。
例3. (1) Please tell me the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting.(2) Please tell me why he didn’t attend the meeting.比较：(1)句中充当宾语的名词the reason被he didn’t attend the meeting所修饰，且充当句中的原因状语。
高中英语语法知识总结：定语从句
高中英语语法知识总结：定语从句下面就是小编给大家带来的高中英语语法知识总结：定语从句，希望能帮助到大家!高中英语语法知识总结：定语从句易错点1 关系代词与关系副词的混用1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用，修饰名词或代词2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:( 1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。
3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where。
易错点2 关系代词who、whom、whose的误用对于定语从句关系词的考查，首先要确定从句是什么类型的从句，然后再分析关系词在从句中的成分，最后选择正确的词。
要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力，和理解能力。
如果缺少主宾表，要用that或which，缺少状语用关系副词when，where，why，缺少定语用whose。
易错点3 关系代词that和which的误用只用which，不能用that的情况(1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成"介词+关系代词"结构来修饰表事物的先行词时，关系代词必须用which.如：☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that，如：☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
(2) 先行词为"those+表事物的复数名词"时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that。
如：☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
定语从句与同位语从句、强调句、状语从句的区别教学提纲
定语从句与同位语从句、强调句的区别一、定语从句1. 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which；关系副词有：when, where, why。
2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句（1）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。
如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。
书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。
例：This is the boy who broke the window.（2）非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。
如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。
书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。
例：I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.3. 非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”：（1）非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。
（2）非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which 代替。
例：I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.（3）由“介词+关系代词”引导时，关系代词不能用as。
（4）指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom，不能省略。
4. 在定语从句中，下列情况的关系词用that而不用which:（1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词、数词等几种词修饰或被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of等修饰时。
例：This is the best film that I have ever read.（2）先行词为all, much, little, none, few, one, something, everything, anything等不定代词时。
6种从句的区别
定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分一、定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。
因此，同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。
定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。
为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。
定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分一、定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。
因此，同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。
定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。
为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。
一、定语从句与并列句1．用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer．②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer．③Mr Li has three daughters； _____ are doctors．定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
二、定语从句与地点状语从句1.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①Rice doesn't grow well _____ there is not enough water．②I still remember the farm _____ my parents worked ten years ago．定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词＋which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。
三、定语从句与强调句1．用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①It is on the morning of May 1st __ I met Liang Wei at the airport．②It is the factory ___ Mr Wang works．强调句与定语从句的区别【原题复现】27.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village_____the hostes s cooked such a nice dinner.A. where B．that C．when D. which【语法补漏】强调句与定语从句的区别是：在定语从句中一般使用关系代词that, which，who, whom或关系副词when, where，why等,先行词(中心词)一般是名词或名词短语，而在强调句中，可以用副词、介词短语或从句来作被强调的内容。
强调句和各从句的区别
一、定语从句与名词性从句句式结构用法比较 定语从句常易与主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句相混淆。
判断的方法是：由关系代词或副词引起的句子直接充当句中某一成分，即为名词性从句；如果这个句子修饰前面的一个名词即先行词或指代整个句子的内容，即为定语从句。
例1. (1) As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2) It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 比较：(1)两个句子之间有连接词，而且由逗号分隔。
根据前一分句意义“正如大家所知道的(众所周知)”分析，该句应用关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整个句子内容。
(2)两个句子之间有连接词that连接。
根据句意分析，that所引起的从句为主语从句，故该句应选用it作形式主语置于句首，引导主语从句。
例2. (1)Shenzhen is no longer what it used to be. (2) Shenzhen is no longer the place that it used to be. 比较：(1)句中没有充当表语的名词，故应选用代词what(……样子)引起一个表语从句。
(2)句中表语名词the place 被it used to be所修饰，且充当其句中表语。
故应选用关系代词that指代先行词the place引起一个定语从句。
例3. (1) Please tell me the reason why he didn't attend the meeting. (2) Please tell me why he didn't attend the meeting. 比较：(1)句中充当宾语的名词the reason被he didn't attend the meeting所修饰，且充当句中的原因状语。
专四之定语从句
巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空
when 1) October 1, 1949 was the day______ on ______) which China was founded. (__ where 2) Beijing is the place ______ in which (____ ______) I live. why (___ for which 3) Is this the reason ____ _____) he didn’t want to see me?
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时 4.先行词被数词,序数词修饰时 5.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级 修饰时 6. 先行词既有人又有物时 7. 先行词在从句中做表语时 8. 主句以there be开头
Exercise:
1. This is all ____ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _____ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 先行词为everything，little, much ， all ， anything ， 3. The last place _____ we visited was the Great nothing, none, few 等词时， Wall. A. which B. that
B. as, is
D. that, is
3. She is very good at dance, ____ everybody knows. A. that B. where C. who D. as
定语从句和同位语从句区别归纳(最新整理)
定语从句和同位语从句的区别一、定语从句是形容词从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的；同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。
例如：1．We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。
2．We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。
例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词，其作用是修饰the news；例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对the news的进一步说明。
二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。
例如：1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
2. The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。
例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分，作从句的主语，故为定语从句；例2中的that只起连接作用，引导从句解释fact的内容，不作任何句子成分，故为同位语从句。
引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。
例如：1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。
2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。
例1是定语从句，that可省略；例2是同位语从句，that不能省略。
中考英语--that引导定语从句,同位语从句和强调句之比较
中考英语--that引导定语从句，同位语从句和强调句之比较that这个词，用法极其广泛，除了是指示代词，也是各种各样从句的连词。
这里，我们来对比其在定语从句，同位语从句和强调句中的作用。
这也是很多英语学习者容易闹不清的点。
一. 定语从句我们首先要知道，定语从句中的连词，或者说关系词，典型的作用就是代替前面所修饰的名词或者代词（即先行词）在后面的定语从句中作成分。
这个成分可以是名词性成分，比如：主语，宾语等。
也可以是副词性成分，比如各种时间状语，地点状语，原因状语等等。
that在定语从句中，属于关系代词，所以是代替所修饰的先行词在定语从句中作名词性成分，常见的就是主语和宾语：例如：The girl that danced yesterday is my sister. 昨天跳舞的女孩是我妹妹。
（此处，that代替the girl在后面的定语从句中作主语，是发出danced这个动作的主语）The boy that you spoke to is my brother. 和你说话的那个男孩是我兄弟。
（此处，that代替the boy在后面的定语从句中作宾语，是动词短语spoke to的宾语。
二. 同位语从句要理解什么是同位语从句，我们需要先理解什么是同位语。
同位语：放在同一个位置，可以画等号的两个事物或者群体互为同位关系，通常后面的叫前面的同位语。
例如：I accept your suggestion to build a bridge here.2. I accept your suggestion that a bridge should be built here. 我接受你的建议——在此处搭建一座桥。
此处，句子1中to build a bridge here=suggestion，所以to build a bridge here和suggestion互为同位关系。
通常后面的to build a bridge here是前面suggestiond的同位语。
从句语法详讲：主语从句、表语从句、状语从句、定语从句、同位语从句
《高中英语语法详细讲解》主语从句（3-5）、同位语从句（5-9）、表语从句（9-12）、定语从句（12-22）、非限制性定语从句（22-24）、状语从句（24-37）一、名词性从句百科名片在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句高考热点透视1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It答案D。
当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。
此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。
此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）A．how B．after C．what D．when答案C。
从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid答案：D。
宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
(完整版)定语从句、同位语从句和强调句
必修二Unit1定语从句、同位语从句和强调句➢定语从句和同为语从句的区别1.从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief， suggestion， proposal, word，thought， doubt， truth， possibility, promise， order等表示抽象意义的名词。
而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。
如:We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题。
（同位语从句）Word came that he had gone abroad.据说他已经出国了。
(同位语从句）The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面。
(定语从句,名词the doctor作先行词）Our team has won the game， which makes us very happy.（定语从句，which代表前面提到的整个句子）His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。
（定语从句，代词all作先行词）2.从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。
如：The news that our team has won the game is true。
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
(同位语从句，补充说明news的内容。
）The news （that） he told me yesterday is true。
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
专题05 定语从句 -2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中考点(人教版20219必修第一册)
不能用which 不能用that
Do you know the boy ___ ____ your mother is talking?2. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.3. I still remember the day ___ ______ I first got to Paris.4. He has three brothers, ____ ______ Li Lei is the youngest one.
He came up with a suggestion, _______ proved to be more than practical.This is the great moment to ________ I look forward.
that
that
that
that
that
which
which
She is a beautiful girl.
名词
Amy is a woman teacher.
名词所有格/形容词
Lucy's father is a poor worker．
代词
My brother is a teacher.
副词
They live in the room above.
介词短语
定语从句
CHAPTER 2
定从的分类
是指先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往用逗号隔开。
定语从句讲解及区别
Ⅰ. 概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose、as 、常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when、why、where The student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 定语从句三步:Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法:●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything ( that) you like. (宾语)4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.(表语)7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。
专题04 定语从句(解析版)(全国通用版)-高考英语复习
专题04 定语从句定义I. 定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。
被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
Ⅱ. as与which的区别：Ⅱ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：一、考点聚焦1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点：Ⅱ先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.Ⅱ关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
关系副词：when, where, why。
that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。
（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被Ⅱ形容词最高级Ⅱ序数词Ⅱ数词Ⅱonly、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。
三级语法之强调同位语和倒装
THAT (同位语从句/强调句/代指)1. 强调句It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who+其他2.同位语从句和定语从句的差别：都放在名词之后，但同位语从句通常放在某些名词之后，如fact, order, news, suggesti on, advice等。
是对名词内容进行解释和说明的。
同位语从句的连接词通常是“that”,“that”不在句中充当任何成分。
定语从句的连接词要充当一个成分。
3.代指前一事物, 避免重复.1.. It was becaus e I wanted to buy a dictio nary_______I went downto wn yester day.A) but B) and C) why D) that2. It is becaus e he was too concei ted________ he failed in the interv iew.A．so B．so that C．that D．theref ore3. What do you thinkof his suggesti on_______ we all attend the meetin g?A. whichB. whethe rC. thatD. what4. It was because I wanted to buy a dictio nary________ I went downto wn yesterday.A. butB. andC. whyD. had5. This book is design ed for the learne rs_____nati ve langua ge are not English.A. whoseB. whichC. whoD. that6. She got to know the youngman very well_______she had worked for so long.A. to whomB. in whomC. whomD. with whom7. We were all excite d at the news________ our annual saleshad more than double d.A. whichB. thatC.itD. what8. With the introd ucing of the comput er ,librari es todayare quitedifferent form______t hey were in the past.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. those9. The hotel _____d uring the vacati on was rather poorly manage d.A. as I stayedB. whereI stayedC. whichI stayedD. what I stayed10. Because of the reducti on of air polluti on, this city now is a good place________.A. whereto liveB. whichto liveC. to liveD. to be lived11. She wanted to know _______ childi t was on the grass.A. thatB. whoseC. whatD. whom12. This is the microscope_______whic h se have had so much troubl e.A. atB. fromC. ofD. with13. He got a messag e from Miss Zhang________ Professor Wang couldn’t see him the followi ng day.A. whichB. whomC. thatD. what.14. The grainout put of this year is much higher than _______of last year.A. thatB. suchC. whichD. until倒装句倒装Inve rsion meanschangi ng the normal word orderin a senten ce by puttin g part or all of the verb groupin frontof the subjec t. 谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。
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定语从句、同位语从句与强调句一、定语从句1、定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which；关系副词有：when, where, why。
2、非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”：（1）非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。
（2）非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which 代替。
例：I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.（3）由―介词+关系代词‖时，关系代词不能用as。
（4）指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom，不能省略。
3、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。
（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
例：He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
例：The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。
例：Which are the books that you bought for me ?4、几个特殊的定语从句句型：（1）He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）（2）Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?（3）He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.（4）It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.5、定语从句的做题方法：（1）找出主句，确定先行词；（2）找出从句，判断从句是否完整(是否符合简单句的基本构成)——否，用关系代词；是，用关系副词。
二、同位语从句1、同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导.例：The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2、同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
例：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.三、强调句1、强调句型的基本结构：It is/was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语、宾语补足语或状语等) + that/who +句子的其余部分。
例：It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street. (强调时间状语)2、强调句中含有not until的句子在强调not until句型时，not 位于until从句前，主句谓语动词作相应变化，即it is (was) +not until从句+that +其它。
例：It was not until he had finished the work that he went home.四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1、定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
2、定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
例：（1）The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）（2）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）注意：当主句的谓语部分过短时，同位语从句放在谓语动词的后面，以免头重脚轻，句子不平衡。
例：Word came that our team had won the game.五、定语从句与强调句的区别1、定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。
2、强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。
3、强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
例：It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）练习：1、1．He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school．A．which B．who C．it D．that2．His uncle works in a factory bicycles are made．A．that B．which C．where D．there3．There is no dictionary you can find everything．A．that B．which C．where D．in that4．Next month, you’ll spend in your hometown is coming．A．which B．that C．when D．where5. It was on 12 May,2008______the earthquake of Wenchuan county,Sichuan provimce happened.A.sinceB.whichC.thatD.when.6．Next month, you’ll be in your hometown is coming．A．which B．that C．when D．where7．He wanted to know the time he needed to know ．A．that B．when C．where D．what8．There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities．A．that B．which C．where D．as9．They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English ．A．that B．which C．as D．what10. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted intouniversities.A. whileB. thatC. whenD. as11．Crusoe’s dog became ill and died , made him very lonely ．A．as B．which C．that D．this12. It was not until midnight __ they reached the camp site.A .that B. when C. while D. as13. There’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever.A. thatB. whichC. of whichD. what14．has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules．A．Which B．WhatC．That D．As15. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，which is theinformation ____ has been put forward.A. whatB. thatC. whenD. as16．Do you know the man ?A．whom I spoke B．to who I spokeC．I spoke to D．that I spoke17. It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance.A. whichB. itC. thatD. this18. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation __ he was likely to lose control over the plane.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. why19. when was it you called me yesterday?A. untilB. thatC. thenD. so20．The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp ．A．with which B．with it C．with that D．Which21、Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered.A. whatB. in whatC. whichD. in which22、I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ____ help I would never have got this far.A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. which23、By 16:30, ____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. whichB. whenC. whatD. that24、Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where25、It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.A. what; thatB. that; whatC. that; whichD. which; that1-5 D C C A C 6-10: C A D A B 11-15: B A A D B 16-20: C C A B A21-25 DBAC A。