浙江工商大学应用随机过程2013--2015年考博真题/博士研究生入学考试试题

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浙江工商大学_保险精算学2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

浙江工商大学_保险精算学2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

1 浙江工商大学2013年博士研究生入学考试试卷(B )卷
招生专业:金融学 考试科目:保险精算学
考试时间:3小时 总分:100分
1、 试指出构造圣彼得堡悖论想要说明的问题。

另外,如果取效用函数为自然对数函数,
在期望效用相同的意义下,请给出合理的参赌门票价值。

(15分)
2、 试详细解释论述损失再保险的最优性, 以及在自留风险的方差给定,且考虑具有安全加
成条件下,比例再保险的思想。

(20分)
3、 设有n 个相互合作的保险人,使用的是指数效用函数,试详细叙述利用共保来降低保费
的机理。

(15分)
4、 何为Allai 悖论?试从概率论和经济学的角度,谈谈你对Allai 悖论的认识。

(15分)
5、 试利用破产时刻损失额的分布关系,推导出初始资金为零时,破产概率的表达公式,并
且指出该表达式与索赔额分布之间的关系。

(10分)
6、 试求随机和∑=N k k X 1的概率分布,当N 为参数为λ的泊松分布,索赔额k X 为独立同分布、
且参数为p 的伯努利分布。

当索赔额分别为指数分布和常数的场合,又有何结果?(10分)
7、 对于保险中常用的分布IB X =,这里,1=I ,如果有一个索赔,0=I ,如果没有索
赔,而随机变量B 是有索赔时的索赔额。

试推导出X 的期望、方差与矩母函数公式。

当索赔分别为泊松分布和帕累托分布的场合,结论如何?注:帕累托分布的密度表达式为:1()f x x αααβ+=
(15分)
答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效 第 1 页(共 1 页)。

浙江工商大学2015年考博各科复习资料推荐

浙江工商大学2015年考博各科复习资料推荐

浙江工商大学2015年考博各科复习资料推荐2014年各大院校的考博复试工作已基本上完成,对于那些打算重新考博和计划2015考博的同学们来说,此时正是复习的大好时机。

下面是考博成功的考生为大家推荐的2015考博复习书目,但愿可以帮助大家2015考博复习顺利!(星号表示重要程度)注:部分推荐书目可能因出版年份或出版社变化名字有所不同,请大家自行甄别选购。

数学:1、复习指南:李永乐李正元《数学复习全书(经济类)》*****,同样效用的有陈文登的《数学复习指南(经济类)》****,不过文登的重技巧,精华在微积分,永乐的重基础,而且从近三年的考试来看,全书更加适合考博,文登的有部分内容超纲。

如果已经买了文登那本复习指南,强烈推荐再买本永乐的《线性代数辅导讲义》*****,因为永乐的线代深入浅出,非常好,可以弥补文登的线代那部分的不足。

想考更高分的战友可以两本都选(个人认为全书是必备的);2、历年真题:最好的有两个版本,一个是永乐的《历年试题解析》*****,好处在于按章节分类,题目后面还有评注,历年试卷放前面可以自测;另一个西安交大的武忠祥的《历年数学考博试题研究》****,好处在于按章节分类,还有考试考点分析和分类统计。

每章后面有同步练习。

如果买不到这两本,其他任何版本的真题都一样***。

还有一个推荐大家买的就是可以单买一本聚焦FOCUS的考博真题集*****,性价比极高,只要2元,多买两本都不会亏,因为真题多做几遍分数就多长几分。

详解就算了。

联系我们扣扣:四九三三七一六二六。

电话:四零零六六八六九七八。

3、模拟题:李永乐《数学全真模拟经典400题》至少做三遍*****。

其他的模拟题不要多买,虽然说是题海战术,但是太多了浪费,而且不做影响心情。

恩波的模拟题***,考试虫的模拟题***,可以下载到合工大的题目最好****,跟真题比较接近4、辅导书有《考博数学单项选择题解题方法与技巧》****和概率论与数理统计讲义(提高篇)****。

浙江工商大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试卷

浙江工商大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试卷

年硕士研究生入学考试试卷(A )卷考试时间:3小时_________倍;完全湍流时其阻力损失当管道上的阀门开度减小后,管道总阻力损失 。

(减__________;离心泵必须安装在一定高度之下,其目的是为了防止_________,沸点逐效________,各效产生的二次,结合水分含________,________和________。

y A ________,萃余相的组成x A _________。

(增大、减小或9. 板框压滤机一个完整操作周期所包括的总时间为_____时间、_____时间与______时间之和。

10. 用清水吸收空气~氨气混合气体中的氨气,该过程通常属于_______控制的吸收过程,若其它条件不变,而清水用量增加,则吸收率将________。

11. 一台列管式换热器,已知冷流体侧的对流传热系数α1为50W/m 2·k ,热流体侧对流传热系数α2为8000W/m 2·k ,要提高总传热系数K ,最简单有效的途径是 ( );(A). 设法减小α1 (B). 设法增大α2 (C). 同时增大α1和α2 (D). 设法增大α112. 过滤常数K 与下列参数无关的是 ( );(A). 滤液的黏度 (B). 过滤面积 (C). 滤浆的浓度 (D). 滤饼的压缩性13. 流体在管内作完全湍流时,粗糙管的摩擦系数 ( );(A). 仅与ε/d 有关 (B). 仅与Re 有关 (C). 与Re 和ε/d 都有关 (D). 不确定14. 干燥实验中,干燥器进口温度计最小分度是0.1℃,下面是几位同学对同一温度的实验记录,哪一种表述方式是正确的_______。

( );(A). 65℃ (B). 65.0℃ (C). 65.014℃ (D). 65.97℃15. 要提高降尘室的生产能力,应该采取的措施是 ( );(A). 增加降尘室的高度 (B). 增加降尘室的底面积(C). 增大含尘气体的流速 (D). 都可以二、(20分)用一常压气流干燥器干燥某种食品物料,要求其干基含水量从X 1=0.14kg 水/kg 绝干物料降到X 2=0.04 kg 水/kg 绝干物料,干燥器的生产能力G C 为2000kg/h (以绝干产品计);空气进入干燥器时湿含量H 1为0.005kg 水/kg 干空气,温度t 1为120O C ,空气出干燥器时湿含量H 2为0.035kg 水/kg 干空气,按理想干燥过程计算,试求:(1) 蒸发水分量W ,(kg/h );(8分)(2) 干空气消耗量V ,(kg 干空气/h );(8分)(3) 空气出干燥器时的温度t ,(℃)。

浙江工商大学_中级微观经济学2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

浙江工商大学_中级微观经济学2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

浙江工商大学2013年博士研究生入学考试试卷(A )卷 招生专业: 经济学 考试科目:中级微观经济学
考试时间:3小时 总分:100分
1、完全竞争且不存在外部性时的均衡价格为什么可以实现社会福利最大化(15分)。

2、在一个双寡头垄断市场中,设反需求函数的方程式为:
()212120
185)(q q q q p +-
=+ 并且,设两个企业的成本函数分别为: 21111200
193000)(q q q c +
+= 和 22222200183500)(q q q c ++= (1) 试求出最优反应函数的方程式,并在同一坐标系上画出每个企业的最优反应函数,
标明古诺均衡点(10分)。

(2) 试通过求解最优反应函数方程式得出古诺均衡产量和古诺均衡价格(10分)。

3、假设A 和B 两家企业在生产过程中存在外部不经济,一定时期内A 的生产将导致B 的收益下降α,如果B 自己处理外部不经济需求投入成本为β,A 处理投入成本为γ,外部效应不存在时双方的收益均为λ。

并且α>β>γ。

试用完全信息静态博弈的方法结合科斯定理分析可能出现的均衡结果(20分)。

4、应用埃奇沃斯图解释某一点如何表示两个消费者购买的两种产品市场产品组合,并推导出其中一种产品的供求曲线(20分)。

5、假设市场需求函数为P Q 10500-=,成本函数为c=40Q ,试计算完全垄断时的价格产量,完全竞争时的价格和产量,并计算垄断的消费者福利损失(15分)
6、简述福利经济学第一和第二定理,并分析福利经济学第二定理对于解决分配和效率问题的意义(10分)。

答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效 第1页(共1页)。

浙江工商大学金融学2013年考研专业课初试真题

浙江工商大学金融学2013年考研专业课初试真题

浙江工商大学2013年博士研究生入学考试试卷(B)卷
招生专业:金融学考试科目:金融学
考试时间:3小时总分:100分
一、何谓货币政策的名义锚?名义锚具有什么样的作用?(共20分)
二、中央银行是否应对资产价格泡沫作出反应?货币政策是刺破资产价格泡沫的有效工具吗?(共20分)
三、汇率频繁波动。

“与股票价格一样,汇率同样遵循随机游走特征”这种判断对吗?汇率超调是汇率频繁波动的一个原因,请阐述汇率超调的经济学原理。

(共20分)
四、货币政策影响总需求的途径被称为货币政策传导机制,请分类讨论各种可能的途径。

(共20分)
五、弗里德曼的一个著名论断是“无论何时何地,通货膨胀无一例外都是货币现象”。

如果这个论断是正确的,那么需求拉动型通货膨胀与成本推进型通货膨胀如何与这个论断相容。

(共20分)
答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效第1页(共1页)。

浙江工商大学统计理论与方法(含应用数理统计)(A卷)2013年考博专业课初试真题

浙江工商大学统计理论与方法(含应用数理统计)(A卷)2013年考博专业课初试真题
浙江工商大学2013级博士研究生入学考试试卷(A) 招生专业:统计学 考试科目:统计理论与方法 考试时间:3小时
一、为什么说统计学既是科学也是艺术?(20分) 二、如何看待统计模型的作用?(20分) 三、为什么说统计研究是定性分析与定量分析相结合?(20分) 四、著名统计学家C.R.劳认为,不确定性的产生是由于缺乏足够的信息或缺乏足 够的知识去利用有效的信息,你如何理解这句话的含义?(10) 是未知参数,利用总体 X 的如下样本值:3,1,3,0,3,1 ,2,3求参数 的矩估计值和最大似然估计值。(16分) 六、设正态总体 N ( , 2 ) 的方差 2 已知,均值只可能取 0 和 1 (大于 0 ), X 为总体的容量为 n 的样本均值, u 为标准正态分布的上 分位数,在给定显 著性水平 下,检验假设:
H 0 : 0 , H1 : 1 0
(1)写出检验统计量和拒绝域,并求犯第二类错误的概率 ; (2)给定犯两类错误的概率 , ,求样本容量 n 满足的关系式。 (共14分,每小题均为7分)

浙江工商大学_旅游综论2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

浙江工商大学_旅游综论2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

浙江工商大学2013年博士研究生入学考试试卷(A)卷
考试科目:旅游综论
考试时间:3小时总分:100分
一、简答题(共5题,每题8分,共计40分)
1.促成第二次世界大战后旅游活动迅速恢复与发展的主要因素是什么?
2.简述我国旅游业的基本构成。

3.简析旅游业的成本结构及成本和收益(可手绘草图说明)。

4.简析在衡量旅游经济对GDP贡献中的相关难题。

5.简述影响旅游场地设计的因素。

二、论述题(共4题,每题10分,共计40分)
1.不论是国际旅游还是国内旅游,在游客流发展方面都具有某些共同的规律。

论述旅游者在流向与流量方面变化与发展的基本法则及与游客流有关的一些发展趋势,并解释其形成的主要原因。

2.请您从旅游目的地、旅游客源地、旅游目的地与客源地相关联视角论述影响和限制旅游需求变量的类型有哪些,并说明原因。

3.论述旅游目的地规划相关问题、规划的基本程序。

4.2013年2月,国务院办公厅印发《国民旅游休闲纲要(2013—
2020年)》。

请结合实践,分析如何在旅游目的地规划中深入贯彻该纲要。

三、分析题(共1题,共计20分)
仔细阅读本段文字后,回答下面两个问题:
景阳冈旅游区在山东聊城阳谷县城外1.6公里处,交通便捷,属暖温带季风气候。

旅游区面积2.35平方公里,树木茂密,杂草遍野,丘陵地貌,呈卧虎形,冈高。

浙江工商大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试卷

浙江工商大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试卷

浙江工商大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试卷(A)卷考试科目:813 概率论与数理统计总分:150分考试时间:3小时1.(本题10分)某物品成箱出售,每箱20件,假设各箱中含0件、1件次品的概率分别为0.8和0.2,一顾客在购买时,他可以开箱任取三件检查,当这三件都是合格品时,顾客才买下该箱物品,否则退货。

试求:(1)顾客买下该箱物品的概率;(2)现顾客买下该箱物品,问该箱确无次品的概率.2.(本题10分)设事件满足,,问事件是否相互独立?3.(本题10分)设随机变量的概率密度函数为,试求和.4.(本题20分)设二维随机变量的联合分布律为求:(1)常数c;(2)随机变量的边缘分布律;(3)在条件下的条件分布律;(4)的分布律;(5)与是否独立.5.(本题15分) 设(X,Y)的概率密度为, 求 (1) A的值; (2) 两个边缘概率密度;(3)求概率密度.6.(本题15分) 某工厂的金属加工车间有80台机床,它们的工作是相互独立的,设每台机车的电动机都是2千瓦的,由于资料检修等原因,每台机床只有70%的时间在工作,试求要供应该车间多少千瓦的电才能以0.99的概率保证此车间的生产用电?7.(本题10分)(1)试描述同分布的中心极限定理.(2)应用同分布的中心极限定理证明 定理,即设是次贝努利试验中成功的次数,在每次试验中成功的概率为,试证,对,一致地有答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效第 1页(共 2 页).8.(15分)证明:统计量与独立,其中为从正态总体简单随机抽样得到的容量为2012的的样本.9. (10分)设随机变量的密度函数为,是来自总体的容量为的样本,试求的极大似然估计.10. (20分)是取自正态总体的一个容量为150的样本,记,,(1)证明下面三个估计量均是的无偏估计;(2)问在形式为(为任一实数)估计类中是否存在一个方差最小的估计?若存在,请求出这个估计;若不存在,请说明理由. 11. (15分)设有两项投资记为和,分别服从正态分布和。

浙江工商大学财务会计理论(B卷)2013年考博专业课初试真题

浙江工商大学财务会计理论(B卷)2013年考博专业课初试真题

浙江工商大学2013年博士研究生入学考试试卷(B)卷
考试科目:财务会计理论
考试时间:3小时总分:100分
一、简答题(15分)
1993年1月21日,《华尔街日报》报道通用电气公司1992年第4季度收入上涨6.2%至13.4亿美元,每股收益1.57美元,创造了一个新纪录且全年收入为47.3亿美元,每股盈余5.51美元。

在对异常项目调整后,1992年的正常营业收入比上一年增长10%左右。

《华尔街日报》也报道了财务分析师的预测:第四季度每股盈余1.61美元,全年每股盈余5.50-
5.60美元,一位财务分析师仍评价通用电气公司1992年“业绩尚不错”。

然而,在第4季度盈利宣告同一天,纽约证券交易所通用电气公司股价下跌了1.50美元每股。

要求:(1)给出三个理由,解释公司盈利上升而股价下跌现象;(9分)(2)用CAPM来解释新信息如何导致股价下跌,不要求进行计算。

(6分)
二、简答题(15分)
X公司是一家采用保守高质量会计政策的高速发展的上市公司,Y公司是发展缓慢的公司,它采用市价计量资本成本并进行摊销。

两个公司具有相同的规模、资本结构和类似的β值。

要求:(1)X公司和Y公司在今年披露的都是好消息,那么请问哪个公司的市场盈余反应系数(ERC)更高?请解释原因。

(7分)(2)如果相对于Y公司来讲,X公司有较高的负债权益比率和β值,请问(1)的答案是否需要修改?请解释原因。

(8分)
三、论述题(20分)。

浙江工商大学_应用随机过程2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

浙江工商大学_应用随机过程2013年_考博专业课真题试卷
2
变 量 ; 且 对 任 意 的 t , W (t ) 与 R 均 独 立 。 令 X (t ) W (t ) R , 求 随 机 过 程
X (t ), t 的 均 值 函 数 、 相 关 函 数 和 协 方 差 函 数 。
6. ( 本 题 10 分 ) 若 强 度 为
Yt n ,
n 1 Nt
Poisson 过 程 , 且 与
对任意 t 0,
(1) 求
Yt 的 特 征 函 数 ;(2) 若 1 的 二 阶 矩 存 在 ,求 Yt 的 期 望 和 方 差 ;(3)
证 明 Yt 是 一 个 独 立
增量过程。 2. ( 本 题 15 分 ) 一 质 点 在 1,2,3 三 个 点 上 作 随 机 游 动 , 1 和 3 是 两 个 反 射 壁 , 当 质 点 处 于 2 时 ,下 一 时 刻 处 于 1,2,3 是 等 可 能 的 。写 出 一 步 转 移 概 率 矩 阵 ;判 断 此 链 是 否 具 有 遍 历性,若有,求出其极限分布。 3. ( 本 题 10 分 ) 若 X 1 , X 2, 是 独 立 同 分 布 的 随 机 变 量 序 列 , 令 m(t ) E (e 假 定 m(t ) , 令 S0 0, S n =
答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效
第 2 页(共 2 页)
答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效
第 1 页(共 2 页)
7. ( 本 题 10 分 ) 设 {B(t ), t
0} 为
Brown 运 动 , (1) 对 任 意
2
s 0, t 0且 s t , 求
为 鞅。 0}
的 联 合 概 率 密 度 函 数 ; (2) ( B (s ),B (t )) 8. ( 本 题 10 分 ) 设 {B (t ), t 为 0}

浙江工商大学_中级宏观经济学2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

浙江工商大学_中级宏观经济学2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

浙江工商大学2013年博士研究生入学考试试卷(A )卷
考试科目:中级宏观经济学
考试时间:3小时 总分:100分
一、简述题(每小题10分,共计20分)
1、简述生命周期-持久收入假说。

2、解释J 曲线效应。

二、计算题(每小题20分,共计40分)
1、一经济体C=100+0.8(1-t )Y ,
I=200-1000i ,
L=Y/2-7000i ,
如果t=1/3,G=700,M/P=500,试求(保留两位小数):
(1) IS 曲线
(2) LM 曲线
(3) 预算赤字的初始值是多少?
2、考虑一经济体,生产函数为1/43/4Y K N ,
(1)该生产函数是一阶齐次的吗,为什么?
(2)写出该生产函数人均形式。

(3) 如果资本和劳动的存量都增加50%,潜在的产出增长率将处于什么水平?资本-劳动比率会提高吗?
三、论述题(每小题20分,共计40分)
1、新古典主义经济学和新凯恩斯主义经济学是宏观经济学中主要的两大流派,请比较它们的基本假设和理论观点,并请结合中国经济发展现实谈谈你对如何运用这些理论的看法。

2、结合所掌握的宏观经济理论知识,谈谈你对以城镇化推动经济增长的看法?
答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效 第1页(共1页)。

浙江工商大学_企业管理信息系统前沿理论2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

浙江工商大学_企业管理信息系统前沿理论2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

浙江工商大学2013年博士研究生入学考试试卷(B)卷
考试科目:企业管理信息系统前沿理论
考试时间:3小时总分:100分
1、从数据仓库中使用模型提高辅助决策效果,说明研究综合决策支持系统的必
要性。

(25分)
2、试述结构化开发方法、面向数据结构开发方法、面向对象开发方法和计算机辅助软件工程方法的各自特点?(25分)
3、为适应市场的需要,某市提出扩大电视机生产的两个方案。

一是建大厂,二是建小厂,两者的使用期都是10年。

建大厂需投资600万元,建小厂需投资280万元,两个方案的每年益损值及销售自然状态如下表所示。

同时为了慎重起见,后一方案是先建小厂试生产3年,如果发现市场销售好时再进行扩建。

根据计算,扩建需投资400万元,可使用7年,每年盈利190万元,试应用决策树法选出合理的决策
方案。

(20分)
自然状态概率建大厂年收益(万元)建小厂年收益(万元)
销售好0.720080
销售差0.3-4060
4、案例分析题:(30分)
随着IT的飞速发展,企业面临的竟争环境发生了根本性变化,如顾客需求瞬息万变,技术创新不断加速,竞争日趋激烈。

在这种形势下,企业管理必须转变,从粗放经营向成本控制转变,从部门管理到企业级协同管理转变。

只有这样,才能适应竞争形势的变化。

(1) 技术落后无法满足现行经营管理的需求
答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效第页(共4页)
1。

2015年浙江大学博士研究生入学考博英语历年真题试题(2010-2014)

2015年浙江大学博士研究生入学考博英语历年真题试题(2010-2014)

2015年浙江大学考博英语历年真题(2010-2014)目录2014年浙江大学考博英语真题 (2)2013年浙江大学考博英语真题 (14)2012年浙江大学考博英语真题 (23)2011年浙江大学考博英语真题 (34)2010年浙江大学考博英语真题 (40)2014年浙江大学考博英语真题1.听力Part A 原文:In my opinion, technology has become too advanced. I am 17-years-old, and I can still remember a time when I did not have a computer in my home, and if you did, it was uncommon. Not until the mid-1990s was it common for(middle class families)to have computers. In our society today, almost every single family has at least one computer if not more, and these computers are incredibly advanced compared to what you'd have had in your home a short ten years ago. Over the years, I have seen technology bloom; all I have known my entire lifetime, is that there is going to be something bigger, I should really say smaller, and better (out on the market)in no time. I can't believe how fast manufacturers are coming out with new technology. What will happen in the future, will technology become so advanced is changes the course of our humanity? You can do everything you want from a computer, work, play,(talk to friends), research, and even order food! A person could live their entire life jammed up in a room with a computer, and they would have access to everything they need! It is insane! The advances in communication technology are blowing up all over the place as well. I, myself just bought a new camera phone, and this phone is amazing. The picture quality is superb, and not only that but I (have access to the)internet on my PHONE! I can't believe how the cell phone market has so drastically increased. The first phone I ever had was five years ago, when I was 12 years old. That phone today would be considered huge, clunky, heavy, and "old". I personally couldn't even imagine myself walking around with that phone (without being embarrassed). It just goes to show how much things have changed in five years, and people just keep on taking it all in. Every time I have bought a new phone since that point, six months later, I have wanted a new one because my phone was not up to date. Can you believe it, after not even a year a phone can completely go off the market because it is not advanced enough? The manufacturers are putting these things out faster than people can buy them.2. 听力Part B 原文括号内为答案It is an honor to speak with you today on the issue of(public health disparities). I would first like to thank the organizations that made this event possible. This has truly been a collaborative effort among a diverse group of constituents. I think this sets a positive tone and precedent for a healthy and spirited discussion. As many of you may know, reforming and improving our health care system is an issue that is close to my heart. I believe that in the richest and most powerful country in the world, we ought to be able to provide (basic health care)to all of our citizens. It is vitally important that we lessen the impact and burden of illness on all people in communities, regardless of race, gender, or religions. Our discussions today are critically important to rectify the injustices that many p eople face in our current health care system. Today‟s sessions have a greater purpose than mere discussions and networking opportunities----today‟s conference signifies an increased and (necessary call for action)among our region‟s top health professional s. Public health is directly connected to poverty, income, education, and community. We cant‟ look at health care in a silo and assume it is only a luxury for the well off. Health care needs to be provided to all people of all color. We are morally responsible for (improving the disparities in health care)because a healthy society is the foundation on which we build our schools, our neighborhoods, and our economy. Health care is not a privilege----it is a right. I know we have along road to travel inachieving equality in health status. I know that everyone here knows this. And I am hopeful that perhaps more people than ever are(finally waking up to this reality).Part C1 原文3个选择题There were very few places in the world that Jules Verne, the writer,, did not visit. He went round the world a hundred times or more. Once he did it in eighty days, unheard of in the nineteenth century. He voyaged sixty thousand miles under the sea, toured around the moon, exploded the center of the earth, and chatted with natives in Australia. Jules Verne, the man, was a stay-at-home. He was more likely to be tired from writing than from traveling. He did make a few visits to Europe and North Africa. And he made one six-week tour of New York State. But that was all. He spent less than one of his seventy-seven years really traveling. Yet he was the world‟s most extraordinary tourist. His books are crowded with hunting and fishing expeditions. Jules actually went hunting only once. Then he raised his gun and shot off the guard‟s hat! He neve r held a test tube in his hand. But he was an inspiration to the scientist in the laboratory. Long before radio was invented, he had TV working in his books. His name for it was phono-telephoto. He had helicopters fifty years before the Wright brothers flew their first plane at Kitty Hawk. In fact, there were few wonders of the twentieth century that this man of the nineteenth century did not foresee. In his stories you can read about neon lights, moving sidewalks, air-conditioners, sky-scrapers, guided missiles, tanks, electrically operated submarines, and air-planes,and so on.第一个问题问这个人是干什么的选the writerPart C2 原文第2篇3个选择题Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values—this can‟t be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old. Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results will be. And at what point should you stop to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by seeking the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You can‟t ask doctors or scientiststo decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on t he principle that while there‟s life, there‟s hope.第三篇Animals do not possess a language in the true sense of the word. In the higher vertebrates, as also in insects, particularly in the socially living species of both great groups, every individual has a certain number of inmate movements and sounds for expressing feelings. It has also innate ways of reacting to these signals whenever it sees or hears them in a fellow-member of the species. The highly social species of birds such as the jackdaw or the graylag goose, have a complicated code of such signals which are uttered and understood by every bird without any previous experience. The perfect co-ordination of social behaviour which is brought about by these actions and reactions conveys to the human observer the impression that the birds are talking and understanding a language of the own. Of course, this purely innate signal code of an animal species differs fundamentally from human language, every word of which must be learned laboriously by the human child. Moreover, being a genetically fixed character of the species—just as much as any bodily character—this so-called language is, for every individual animal species, ubiquitous in its distribution. Obvious though this fact may seem, it was, nevertheless, with something akin to naïve surprise that I heard the jackdaws in northern Russia “talk” exactly the same, familiar “dialect” as my birds at home in Altenberg. The superficial similarity between these animal utterances and human languages diminishes further as it becomes gradually clear to the observer that the animal, in all these sounds and movements expressing its emotions, has in no way the conscious intention of influencing a fellow member of its species. This is proved by the fact that even geese or jackdaws reared and kept singly make all these signals as soon as the corresponding mood overtakes them. Under these circumstances the automatic and even mechanical character of these signals becomes strikingly apparent and reveals them as entirely different from human words.二.(15题,15分)单选题(顺序打乱了)The two friends sat in a corner and __B__ away to each other about the weather.a.talked b.chatted c.muttered d.whisperedHe is going to __D__ the meeting on the subject of war and peace in a minute.a.speak b.talk c.remark d.addressAlthough not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government's ___A___ policies.a. economicb. economicalc. economyd. economicsThere are not many teachers who are strong _C_of traditional methods in English teaching.a. sponsorsb. contributorsc. advocatesd. performersA friendship may be ___B___ , casual, situational or deep and lasting.a. identicalb. superficialc. criticald. originalNobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _C_ down the economy.a. putb. settlec. dragd. knockWe are _D_ to the idea, but we doubt whether the time is ripe to put it into force.a. equalb. adequatec. considerated. sympatheticPeople were surprised to find that Mr. Johnson had the ability to ___B__ everything he was involved in.a. Prevailb. dominatec. presided. instructYou can do it if you want to, but in my opinion it‟s not worth the __D__ it in volves.a. forceb. trialc. attemptd. effortThe manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for __D__ her attitude toward customers.a. straightforwardb. partialc. favorabled. hostileYou must pack plenty of food for the journey. __D__, you will need warm clothes, so pack them too.a. Equallyb. Incidentallyc. Inevitablyd. LikewiseThis __B_ was conducted to find out how many people prefer rice.a. examinationb. surveyc. inspectiond. testAs a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals __B__ a substance to absorb harmful chemicalsa. relieveb. releasec. dismissd. discardHe said that very clearly so that nobody was in any___B__ about what was meant.a. wonderb. doubtc. questiond. consideration三.完形填空(20题20分)Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they (1) . Yet, all living things still show the (2) of aging, which will eventually (3) death. Aging is not a disease, (4)as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the (5) they form do not function as well as they did in childhood and teenage years. The body provides less (6) against disease and is more (7) to have accident. A number of related causes may (8) aging. Some cells of the body have a (9)long life, but they are not (10) when they die. As a person ages, (11) of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. Other body cells die and are(12)by new cells. In an aging person the new cells may not be as workable or as capable (13) growth as those of a young person. Another (14) in aging may be changes within the cells(15). Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known to change with age and become less elastic. This is (16) the skin of old people wrinkles and hangs loose. This is also the reason why old people (17) in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, (18)DNA and RNA, store and (19) information that the cells need.Aging may affect this (20) and change the informationcarrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.1.C A.would B.be used to C.used to D.used2.B A.function B.effect C.affect D.sign3.D A.lead in B.give in C.run into D.result in4.but5.D A.hands B.feet C.heart D.organs6.B A.energy B.protection C.vigor D.power7.A A.likely B.probable C.possible D.alike8.B A.attend to B.contribute to C.add to D.devote to9.fairly10.A A.replaced B.reborn C.recovered D.surrendered11.C A.a number B.the amount C.the number D.a great deal12.replaced13.C A.to B.for C.of D.in14.A A.factor B.effect C.reason D.element15.C A.for themselves B.of themselves C.themselves D.on their own16.why17.B A.increase B.shrink C.lengthen D.decrease18.such as19.D A.pass away B.pass by C.pass off D.pass on20.D A.improvement B.procession C.approach D.process四阅读(4篇,20分)阅读第一篇In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. one kind of learning is called "classical conditioning". this occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment, it is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother's face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion.The second kind of learning is called "operant conditioning." this occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. for example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.Every day, we grow and have new experiences. we constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. this learning affects our emotions. why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? if a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. on the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.1. the author's main purpose in writing the passage is to _B_.a) teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotionb) give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learningc) give parents some advice on how to modify their children's emotions through learningd) discuss with psychologist how positive and negative feelings are produced2.if your jokes often find already echo in a person, you will learn though _B_ that tellingjokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.a) classical conditioningb) operant conditioningc) neither of themd) some other sorts of conditioning3. if a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. this is a typical example of learning through _A_.a) classical conditioningb) operant conditioningc) both of themd) neither of them4. in the third paragraph, the author is _D_.a) discussing how we grow and have new experiences every dayb) talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioningc) concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so ond) using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning5. in the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss __C_.a) definitions of positive feelings and negative feelingsb) the third kind of learningc) further examples of learning through operant conditioningd) none of the above阅读第2篇,Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad or worse than the hazards of smiking too many cigarettes. All right then, let's pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Let's put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer--alcoholism.But wait. We've already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abilished by an amendment to the Constitution and by a law of Congress. After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manyfacturing, selling, or transporting of "intoxicating liquors". Without any more liquor, peoplecould not drink it. And if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all bery logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why?Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks to get it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gans of liquor smugglers millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican borders. Drinkers were licky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a rusult of prohibition. Instead, people drank nore alcohol than ever-often poisoned alcohol.1. Which of the following was NOT characteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the V olstead Act? Aa) There would be no further danger to the public from alcoholism.b) There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages.c) Without liquor, people would not drink.d) People would not become drunk of create a public nuisance.2. During Prohibition, illegal alcohol was_C___.a) sold openlyb) no longer a temptationc) a major factor in the passage of the Volstead Actd) brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders3. During Prohibition, people__B__.a) lived in fear of the lawb) were willing to risk arrest for the pleasure of liquorc) recklessly endangered their comunitiesd) were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them4. When enacting the prohibition law, government officials assumend that__D__.a) every American would buy alcohol illegallyb) all criminal activities would ceasec) patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcohold) the social threat from drunkerness would decline5. It can be inferred from the passage that__A__.a) the Congress was wise to repeal Prohibitionb) the Prohibition Era was characterized by a decrease in crime and drunkennessc) during Prohibition, most Americans stopped drinkingd) laws should be passed to ban the sale of alcoholic beverages第三篇As people continue to grow and age, our body systems continue to change. At a certain point in your life, your body system began to weaken. Your joint may become stiff. It may become more difficult for you to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury. In order to live longer, we have always tried to slow or stop this process that leads us toward the end of our lives.Many factors contribute to your health. A well-balanced diet plays an important role. The amount and type of exercises you get is another factor. Your living environment and the amount of stress you are under is yet another. But scientists studying senescence want to know: Why do people grow old? They hope that by examining the aging process on a cellular level medical science may be able to extend the length of life.There is nothing to be afraid of as old age approaches. Many consider the later portions of life to be the best time for living. Physical activity may lessen, but often you gain a broader understanding of yourself and the world.What we consider old age now may only be middle-aged someday soon. Who knows with so many advances in medical science happening so quickly, life spans may one day be measured in centuries, rather than in years!1. When people become aging, they will lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury, “bounce back” here means __A__.A. to improve in health after one‟s disease and injuryB. to run fastC. to recover from disease and injuryD. to jump after recovering2. In order to live longer, ___A___.A. we should postpone the process of agingB. we should try to do some exerciseC. we have to try to be on a dietD. we should keep in high spirits3. Why are some scientists interested in studying senescence? ___B___A. They may be able to find better ways to our lifeB. If they pin down the biochemical process that makes us age, there will be hope for extending the length of lifeC. They want find out if there is a link between how efficiently a cell could repair itself and how long a creature livesD. They want to increase the general ability of our bodies4. Many consider the later portions of life to be the best time of living, because ____A__.A. they have a very good understanding of themselves and the outside worldB. they have nothing to do all day long only to watch their grandchildren growing up around themC. they have come through the battle of life safelyD. they consider their life has been a successful one5. According to the passage, “spans” means ____B_____.A. a long period of timeB. a length of timeC. a long distance from one place to anotherD. longevity第四篇Any country has good reason to want its citizens to be as healthy as possible, since one of its greatest resources is an active population. No country wants its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health.This was the kind of thinking which led to the introduction of a health service in many countries. In Britain this has de veloped into a “Welfare State” in which all citizens, rich and poor alike, can get most health treatment free. The money for this is partially raised by contributions from employers and employees.As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are much greater than was estimated. This means that the people who work for the Health Service—doctors, nurses and other hospital staff—have much more routine work to do and as a result they have little time for preventive medicine. The Health Service does need more staff—a need that can only be met if more money is made available to it.However, a powerful argument for the Health Service is that many people are able to receive expensive treatment which they could never afford themselves. Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they don‟t really need to. Because they have so m any patients, doctors cannot spend as long with each one as they would like, and some people prefer to pay for private treatment so that their doctors can give them more time. In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others.46. In the author‟s view, Britain is a Welfare State in that __A__.A. all citizens are entitled to a free medical treatment in some senseB. poor, unlike the rich, could enjoy free medical treatmentC. health service is highly developed in BritainD. Britain doesn‟t allow its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health47. We can infer from the passage that __B__.A. the Health Service is introduced to many other countries by BritainB. the Health Service has been introduced and developed for 30 years in BritainC. an active population is the greatest resource in BritainD. all citizens in Britain have a good opinion of the Health Service48. The best title for the passage would be __D__.A. A Welfare StateB. Importance of the Health ServiceC. Disadvantages of the Health ServiceD. The Health Service49. The author mentions that some wealthy people prefer to pay for private treatment because __C__.A. their doctors can give them more time leave from workB. those doctors have better medical instrumentsC. they might save some money for the poorD. their doctors have a stronger sense of responsibility for the patients50. The word “abused” (Par. 4) means __B__.A. destroyedB. used in wrong wayC. ignoredD. wasted五汉译英(25分)2013年12月份以来,中国25个省份、100多座大中城市再次遭遇雾霾侵袭。

浙江工商大学_生物化学2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

浙江工商大学_生物化学2013年_考博专业课真题试卷

浙江工商大学2013年博士研究生入学考试试卷(A)卷
考试科目:生物化学
考试时间:3小时总分:100分
1.阐述生物界蛋白质的多样性及其在生物进化和生物功能的意义。

(20分)
2.
酶作为生物催化剂,与其它催化剂最显著的区别是酶具有高度的专一性(或特异性)和高效的催化效率。

试述:(1)根据酶专一性的不同,可将酶分为绝对专一性、相对专一性和立体异构专一性,请问这3种专一性之间的区别是什么?(2)请根据“诱导契合假说”分析酶作用的专一性原理。

(3)酶加速化学反应的原理是什么?(4)请至少举3个例子说明酶在食品工业领域的应用。

(20分)
3.
维生素是维持生物正常生命过程所必需的一类有机物质,需要量很少,但对维持健康十分重要;有些种类的维生素,生物体可自行合成,但大多数需由食物供给。

请举4种维生素的例子说明:(1)这种维生素存在于哪些食物中?(2)生物体缺乏这种维生素的症状是什么?(20分)
4.高糖膳食导致人体肥胖的原因是什么?(20分)
5.
从高等生物基因组中克隆的基因全长序列,为什么在大肠杆菌中不能进行正确的表达?如果想让人的生长激素基因在细菌中能够表达并生成人的生长激素,请问该如何设计实验?(20分)
答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效第1页(共1页)。

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且对任意的 t , W (t ) 与 R 均独立。令 X (t ) W (t ) R ,求随机过程
X (t ), t 的均值函数、相关函数和协方差函数。
6.(本题10分)若强度为 的齐次Poisson过程 {N t , t
0} 的到达时间间隔序列为
x(t)EENrtf5, +*+H FpWh 1z;it aE
4. (4tr
1 5 h ) & . H V ! + ) t t * r : { 0 , 1, 2 , 3 \ f f | q f t f f i , E f r ! - f r w & & A F f E p s t ,
l/4 /4 /4 /41 L0 0 0 1"1 ( 1) ES{t#*€f'K; ( 2 ) r'J&#jtTtil*,; ( 3 ) r'J)tr*dl'ElIttTthffi"
X n , n 1, 2,,令 S
f (t ) e
t
n
X1 X n , 则 S n 服从参数为n, 的 分布,即分布密度为
( t ) n1 , t 0。 (n 1)!
答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效
第 1 页(共 2 页)
7.(本题10分) 设 {B (t ), t
Hale Waihona Puke 是独立同分布的随机变量序列,令 m(t ) E (e tX i ) , 固定t并假定 3.(本题10分)若 X 1 , X 2,
m(t ) ,令 S 0 0, S n = X k ,求证 M n [m(t )] n e tS n 是关于 X 1 , X 2 , 的鞅。
Nt n 1
Yt n ,
对任意 t 0 ,
(1) 求 Yt 的特征函数;(2)若 1 的二阶矩存在,求 Yt 的期望和方差;(3) 证明 Yt 是一个独立增量过程。
2.(本题15分)一质点在1,2,3三个点上作随机游动,1和3是两个反射壁,当质点处于2时,下一 时刻处于1,2,3是等可能的。写出一步转移概率矩阵;判断此链是否具有遍历性,若有,求 出其极限分布。
L o P : l / z /% t/ t/ lt/
t/ o ol l% o / L Ir I
tt/ ol
t/l l,
E*tra$ffiffiL,
5ftifr61.fiit
s- (Affi rs h) W€xttl#ffiEfr!/pn iifg 0f,,/ t 0), itlAffirEHt trX.h- poisson ffi n litr ^ffifr,trr+*,h €nn. w {€,,n = I,2,...}*-uan E,}4.Bg ffitrlA E'Fil,
浙江工商大学2013年博士研究生入学考试试卷(A)卷
招生专业:统计学 考试时间:3小时 考试科目:应用随机过程 总分:100分
1.(本题15分)已知 son过程,且与
N t , t 0是强度为 的Pois n , n 1是独立同分布的随机变量序列,
n , n 1相互独立。设
k=1
n
4.(本题15分)设{ N(t) , t 0 }是更新过程,P{ X i =1}=1/3, P{ X i =2}=2/3, 求P{N(1)=k},P{N(2)=k}和P{N(3)=k}。
W (t ), t 是参数为 2 的维纳过程, R ~ N (1,4) 是正态分布随机变量; 5.(本题15分)设
[0.7 0 0.3 ) ( I ) * w i r + t t t ) f f i a f f i w p r "h . \ 4 u t h / d f r h p { x 0= 1 } = 1 ,p { x | = 2 ) = p { x o = 3 } = 0 F,f 4 f f i f r W & E A + t t A z f l i f f i r + ,( 2 ) * q ^ ( E ^ + S B ' l + i l g , } f r " 3 . ( 4 t r t o i i ) - E * + r . / R E H d r t f + * 1 + , m ,U N , j . e E , i f f i E r SE f f iB ! , , \ & . 1 H f r ) f,fii 4 N,fHE'd4i, E l i , E Y A E b\ f f i t 1 f l a \ A € ,& f f i i t r i t A B t 6 f y ' . f E t r Z H n I t u D ) p effiiEHfiHm, lou=t,4o,:#.ffi jEHfiEffifitu\#" (l) itHE(oj); (2)
0} 为Brown运动, (1) 对任意 s 0, t 0 且 s t ,求
2 ( B ( s ), B (t )) 的联合概率密度函数;(2) 证明 {exp{ B(t ) 1 2 t}; t 0} 为鞅。
8.(本题10分)设 {B (t ), t
0} 为Brown运动,且随机过程{N t , t 0} 满足微分方程
6ifrf4El, DHffif/ri$f5 ,H. A ' l oo,|
1 . ( A F E1 sb ) & A , B Z A i I E E R T ^ . 1 o / (z 0),h f r , a h H W , W
X (t) = Acosat +B sinat (1) x(t)Bt!!€ 8#fnvrrE8&; frE tr StW. " (o.t 0.7 o ) 2. (Affi roA) W4Btrr*ffi *|W&M+fEFFt,p=l 0 0.2 o.* l,
dN t N t dt dBt , t 0, ,
其中 , , N 0 为常数,试用Ito公式求 N t 的表达式。
答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效
第 2 页(共2 页)
ffirr6^+
2014 +fHttrf;t
+#Hfi#
(A) #
#i4'€il, tfr,++ 4'ifr rf fil ' 3 /J\F.f
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