2020年12月13日托福写作答案解析

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2020年3月13日托福写作答案解析

2020年3月13日托福写作答案解析3月13日托福综合写作范文：Sample answer：The writer and the speaker have a debate on what causethe collapse of Akkadine Empire. The writer puts forwardthree reasons, which are opposed by the following lecture.First, the writer claims that the collapse of empire is cause by rebellion of conquered cities. While the speaker views this issue from an opposite angle, according to him/her, Conquered cities have little chance to rebel, for their walls have been destroyed by empire army. They are easily defeated again.Secondly, the passage states that bad weather results in shortage of food supply. However, the speaker casts doubt on this opinion by saying that Indeed, bad weather will lead to the reduction of food supply, but farmers in empire have advanced irrigation technology, which can bring water fromlong distance. What’s more, farmers will preserve grains.Last, the writer argues that unfair trade leads to discontent of other countries. They united to fight againstthe Empire. By contrast, in accordance with the speaker, this claim does not hold water. Empire has been looking for new partners. Losses caused by some countries can be made up by resources and benefits from new countries.3月13日托福独立写作真题：。

2020年托福写作模拟试题及答案(卷十)

2020年托福写作模拟试题及答案（卷十）大学应加强设施建设还是招聘好老师托福写作题目为：Do you agree or disagree: the universities should spend more money in improving facilities (libraries, computer labs) than hiring famous teachers。

下面大家一起来看看托福写作真题的分析及范文。

Do you agree or disagree: the universities should spend more money in improving facilities (libraries, computer labs) than hiring famous teachers.托福写作范文参考一:Cradles of cultivating talents, universities are supposed to provide most high-caliber education. Responding to the expectation, universities have to think the issue over. Compared with hiring more teachers, from my own perspective, keeping facilities and resources in the universities most advanced and updated is more essential not only for students but also for renowned professors.First of all, students are able to enjoy a better study environment if their schools utilize advanced equipment. With the assistance of exquisite inventions such as electronic screen and projectors, as well as laboratory equipment, like microscopes and chemical reactors, studying would no longer be a tedious and repetitious information engrafting process, but a way everyone would like to get involved in. Similarly,definitions and formulas of physics and chemistry will graven in students’minds deeply if they are aided by the equipment when experimenting. However, hardly can professors crystalize abstract concepts into definite ideas without advanced teaching devices.What is more, as for famous teachers themselves, a university that does not invest in its facilities would be appealing. To be constantly enthusiastic on researching their respective academic fields, teachers have a great demand for exquisite facilities to maintain progressing on their own fields. The most sophisticated technological devices offered in universities enable these teachers to conduct successful researches and remain at the top, which is really attractive to those renowned professors. By contrast, old and obsolete teaching and studying facilities will certainly not inspire teachers to keep further academic researching. Also, practically impossible will teachers have interest in making progress.Granted, it is conceded that hiring more teachers in universities means guaranteeing education quality in some sense because every student will be concerned and cared about. Even slightest and most subtle academic performance changes of students will be noticed; therefore, teachers can encourage and guide frustrated and upsetting students in time. However, while weighing the benefits brought by investing in facilities and hiring more teachers, we can conclude thatfacilities are more worthwhile.In conclusion, I should reiterate that universities should update their facilities, making a top priority. Without advanced facilities, a university will not be helped further improved.托福写作写作参考二:7月16日托福独立写作范文Advanced facilities, like libraries, research center, university hospital are indispensible parts of a good university while famous teachers are also a big component of a prestigious higher institution. Personally, I think it is better for universities to spend more money in hiring famous professors.Admittedly, research centers can be a place where advanced technology is incubated, a library that incorporates state-of-the-art technology can also be conducive to students' study, however, I still believe that famous professors play a more significant role in assessing the reputation of a university.First off, well-respected professors in a specific field can bring lots of benefits not only to the whole community but also to the university. To more specific, prestigious professors can come up with theories and solutions to the most intriguing problems faced by human beings, like treatment of cancers, diabetes and even heart attack. Economists can use data and economic models in their empirical study to predict theeconomy, and it can provide lots of information for the authority to make timely adjustment to their policies. Electronic engineers can design some micro-chips that can sustain large-scale computation. The benefits that professors bring to the school can be also enormous. For instance, a Novel Prize laureate can attract countless research foundations and donations from both the private and public sectors, with this large sum of money, the university can in turn renovate labs, research centers and even libraries.Additionally, well-established professors and researchers can educate and enlighten brilliant young students and cultivate future scientists. Famous professors are usually expert in education, they might have been teaching and researching in their field for more than a few decades, thus have accumulated lots of rich teaching experience and developed the most effective teaching approach. Together with their superb charisma, lots of bright young adults will be motivated and inspired and therefore embark on the road of scientific endeavor and exploration. Such inspirations and motivations cannot be brought by improved facilities. Indeed, it is the expertise and charisma of these famous professors that attract thousands of brilliant young students to enroll in a college.To conclude, hiring more famous professors are more advisable than renovating facilities since the scientific discoveries brought byprofessors can bring colossal benefits to both the community and the university, and also the expertise and charisma of well-established professors can attract, enlighten and cultivate future scientists.想要高薪但是工作时间长的工作吗托福写作题目为：Would you prefer a higher pay job with longer work time or an average pay job with normal work time。

2020年托福写作模拟试题及答案(卷一)

2020年托福写作模拟试题及答案（卷一）Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to so much information creates problems. Which view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.托福写作范文：The Internet is a great invention be cause it disseminates information freely. Freedom of information is in the interest of a country and its citizens, but, in light of the information anarchy on the Internet, people need to learn and understand how to evaluate and use the information they find at their fingertips.The Internet promotes freedom of information and freedom of speech, which are integral part of a successful modern democratic society. With innumerable news sources at their disposal citizens have the opportunity to educate themselves, and this knowledge will allow them to contribute to the progression of their society.Similarly, the ability to consult different viewpoints, especially those diverging from their own, will allow people engage in meaningful dialogue with other citizens. The result of this continued discourse will be a more open minded and also tolerant society. As a vehicle of communication the Internet will connect people of the same interests and the same concerns. Thus connected citizens will be encouraged towork together and they will become active participants of society rather than passive subjects.Critics of the Internet's free flow of information are concerned that people will fall victim to bad or rather incorrect information and act on it. This concern is warranted in so far that the Internet is intrinsically anarchic, and anybody with a computer can create Website and post information thereon. As a result, it can be very difficult to determine what information is correct or reliable and which is not. However, difficult as it may seem, there are ways that one can navigate the information jungle of the Internet and arrive at conclusions. In order to do so one has to learn to valuate sources of information. For example, the Website of a research scientist at a major university or that of a well-known non-profit organization is a more reliable source of information than the personal Website of a senior school student.Which would you choose: a high-paying job with long hours that would give you little time with family and friends or a lower-paying job with shorter hours that would give you more time with family and friends? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details.托福写作范文：I am optimistic that through my studies and continued hard work I will be able to find a job that will provide my future family and me with financial security. We should be able to afford the necessities of life, suchas a modest home, enough food to nourish us and keep us in good health, as well as education for our children. Hopefully, I will find myself in the fortunate situation where I can decide between a high-paying job with long hours and a lower-paying job with shorter hours. I would choose the job with the lower salary and greater personal time without hesitation, because my family and friends are the most important things in my life.Time is the greatest investment I can make into the relationships with my wife and my children. A marriage is not just a decision one makes but a promise that one keeps. In order to do so one has to be there for the other person and share moments of joy as well as times of difficulty. Nowadays, too many relationships wither away as the partners are unable to work out their problems or bond through meaningful experiences. Personal careers become too important and family time becomes a rare occurrence.The absence of one parent, due to professional career or divorce, can have a very negative effect on a child's development. The child might question his value to father or mother (depending on which one is continually absent) and develop low self-esteem. Without the presence of either or, worse, both parents, the child will be more likely to make bad decisions as he is lacking proper guidance. And there is one point should also be mentioned, i.e. neither expensive toys nor fancy clothes。

2020年12月13日托福阅读答案解析

2020年12月13日托福阅读答案解析12月13日托福阅读词汇题：Obviously=clearlyWidespread=commonDense=thickThus=consequentlyresultantShallow=smalldepthexerciseProfound=very strongEmergence=riseTactic=strategyAdjacent to=near toParallel=match12月13日托福阅读第一篇题材划分：生物类主要内容：板块运动能够改变生物多样性，提到生物区的划分，少于百分之二十的物种相似度就是不同的区越多说明那里的多样性越高。

比如板块分开的时候，多样性增加，反之亦然。

一个山脉能够把原本的湿润风给挡了，就变成沙漠不适合生长了。

或者一个障碍的形成能够把本来的一个物种分成两个，一南一北，等到在合并的时候，发现北部的能够到南部生活，但南部的很少到北部生活。

相似TPO练习推荐TPO31- Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations相关背景知识：Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise. The biologist Orator F. Cook wasthe first to coin the term 'speciation' for the splitting of lineages or "cladogenesis," as opposed to "anagenesis" or "phyletic evolution" occurring within lineages. Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of naturalselection in speciation.There is research comparing the intensity of sexual selection in different clades with their number of species.There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another： allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments. Whether genetic drift is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject matter of much ongoing discussion.All forms of natural speciation have taken place over the course of evolution; however, debate persists as to the relative importance of each mechanism in driving biodiversity.One example of natural speciation is the diversity of the three-spined stickleback, a marine fish that, after the lastglacial period, has undergone speciation into new freshwater colonies in isolated lakes and streams. Over an estimated 10,000 generations, the sticklebacks show structural differences that are greater than those seen betweendifferent genera of fish including variations in fins, changes in the number or size of their bony plates, variable jaw structure, and color differences.During allopatric speciation, a population splits into two geographically isolated populations (for example, by habitat fragmentation due to geographical change such as mountain formation). The isolated populations then undergo genotypic and/or phenotypic divergence as： (a) they become subjected to dissimilar selective pressures; (b) they independently undergo genetic drift; (c) different mutations arise in the two populations. When the populations come back into contact, they have evolved such that they are reproductively isolated and are no longer capable of exchanging genes. Island genetics is the term associated with the tendency of small, isolated genetic pools to produce unusual traits. Examples include insular dwarfism and the radical changes among certain famous island chains, for example on Komodo. The Galápagos Islands are particularly famous for their influence on Charles Darwin. During his five weeks there he heard that Galáp agos tortoises could be identified by island, and noticed that finches differed from one island to another, but it was only nine months later that he reflected that such facts could show that species were changeable. When he returned to England, his speculation on evolution deepened after experts informed him that these were separate species, not just varieties, and famously that other。

托福TPO13综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文【雷哥托福】

托福TPO13综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文【雷哥托福整理】在备考托福写作的过程中，总是将托福的独立作文放在了第一位，但是实际上，综合作文也是占到了作文总分30分里面的50%的分值，不要等到分数出来了，才发现其实是综合作文的limited或者fair极大的影响了自己的分数。

考过的同学会发现托福综合作文分数不高，很大程度上是受我们听力实力的影响，我们很多托福考生的听力分数只有16分上下的时候，对于托福综合作文的听力妥妥的是束手无策，而且很多托福考生还感觉自己都听懂了，那也只能说明你听懂了大意，但是听力里面要的是每一个细节！请注意，是每一个细节！雷哥托福小托君给大家分享TPO1-33综合作文部分的阅读和听力文本全集与综合作文的满分作文，以及满分作文的解析。

如果自己的托福综合作文分数如果可以很给力的话，就已经搞定了15分的分数，可极大地缓解托福独立作文的压力。

文末教你如何使用这个材料。

TPO13 综合写作听力+阅读原文ReadingPrivate collectors have been selling and buying fossils, the petrified remains of ancient organisms, ever since the eighteenth century. In recent years, however, the sale of fossils, particularly of dinosaurs and other large vertebrates, has grown into a big business. Rare and important fossils are now being sold to private ownership for millions of dollars. This is an unfortunate development for both scientists and the general public.The public suffers because fossils that would otherwise be donated to museums where everyone can see them are sold to private collectors who do not allow the public to view their collections. Making it harder for the public to see fossils can lead to a decline in public interest in fossils, which would be a pity.More importantly, scientists are likely to lose access to some of the most important fossils and thereby miss out on potentially crucial discoveries about extinct life forms. Wealthy fossil buyers with a desire to own the rarest and most important fossils can spend virtually limitless amounts of money to acquire them. Scientists and the museums and universities they work for often cannot compete successfully for fossils against millionaire fossil buyers.Moreover, commercial fossil collectors often destroy valuable scientific evidence associated with the fossils they unearth. Most commercial fossil collectors are untrained or uninterested in carrying out the careful field work and documentation that reveal the most about animal life in the past. For example, scientists have learned about the biology of nest-building dinosaurs called oviraptors by carefully observing the exact position of oviraptor fossils in the ground and the presence of other fossils in the immediate surroundings. Commercial fossil collectors typically pay no attention to how fossils lie in the ground or to the smaller fossils that may surround bigger ones.ListeningProfessor: Of course there are some negative consequences of selling fossils in the commercial market, but they have been greatly exaggerated. The benefits of commercial fossil trade greatly outweigh the disadvantages.First of all, the public is likely to have greater exposure to fossils as a result of commercial fossil trade, not less exposure. Commercial fossil hunting makes a lot of fossils available for purchase, and as a result, even low-level public institutions like public schools and libraries can now routinely buy interesting fossils and display them for the public.As for the idea that scientists will lose access to really important fossils, that's not realistic either.Before anyone can put a value on a fossil, it needs to be scientifically identified, right? Well, the only people who can identify fossils, who can really tell what a given fossil is or isn't, are scientists, by performing detailed examinations and tests on the fossils themselves. So even if a fossil is destined to go to a private collector, it has to pass through the hands of scientific experts first. This way, the scientific community is not going to miss out on anything important that's out there.Finally, whatever damage commercial fossil collectors sometimes do, if it weren't for them, many fossils would simply go undiscovered because there aren't that many fossil collecting operations that are run by universities and other scientific institutions. Isn't it better for science to at least have more fossils being found even if we don't have all the scientific data we'd like to have about their location and surroundings than it is to have many fossils go completely undiscovered?首先，就是在自己做托福TPO模考之后，可以根据这里面的听力的文本，来检验自己的听力内容是否抓的足够好，尤其是要看写的够不够全！很多时候，我们的综合作文之所以分低，就是因为听力写的不全！第二点，也可以用于在托福考试前来做跟读，有不少托福考生跟小托君说，自己的口语实力不够，那么做跟读，仔细地来模仿ETS官方素材，是一个很好的提高自己口语的方式。

2020年12月12日大陆托福考试口语真题回顾解析范文

2020年12月12日大陆托福考试口语真题回顾解析范文Task1If your university is going to invite someone to give a speech, who do you think they should invite? A businessman, a scientist or a politician?Personally speaking, I think it's a good idea to invite a scientist to give a speech in my university. I've got two reasons. First of all, students can benefit academically from a scientist's speech. Take myself as an example, myuniversity invited a environmental research scientist to give a speech regarding global warming. Even though it was not my major, I still learnt quite a lot from it. I learnt that in urban area, gas-tail emission contributes to more than 30% of the air pollution. And the scientist also shared several day-to-day things we ordinary people could do to protect the environment Secondly, scientists usually have some really amazing life stories of themselves about how their passionfor science affected their life‘ 1 find these stories extremely inspiring and they usually have a positiveinfluence on me as well.Task2If you have a misunderstanding with your friend, do you prefer talking it out in a public place or in a private place?If I ever got into such an awkward situation with my friend, I guess I would feel more comfortable talking aboutit in a public place. Firstly, people are usually more restrained in a public place, so it's less likely things will get out of control For instance, once my mom got into a fight with her friend, and my mom invited the friend home to talk it out. At first my mom wanted to apologize, but the friend just kept pushing her buttons until my mom couldn't take it any more. In the end they got into an even bigger fight . But if it was in a public place, I guess both my mom and her friend would have to think twice about their attitude and behaviors. At least things wouldn't get worse than before. Plus, I feel more at ease when I'm in a public place like a cafe or a pub, I can express myself better when I m more relaxed and our conflicts can be solved more easily.Task 3The university Is planning to offer business class on Saturdays and lower the tuition fee. In the conversation, the woman agrees with the plan. The first reason is that a lot of students who take business class also work full-time, since the business class will now be offered on Saturdays, it means it's more possible for students who also work full-time to take the class. As for the second reason, she points out that lowering the tuition fee will make it possible for more students to take the class, they will be able to afford itTask 4In the lecture, the professor introduces the concept of loss aversion. He offers us an example to illustrate It The professor once went to a supermarket and bought 20 dollars worth of food, but the cashier made a mistake and charged him 30 dollars instead. When the professor realized the mistake,he had to drive all the way back to the supermarket to get his 10 dollars back. But a couple of days later, his friend told him that a new cafe in town was giving 10 dollars to whoever was willing to try their new coffee, but the professor just wasn't interested in going at all.Task5The woman's problem is that she's the president of the camping club and she's supposed to take everyone camping this weekend, unfortunately the weather report said that it was going to rain- There are two possible solutions. The first one is to postpone the trip and go camping next weekend instead. And the second solution is to go this weekend and remind everyone to bring a raincoat. If I were in her shoes, I d go for the first solution because her club members would probably understand since It's not really something within her control I personally don't recommend the other solution because if it really rains, the members will have to stay inside the tents, what's the point of going camping if you can't even go outside?Task 6In the lecture, the professor talks about the characters of rainforest. The first one is warm climate. Take orchids as an example, orchids are pretty sensitive to the temperature, they can hardly survive the cold, but since the climate in the rainforest is relatively warm, the orchids can grow very well there. The other one is about canopy. The canopy created by layers and layers of leaves blocks the sunlight, so the environment on the ground is quite different from the。

2020年12月英语四级作文真题及答案

2020年12月英语四级作文真题及答案2020年12月英语四级作文真题及答案2020年12月英语四级作文真题及答案【作文一参考范文】Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make something happenThere is no doubt that we should never go out there tosee what happens; instead, we should take actions to make things happen. A telling example is Youyou Tu. She and her colleagues made 380 extracts from 2,00 herbs before they finally succeeded in discovering the pure substance qinghaosu, which can be used to treat malaria. As we all know, therewere numerous scientists who wanted to find this substance, but it was her firm actions that made her the first Chinese Nobel laureate in medicine.Why?Reasons are quite simple and can be listed as follows. To begin with, only by taking actions can we find the best way to solve those problems we are facing, but as a bystander, we can learn nothing meaningful. In addition, in an age fullof ruthless and relentless competitions, without takingactions to make things happen, we are bound to lose those valuable opportunities. For instance, if Apple had just gone out there to see what happens in mobile phones, it could not have presented the amazing product, iPhone, to us.Accordingly, we college students should not just be a watcher but a doer. In my humble opinion, we can start from applying what we have learned into practice.【作文二参考范文】Learning is a daily experience and lifetime mission.Undoubtedly, learning is a daily experience and lifetime mission. For instance, Madam Curie, who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity and became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, was known for her persistence in learning.Several reasons, both social and individual, could account for the importance of constant learning. Firstly, in an age of ruthless and relentless competition, only by learning constantly can we bring our potential and ability into full play and catch up with the times. Secondly, learning does not only help us acquire knowledge, but also enriches our lives and broadens our horizons. Thirdly, science and technology change with each passing day. Without constant learning, it would be impossible for us to update our knowledge.Accordingly, it is constant learning that really matters in achieving success in modern society. In my humble opinion, it is high time that parents and teachers made joint efforts to encourage children to read more books instead of playing computer games all day.【作文三参考范文】Listening is more important than talkingIt is no exaggeration to say that listening is more important than talking. For instance, without listening, a baby won’t know how to speak; without enough listening, we cannot speak English fluently; without listening carefully in classroom, we cannot follow our teachers.There are several reasons to account for the importance of listening. First and foremost, only by listening to others carefully can we understand their points of views. Secondly, more listeningcan not only broaden our horizons, but also helps us absorb others’ wisdom. Last but not least,listening is an input and talking is an output. It is unwise to voice our opinions in those topics that we are unfamiliar with.As an old Chinese old saying goes, silence is gold. Therefore, in my humble opinion, it is of great significance for us to spend more time in listening instead of rushing to speak.。

2020年3月11日托福写作答案解析

2020年3月11日托福写作答案解析2020年3月11日托福综合写作范文一Sample answer：The reading and listening discuss about the reductionof primary care doctors. The passage mentions three reasons to explain the reductionof the primary care doctors. Whereas, the professor totally refutes the three pointspresented in the passage.First ly, theprofessor rebuts the reading’s idea that students majoring in primary care canhardly pay off the loans and are often low paid when they become primary caredoctors. The professor claims that a national program can help to compensatetheir loan. According to the policy, after graduation, students can apply forgoing to the remote area to practice. And such experiences can be used to coverloans. What’s more, by doing so, some students are lucky to gain scholarship.Secondly, theprofessor contradicts rea ding’s statement that primary care doctors tend tosuffer from high stress and heavy workload. The professor mentions that the governmentwill cultivate advanced degree nurses who are able to share some of the workloadof the primary care doctors, such as the jobs related to prescriptionmedications and caring.At last, thepassage states that opportunities to get training are not even. However, theprofessor explains that uneven assigning the recourses results in unevendistributionof opportunities to get trained. And the government has realized this problemand will take actions to reassign the resources every three years among differenthospitals.2020年3月11日托福独立写作题目。

徽文文化联考卷九年级上册语文

徽文文化联考卷九年级上册语文注：本次测试时间120分钟，满分120分一、语言基础知识及运用(共37分后)1、阅读下面语段，完成后面题目。

(8分)①回眸年走到的路，我们不禁心潮澎拜。

②这一年，灾难频密：暴风雪小范围侵袭，手足口病不期而至，特大地震猝然出现。

③在大灾大难面前，并使中华民族表明出来空前的凝聚力。

④从总书记至老百姓，大家心往一处想要，劲朝一处并使，缺钱的掏钱，有力的出力，踊现了一大批可歌可泣的先进典型，普写下了一曲万众一心、抗震救灾的了不起颂歌!⑤灾难，虽然可以炸毁我们的家园，却炸毁没法我们生活的信心；灾难夺不去中华民族勇敢不屈不挠的意志，虽然它能夺走无数同胞的生命!(1)给加点字注音 (2分) ( )A．不禁( ) B．侵袭( ) C．猝然( ) D．可歌可泣( )(2)找出①④⑤句中的四个错别字，然后将正确的字依次写在田字格内，要求书写规范、工整、美观。

(2分)改成改成改成改成(3)第③句有语病，应修改为 (2分)(4)修正画线句子，并使之与前句结构相同，语意连贯。

(2分后)2、下列加点词语使用不恰当的一个是（）（3分）A．第一次至公司回去见到总经理，他西装革履正襟危坐，怕存有差池。

B．他生平最是趋炎附势的，如何肯销声匿迹。

C．畅游仙女山，游览武隆的芙蓉洞，不得不惊叹这里景色的惟妙惟肖。

D．他演讲时，贯穿古今，引经据典，获得听众阵阵掌声。

3、根据语境，仿效画线句，再写两个句子，并使之构成一首大诗。

（4分后）假如我是一丛荆棘，我愿意长成一道绿色的栅栏，把房子守护；假如我就是一簇兰花，我愿散发出缕缕迷人的幽香，使主人陶醉。

，，；，，。

4、读下面的材料，回答问题。

(8分)某班积极开展漫游语文世界综合课堂教学活动后，各小组将搜集的资料予以甄选、剖析，构成了以下活动成果。

成果A：各地方言与普通话读音差异明显。

如将吃念成七，将撕念成日。

成果B：街头巷尾乱用语言文字现象轻微。

例如一家具有专卖店名--南方家俱店；一鞋店前的广告牌--穿××皮鞋，步步为赢等。

12月20日托福写作真题答案及解析

12月20日托福写作真题答案及解析12月20日托福综合写作Integrated Writing:READNINGLISTENINGAlaska whales 和Iceberg属于两种不同的种类1两种动物的颜色不太一样1 由于海藻本身有色差，加之在不同的季节颜色不一样，所以被其覆盖的whale 看起来会darker一些；同时观察时节不一样，也影响了观察的结果。

2 生存的水域不一样2 两种动物的饮食习惯不一样：一种喜欢吃mammals, 故原地不同；另一种喜欢吃fish，故被Russia海域的鱼吸引走了。

3 年龄不一样3 用fin测年龄不靠谱。

在20岁之后，fin就停止生长了。

所以，实际年龄会比估计的年龄大一些。

12月20日托福独立写作题目Independent Writing:Out of the following three things, which one would you prefer to regulate in order to improve your health? 2012.1.13NA/2012.11.2ML1. The kind of food you eat2. The amount of exercise3. The amount of stress in your lifeModern society has turned humans into curious creatures. Our ancestors were highly active thanks to their hunter-gatherer lifestyle; they ate fairly balanced diets due to the limited availability of fats and simple carbohydrates; and they relied on stress as a survival mechanism that kept them alert during intermittent periods of danger. Now, many of us spend upwards of 8 hours a day sedentary at our jobs; we eat unbalance diets of pre-prepared foods in order to save time; and we are constantly stressed due to a never-ending bombardment of stressors coming from our contemporary lifestyle. Managing all three things--diet, exercise, and stress--would be a daunting task for anyone, so if I had to pick one thing to improve my health, it would probably be exercise.To begin with, exercise is much easier to manage than both your diet and your stress. In order to manage your diet effectively, need to reduce or eliminate certain foods you enjoy eating, as well as create a comprehensive plan that balances your intake of different nutrients like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. This is too much for most people, which explains the prevalence of “fad diets” that involve, for example, only eating a single type of food; these diets rarely ever work, and can even be dangerous. Managing stress is similarly difficult, because there are so many potential stressors to account for (work, kids, bills, etc.) and it may not be plausible to try and manage all ofthem. Exercise, on the other hand, can be effective even when simple. Take running: This exercise requires no forethought and can be done pretty much everywhere by pretty much everyone, yet carries a laundry list of health benefits ranging from boosting the immune system to lower the risk of breast cancer.Also, exercise has the scientifically measurable benefit of improving mood. When we perform physically demanding activities such as running, the brain releases a rush of endorphins that produces feelings of euphoria. From an evolutionary perspective, this is a neurological reward that encourages us to run and be healthy--we’r e basically built to be runners. If you can incorporate running (or some similar form of exercise) into your weekly routine, you’ll notice your mood improve almost immediately. And there’s also another, indirect way exercise improves mood: When you’re fit, you feel much better about yourself. I don’t just mean in the narcissistic way, either-- knowing that you’re exercising is just a good feeling.Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, exercise can lead to both better eating habits as well as lower overall stress. Exercise is in fact an excellent way to manage stress, and is recommended by medical authorities as a way to strengthen the brain’s buffers against it. It is even recommended by doctors for treating depression. This stress reduction from exercise can in turn lead to better food choices, since stress is an major contributor to poor eating habits, and eating healthy is much easier when you’re feeling good about yourself. Anyone who’s reached for junk-food during a stressful situation can tell you that.Obviously, diet, exercise, and stress management are all important for living a healthy life. However, if you had to choose only one, I’d say that exercise wins out when it comes to getting the most bang for your buck.。

新托福写作真经4test13-综合写作解析

新托福写作真经4test13-综合写作解析托福综合写作是托福写作部分比较容易的部分，托福综合写作是基于托福阅读和听力的内容，总结两部分的内容进行写作。

阅读部分的内容一般是提出一个观点，然后用2-3个分论点进行论述。

听力部分最红要的就是要学会使用听力笔记。

但是，最重要的一点就是综合写作的范文中我们可以提取出来很多的万能模板。

接下来，前程百利小编为大家整理了新托福写作真经4test13部分的综合写作部分的解析，一起学习吧！第一部分：阅读文本：The bonobo is an endangered species of primates native to the area south of the Congo River in Africa. In recent years, many primatologists have begun studying the bonobo in more detail. What these researchers have learned about bonobos is that they are quite meek in temperament. This is a stark contrast to other primates, such as chimpanzees, which can be rather aggressive and violent, in nature.There is plenty of support for bonobos' gentle demeanors. Experts have studied numerous bonobos in captivity and have witnessed little evidence suggesting that they possess violent tendencies. Bonobos in captivity are typically gentle, kind, and sensitive, and zookeepers report that they experience few problems while handling them. In that regard, bonobos are different from other primates, which sometimes attack their handlers or cause other problems.Bonobos also tend to prevent their young from engaging in violent behavior. For instance, the young of many animal species frequently fight one another or engage in excessive roughhousing. This teaches them how to hunt as well as other survival techniques. However, older bonobos actively quell this behavior in younger bonobos by intervening in fights between their young. As a result, young bonobos neither learn how to fight nor develop aggressive tendencies during their formative years.Bonobos are often contrasted with their more violent cousins, the chimpanzees. Chimpanzees have been observed hunting small animals and even use rocks and sticks as weapons to attack other troops of primates. No such behavior has ever been witnessed among bonobos. Some researchers believe that the fact that bonobos are herbivores reduces any violent impulses they may possess. Since bonobos only eat vegetation, they have no need to hunt or kill anything except in self-defense. Thus they have evolved into more peaceful animals, especially when compared with chimpanzees.阅读要点：观点：These researchers have learned about bonobos is that they are quite meek in temperament. This is a stark contrast to other primates, such as chimpanzees, which can be rather aggressive and violent, in nature.研究人员发现，和其他灵长类动物(黑猩猩)相比，倭黑猩猩性情十分的温和。

托福备考干货

托福备考干货究竟如何备考托福呢?我们备考托福前应当需要了解什么呢?现在我们一起来看看吧。

下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福备考干货一、心理预备盼望全部北鼻们都可以先问自己几个问题：学托福是为了什么?什么时候供应成果?你的英语水平属于什么层次?托福考试属于语言类考试，可以突击，可以刷分。

也就是说，给你失败的机会，也给你努力的目标。

只要努力，肯定会有成效。

真正下定决心，再好好努力，不要中途离场，不要轻言放弃二、托福常识1、托福是什么托福TOEFL，英文全称Test of English as a Foreign Language。

由US教育测验服务社在全世界举办，是一种针对母语非英语的人进行的英语水平的考试托福是出国留学(US、加拿大)的必备考试成果，获得了130 多个国家(包括澳大利亚、加拿大、英国及US)逾9,000 个学院、高校和机构的普遍认可。

托福由四部分组成，分别是阅读(Reading)、听力(Listening)、口试(Speaking)、写作(Writing)。

每部分满分30分，整个试题满分120分。

考试费：1761元。

可以通过下列银行进行网上付费：中国银行、中国工商银行、中国招商银行。

2、考试流程报名：注册—支付考费—确定考位—填写调查—确认注册—打印准考证考试：提前到场—核对入场—试音—阅读(阅读加试)—听力(听力加试)—休息10分钟—口语—写作—交卷3、评分标准总分0-120之间，为四个单项标准分的总和阅读：满分42至45分，转换为标准分后满分为30分;听力：满分34至36分，转换为标准分后满分为30分;口语：满分为24分，转换为标准分后满分为30分;写作：满分为5分，转换为标准分后满分为30分;三、备考干货1、3个月备考方案Week 1 知己知彼，百战不殆打好基础，搞清爽托福考试的内容、板块分布、流程、考试重点等，做到心中有数。

了解考试的同时，可以每天背50个单词热身。

Week2-4 阅读听力为主，预热口语写作首先强化语言输入，即阅读和听力，为输出积累素材、培育语感。

12月13日托福阅读答案解析

12月13日托福阅读答案解析Obviously=clearlyWidespread=commonDense=thickThus=consequentlyresultantShallow=smalldepthexerciseProfound=very strongEmergence=riseTactic=strategyAdjacent to=near toParallel=match12月13日托福阅读第一篇题材划分：生物类主要内容：板块运动可以改变生物多样性，提到生物区的划分，少于百分之二十的物种相似度就是不同的区越多说明那里的多样性越高。

比如板块分开的时候，多样性增加，反之亦然。

一个山脉可以把原本的湿润风给挡了，就变成沙漠不适合生长了。

或者一个障碍的形成可以把本来的一个物种分成两个，一南一北，等到在合并的时候，发现北部的可以到南部生活，但南部的很少到北部生活。

相似TPO练习推荐TPO31- Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations相关背景知识：Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise. The biologist Orator F. Cook was the first to coin the term ‘speciation’ for the splitting of lineages or “cladogenesis,” as opposed to “anagenesis” or “phyletic evolution” occurring within lineages. Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation.There is research comparing the intensity of sexual selection in different clades with their number of species.There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments. Whether genetic drift is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject matter of much ongoing discussion.All forms of natural speciation have taken place over the course of evolution; however, debate persists as to the relative importance of each mechanism in driving biodiversity.One example of natural speciation is the diversity of the three-spined stickleback, a marine fish that, after the last glacial period, has undergone speciation into new freshwater colonies in isolated lakes and streams. Over an estimated 10,000 generations, the sticklebacks show structural differences that are greater than those seen between different genera of fish including variations in fins, changes in the number or size of their bony plates, variable jaw structure, and color differences.During allopatric speciation, a population splits into two geographically isolated populations (for example, by habitat fragmentation due to geographical change such as mountain formation). The isolated populations then undergo genotypic and/or phenotypic divergence as: (a) they become subjected to dissimilar selective pressures;(b) they independently undergo genetic drift; (c) different mutations arise in the two populations. When the populations come back into contact, they have evolved such that they are reproductively isolated and are no longer capable of exchanging genes. Island genetics is the term associated with the tendency of small, isolated genetic pools to produce unusual traits. Examples include insular dwarfism and the radical changes among certain famous island chains, for example on Komodo. The Galápagos Islands are particularly famous for their influence on Charles Darwin. During his five weeks there he heard that Galápagos tortoises could be identified by island, and noticed that finches differed from one island to another, but it was only nine months later that he reflected that such facts could show that species were changeable. When he returned to England, his speculation on evolution deepened after experts informed him that these were separate species, not just varieties, and famously that other differing Galápagos birds were all species of finches. Though the finches were less important for Darwin, more recent research has shown the birds now known as Darwin’s finches to be a classic case of adaptive evolutionary radiation.12月13日托福阅读第二篇题材划分：生物类主要内容：主要讲关于夏威夷岛上的Noendemic animals and plants是如何移民到岛上的，主要通过风，动物皮毛和消化，以及通过人类的船只等。

新托福综合写作TPO13及材料欣赏

新托福综合写作TPO13及材料欣赏新托福综合写作TPO13范文及材料欣赏私人化石收藏家们从十八世纪就开始涉足化石买卖。

新托福综合写作TPO13写作材料就花式私人买卖的是好的还是坏的进行了讨论。

下面是店铺整理的新托福综合写作TPO13范文和材料，欢迎阅读!新托福综合写作TPO13范文：The lecturer rejects the ideas presented in the reading passage about the problems involved in the booming business of commercial fossil trading. In her opinion, the benefits of this new development outweigh its negative consequences.The lecturer does not agree with the first point made in the reading—that private collectors keep their fossil collections away from the public. She contends that the commercial trading of fossils actually makes them available to a wider public, because everyone with a budget, such as private schools and libraries, can purchase them for study and exhibition.The lecturer goes on to refute the claim in the reading that fossil trading business prevents scientists and public museum from benefiting from fossil finds, as these parties cannot compete with wealthy private buyers to acquire important fossils for research purpose. On the contrary, she argues, scientists themselves are the first to evaluate any important fossil before it can be sold in the commercial market at a price, so the academic community does not miss any opportunity to study privately traded fossils.Additionally, the lecturer challenges the final downside of fossil trading mentioned in the reading. The lecturer reminds us that the damages, if any, caused by private collectors in their field operations are more than offset by the effort these individualshave made to increase the number of fossils available to the public that would otherwise remain undiscovered.新托福综合写作TPO13阅读材料：Private collectors have been selling and buying fossils, the petrified remains of ancient organisms, ever since the eighteen century. In recent years, however, the sale of fossils, particularly of dinosaurs and other large vertebrates has grown into a big business. Rare and important fossils are now being sold to private ownership for millions of dollars. This is an unfortunate development for both scientists and the general public.私人化石收藏家们从十八世纪就开始涉足化石买卖。

2020年1月12日托福综合写作真题回忆与解析

2020年1月12日托福综合写作真题回忆与解析托福综合写作部分的训练，自然也离不开大量真题的练习。

在1月12日的托福写作中，综合部分的考试真题内容是什么，如何更好的进行作文的构思?大家可以参考相应的范文解析，来备考练习这部分题目。

下面小编为大家整理了详细的内容，供大家参考!2020年1月12日托福综合写作真题回忆与解析话题分类社会科学。

考题回忆1-总论点Whitehead was the first person who had invented the airplane in 1901, which was 2 years earlier than Wright Brothers.2-阅读部分All these three evidence are not true.(1) The lacking of photographs can’t indicate that Whitehead had invented the Airplane in 1901. Actually, drawings was the most popular way appearing on the newspaper. The news may be made up by some reporter to publish an eye-catching event, therefore it was unreliable.(2) The design of the plane was unreasonable because it had just one single-level wings, and it could not fly at that time.(3) Whitehead sold the engine which was designed by himself to many aircraft builders, who couldn’t manufactured an airplane successfully. Thus the author thought the engine of the airplane couldn’t function well.3-听力部分Refute each point raised in reading part separately.These evidence are more stronger than we thought.(1) Because of the limit of the technology, most of the newspress adopted drawings instead of photos. Because the experiment of flying was in the early morning, With dim light and the fast moving of the plane, it was difficult to capture enough high quality photographs.(2) In the modern time, some scientists completely copy the design of Whitehead, which indicates that this kind of design is able to work well.(3) It is true that those aircraft builders couldn’t invented the airplane successfully, but Whitehead should not be to blame for it. Since there was the limit of technology and lack of knowledge, it was normal not being able to create the plane. Furthermore, it could proved the good quality of the engine that so many people buying it.解题思路总写阅读材料和听力材料的主题与关系。

2020年12月四级作文范文讲解

2020年12月四级作文范文讲解英文回答：1. Elaborate on the reasons why you choose to pursue your current major.Pursuing my current major has been a well-considered decision that aligns with my aspirations, interests, and career goals. My decision was motivated by a profound fascination with the subject matter and a strong belief in its relevance to addressing contemporary societal challenges. Additionally, the program's rigorous curriculum, distinguished faculty, and ample research opportunitieshave provided me with the necessary foundation for intellectual growth and professional development.2. Describe your most memorable experience inuniversity life.Amongst the myriad of memorable experiences during myuniversity life, one that stands out as particularly significant is my involvement in a research project under the mentorship of an eminent professor. This experience allowed me to delve into cutting-edge research, contributeto knowledge creation, and develop valuable research skills. The project culminated in a presentation at aninternational conference, which provided me with a platform to share my findings and engage with a broader academic community.3. Share your opinions on the importance of extracurricular activities in university life.Extracurricular activities play a pivotal role in university life by complementing academic pursuits and fostering personal growth. They offer opportunities forskill development, leadership experience, social interaction, and community engagement. By participating in extracurricular activities, students can explore their interests, cultivate their talents, and make meaningful connections beyond the classroom. Furthermore, these experiences contribute to holistic development, preparingstudents to become well-rounded individuals who can excelin both their careers and personal lives.4. Discuss your plans after graduation.Upon graduation, I aspire to embark on a career that leverages my academic foundation and research experience to contribute to positive social change. I am particularly interested in pursuing opportunities in the fields of sustainable development, public policy, or research. My ultimate goal is to apply my knowledge and skills toaddress pressing global issues and make a meaningful impact on society.5. How has your major prepared you for your future career goals?My major has meticulously prepared me for my future career goals by providing a comprehensive understanding of the field's core concepts, theories, and methodologies. The coursework has equipped me with analytical, problem-solving, and critical thinking skills essential for success in mychosen profession. Additionally, the hands-on experience gained through research projects and internships hasallowed me to develop practical competencies and build a network of professional connections.中文回答：1. 详细阐述你选择现在专业的原因。