新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson43.doc
新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记
Finding fossil man 发现化⽯石⼈人 Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especiallyflint, because this is easier to shapethan other kinds.They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rottedaway. Stone does not decay, and so thetools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappearedwithout trace. 读到flint 打⽕火⽯石anthropomorphic ⼈人格化拟1anthropo ⼈人类的让步⼀一⼀一trace backdate back read of read abouta trace of ⼀一些resound u叙述 Polynesian adj.波利利尼⻄西亚(中太平洋之⼀一群岛)的 Indonesia n. 印度尼⻄西亚 我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年年前近东发⽣生的事情，那⾥里里的⼈人最早学会了了写字。
新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson43
新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson43新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson43【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What does the 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings in space depend on?We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life, that given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start. Of all the planets in our solar system, we ware now pretty certain the Earth is the only one on which life can survive. Mars is too dry and poor in oxygen, Venus far too hot, and so is Mercury, and the outer planets have temperatures near absolute zeroand hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. But other suns, start as the astronomers call them, are bound to have planets like our own, and as is the number of stars in the universe is so vast, this possibility becomes virtual certainty. There are one hundred thousand million starts in our own Milky Way alone, and then there are three thousand million other Milky Ways,or galaxies, in the universe. So the number of the stars that we know exist is now estimated at about 300 million million million.Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets, that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.If then we are so certain that other intelligent life exists in the universe, why have we had no visitors fromouter space yet? First of all, they may have come to thisplanet of ours thousands or millions of years ago, and found our then prevailing primitive state completely uninteresting to their own advanced knowledge. Professor Ronald Bracewell,a leading American radio astronomer, argued in Nature that such a superior civilization, on a visit to our own solar system, may have left an automatic messenger behind to await the possible awakening of an advanced civilization. Such a messenger, receiving our radio and television signals, might well re-transmit them back to its home-planet, although what impression any other civilization would thus get from us is best left unsaid.But here we come up against the most difficult of all obstacles to contact with people on other planets -- the astronomical distances which separate us. As a reasonable guess, they might, on an average, be 100 light years away. (A light year is the distance which light travels at 186,000miles per second in one year, namely 6 million million miles.) Radio waves also travel at the speed of light, and assuming such an automatic messenger picked up our first broadcasts of the 1920's, the message to its home planet is barely halfway there. Similarly, our own present primitive chemical rockets, though good enough to orbit men, have no chance oftransporting us to the nearest other star, four light years away, let alone distances of tens or hundreds of light years.Fortunately, there is a 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings, as Walter Sullivan has put it in his excellent book, We Are not Alone. Thisdepends on the precise radio frequency of the 21-cm wavelength, or 1420 megacycles per second. It is the naturalfrequency of emission of the hydrogen atoms in space and was discovered by us in 1951; it must be known to any kind of radio astronomer in the universe.Once the existence of this wave-length had been discovered, it was not long before its use as the uniquely recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellar communication was suggested. Without something of this kind, searching for intelligences on other planets would be like trying to meet a friend in London without a pre-arranged rendezvous and absurdly wandering the streets in the hope of a chance encounter.ANTHONY MICHAELIS Are There Strangers in Space? from The Weekend Telegraph【New words and expressions 生词和短语】Mercury n. 水星hydrogen n. 氢气prevailing adj. 普遍的radio astronomer 射电天方学家uniquely adv. 地rational adj. 合理的radio frequency 无线电频率cm n. 厘米megacycle n. 兆周。
新概念43-44课
8. Are there any teapots in that cupboard? Yes, there are. There are some teapots in that cupboard. teapot 可数
9. Are there any cars in front of that building? Yes, there are. There are some cars in front of that building. car 可数 10. Is there any coffee on that table? Yes, there is. There’s some coffee on that table. coffee 不可数
boil (1) v.沸腾 The kettle is boiling. 水开了 = The water is boiling.
(2)v.用开水煮 boil an egg
课文讲解
Can you make the tea, Sam? Yes, of course I can, Penny.
make the tea 沏茶
Is there any water in this kettle? Yes, there is. any “一些” 常在疑问句和否定句 这个班没有老人。 There is not any old man in this class.
Over there 在那边 + 代词 + be动词
It’s in front of you! in front of 反义词 behind
Exercises A
1. knives [naivz] 2. boxes [bɔksiz] 3. loaves [ləuvz] 4. shelves [ʃelvz] 5. wives [waivz] 6. dishes [diʃiz] 7. buses [bʌsiz]
新概念43课课文原文
新概念43课课文原文全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：《新概念英语》是一套备受广大英语学习者喜爱的教材，在其中课文内容优秀，语言简洁，适合各个阶段的学习者学习。
其中的第43课也是一个很有趣的课文，接下来我们将为大家呈现《新概念43课》的原文和一些解析。
原文如下：CarsAlmost everyone has a dream car. For some people, it may be a big, shiny Mercedes or a sporty Porsche, but most people just dream of owning a small, practical car.这篇文章主要讲述了汽车在现代社会中的地位和影响。
文章首先提到了几乎每个人都有自己梦想的汽车，有些人梦想拥有一辆大气的梅赛德斯或者一辆运动型的保时捷，但大多数人只是梦想着拥有一辆小巧实用的汽车。
现在，汽车对大多数人来说已经成为了一种生活方式，不再像过去那样是一种奢侈品。
事实上，对许多人来说，拥有一辆汽车已经不再是一种奢侈，而是一种必需。
汽车的确方便快捷，但它们也带来了问题。
它们污染空气，噪音污染。
它们占用空间且危险。
在世界的许多地方，汽车如此之多以至于交通堵塞已经成为了日常生活的一部分。
没有人喜欢被困在交通中，但我们都花了很多时间在拥挤的道路上开车。
难以想象一个没有汽车的世界，但我们对它们的依赖造成了许多问题。
有些人认为增加汽车可以解决世界交通问题，但也有人认为汽车引发了更多的问题。
也许我们需要在汽车拥有的益处和弊端之间找到一个平衡。
没有人可以否认汽车的便利性，但我们也必须考虑它们对环境和我们生活质量的影响。
最终，决定汽车是祸害还是祝福，还在于我们每个人的选择。
这篇文章不仅展示了汽车在我们生活中的重要性，也提醒我们要意识到汽车对环境造成的影响。
我们应该反思我们对汽车的依赖，并探索更环保、可持续的出行方式。
希望这篇分析能够帮助大家更好地理解和思考《新概念43课》的内容。
新概念英语第四册Lesson43单词学习手册
新概念英语第四册Lesson43单词学习手册Mars [mɑz] 水星vammonia ['mn] 氨气【派生词】prevailing流行的【单词搭配】prevail on劝说 prevail against压倒【单词例句】A： The main color of our new series of cars is red, the color of frre.A：找们的新系列车的主打色是红色，火的颜色。
B：I bet our booth will prevail.B：我敢打赌我们的展位会很火!radio astronomer ['strnm] 射电天文学家【派生词】uniquely独特地【单词搭配】unique to只有……才有的【单词例句】A： This kind ofproduct sells very well.A：这种商品卖得非常好。
B：I believe so, because it is unique.B：这个点我信，因为这种商品确实很独特。
【派生词】rationale基本原理【单词扩充】reasonable合理的【单词例句】A：I like the clients who are professional, responsible, and rational most.A：我最喜欢那种有专业知识的、负责的、理性的客户。
B：But that kind ofcustomer isa dying breedB：但是那种顾客越来越少。
radio frequency ['frikw()ns] 无线电频率centimetre ['sentmit] n. 厘米;公分。
新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson43：Our Developing World
新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson43：OurDeveloping WorldFaith in controlled nuclear fission is now being shown by the construction of atomic powerstations. In Britain, Calder Hall on the coast of Cumberland first made its contribution to theNational Electricity grid in 1957. Subsequently a chain of nuclear power stations was planned. Ofnecessity they are sited near the coasts or tidal water because of the need of much water for coolingand a certain discharge of possible radioactive effluent. Atomic power is associated in the publicmind with the destructive force of atom bombs and partly for this reason, though it is claimed thatthere is no danger to be associated with atomic power stations, they are being sited away frompopulous centres.The present position is that the three main sources of power are coal, oil and water power. Wesometimes refer to electricity ,gas or petrol as if they were the actual source of power , forgettingthat electricity must be generated by the consumption of coal or oil or by the utilization of waterpower, whilst coke,gas and petrol are examples of secondary fuels by which coal and oil may bemore effectively used.Where alternative sources of power are available there are some marked contrasts in handling. Thebulk and weight of coal required in the majority of manufacturing industries is large in comparisonwith the bulk and weight of other raw materials. This is not always true--was with the manufactureof pig iron and steel from low-grade iron ores-- but it did lead to the concentration of industrialdevelopments on the coal-fields, a phenomenon well seen in such countries as Britain where theIndustrial Revolution came before the days of oil or electricity. Coal being a solid must bedistributed mainly by rail or water.By way of contrast oil can be transported large distances by pipeline but overseas movement hasinvolved building of large numbers of tankers, including now some of the largest vessels afloat.Unless suitable on other grounds oilfields have not become industrial regions; on the contrary theoil industry is marked by a certain amount of smell and an element of danger, hence the siting ofrefineries at a distance from population centres. It is not always realized that the owners ofpipelines can handle the oil of different customers, sending it through at different, periods.Natural gas can also be transported large distances by pipe. Early in 1959 Britain received thefirst ship cargo of natural gas----liquefied for the purpose of transport.。
新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】
新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了方便同学们的学习，大为大家了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!First listen and then answer the following question.What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.These ocean waves are among the earth"s most plicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean and everything on it would beracing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again.From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other "living" thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises)signature n. 签名，标记infinity n. 无穷ray n. 光线energize v. 给与...能量rhythm n. 节奏transmit v. 传送exquisite adj. 高雅的phenomena n. 现象crest n. 浪峰trough n. 波谷vertical adj. 垂直的horizontal adj. 水平的actuality n. 现实catastrophic adj. 大灾难的 particle n. 微粒maturity n. 成熟undulate v. 波动，形成波浪 tremor n. 震颤gravitational adj. 地心吸力的1.transmit vt.①传达例句：Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.吉普赛人经常以口头形式把秘方世代相传。
(美音版)新概念英语第四册：Lesson 43 Are there strangers in
(美音版）新概念英语第四册：Lesson 43 Are therestrangers inLesson 43 Are there strangers in space?第43课宇宙中有外星人吗？First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What does the 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings in space depend on?We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life, that given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start.根据研究生命起源的人们所作的工作，我们必然会得出这样的结论：如果设想有一颗行星和我们地球的情况基本相似，那几乎肯定会产生生命。
Of all the planets in our solar system, we are now pretty certain the Earth is the only one on which life can survive.我们当前能够肯定的是，在我们太阳系的所有行星中，地球是生命能存有的行星。
Mars is too dry and poor in oxygen, Venus far too hot, and so is Mercury, and the outer planets have temperatures near absolute zero and hydrogen-dominated atmospheres.火星太干燥又缺氧，金星太热，水星也一样。
新概念英语43课讲义
Lesson43 Hurry up!讲义重点一、本课重要单词of course: 当然;另外表达方式还有：certainly，surely（当然）；kettle：水壶；behind：在…….的后面；after也有在……后边的意思。
掌握behind与after两者的区别：（1）behind是指方位的前后，在…….的后面;（2）after是指时间或顺序的先后，在….之后;behind的反义词是in front of，表示在….之前,多指方位；after的反义词是before，表示在…之前，多指时间及顺序。
teapot: 茶壶;now: 现在，此刻; 现在进行时最常见的标志词；例：They are doing their homework now.他们正在做作业。
now可以与at the moment互换，多见于同义句转换题型。
find: 找到,侧重于找的“结果”，look for 也有找的意思，但多侧重于找的动作，例：Ican not find my English books .我找不到我的英语书了。
I am looking for my English books. 我正在找我的英语书。
另外掌握find的一个重要短语：find out:查明，查出真相；We must find out the truth. 我们必须查出真相。
boil：沸腾，开二、本课重要知识点1. Is there any water in the kettle?水壶里还有水吗？在本句中需要掌握的重要知识点是there be句型和some和any的用法：（1）there is+可数名词的单数或不可数名词，例：There is a book on the table.桌子上有一本书。
There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。
（2）there are+可数名词的复数，例：There are a lot of children in the classroom.教室里有很多孩子。
(完整版)新概念英语第四册(中英对译)
＄课文1 发现化石人1. We can read of things that happened 5，000 years ago in the Near East， where people first learned to write。
我们从书籍中可读到5，000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字.2。
But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write。
但直到现在，世界上有些地方，人们还不会书写。
3。
The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tales to another。
他们保存历史的唯一办法是将历史当作传说讲述，由讲述人一代接一代地将史实描述为传奇故事口传下来。
4。
These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago，这些传说是有用的，因为他们告诉我们很久以前生活在这里的移民的一些事情。
5。
but none could write down what they did。
但是没有人能写下来。
6. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from.人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方，7。
The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2，000 years ago。
新概念英语第四册Lesson40~44课文注释
【导语】新概念英语⽂章短⼩精悍，语句幽默诙谐，语法全⾯系统。
适合各个阶层的⼈群学习参考。
相信有了新概念英语，你也可以成为“⼤神”级别的⼈物！还在等什么？快来加⼊学习吧！⼩编与您⼀起学习进步！新概念英语第四册Lesson40课⽂注释 1 by some unavoidable circumstance,由于某些不可避免的情况。
2 with a grain of salt,有保留地。
3 a very firm hand,⼀个强有⼒的⼈。
4 with the aid of,在...的帮助下。
5 This is supposed,据说...。
新概念英语第四册Lesson41课⽂注释 1、stand up on end,竖⽴着。
2、the ideal to be aimed at,理想的⽬标。
3、I could in time...,我最终能够....。
4、help us a little further,帮助我们进⼀步搞清这个问题。
5、with the hand...hold the string...,这是⼀个祈使句，谓语动词是hold,with the hand held high in the air是介词短语作⽅式状语。
6、to and fro,来回地。
新概念英语第四册Lesson42课⽂注释 1、that given a planet...certain to start,这是⼀个宾语从句，作动词conclude的宾语，其中given a planet...our own,过去分词短语作条件状语，given与if的意思相近，这个过去分词短语可译成“如果⼀个⾏星与我们所在的⾏星⼤致相同的话”。
2、is best left unsaid,不去说(它)。
3、come up against,遇到。
新概念英语第四册Lesson43课⽂注释 1 The inner workings of our own brains,这⼀部分是feel的宾语，为了强调⽽把宾语提前了，to be uniquely worthy of investigation 是宾语补⾜语。
新概念英语43
-Is there any water in this kettle?
• -Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. • 肯定-否定回答
Is there a cup of tea on the desk? Yes, there is.
Are there two cups of tea on the desk? Yes, there are. Are there two cups of tea near the teapot? Is there any tea in the teapot?
There it is! 就在那儿！ 倒装句，表强调。
Here it is! Here they are.
There are some (cups) in the cupboard.
• some 一些。用于肯定句中。可修饰可数名 词复数或不可数名词：some water/milk
-Can you find them (= the cups)?
step6
pour the tea into the cup
Lesson43
hurry up
Does Sam find the tea?
read and answer
• 1.Is there any water in this kettle? • 2.Where is the tea? • 3. Where are the cups? • 4.Can he find the cups?
情态动词can（一）
• 情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独立存 在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情 态动词can没有人称和数的变化。
1.表示“能、会”,指脑力或体力方面的“能力”。 例如：I can speak Chinese.我会讲汉语。 2.表示“可能”,常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能 性。 He can’t be in the classroom. 他不可能在教室里。 3.表示“可以”,常用于口语中,指许可或请求做某事。 Can I have a cup of tea, please?请问我可以喝一杯茶 吗？
新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记
Royal espionage 王室谍报活动 Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring. While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. There had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighboring regions.There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft. Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit forprolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids. So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. ⼀一间谍活动中世纪的咏游歌⼿手⾦金金琴⺠民歌___魔术杂技的⾯面⼊入向那⾥里里-n 得-i 持久的微不不⾜足道需供⽽而应⾯面对尤击⼀一n⼩小规模战⽃斗Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes -- and within a month the Danes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage! 阿尔弗雷雷德⼤大帝曾亲⾃自充当间谍。
新概念英语43课
Lesson 43 Hurry up![词汇]（7）1.of course 当然Of cour se =cer tain ly加强语气Per haps 也许--不确定弱2.kettle n. 水壶Ket tle 水壶Bo il: The kettle is boiling3.behind prep.在……后面Front : in front of 前面Behind 。
的后面Be hind 后面 hind legs 后腿4.teapot n. 茶壶Pot 壶锅 hotpot teapot coffee pot Chocolate hotpot5.now adv. 现在，此刻What are you doing now?6.find v. 找到Find me ~I find you 找到了7.boil v. 沸腾，开B oil 烧开沸腾I boil waterWater is boiling . Boiling water 开水of coursekettle n.behind prep.teapot n.now adv.find v.boil v. ，[语法]情态助动词：否定疑问情态Must +动词原形：必须I must study EnglishI must not study EnglishMust i study English?情态动词can的用法can是情态动词，本身不表示动作，表示体力或脑力方面的能力或客观可能等。
它必须与其他动词连用，本身没有人称和数格的变化。
Can 的否定形式为can not，cannot或can’t（省略式）。
I can make the tea.I can't make the tea.Can you make the tea?Yes, I can. /No, I can't.What can you/ I do?[课文]1.PENNY: Can you make the tea, Sam?2.SAM: Yes, of course I can, Penny. Can情态助动词: 能够有能力+动词前You can make the tea. 泡茶You can't make the tea.Of course= certainly 加强语气3.Is there any water in this kettle?4.PENNY: Yes, there is.Some 一些可数不可数都可以否定句疑问句：any5.SAM: Where's the tea?6.PENNY: It's over there, behind theteapot.There那里：over there就在那里！！双方如果都知道，属于特指+the7.Can you see it?8.SAM: I can see the teapot, but I can'tsee the tea.Can是情态助动词否定和疑问本身有感情色彩：可以能够9.PENNY: There it is!10.It's in front of you!11.SAM: Ah yes, I can see it now. There it is ;- it is there提到句首强化语气12.Where are the cups?13.PENNY: There are some in the cupboard. Some +名词如果名词上文有提到可省略14.Can you find them?15.SAM: Yes. Here they are. Find 找到。
新概念43-46课课堂重点
NCE 01 Lesson 43-46Key points of Lesson 43-44（背诵课文43）1，find 找到，寻得Where are the cups? I can’t find them. （find 找的结果）我的杯子在哪里？我找不到它们了。
Look for 寻找What are you doing? I’m looking for my cups. （look for 找的过程）你在干什么？我在找我的杯子。
2，boil 开，滚，沸腾The water is boiling. 水开了。
The stormy sea is boiling. 暴风雨中的大海汹涌起伏。
Seeing the national flag made me boil. 看着国旗，我心潮澎湃。
3，of course 很多中国人非常喜欢使用“of course”。
的确，在使用英文时，有些情况下能够使用该短语。
例如，有一天有人问你“Can you help me?”的时候，如果你非常愿意提供帮助的话，你可以回答说“Of course!”此时，你话语中隐含的意思是：“我当然愿意帮助你了，这还用问吗?” 但是在很多情况下，我们中国人要极为小心使用“0f course"。
在中文看来，“当然、当然了”隐含的意思是“显而易见的当然”、“众所周知的当然”、“毋庸置疑的当然”。
因此，在很多场景下，在老外看来使用“of course”会使我们显得极为粗暴、傲慢和无礼。
比如，有个老外对我们说：“你知道明天要下雨了吗?”如果我们回答对方“Of course，”在英语是母语的人听起来，我们的潜台词却是(话外之音)：“我当然知道了，这么简单的显而易见的常识，你竟然还要问?真够笨的!”所以，在跨文化交往中，如果我们需要肯定地回答对方的问题时，尽可能不使用“of course”，而是使用其他词汇、短语来代替。
4，make the tea 沏茶over there 在那边there（here）it is 那（这）不就是嘛！hurry up 快点5, can you make the tea?你会沏茶吗？The kettle’s boiling.水开了。
新概念第四册笔记(完美版)
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first‘modern men’came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. ROBIN PLACE Finding fossil manNew words and expressions生词短语recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述/ ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount : emotionless重复describedepict：a little emotionalnarrate：temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。
新概念第四册中英文对照已逐字校对版
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.我们从书籍中可读到5000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。
But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.但直到现在,世界上仍然有些地方，人们还不会书写。
The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another.他们保存历史的唯一办法是将历史当作传说讲述，由讲述人一代接一代地将史实描述为传奇故事口传下来。
These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago,这些传说是很有用的，因为他们能告诉我们以往人们迁居的情况。
but none could write down what they did.但是没有人能把他们当时做的事情记载下来。
Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. 人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的玻利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方，The sagas of these people explain that some of them came fromIndonesia about 2,000 years ago.当地人的传说却告诉了人们：其中有一部分是在约2000年前从印度尼西亚迁来的。
新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】
新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了方便同学们的学习，大为大家了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!First listen and then answer the following question.What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.These ocean waves are among the earth"s most plicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (thehighest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean and everything on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again.From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other "living" thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises)signature n. 签名，标记infinity n. 无穷ray n. 光线energize v. 给与...能量rhythm n. 节奏transmit v. 传送exquisite adj. 高雅的phenomena n. 现象crest n. 浪峰trough n. 波谷vertical adj. 垂直的horizontal adj. 水平的actuality n. 现实catastrophic adj. 大灾难的 particle n. 微粒maturity n. 成熟undulate v. 波动，形成波浪 tremor n. 震颤gravitational adj. 地心吸力的1.transmit vt.①传达例句：Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.吉普赛人经常以口头形式把秘方世代相传。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson43 【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What does the 'uniquely rational way' for us tocommunicate with other intelligent beings in space depend on?We must conclude from the work of those who have studiedthe origin of life, that given a planet only approximatelylike our own, life is almost certain to start. Of all the planets inour solar system, we ware now pretty certain the Earth is theonly one on which life can survive. Mars is too dry and poor in oxygen, Venus far too hot, and so is Mercury, and the outerplanets have temperatures near absolute zero and hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. But other suns, start as theastronomers call them, are bound to have planets like our own,and as is the number of stars in the universe is so vast, this possibility becomes virtual certainty. There are one hundred thousand million starts in our own Milky Way alone, and thenthere are three thousand million other Milky Ways, or galaxies,in the universe. So the number of the stars that we know existis now estimated at about 300 million million million.Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that hasstarted somewhere will develop into highly complex andintelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets,that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of theuniverse.If then we are so certain that other intelligent life existsin the universe, why have we had no visitors from outerspace yet? First of all, they may have come to this planet of ours thousands or millions of years ago, and found our then prevailing primitive state completely uninterestingto their own advanced knowledge. Professor Ronald Bracewell, a leading American radio astronomer, argued in Nature that such a superior civilization, on a visit to our own solar system, may have left an automatic messenger behind to await the possible awakening of an advanced civilization. Such a messenger, receiving our radio and television signals, might well re-transmit them back to its home-planet, although what impression any other civilization would thus get from us isbest left unsaid.But here we come up against the most difficult of all obstacles to contact with people on other planets -- the astronomical distances which separate us. As a reasonable guess, they might, on an average, be 100 light years away. (A light year is the distance which light travels at 186,000miles per second in one year, namely 6 million million miles.) Radio waves also travel at the speed of light, and assuming such an automatic messenger picked up our first broadcasts of the 1920's, the message to its home planet is barely halfway there. Similarly, our own present primitive chemical rockets, though good enough to orbit men, have no chance of transporting us to the nearest other star, four light years away, let alone distances of tens or hundreds of light years.Fortunately, there is a 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings, as Walter Sullivan has put it in his excellent book, We Are not Alone. Thisdepends on the precise radio frequency of the 21-cmwavelength, or 1420 megacycles per second. It is the natural frequency of emission of the hydrogen atoms in space andwas discovered by us in 1951; it must be known to any kind ofradio astronomer in the universe.Once the existence of this wave-length had beendiscovered, it was not long before its use as the uniquely recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellarcommunication was suggested. Without something of this kind, searching for intelligences on other planets would be like tryingto meet a friend in London without a pre-arranged rendezvousand absurdly wandering the streets in the hope of a chance encounter.ANTHONY MICHAELIS Are There Strangers in Space? from The Weekend Telegraph【New words and expressions生词和短语】Mercury n.水星hydrogen n.氢气prevailing adj. 普遍的radio astronomer 射电天方学家uniquely adv.地rational adj.合理的radio frequency无线电频率cm n.厘米megacycle n.兆周emission n.散intersteller adj.星的rendezvous n.会地点【文注】1.that given a planet only approximately like our own,life is almost certain to start是一个从句，作conclude 的，其中 given a planet⋯our own,去分短作条件状， given 与 if 的意思相近，个去分短可成“如果一个行星与我所在的行星大致相同的”。
2.life is almost certain to start 那几乎肯定会生生命。
3.be bound to 必然，必定例句： You are bound to feel tired after a long walk.步行后你必然会感到疲。
He's bound to notice your mistake.他必定会察到你的。